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Flores-Ramírez AG, Tovar-Villegas VI, Maharaj A, Garay-Sevilla ME, Figueroa A. Effects of L-Citrulline Supplementation and Aerobic Training on Vascular Function in Individuals with Obesity across the Lifespan. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092991. [PMID: 34578869 PMCID: PMC8466140 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with obesity are at higher risk for developing cardiometabolic diseases that once were considered health conditions of adults. Obesity is commonly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertension that contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, precedes vascular abnormalities including atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness. Thus, early detection and treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors are necessary to prevent deleterious vascular consequences of obesity at an early age. Non-pharmacological interventions including L-Citrulline (L-Cit) supplementation and aerobic training stimulate endothelial NO mediated vasodilation, leading to improvements in organ perfusion, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis and metabolic health (glucose control and lipid profile). Few studies suggest that the combination of L-Cit supplementation and exercise training can be an effective strategy to counteract the adverse effects of obesity on vascular function in older adults. Therefore, this review examined the efficacy of L-Cit supplementation and aerobic training interventions on vascular and metabolic parameters in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaisa Genoveva Flores-Ramírez
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Science, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León 37320, Mexico; (A.G.F.-R.); (V.I.T.-V.)
| | - Verónica Ivette Tovar-Villegas
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Science, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León 37320, Mexico; (A.G.F.-R.); (V.I.T.-V.)
| | - Arun Maharaj
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Ma Eugenia Garay-Sevilla
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Science, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León 37320, Mexico; (A.G.F.-R.); (V.I.T.-V.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.G.-S.); (A.F.)
| | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.E.G.-S.); (A.F.)
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Khoshhali M, Heidari-Beni M, Qorbani M, Motlagh ME, Ziaodini H, Heshmat R, Kelishadi R. Tri-ponderal mass index and body mass index in prediction of pediatric metabolic syndrome: the CASPIAN-V study. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2020; 64:171-178. [PMID: 32236304 PMCID: PMC10118948 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Body mass index (BMI) and tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) are anthropometric measures to evaluate body adiposity in the various age groups. The present study aims to compare the predictive value of TMI and BMI for metabolic syndrome (Mets) in children and adolescents of both genders. Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study conducted on 3731 Iranian children and adolescents aged 7-18 years obtained from the fifth survey of 'Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Disease' (CASPIAN-V) study. The predictive value of BMI and TMI for MetS were determined using Receiver-operator curves. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between these indices with MetS. Results 52.6% of participants were boys. The mean (standard deviations) age for boys and girls were 12.62 (3.02) and 12.25 (3.05) years, respectively. In boys, the area under the curve (AUC) of TMI was greater than BMI for all age groups. AUC of TMI was also greater than BMI for age group of 11-14 years (AUC = 0.74; 95% CI (0.67, 0.81)) in girls. Furthermore, our findings showed that odds ratio of Mets for TMI was greater than BMI in age groups of 11-14 years (OR = 1.33 vs 1.22) and 15-18 years (1.16 vs 1.15) in girls and boys, respectively. Conclusion TMI and BMI had moderate predictive value for identifying MetS. However, TMI was a better predictor of MetS than BMI in both genders, especially in age groups of 11-14 and 15-19 years for girls and boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Khoshhali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Ziaodini
- Health Psychology Research Center, Education Ministry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Jaksic M, Martinovic M, Gligorovic-Barhanovic N, Vujacic A, Djurovic D, Nedovic-Vukovic M. Association between inflammation, oxidative stress, vitamin D, copper and zinc with pre-obesity and obesity in school children from the city of Podgorica, Montenegro. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:951-957. [PMID: 31444965 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a serious health condition with increasing rates worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammation, oxidative stress, vitamin D, copper and zinc in pre-obese and obese children compared to controls. Methods The study involved 202 children aged 7-15 years (63.9% boys), randomly chosen from 10 elementary schools in Podgorica, Montenegro. Participants were divided into three groups according to their nutritional status (International Obesity Task Force [IOTF] criteria): normal-weight (42.1%), pre-obese (40.6%) and obese (17.3%). Serum biochemical analyses were performed (C-reactive protein [CRP], retinol-binding protein [RBP], total antioxidant status [TAS], total vitamin D [VD], copper and zinc). Results Serum TAS and CRP concentrations were higher in pre-obese and obese children compared to controls (p < 0.001). Serum VD concentrations were lower in pre-obese and obese children compared to their normal-weight peers (p = 0.027 and p = 0.054, respectively). Copper, zinc and RBP concentrations did not differ significantly among the groups (p > 0.05). In pre-obese and obese children, a positive correlation was found between CRP and copper (r = 0.305, p = 0.011 and r = 0.440, p = 0.013, respectively), and TAS and RBP (r = 0.528, p < 0.001 and r = 0.434, p = 0.015, respectively). Standard regression analyses showed that CRP and TAS increase (p < 0.001) whereas VD decreases (p = 0.011) with the body mass index (BMI). Conclusions We show that pre-obesity and obesity in childhood are positively associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, and inversely associated with VD status. Copper and zinc concentrations were not associated with excess fat in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Jaksic
- Institute for Children's Diseases, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Milica Martinovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Pathophysiology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | - Aleksandar Vujacic
- Center for Human Ecology, Department of Sanitary Chemistry, Institute of Public Health, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Dijana Djurovic
- Center for Human Ecology, Department of Sanitary Chemistry, Institute of Public Health, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Mirjana Nedovic-Vukovic
- Center for Health System Development, Department of Health Statistics and Informatics, Institute of Public Health, Podgorica, Montenegro
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Khoshhali M, Heshmat R, Esmaeil Motlagh M, Ziaodini H, Hadian M, Aminaei T, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Comparing the validity of continuous metabolic syndrome risk scores for predicting pediatric metabolic syndrome: the CASPIAN-V study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:383-389. [PMID: 30862761 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare the validity of various approaches to pediatric continuous metabolic syndrome (cMetS) scores including siMS scores (2 waist/height + fasting blood glucose [FBG]/5.6 + triglycerides [TG]/1.7 + systolic blood pressure [BP]/130 + high-density lipoprotein [HDL]/1.02), Z-scores, principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted on 4200 Iranian children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. The cMetS was computed using data on HDL, cholesterol, TGs, FBG, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and waist circumference (WC). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were used to compare the performances of different cMetS scores. Results Data of 3843 participants (52.4% boys) were available for the current study. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 12.6 (3) and 12.3 (3.1) years for boys and girls, respectively. The differences in AUC values of cMetS scores were significant based on the Delong method. The AUCs (95% confidence interval [CI]) were for Z-scores, 0.94 (0.93, 0.95); first PCA, 0.91 (0.89, 0.93); sum PCA, 0.90 (0.88, 0.92), CFA, 0.79 (0.76, 0.3) and also for siMS scores 1 to 3 as 0.93 (0.91, 0.94), 0.92 (0.90, 0.93), and 0.91 (0.90, 0.93), respectively. Conclusions The results of our study indicated that the validity of all approaches for cMetS scores for predicting MetS was high. Given that the siMS scores are simple and practical, it might be used in clinical and research practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Khoshhali
- Child Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Ziaodini
- Health Psychology Research Center, Education Ministry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hadian
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Aminaei
- Office of Adolescents and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Phone: +983137925281
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Al-Hamad D, Raman V. Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Transl Pediatr 2017; 6:397-407. [PMID: 29184820 PMCID: PMC5682379 DOI: 10.21037/tp.2017.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents is increasing, in parallel with the increasing trends in obesity rates. Varying definitions of this syndrome have hindered the development of a consensus for the diagnostic criteria in the pediatric population. While pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is not completely understood, insulin resistance and subsequent inflammation are thought to be among its main mechanistic underpinnings. Overweight and obesity are cardinal features, along with abnormal glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Other disorders associated with metabolic syndrome include fatty liver, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and pro-inflammatory states. Prevention and management of this condition can be accomplished with lifestyle modifications, behavioral interventions, pharmacological and surgical interventions as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Al-Hamad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Vandana Raman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Chen M, Yang F, Kang J, Gan H, Lai X, Gao Y. Metabolomic investigation into molecular mechanisms of a clinical herb prescription against metabolic syndrome by a systematic approach. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09779d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provided an effective and comprehensive approach for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of Mets and therapeutic mechanisms of WDD in treatment of Mets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Fafu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- China
| | - Jie Kang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fuzhou 350122
- China
| | - Huijuan Gan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fuzhou 350122
- China
| | - Xinmei Lai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fuzhou 350122
- China
| | - Yuxing Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- China
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Chen M, Yang F, Yang X, Lai X, Gao Y. Systematic Understanding of Mechanisms of a Chinese Herbal Formula in Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome by an Integrated Pharmacology Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122114. [PMID: 27999264 PMCID: PMC5187914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is becoming a worldwide health problem. Wendan decoction (WDD)—a famous traditional Chinese medicine formula—has been extensively employed to relieve syndromes related to MS in clinical practice in China. However, its pharmacological mechanisms still remain vague. In this study, a comprehensive approach that integrated chemomics, principal component analysis, molecular docking simulation, and network analysis was established to elucidate the multi-component and multi-target mechanism of action of WDD in treatment of MS. The compounds in WDD were found to possess chemical diversity, complexity and drug-likeness compared to MS drugs. Six nuclear receptors were obtained to have strong binding affinity with 217 compounds of five herbs in WDD. The importance roles of targets and herbs were also identified due to network parameters. Five compounds from Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata can hit all six targets, which can assist in screening new MS drugs. The pathway network analysis demonstrated that the main pharmacological effects of WDD might lie in maintaining lipid and glucose metabolisms and anticancer activities as well as immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects. This study provided a comprehensive system approach for understanding the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms of WDD during the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Fafu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Xuemei Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Xinmei Lai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Yuxing Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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