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Vitale E, Rizzo A, Santa K, Jirillo E. Associations between "Cancer Risk", "Inflammation" and "Metabolic Syndrome": A Scoping Review. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:352. [PMID: 38785834 PMCID: PMC11117847 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with metabolic syndrome exhibit simultaneously pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory conditions which more probably can lead to cardiovascular diseases progression, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and some types of cancer. The present scoping review is aimed at highlighting the association between cancer risk, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. METHODS A search strategy was performed, mixing keywords and MeSH terms, such as "Cancer Risk", "Inflammation", "Metabolic Syndrome", "Oncogenesis", and "Oxidative Stress", and matching them through Boolean operators. A total of 20 manuscripts were screened for the present study. Among the selected papers, we identified some associations with breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and cancer in general. CONCLUSIONS Cancer and its related progression may also depend also on a latent chronic inflammatory condition associated with other concomitant conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Therefore, prevention may potentially help individuals to protect themselves from cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vitale
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Kazuki Santa
- Faculty of Medical Science, Juntendo University, 6-8-1 Hinode, Urayasu 279-0013, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Scuola di Medicina, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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2
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Alsalmi O, Mashraqi MM, Alshamrani S, Almasoudi HH, Alharthi AA, Gharib AF. Variolin B from sea sponge against lung cancer: a multitargeted molecular docking with fingerprinting and molecular dynamics simulation study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3507-3519. [PMID: 37855303 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2272204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Lung Cancer is the one that causes more fatalities in the world compared to other cancers, and its uniqueness is that it can be found in both males and females. However, recent data has shown that males are more affected due to lifestyle habits like smoking, tobacco consumption and inhaling polluted air. The World Health Organization has kept lung cancer on its priority list as it causes 1.8 million deaths worldwide each year, and the predictions show that the cases are going to increase year by year, and by 2050, there can be 3.8 million new cases and 3.2 million deaths, and the global health system is not prepared for it. Also, finding drug candidates that can help shrink cancerous cells and lead to their death is essential to reduce global mortality. The system needs drug compounds that can inhibit multiple paths together not to enter drug resistance quickly and to reduce costs. Our study identified a compound named Variolin B (DB08694) that belongs to the organic compounds class of pyrrolopyridines. The identified compound can inhibit multiple proteins, drastically reducing the global burden. Variolin B was identified as a potential candidate against lung cancer using the multisampling algorithm such as HTVS, SP, and XP, followed by MM\GBSA calculations showing the docking score of -9.245 Kcal/mol to -5.92 Kcal/mol. Also, we have validated it with ADMET predictions and molecular fingerprinting to analyse the interaction patterns. Further, the study was extended to molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns to understand the complex stability and simulative interactions. The complex's overall molecular dynamics simulation helped us understand that the identified candidate is stable with the lowest deviation and fluctuations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohud Alsalmi
- Department of Clinical laboratory sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutaib M Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Awwadh Alharthi
- Department of Clinical laboratory sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F Gharib
- Department of Clinical laboratory sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Pidchenko N. Thyroid gland cancer and insulin resistance: a modern view of the problem. УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ РАДІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ТА ОНКОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЖУРНАЛ 2022. [DOI: 10.46879/ukroj.3.2022.79-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. The impact of insulin resistance on the probability of increase in thyroid cancer risk has been drawing a lot of attention of researchers lately. This problem is far from being completely solved. Studying this interrelationship may influence the effectiveness of the treatment of the mentioned widespread pathology.
Purpose – to review present literature sources on research of interrelationship between insulin resistance and thyroid cancer, and also possible mechanisms of this relationship.
Materials and methods. Literature search was performed manually by the keywords (thyroid cancer, insulin resistance, IGF-1, IGF-2, abdominal obesity, increase in body mass index, metformin), and also literature sources from evidential data bases PubMed, Web of Science were reviewed. Metaanalyses, systematic reviews and cohort studies were also taken into account. 148 literature sources were studied in total. The sources, which had been published within the last 10 years, were preferably selected.
Results. Insulin resistance is viewed as an important independent factor of development of numerous malignancies. The carcinogenic activity of insulin resistance is caused by the resistance itself, as well as by the metabolic disorders related to it. It has been established that excessive weight and obesity are to a great extent attributed to more aggressive clinical pathological signs of thyroid cancer. Recent research showed a larger volume of thyroid and higher risk of knot forming in patients with insulin resistance. Thus, thyroid cancer is one of the main factors of thyroid transformation. Therapeutic methods of eliminating metabolic syndrome and associated hormonal diseases for prevention and therapy of oncologic diseases are drawing ever-greater scientific interest. The anti-tumor features of metformin and its capability of retarding carcinogenesis are shown in the studies.
Conclusions. The given literature analysis has proved that the problem of treating malignant thyroid tumors and their metastasis is caused not only by morphological, cellular and molecular-biological features of the tumor itself, but also by insufficient knowledge about the interrelationship between insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, increase in body mass index, high-calorie diet and reduction of consumption of polyunsaturated fats, harmful impact of environment with molecular changes, specific for thyroid cancer. It is confirmed by a significant increase in thyroid cancer rate, especially papillary histotype, alongside with an increase in obesity rate. The studying of possibilities of decreasing incidence and mortality rates of oncologic pathology when using medications, which stabilize insulin and contribute to a decrease in degree of hyperinsulinemia, one of which is metformin, generates profound interest
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Two Novel Biomarker Candidates for Differentiating Basal Cell Carcinoma from Trichoblastoma; Asprosin and Meteorine Like Peptide. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Dong WW, Zhang DL, Wang ZH, Lv CZ, Zhang P, Zhang H. Different types of diabetes mellitus and risk of thyroid cancer: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:971213. [PMID: 36213272 PMCID: PMC9537385 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.971213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sex-specific thyroid cancer risk exists in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, thyroid cancer risk in different types of DM is still unclear. This meta-analysis aims to identify the real correlation between different types of DM and thyroid cancer risk in both sexes. METHODS Studies were identified by an electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library on 16 January 2022. A random-effects model was used to estimate the relative risks (RRs). The Cochran's Q and I2 statistics were computed to detect heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS In comparison with non-DM counterparts, patients with DM had a 1.32-fold higher risk of thyroid cancer (95% CI, 1.22-1.44) with 1.26-fold (95% CI, 1.12-1.41) in men and 1.36-fold (95% CI, 1.22-1.52) in women, respectively. Subgroup analysis by the type of DM showed that the RR of thyroid cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.17-1.53) in the study population with 1.32 (95% CI, 1.12-1.54) in men and 1.37 (95% CI, 1.12-1.68) in women, respectively; the RR of thyroid cancer was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.17-1.43) in patients with gestational diabetes; the risk of thyroid cancer in patients with type 1 diabetes was 1.51-fold in women but not in men. Although there were some heterogeneities, it did not affect the above results of this study. CONCLUSION This study indicates that, compared with non-DM individuals, patients with any type of DM have an elevated thyroid cancer risk. This positive correlation between type 2 diabetes and thyroid cancer risk exists in both men and women. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42022304028.
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Kang J, Li C, Gao X, Liu Z, Chen C, Luo D. Metformin inhibits tumor growth and affects intestinal flora in diabetic tumor-bearing mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174605. [PMID: 34757071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have found that diabetes increases the risk of some cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there are few studies on the relationship between the two diseases and their effects on intestinal flora. Therefore, we used streptozotocin and high-fat diet to establish a mouse model of type 2 diabetes, and then inoculated the Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells to obtain mouse diabetic tumor model. Mice inoculated with Huh-7 cells alone served as control. The tumor size in the diabetic tumor group was significantly higher than that in the tumor group. Our study also showed that the expression levels of inflammation-related factors (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, TLR4 and MCP1) in the diabetic tumor group were significantly higher than that in the tumor group. We found that metformin alleviated blood glucose level, reduced the expressions of inflammation-related factors and retarded xenograft tumor growth in the diabetic tumor group, but it couldn't reduce the tumor growth in the tumor group. Subsequent studies found that the content of some short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetic acid, propionic acid and isobutyric acid decreased significantly in diabetic tumor group. Metformin increased short chain fatty acid levels (acetic acid, butyic acid and valeric acid) and enriched the abundance of SCFA-producing bacterial genera such as Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales, Anaerovorax, Odoribacter and Marvinbryantia. In conclusion, type 2 diabetes could promote the growth of hepatoma cells in mice. Metformin could inhibit the growth of tumor under the condition of diabetes and play a role in the intestinal homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Chunqing Li
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Xuehui Gao
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.
| | - Duqiang Luo
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.
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Ciminera AK, Shuck SC, Termini J. Elevated glucose increases genomic instability by inhibiting nucleotide excision repair. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/10/e202101159. [PMID: 34426491 PMCID: PMC8385305 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic, elevated glucose inhibits nucleotide excision repair, which leads to accumulation of DNA glycation adducts, increased DNA strand breaks, and activation of the DNA damage response. We investigated potential mechanisms by which elevated glucose may promote genomic instability. Gene expression studies, protein measurements, mass spectroscopic analyses, and functional assays revealed that elevated glucose inhibited the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, promoted DNA strand breaks, and increased levels of the DNA glycation adduct N2-(1-carboxyethyl)-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine (CEdG). Glycation stress in NER-competent cells yielded single-strand breaks accompanied by ATR activation, γH2AX induction, and enhanced non-homologous end-joining and homology-directed repair. In NER-deficient cells, glycation stress activated ATM/ATR/H2AX, consistent with double-strand break formation. Elevated glucose inhibited DNA repair by attenuating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α–mediated transcription of NER genes via enhanced 2-ketoglutarate–dependent prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) activity. PHD inhibition enhanced transcription of NER genes and facilitated CEdG repair. These results are consistent with a role for hyperglycemia in promoting genomic instability as a potential mechanism for increasing cancer risk in metabolic disease. Because of the pleiotropic functions of many NER genes beyond DNA repair, these results may have broader implications for cellular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Ciminera
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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8
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Kheradmand P, Vallian Boroojeni S, Esmaeili-Mahani S. MiR-221 Expression Level Correlates with Insulin-Induced Doxorubicin Resistance in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:329-334. [PMID: 34308576 PMCID: PMC8286461 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Insulin induces anti-cancer drugs resistance in tumor cells. However, the mechanism by which insulin
induces its drug resistance effects is not clear. In the present study, the expression of miR-221 in insulin-treated MCF-7
cells in response to the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin, was investigated.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, cell viability was evaluated using MTT (3-[4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-
yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The expression level of miR-221 was determined by real time polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, the expression of insulin receptor (IR) and cleaved caspase-3 protein was
assessed by Western blotting.
Results The results showed that treatment of the MCF-7 cells with insulin reduced the anti-cancer effects of
doxorubicin. Viability of naive and insulin-treated cells following doxorubicin (DOX) treatment was 62.9 ± 5.7% and 79
± 7.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of miR-221 in insulin-treated cells was significantly increased (2.6
± 0.37-fold change) as compared with the control group. A significant decrease (26%) in the expression of caspase-3
protein and a significant increase (24%) in IR were observed in insulin-induced drug resistant MCF-7 cells as compared
to the naive cells.
Conclusion Together, the data showed a positive correlation between the expression of miR-221 and IR expression,
but a negative correlation with caspase3 expression, in insulin-induced drug resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This
could suggest a new mechanism for the role of miR-221 in cancer drugs resistance induced by insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kheradmand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sadeq Vallian Boroojeni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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Durrani IA, Bhatti A, John P. The prognostic outcome of 'type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer' association pivots on hypoxia-hyperglycemia axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:351. [PMID: 34225729 PMCID: PMC8259382 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer are complex, chronic, heterogeneous, and multi-factorial diseases; with common risk factors including but not limited to diet, obesity, and age. They also share mutually inclusive phenotypic features such as the metabolic deregulations resulting from hyperglycemia, hypoxic conditions and hormonal imbalances. Although, the association between diabetes and cancer has long been speculated; however, the exact molecular nature of this link remains to be fully elucidated. Both the diseases are leading causes of death worldwide and a causal relationship between the two if not addressed, may translate into a major global health concern. Previous studies have hypothesized hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hormonal imbalances and chronic inflammation, as some of the possible grounds for explaining how diabetes may lead to cancer initiation, yet further research still needs to be done to validate these proposed mechanisms. At the crux of this dilemma, hyperglycemia and hypoxia are two intimately related states involving an intricate level of crosstalk and hypoxia inducible factor 1, at the center of this, plays a key role in mediating an aggressive disease state, particularly in solid tumors such as breast cancer. Subsequently, elucidating the role of HIF1 in establishing the diabetes-breast cancer link on hypoxia-hyperglycemia axis may not only provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the association but also, illuminate on the prognostic outcome of the therapeutic targeting of HIF1 signaling in diabetic patients with breast cancer or vice versa. Hence, this review highlights the critical role of HIF1 signaling in patients with both T2DM and breast cancer, potentiates its significance as a prognostic marker in comorbid patients, and further discusses the potential prognostic outcome of targeting HIF1, subsequently establishing the pressing need for HIF1 molecular profiling-based patient selection leading to more effective therapeutic strategies emerging from personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhaam Ayaz Durrani
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Attya Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Peter John
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Vatseba TS, Sokolova LK, Pushkarev VM. Activation of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR/P70S6K1 signaling cascade in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with type 2 diabetes. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Pleiotropic effects of anti-diabetic drugs: A comprehensive review. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173349. [PMID: 32650008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperglycaemia presents an array of comorbidities such as cardiovascular and renal failure, dyslipidemia, and cognitive impairments. Populations above the age of 60 are in an urgent need of effective therapies to deal with the complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Widely used anti-diabetic drugs have good safety profiles and multiple reports indicate their pleiotropic effects in diabetic patients or models. This review has been written with the objective of identifying the widely-marketed anti-diabetic drugs which can be efficiently repurposed for the treatment of other diseases or disorders. It is an updated, comprehensive review, describing the protective role of various classes of anti-diabetic drugs in mitigating the macro and micro vascular complications of diabetes mellitus, and differentiating these drugs on the basis of their mode of action. Notably, metformin, the anti-diabetic drug most commonly explored for cancer therapy, has also exhibited some antimicrobial effects. Unlike class specific effects, few instances of drug specific effects in managing cardiovascular complications have also been reported. A major drawback is that the pleiotropic effects of anti-diabetic drugs have been mostly investigated only in diabetic patients. Thus, for effective repurposing, more clinical trials devoted to analyse the effects of anti-diabetic drugs in patients irrespective of their diabetic condition, are required.
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A Single-Center Retrospective Chart Review to Determine Whether the Presence of Comorbidities Affects Colon Cancer Screenings in African Americans. Gastroenterol Nurs 2020; 43:40-52. [PMID: 31990872 DOI: 10.1097/sga.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in African Americans. Although the rates of colon screenings have risen, African Americans remain to be underscreened, and are more likely to present with advanced lesions. This population has a higher prevalence of inflammatory comorbidities, and their effects on screenings have not been fully explored. Along with higher rates of comorbidities, the Southeastern United States is one region for the highest rates of colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether people with comorbidities were more likely to have a screening colonoscopy. Convenience sampling was used to procure 408 patients. The median age was 55 years, and the majority were females (52.2%), who were obese (29.2%), and nonsmokers (52.2%). The most common comorbidity was hypertension (70.3%), followed by osteoarthritis (39%), and diabetes (25.5%). There is a well-documented trend between certain inflammatory comorbidities and higher death rates in patients with colorectal cancer. Clarifying the relationship between comorbidities and cancer starts with screening as many patients as possible. Therefore, interventions that support increasing the number of colorectal cancer screenings are imperative in order to improve morbidity and mortality in this despaired population.
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13
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Wang X, Wang H, Zhang T, Cai L, Dai E, He J. Diabetes and its Potential Impact on Head and Neck Oncogenesis. J Cancer 2020; 11:583-591. [PMID: 31942181 PMCID: PMC6959048 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of diabetes mellitus and cancer has increased sharply; indeed, these have become the two most important diseases threatening health and survival. Head and neck (HN) tumors are the sixth most common malignancies in humans. Numerous studies have shown that there are many common risk factors for diabetes mellitus and HN squamous cell carcinoma, including advanced age, poor diet and lifestyle, and environmental factors. However, the mechanism linking the two diseases has not been identified. A number of studies have shown that diabetes affects the development, metastasis, and prognosis of HN cancer, potentially through the associated hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, or chronic inflammation. More recent studies show that metformin, the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, can significantly reduce the risk of HN tumor development and reduce mortality in diabetic patients. Here, we review recent progress in the study of the relationship between diabetes mellitus and HN carcinogenesis, and its potential mechanisms, in order to provide a scientific basis for the early diagnosis and effective treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tianfu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.,Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Enyong Dai
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jinting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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Samie HAA, Saeed M, Faisal SM, Kausar MA, Kamal MA. Recent Findings on Nanotechnology-based Therapeutic Strategies Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:283-291. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190308134351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Nanotechnology-based therapies are emerging as a promising new anticancer approach.
Early clinical studies suggest that nanoparticle-based therapeutics can show enhanced efficacy while reducing side
effects minimal, owing to targeted delivery and active intracellular uptake.
Methods:
To overcome the problems of gene and drug delivery, nanotechnology based delivery system gained interest
in the last two decades. Encouraging results from Nano formulation based drug delivery systems revealed that
these emerging restoratives can efficiently lead to more effective, targeted, selective and efficacious delivery of chemotherapeutic
agents to the affected target cells.
Results:
Nanotechnology not only inhibits targeted gene products in patients with cancer, but also taught us valuable
lessons regarding appropriate dosages and route of administrations. Besides, nanotechnology based therapeutics
holds remarkable potential as an effective drug delivery system. We critically highlight the recent findings on
nanotechnology mediated therapeutics strategies to combat hepatocellular carcinoma and discuss how nanotechnology
platform can have enhanced anticancer effects compared with the parent therapeutic agents they contain.
Conclusion:
In this review, we discussed the key challenges, recent findings and future perspective in the development
of effective nanotechnology-based cancer therapeutics. The emphasis here is focused on nanotechnology-based
therapies that are likely to affect clinical investigations and their implications for advancing the treatment of patients
with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A. Abdel Samie
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mohd Faisal
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
| | - Mohd Adnan Kausar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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High Glucose Concentrations Negatively Regulate the IGF1R/Src/ERK Axis through the MicroRNA-9 in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040326. [PMID: 30965609 PMCID: PMC6523516 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed that people with hyperglycemia have a high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Hyperglycemia may be responsible for supplying energy to CRC cells. However, the potential molecular mechanism for this association remains unclear. Furthermore, microRNA-9 (miR-9) has a tumor-suppressive function in CRC. Aberrant reduced expression of miR-9 is involved in the development and progression of malignancy caused by a high glucose (HG) concentration. In this study, we used an HG concentration to activate miR-9 downregulation in CRC cells. Our results indicated that miR-9 decreased the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R)/Src signaling pathway and downstream cyclin B1 and N-cadherin but upregulated E-cadherin. The HG concentration not only promoted cell proliferation, increased the G1 population, and modulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) protein expression and morphology but also promoted the cell migration and invasion ability of SW480 (low metastatic potential) and SW620 (high metastatic potential) cells. In addition, low glucose concentrations could reverse the effect of the HG concentration in SW480 and SW620 cells. In conclusion, our results provide new evidence for multiple signaling pathways being regulated through hyperglycemia in CRC. We propose that blood sugar control may serve as a potential strategy for the clinical management of CRC.
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Lee A, Jo S, Lee C, Shin HH, Kim TH, Ahn KJ, Park SK, Cho H, Yoon HK, Kim WG, Park J, Choi Y. Diabetes as a prognostic factor in HER-2 positive breast cancer patients treated with targeted therapy. Breast Cancer 2019; 26:672-680. [PMID: 30927244 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-00967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies revealed that metabolic stress influences the outcomes of breast cancer treatment. We sought to evaluate the prognostic effect of type 2 diabetes and find the molecular mechanism of relapses in postoperative HER-2+ breast cancer patients treated with HER-2 targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 190 HER-2+ breast cancer patients (pT1-4N0-2M0) who were treated with surgical resection and trastuzumab (HER-2 targeted therapy) between 2006 and 2015. Survival outcomes and failure patterns were compared between such patients with (n = 12) and without (n = 178) type 2 diabetes. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 42.4 months (range 12.0-124.7 months). Twenty-one patients (11.1%) showed relapse (including nine patients with locoregional failure), and three patients (1.6%) died as a result of cancer relapse. One-third of the patients with diabetes experienced relapse (4/12, 33.3%). The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 90.7% and 98.6%, respectively. Diabetic patients showed shorter DFS compared with non-diabetic patients (p = 0.006, 74.1% vs. 91.9%). OS was also shorter in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic patients (p = 0.017, 91.7% vs. 99.1%). Of our interest, the levels of HER-3 and its ligand neuregulin-1 were significantly increased in the tumor specimen in HER-2+ breast cancer patients suffering with type 2 diabetes than that in the euglycemic control group. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 diabetes was associated with detrimental effects on survival in postoperative HER-2+ breast cancer patients who were treated with trastuzumab. The poor prognostic effect of diabetes in HER-2+ breast cancer patients could be associated with the high levels of HER-3 and neuregulin 1, thus it should be considered and evaluated more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbok Lee
- Department of Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sunmi Jo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Changhu Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institutes of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institutes of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ki Jung Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sung-Kwang Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Heunglae Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institutes of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
| | - Yunseon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.
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17
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BREAST CANCER IN WOMEN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2019-2-68-30-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Matzinger M, Fischhuber K, Heiss EH. Activation of Nrf2 signaling by natural products-can it alleviate diabetes? Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1738-1767. [PMID: 29289692 PMCID: PMC5967606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has reached pandemic proportions and effective prevention strategies are wanted. Its onset is accompanied by cellular distress, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor boosting cytoprotective responses, and many phytochemicals activate Nrf2 signaling. Thus, Nrf2 activation by natural products could presumably alleviate DM. We summarize function, regulation and exogenous activation of Nrf2, as well as diabetes-linked and Nrf2-susceptible forms of cellular stress. The reported amelioration of insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and diabetic complications by activated Nrf2 as well as the status quo of Nrf2 in precision medicine for DM are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Matzinger
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Fischhuber
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Coviello JS. Cardiovascular and Cancer Risk: The Role of Cardio-oncology. J Adv Pract Oncol 2018; 9:160-176. [PMID: 30588351 PMCID: PMC6303003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-oncology is a subspecialty of cardiology. It was created to address oncology data indicating that newly developed drugs for cancer treatment were having unanticipated cardiac side effects. Cardio-oncology designs primary and secondary risk strategies through surveillance as well as interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk (CVR), prevent cardiotoxicities, and manage the side effects that may occur. Rather than discuss in detail the cardiotoxicities of specific therapies or radiation, this review article will explore the interplay of cancer, cancer treatment, and CVR. It will examine the link between CVR and cancer risk, define mechanisms associated with cardiotoxicity, and describe screening and surveillance for patients undergoing cancer treatment. Finally, effective preventative and management strategies used to reduce the incidence of cardiotoxicities in those receiving chemotherapeutics or radiation will be presented.
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20
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Capobianco E. Systems and precision medicine approaches to diabetes heterogeneity: a Big Data perspective. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:23. [PMID: 28744848 PMCID: PMC5526830 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Big Data, and in particular Electronic Health Records, provide the medical community with a great opportunity to analyze multiple pathological conditions at an unprecedented depth for many complex diseases, including diabetes. How can we infer on diabetes from large heterogeneous datasets? A possible solution is provided by invoking next-generation computational methods and data analytics tools within systems medicine approaches. By deciphering the multi-faceted complexity of biological systems, the potential of emerging diagnostic tools and therapeutic functions can be ultimately revealed. In diabetes, a multidimensional approach to data analysis is needed to better understand the disease conditions, trajectories and the associated comorbidities. Elucidation of multidimensionality comes from the analysis of factors such as disease phenotypes, marker types, and biological motifs while seeking to make use of multiple levels of information including genetics, omics, clinical data, and environmental and lifestyle factors. Examining the synergy between multiple dimensions represents a challenge. In such regard, the role of Big Data fuels the rise of Precision Medicine by allowing an increasing number of descriptions to be captured from individuals. Thus, data curations and analyses should be designed to deliver highly accurate predicted risk profiles and treatment recommendations. It is important to establish linkages between systems and precision medicine in order to translate their principles into clinical practice. Equivalently, to realize their full potential, the involved multiple dimensions must be able to process information ensuring inter-exchange, reducing ambiguities and redundancies, and ultimately improving health care solutions by introducing clinical decision support systems focused on reclassified phenotypes (or digital biomarkers) and community-driven patient stratifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Capobianco
- Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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21
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Voutsadakis IA. Obesity and diabetes as prognostic factors in patients with colorectal cancer. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S109-S114. [PMID: 27989518 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most prevalent cancer types for both men and women. Prognosis of the disease is mostly defined by the stage. Localized disease has a better prognosis especially in earlier stages I and II. In addition most patients with more advanced localized stage III disease are expected to survive with a combination of surgery and adjuvant treatments. Progress in treatment of metastatic disease has led to median survivals exceeding 2 years and a minority of oligometastatic patients may survive even longer or be cured with multimodality therapy. Besides stage of the disease few prognostic factors are available to guide informative discussions with patients or guide therapeutic decisions. One area of research that may provide information in this direction is comorbidity conditions of the metabolic syndrome spectrum. Despite a significant body of literature investigating elements of the metabolic syndrome such as obesity and diabetes in isolation as risk and prognostic factors in colorectal cancer, a more restricted amount of research is dealing with the combination of these two factors as prognosticators of colorectal cancer. This paper will discuss published data on these factors and specifically their combination in the prognosis of colorectal cancer and will address some of their pathogenesis and therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada; Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
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22
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Tanaka T, Kawabata K, Sugie S. 4-Nitroquinoline 1-Oxide-Induced Tongue and Esophagus Carcinogenesis in Obese and Diabetic TSOD Mice. World J Oncol 2017; 8:97-104. [PMID: 29147443 PMCID: PMC5650005 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1038w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and diabetes mellitus are associated with lifestyle-related carcinogenesis. They are also risk factors of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but there are only a few reports on association between obesity/diabetes and development of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity and esophagus. In this study, we therefore aimed to determine whether obesity and diabetes affect oral and esophageal carcinogenesis using model mice of obesity and diabetes, the Tsumura Suzuki obese diabetes (TSOD) and Tsumura Suzuki non-obesity (TSNO) control mice, which were treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) to produce tongue and esophageal carcinomas. Methods We used 28 each of the male TSOD and TSNO mice of 8 weeks of age. They were divided into the 4-NQO-treated group (n = 20) and untreated group (n = 8). 4-NQO was administered to mice in drinking water at a dose level of 20 ppm for 8 weeks. The untreated group was given distilled water without 4-NQO. At 28 experimental weeks, histopathological examination was performed on all organs including tongue and esophagus. We performed analysis of histopathology of all organs which included buccal capsule (a tongue)/esophagus after an experiment start in 28 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid parameters including total cholesterol (T-Cho), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol were measured and all these parameters were compared between the two genotypes. Also, mRNA expression of eight cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-γ, keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the esophageal mucosa was assayed. Results 4-NQO treatment produced proliferative squamous cell lesions (dysplasia, papilloma and carcinoma) in the tongue and esophagus of both the TSOD and TSNO mice. The incidence and multiplicity of tongue tumors were 30% and 0.45 ± 0.83 in the TSOD mice and 30% and 0.40 ± 0.68 in the TSNO mice. The incidence and multiplicity of esophageal tumors were 70% and 2.25 ± 2.29 in the TSOD mice and 30% and 0.60 ± 1.14 (P < 0.01) in the TSNO mice. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the obese and diabetic TSOD mice were susceptible to 4-NQO-induced esophageal carcinogenesis, suggesting risk factors of obese and diabetes for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Additionally, the TSOD mice were useful as esophagus carcinogenic model. Our study first reported that 4-NQO induced esophageal cancer in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) & Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu City, Gifu 500-8513, Japan.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kawabata
- Palliative Care Center, Tokai Central Hospital, 4-6-2 Sohara-Higashijima-cho, Kakamigahara 504-8601, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Sugie
- Department of Pathology, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, School of Dentistry, 3-23 Hashimoto-cho, Gifu City, Gifu 500-8523, Japan
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23
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Is there an Association between ß-Cell Function and Cancer Risk? EBioMedicine 2017; 22:24-25. [PMID: 28711482 PMCID: PMC5552204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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24
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Zhuang S, Jian YM, Sun YN. Inhibition of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced gastric tumorigenesis by Liuwei Dihuang Pill in db/db mice. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4233-4242. [PMID: 28694663 PMCID: PMC5483497 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i23.4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pill (LDP) on gastric tumorigenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in diabetic mice.
METHODS Four-week-old mice were divided into four groups: A, 12 db/m mice treated with MNU and saline, as the non-diabetic control; B, 12 db/db mice treated with MNU and saline, as the diabetic control; C, 12 db/db mice treated with MNU and metformin, as the positive control; and D, 12 db/db mice treated with MNU and LDP. MNU was administrated for 20 wk to induce gastric carcinogenesis. LDP was administrated for 10 wk for improvement of insulin resistance. Body weight and food intake were measured every week. Blood samples were collected for assays of fasting blood glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, adiponectin and leptin. Stomach tissues were collected for histopathological analysis, immunohistochemical staining of Ki67, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.
RESULTS The incidence of MNU-induced gastric dysplasia was significantly elevated in diabetic (db/db) mice relative to the control (db/m) mice. The incidence of gastric dysplasia was significantly reduced by LDP with suppression of cell proliferation, as demonstrated by a decrease in Ki67 staining. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and serum IGF-1 were inhibited by LDP. Expression of IGF-1 and insulin receptor mRNAs was decreased, phosphorylation of IGF-1 receptor and AKT protein was reduced in the stomach tissues by LDP. In addition, adiponectin was increased and leptin was decreased in the serum by LDP.
CONCLUSION LDP decreased risk of gastric dysplasia in type 2 diabetic mice by down-regulation of IGF and insulin activity and correction of adipokines disorders.
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25
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Vaiserman AM, Lushchak OV, Koliada AK. Anti-aging pharmacology: Promises and pitfalls. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 31:9-35. [PMID: 27524412 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has grown dramatically in modern times. This increase, however, is not accompanied by the same increase in healthspan. Efforts to extend healthspan through pharmacological agents targeting aging-related pathological changes are now in the spotlight of geroscience, the main idea of which is that delaying of aging is far more effective than preventing the particular chronic disorders. Currently, anti-aging pharmacology is a rapidly developing discipline. It is a preventive field of health care, as opposed to conventional medicine which focuses on treating symptoms rather than root causes of illness. A number of pharmacological agents targeting basic aging pathways (i.e., calorie restriction mimetics, autophagy inducers, senolytics etc.) are now under investigation. This review summarizes the literature related to advances, perspectives and challenges in the field of anti-aging pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleh V Lushchak
- Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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26
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Tracz AF, Szczylik C, Porta C, Czarnecka AM. Insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:453. [PMID: 27405474 PMCID: PMC4942928 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence is highest in highly developed countries and it is the seventh most common neoplasm diagnosed. RCC management include nephrectomy and targeted therapies. Type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) pathway plays an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance. IGF-1 and insulin share overlapping downstream signaling pathways in normal and cancer cells. IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) stimulation may promote malignant transformation promoting cell proliferation, dedifferentiation and inhibiting apoptosis. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients with IGF1R overexpression have 70 % increased risk of death compared to patients who had tumors without IGF1R expression. IGF1R signaling deregulation may results in p53, WT, BRCA1, VHL loss of function. RCC cells with high expression of IGF1R are more resistant to chemotherapy than cells with low expression. Silencing of IGF1R increase the chemosensitivity of ccRCC cells and the effect is greater in VHL mutated cells. Understanding the role of IGF-1 signaling pathway in RCC may result in development of new targeted therapeutic interventions. First preclinical attempts with anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibodies or fragment antigen-binding (Fab) fragments alone or in combination with an mTOR inhibitor were shown to inhibit in vitro growth and reduced the number of colonies formed by of RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Tracz
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,First Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Camillo Porta
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
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27
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Nurwidya F, Andarini S, Takahashi F, Syahruddin E, Takahashi K. Implications of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Activation in Lung Cancer. Malays J Med Sci 2016; 23:9-21. [PMID: 27418865 PMCID: PMC4934714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) has been intensively investigated in many preclinical studies using cell lines and animal models, and the results have provided important knowledge to help improve the understanding of cancer biology. IGF1R is highly expressed in patients with lung cancer, and high levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), the main ligand for IGF1R, increases the risk of developing lung malignancy in the future. Several phase I clinical trials have supported the potential use of an IGF1R-targeted strategy for cancer, including lung cancer. However, the negative results from phase III studies need further attention, especially in selecting patients with specific molecular signatures, who will gain benefits from IGF1R inhibitors with minimal side effects. This review will discuss the basic concept of IGF1R in lung cancer biology, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction and cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance, and also the clinical implications of IGF1R for lung cancer patients, such as prognostic value and cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariz Nurwidya
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jalan Persahabatan Raya No.1, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sita Andarini
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jalan Persahabatan Raya No.1, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Fumiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Elisna Syahruddin
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, University of Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Persahabatan Hospital, Jalan Persahabatan Raya No.1, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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28
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[Insulin therapy of diabetes]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016; 128 Suppl 2:S54-61. [PMID: 27052221 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Thus, reaching treatment targets with regard to control of glycemia is a central goal in the therapy of diabetic patients. The present article represents the recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association for the practical use of insulin according to current scientific evidence and clinical studies.
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Hernandez AV, Pasupuleti V, Benites-Zapata VA, Thota P, Deshpande A, Perez-Lopez FR. Insulin resistance and endometrial cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:2747-58. [PMID: 26597445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM It has been suggested that chronic hyperinsulinemia from insulin resistance is involved in the etiology of endometrial cancer (EC). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether insulin resistance is associated with the risk of EC. METHODS We searched PubMed-Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published from database inception through 30th September 2014. We included all observational studies evaluating components defining insulin resistance in women with and without EC. Quality of the included studies was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Random-effects models and inverse variance method were used to meta-analyze the association between insulin resistance components and EC. RESULTS Twenty-five studies satisfied our inclusion criteria. Fasting insulin levels (13 studies, n = 4088) were higher in women with EC (mean difference [MD] 33.94 pmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] 15.04-52.85, p = 0.0004). No differences were seen in postmenopausal versus pre- and postmenopausal subgroup analysis. Similarly, non-fasting/fasting C-peptide levels (five studies, n = 1938) were also higher in women with EC (MD 0.14 nmol/L, 95% CI 0.08-0.21, p < 0.00001). Homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values (six studies, n = 1859) in EC patients were significantly higher than in women without EC (MD 1.13, 95% CI 0.20-2.06, p = 0.02). There was moderate-to-high heterogeneity among the included studies. CONCLUSION Currently available epidemiologic evidence is suggestive of significantly higher risk of EC in women with high fasting insulin, non-fasting/fasting C-peptide and HOMA-IR values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian V Hernandez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima 9, Peru; Health Outcomes and Clinical Epidemiology Section, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195 USA.
| | - Vinay Pasupuleti
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA.
| | - Vicente A Benites-Zapata
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Postgraduate Section, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima 12, Peru.
| | - Priyaleela Thota
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA.
| | - Abhishek Deshpande
- Medicine Institute Center for Value Based Care Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195 USA.
| | - Faustino R Perez-Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Zaragoza Faculty of Medicine and Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
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