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Ping P, Yang T, Ning C, Zhao Q, Zhao Y, Yang T, Gao Z, Fu S. Chlorogenic acid attenuates cardiac hypertrophy via up-regulating Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor1 to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1580-1593. [PMID: 38369950 PMCID: PMC11098655 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac hypertrophy, an adaptive response of the heart to stress overload, is closely associated with heart failure and sudden cardiac death. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on cardiac hypertrophy and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS To simulate cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial cells were exposed to isoproterenol (ISO, 10 μM). A rat model of ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy was also established. The expression levels of cardiac hypertrophy markers, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers, and apoptosis markers were measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. The apoptosis level, size of myocardial cells, and heart tissue pathological changes were determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling staining, immunofluorescence staining, haematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson's staining. We found that CGA treatment decreased the size of ISO-treated H9c2 cells. Moreover, CGA inhibited ISO-induced up-regulation of cardiac hypertrophy markers (atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and β-myosin heavy chain), ERS markers (C/EBP homologous protein, glucose regulatory protein 78, and protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), and apoptosis markers (bax and cleaved caspase-12/9/3) but increased the expression of anti-apoptosis marker bcl-2 in a dose-dependent way (0, 10, 50, and 100 μM). Knockdown of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1pr1) reversed the protective effect of CGA on cardiac hypertrophy, ERS, and apoptosis in vitro (P < 0.05). CGA also restored ISO-induced inhibition on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signalling in H9c2 cells, while S1pr1 knockdown abolished these CGA-induced effects (P < 0.05). CGA (90 mg/kg/day, for six consecutive days) protected rats against cardiac hypertrophy in vivo (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CGA treatment attenuated ISO-induced ERS and cardiac hypertrophy by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway via modulation of S1pr1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ping
- General Station for Drug and Instrument Supervision and ControlJoint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Ting Yang
- Central LaboratoryHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
| | - Chaoxue Ning
- Central LaboratoryHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
| | - Qingkai Zhao
- Department of Health and MedicineHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central LaboratoryHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of OncologyHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
| | - Zhitao Gao
- School of Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Shihui Fu
- Department of CardiologyHainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaChina
- Department of Geriatric CardiologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
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Jiang W, Yan Z, Zheng X, Huang S, Hu Y, Xiong F, He B, Wu Y, Fu Q, Li Z, Zhou B. Targeting the Ferroptosis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling Pathways by CBX7 in Myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01324-7. [PMID: 38809351 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are common events in the process of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The suppression of chromobox7 (CBX7) has been reported to protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury, This research is purposed to expose the impacts and mechanism of CBX7 in myocardial IRI. CBX7 expression was detected using RT-qPCR and western blotting analysis. CCK-8 assay detected cell viability. Inflammatory response and oxidative stress were detected by ELISA, DCFH-DA probe and related assay kits. Flow cytometry analysis and caspase3 activity assay were used to detect cell apoptosis. C11-BODIPY 581/591 staining and ferro-orange staining were used to detect lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe2+ level, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis, ferroptosis and ERS. In the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model of rat cardiomyocytes H9c2, CBX7 was highly expressed. CBX7 interference significantly protected against inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, ferroptosis and ERS induced by H/R in H9c2 cells. Moreover, after the pretreatment with ferroptosis activator erastin or ERS agonist Tunicamycin (TM), the protective effects of CBX7 knockdown on the inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in H/R-induced H9c2 cells was partially abolished. To summarize, CBX7 down-regulation may exert anti-ferroptosis and anti-ERS activities to alleviate H/R-stimulated myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeyu Yan
- Department of Cardiology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueou Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Cardiology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengjuan Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Bufan He
- Department of Cardiology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingzhi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Baihua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, 518116, Guangdong, China.
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Xu H, Yu S, Lin C, Dong D, Xiao J, Ye Y, Wang M. Roles of flavonoids in ischemic heart disease: Cardioprotective effects and mechanisms against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155409. [PMID: 38342018 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are extensively present in fruits, vegetables, grains, and medicinal plants. Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R) comprise a sequence of detrimental incidents following myocardial ischemia. Research indicates that flavonoids have the potential to act as cardioprotective agents against MI/R injuries. Several specific flavonoids, e.g., luteolin, hesperidin, quercetin, kaempferol, and puerarin, have demonstrated cardioprotective activities in animal models. PURPOSE The objective of this review is to identify the cardioprotective flavonoids, investigate their mechanisms of action, and explore their application in myocardial ischemia. METHODS A search of PubMed database and Google Scholar was conducted using keywords "myocardial ischemia" and "flavonoids". Studies published within the last 10 years reporting on the cardioprotective effects of natural flavonoids on animal models were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 55 natural flavonoids were identified and discussed within this review. It can be summarized that flavonoids regulate the following main strategies: antioxidation, anti-inflammation, calcium modulation, mitochondrial protection, ER stress inhibition, anti-apoptosis, ferroptosis inhibition, autophagy modulation, and inhibition of adverse cardiac remodeling. Additionally, the number and position of OH, 3'4'-catechol, C2=C3, and C4=O may play a significant role in the cardioprotective activity of flavonoids. CONCLUSION This review serves as a reference for designing a daily diet to prevent or reduce damages following ischemia and screening of flavonoids for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 508060, PR China
| | - Shenglong Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, PR China
| | - Chunxi Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Dingjun Dong
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441000, PR China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense, Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Yanbin Ye
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 508060, PR China.
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Wang H, Slotabec L, Didik S, Li Z, Leng L, Zhao B, Bucala R, Li J. A small molecule macrophage migration inhibitory factor agonist ameliorates age-related myocardial intolerance to ischemia-reperfusion insults via metabolic regulation. Metabolism 2024; 153:155792. [PMID: 38232801 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an innate cytokine that regulates both inflammatory and homeostatic responses. MIF is expressed by cardiomyocytes, where it exerts a protective action against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This effect is attenuated in the senescent heart due to an intrinsic, age-related reduction in MIF expression. We hypothesized that treating the aged heart with the small molecule MIF agonist (MIF20) can reinforce protective MIF signaling in cardiomyocytes, leading to a beneficial effect against I/R stress. The administration of MIF20 at the onset of reperfusion was found to not only decrease myocardial infarct size but also preserves systolic function in the aged heart. Protection from I/R injury was reduced in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific Mif deletion, consistent with the mechanism of action of MIF20 to allosterically increase MIF affinity for its cognate receptor CD74. We further found MIF20 to contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial fitness and to preserve the contractile properties of aged cardiomyocytes under hypoxia/reoxygenation. MIF20 augments protective metabolic responses by reducing the NADH/NAD ratio, leading to a decrease in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aged myocardium under I/R stress. We also identify alterations in the expression levels of the downstream effectors PDK4 and LCAD, which participate in the remodeling of the cardiac metabolic profile. Data from this study demonstrates that pharmacologic augmentation of MIF signaling provides beneficial homeostatic actions on senescent myocardium under I/R stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America
| | - Lily Slotabec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America
| | - Steven Didik
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, FL 33612, United States of America
| | - Zehui Li
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, FL 33612, United States of America
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
| | - Bi Zhao
- Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America.
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America; G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America.
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5
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Mainali N, Li X, Wang X, Balasubramaniam M, Ganne A, Kore R, Shmookler Reis RJ, Mehta JL, Ayyadevara S. Myocardial infarction elevates endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein aggregation in heart as well as brain. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04856-3. [PMID: 37922111 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), constitute the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Protein-aggregate deposition is a hallmark of aging and neurodegeneration. Our previous study reported that aggregation is strikingly elevated in hearts of hypertensive and aged mice; however, no prior study has addressed MI effects on aggregation in heart or brain. Here, we present novel data on heart and brain aggregation in mice following experimental MI, induced by left coronary artery (LCA) ligation. Infarcted and peri-infarcted heart tissue, and whole cerebra, were isolated from mice at sacrifice, 7 days following LCA ligation. Sham-MI mice (identical surgery without ligation) served as controls. We purified detergent-insoluble aggregates from these tissues, and quantified key protein constituents by high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Infarct heart tissue had 2.5- to 10-fold more aggregates than non-infarct or sham-MI heart tissue (each P = 0.001). Protein constituents from MI cerebral aggregates overlapped substantially with those from human Alzheimer's disease brain. Prior injection of mice with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes, shown to limit infarct size after LCA ligation, reduced cardiac aggregation ~ 60%, and attenuated markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in heart and brain (GRP78, ATF6, P-PERK) by 50-75%. MI also elevated aggregate constituents enriched in Alzheimer's disease (AD) aggregates, such as proteasomal subunits, heat-shock proteins, complement C3, clusterin/ApoJ, and other apolipoproteins. These data provide novel evidence that aggregation is elevated in mouse hearts and brains after myocardial ischemia, leading to cognitive impairment resembling AD, but can be attenuated by exosomes or drug (CDN1163) interventions that oppose ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirjal Mainali
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | | | - Akshatha Ganne
- Department of Geriatrics and Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Rajshekhar Kore
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Robert J Shmookler Reis
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
- Department of Geriatrics and Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Srinivas Ayyadevara
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
- Department of Geriatrics and Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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Tang S, Wu X, Dai Q, Li Z, Yang S, Liu Y, Yi B, Wang J, Liao Q, Zhang W, Zhang H. Vitamin D receptor attenuate ischemia-reperfusion kidney injury via inhibiting ATF4. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:158. [PMID: 37173347 PMCID: PMC10182024 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is one of the key effectors of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), ATF4/CHOP pathway-mediated ERS plays an important role in the progression of acute kidney disease (AKI). We have previously reported that Vitamin D receptor (VDR) exert renoprotection in rodent AKI models. However, whether ATF4, as well as ERS, is involved in the protective effect of VDR in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced AKI is unknown. Herein, we showed that VDR agonist paricalcitol and VDR overexpression alleviated I/R-induced renal injury and cells apoptosis with decreased ATF4 and attenuated ERS, while VDR deletion significantly resulted in further increased ATF4, more drastic ERS and renal injury in I/R mice models. In addition, paricalcitol remarkably reduced Tunicamycin (TM) induced ATF4 and ERS with attenuated renal injury, while VDR deletion aggravated the above changes in TM mice models. Moreover, overexpression of ATF4 partially abolished the effect of paricalcitol against TM-induced ERS and apoptosis, while inhibition of ATF4 enhanced the protective effect of paricalcitol. Bioinformatics analysis indicated potential VDR binding sites on ATF4 promotor sequence which were further confirmed by ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. In conclusion, VDR attenuated I/R-induced AKI by suppressing ERS partly via transcriptional regulation of ATF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qing Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Qin Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Xiong Y, Leng Y, Li W, Li W, Tian H, Tao J, Chen R, Xia Z. Nogo-A Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress During Myocardial Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023; 23:147-160. [PMID: 36964845 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Among the three isoforms encoded by neurite outgrowth inhibitor proteins has been intensely investigated as a central nervous system inhibitor. Although neurite outgrowth inhibitor protein-A (Nogo-A) expression is increased in plasma of patients who have experienced a coronary heart disease, its role in heart disease is not well elucidated. In this study, we discovered a significant increase in Nogo-A expression in diabetic myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MI/R) injury conditions. Accelerated Nogo-A and MI/R injury in diabetic rats was attenuated by tauroursodeoxycholic acid treatment and knockdown of Nogo-A per se is sufficient to decrease endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as well as prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We hypothesized that decreased Nogo-A levels might reducing diabetic MI/R injury. Nogo-A interacted with C/EBP homologous protein, suggesting a role for Nogo-A in ER stress during diabetic MI/R. In conclusion, Nogo-A mediated ER stress plays a major role in diabetic MI/R injury, and pathologically altered Nogo-A expression mediates diabetic MI/R injury, suggesting Nogo-A as a novel target for the treatment of diabetic MI/R injury in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Leng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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8
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Notoginsenoside R1 protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice via suppressing TAK1-JNK/p38 signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023:10.1038/s41401-023-01057-y. [PMID: 36721009 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show that notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1), a novel saponin isolated from Panax notoginseng, protects kidney, intestine, lung, brain and heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study we investigated the cardioprotective mechanisms of NG-R1 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in vivo and in vitro. MI/R injury was induced in mice by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 4 h reperfusion. The mice were treated with NG-R1 (25 mg/kg, i.p.) every 2 h for 3 times starting 30 min prior to ischemic surgery. We showed that NG-R1 administration significantly decreased the myocardial infarction area, alleviated myocardial cell damage and improved cardiac function in MI/R mice. In murine neonatal cardiomyocytes (CMs) subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro, pretreatment with NG-R1 (25 μM) significantly inhibited apoptosis. We revealed that NG-R1 suppressed the phosphorylation of transforming growth factor β-activated protein kinase 1 (TAK1), JNK and p38 in vivo and in vitro. Pretreatment with JNK agonist anisomycin or p38 agonist P79350 partially abolished the protective effects of NG-R1 in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of TAK1 greatly ameliorated H/R-induced apoptosis of CMs, and NG-R1 pretreatment did not provide further protection in TAK1-silenced CMs under H/R injury. Overexpression of TAK1 abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of NG-R1 and diminished the inhibition of NG-R1 on JNK/p38 signaling in MI/R mice as well as in H/R-treated CMs. Collectively, NG-R1 alleviates MI/R injury by suppressing the activity of TAK1, subsequently inhibiting JNK/p38 signaling and attenuating cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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9
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Chen J, Huang Q, Li J, Yao Y, Sun W, Zhang Z, Qi H, Chen Z, Liu J, Zhao D, Mi J, Li X. Panax ginseng against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: A review of preclinical evidence and potential mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115715. [PMID: 36108895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (P. ginseng) is effective in the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mechanism by which P. ginseng exerts cardioprotective effects is complex. P. ginseng contains many pharmacologically active ingredients, such as molecular glycosides, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. P. ginseng and each of its active components can potentially act against myocardial I/R injury. Myocardial I/R was originally a treatment for myocardial ischemia, but it also induced irreversible damage, including oxygen-containing free radicals, calcium overload, energy metabolism disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, microvascular injury, autophagy, and apoptosis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to clarify the protective effects of P. ginseng and its active ingredients against myocardial I/R injury, so as to provide experimental evidence and new insights for the research and application of P. ginseng in the field of myocardial I/R injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review was based on a search of PubMed, NCBI, Embase, and Web of Science databases from their inception to February 21, 2022, using terms such as "ginseng," "ginsenosides," and "myocardial reperfusion injury." In this review, we first summarized the active ingredients of P. ginseng, including ginsenosides, ginseng polysaccharides, and phytosterols, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial I/R injury. Importantly, preclinical models with myocardial I/R injury and potential mechanisms of these active ingredients of P. ginseng for the prevention and treatment of myocardial disorders were generally summarized. RESULTS P. ginseng and its active components can regulate oxidative stress related proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis factors, while protecting the myocardium and preventing myocardial I/R injury. Therefore, P. ginseng can play a role in the prevention and treatment of myocardial I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS P. ginseng has a certain curative effect on myocardial I/R injury. It can prevent and treat myocardial I/R injury in several ways. When ginseng exerts its effects, should be based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and with the help of modern medicine; the clinical efficacy of P. ginseng in preventing and treating myocardial I/R injury can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Weichen Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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10
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Mengstie MA, Abebe EC, Teklemariam AB, Mulu AT, Teshome AA, Zewde EA, Muche ZT, Azezew MT. Molecular and cellular mechanisms in diabetic heart failure: Potential therapeutic targets. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:947294. [PMID: 36120460 PMCID: PMC9478122 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.947294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a worldwide health issue that can lead to a variety of complications. DM is a serious metabolic disorder that causes long-term microvascular and macro-vascular complications, as well as the failure of various organ systems. Diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including heart failure cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Concurrent hypertensive heart disease and/or coronary artery disease have been thought to be the causes of diabetic heart failure in DM patients. However, heart failure is extremely common in DM patients even in the absence of other risk factors such as coronary artery disease and hypertension. The occurrence of diabetes-induced heart failure has recently received a lot of attention. Understanding how diabetes increases the risk of heart failure and how it mediates major cellular and molecular alteration will aid in the development of therapeutics to prevent these changes. Hence, this review aimed to summarize the current knowledge and most recent findings in cellular and molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misganaw Asmamaw Mengstie
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Awgichew Behaile Teklemariam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Anemut Tilahun Mulu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Agegnehu Teshome
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Edgeit Abebe Zewde
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Tilahun Muche
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Teshome Azezew
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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11
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Cardiac-specific overexpression of Claudin-5 exerts protection against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166535. [PMID: 36058416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Claudin-5 has recently attracted increasing attention by its potential as a novel treatment target in the early stage of heart failure. However, whether Claudin-5 produces beneficial effects on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury has not been elucidated yet. In this study, we identified reduced levels of Claudin-5 in the hearts of mice subjected to acute myocardial IR injury and murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation (HR). We then constructed cardiac-specific Cldn5-overexpressing mice using an adeno-associated virus (AAV9) vector and demonstrated that Cldn5 overexpression ameliorated cardiac dysfunction and myocardial damage in mice subjected to myocardial IR injury. Moreover, Cldn5 overexpression attenuated myocardial oxidative stress (DHE and protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1), inflammatory response (levels of MPO, F4/80, Ly6C, and circulating inflammatory cells), mitochondrial dysfunction (protein levels of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM), endoplasmic reticulum stress (protein levels of GRP78, ATF6, and CHOP and p-PERK), energy metabolism disorder (p-AMPK and ACC), and apoptosis (TUNEL assay and protein levels of Bax and Bcl2) in mice subjected to myocardial IR. Next, we generated Cldn5 knockdown cells by lentiviral shRNA and observed that Cldn5 knockdown inhibited cell viability and affected the expression or activation of these IR-related signalings in HL-1 cardiomyocytes subjected to HR. Mechanistically, SIRT1 was proved to be involved in regulating the expression of Claudin-5 by co-immunoprecipitation analysis and Sirt1 knockdown experiments. Our data demonstrated that targeting Claudin-5 may represent a promising approach for preventing and treating acute myocardial IR injury.
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Cincotta AH, Cersosimo E, Alatrach M, Ezrokhi M, Agyin C, Adams J, Chilton R, Triplitt C, Chamarthi B, Cominos N, DeFronzo RA. Bromocriptine-QR Therapy Reduces Sympathetic Tone and Ameliorates a Pro-Oxidative/Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Plasma of Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168851. [PMID: 36012132 PMCID: PMC9407769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromocriptine-QR is a sympatholytic dopamine D2 agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that has demonstrated rapid (within 1 year) substantial reductions in adverse cardiovascular events in this population by as yet incompletely delineated mechanisms. However, a chronic state of elevated sympathetic nervous system activity and central hypodopaminergic function has been demonstrated to potentiate an immune system pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory condition and this immune phenotype is known to contribute significantly to the advancement of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the possibility exists that bromocriptine-QR therapy may reduce adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes subjects via attenuation of this underlying chronic pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory state. The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of bromocriptine-QR on a wide range of immune pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory biochemical pathways and genes known to be operative in the genesis and progression of CVD. Inflammatory peripheral blood mononuclear cell biology is both a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease and also a marker of the body’s systemic pro-inflammatory status. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 4-month circadian-timed (within 2 h of waking in the morning) bromocriptine-QR therapy (3.2 mg/day) in type 2 diabetes subjects whose glycemia was not optimally controlled on the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist on (i) gene expression status (via qPCR) of a wide array of mononuclear cell pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory genes known to participate in the genesis and progression of CVD (OXR1, NRF2, NQO1, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GSR, GPX1, GPX4, GCH1, HMOX1, BiP, EIF2α, ATF4, PERK, XBP1, ATF6, CHOP, GSK3β, NFkB, TXNIP, PIN1, BECN1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR10, MAPK8, NLRP3, CCR2, GCR, L-selectin, VCAM1, ICAM1) and (ii) humoral measures of sympathetic tone (norepinephrine and normetanephrine), whole-body oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine, TBARS), and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, prolactin, C-reactive protein [CRP]). Relative to pre-treatment status, 4 months of bromocriptine-QR therapy resulted in significant reductions of mRNA levels in PBMC endoplasmic reticulum stress-unfolded protein response effectors [GRP78/BiP (34%), EIF2α (32%), ATF4 (29%), XBP1 (25%), PIN1 (14%), BECN1 (23%)], oxidative stress response proteins [OXR1 (31%), NRF2 (32%), NQO1 (39%), SOD1 (52%), CAT (26%), GPX1 (33%), GPX4 (31%), GCH1 (30%), HMOX1 (40%)], mRNA levels of TLR pro-inflammatory pathway proteins [TLR2 (46%), TLR4 (20%), GSK3β (19%), NFkB (33%), TXNIP (18%), NLRP3 (32%), CCR2 (24%), GCR (28%)], mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cellular receptor proteins CCR2 and GCR by 24% and 28%, and adhesion molecule proteins L-selectin (35%) and VCAM1 (24%). Relative to baseline, bromocriptine-QR therapy also significantly reduced plasma levels of norepinephrine and normetanephrine by 33% and 22%, respectively, plasma pro-oxidative markers nitrotyrosine and TBARS by 13% and 10%, respectively, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-18, MCP1, IL-1β, prolactin, and CRP by 21%,13%, 12%, 42%, and 45%, respectively. These findings suggest a unique role for circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR sympatholytic dopamine agonist therapy in reducing systemic low-grade sterile inflammation to thereby reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Cincotta
- VeroScience LLC, Tiverton, RI 02878, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-816-0525
| | - Eugenio Cersosimo
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mariam Alatrach
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Christina Agyin
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John Adams
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Robert Chilton
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Curtis Triplitt
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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13
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Tungalag T, Park KW, Yang DK. Butein Ameliorates Oxidative Stress in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts through Activation of the NRF2 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081430. [PMID: 35892632 PMCID: PMC9331242 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the antioxidant defense system, contributes to the pathogenesis of many heart diseases. Therefore, oxidative stress has been highlighted as a therapeutic target for heart disease treatment. Butein, a tetrahydroxychalcone, has potential biological activities, especially antioxidant properties. However, the effect of butein on oxidative-stressed heart cells has been poorly studied. Thus, we sought to identify the antioxidant effects of butein in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. To elucidate these antioxidant effects, various concentrations of butein were used to pretreat H9c2 cells prior to H2O2 treatment. Thereafter, measures of oxidative damages, such as ROS production, antioxidant expression levels, and apoptosis, were evaluated. Butein effectively increased cell viability and rescued the cells from oxidative damage through the inhibition of ROS production, apoptosis, and increased antioxidant expression. Furthermore, butein dramatically inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which are the main ROS inducers. Nrf2 protein translocated from the cytosol to the nucleus and consequently activated its target genes as oxidative stress suppressors. These findings demonstrate that butein has potential antioxidant effects in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, suggesting that it could be used as a therapeutic substance for the treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsendsuren Tungalag
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Food Clinical Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.W.P.); (D.K.Y.)
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.W.P.); (D.K.Y.)
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14
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Dysfunction and Subcellular Defects Due to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071473. [PMID: 35884777 PMCID: PMC9313001 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is well-known to be associated with impaired cardiac function, massive arrhythmias, marked alterations in cardiac metabolism and irreversible ultrastructural changes in the heart. Two major mechanisms namely oxidative stress and intracellular Ca2+-overload are considered to explain I/R-induced injury to the heart. However, it is becoming apparent that oxidative stress is the most critical pathogenic factor because it produces myocardial abnormalities directly or indirectly for the occurrence of cardiac damage. Furthermore, I/R injury has been shown to generate oxidative stress by promoting the formation of different reactive oxygen species due to defects in mitochondrial function and depressions in both endogenous antioxidant levels as well as regulatory antioxidative defense systems. It has also been demonstrated to adversely affect a wide variety of metabolic pathways and targets in cardiomyocytes, various resident structures in myocardial interstitium, as well as circulating neutrophils and leukocytes. These I/R-induced alterations in addition to myocardial inflammation may cause cell death, fibrosis, inflammation, Ca2+-handling abnormalities, activation of proteases and phospholipases, as well as subcellular remodeling and depletion of energy stores in the heart. Analysis of results from isolated hearts perfused with or without some antioxidant treatments before subjecting to I/R injury has indicated that cardiac dysfunction is associated with the development of oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+-overload and protease activation. In addition, changes in the sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-handling, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as well as myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase activities in I/R hearts were attenuated by pretreatment with antioxidants. The I/R-induced alterations in cardiac function were simulated upon perfusing the hearts with oxyradical generating system or oxidant. These observations support the view that oxidative stress may be intimately involved in inducing intracellular Ca2+-overload, protease activation, subcellular remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction as a consequence of I/R injury to the heart.
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15
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Tao W, Li L, Hu J, Xu S, Wang B, Ding J, Zhang M, Meng X, Wei X, Shan X, Peng K, Liu H, Ji F. Interaction between COX-2 and ER stress is involved in the apoptosis-induced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:3360-3371. [PMID: 35702111 PMCID: PMC9185046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptosis induced by excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is accompanied by the occurrence and progression of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. COX-2 is also known to affect the development of I/R damage in myocardium. However, the interaction between COX-2 and ER stress in aggravating myocardial I/R lesion is not well characterized. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to explore the interaction between COX-2 and ER stress on myocardial apoptosis. METHODS The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was ligatured with a 6-0# suture for 0.5 hours and subsequently subjected to reperfusion for 3 hours to simulate myocardial I/R in mice. Oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was performed on H9c2 cells to construct an in vitro model of this experiment. NS398 (COX-2 specific inhibitor) and Salubrinal (Sal, ER stress inhibitor) were administered to assess the function of COX-2 and ER stress in myocardial I/R impairment. CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the viability of H9c2 cells under different treatment conditions. TUNEL and Hoechst staining were used to detect the occurrence of apoptosis. Infarct area/area at risk and Hematoxylin-eosin stained sections were assessed after I/R. Protein expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), COX-2, phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (p-eIF2α), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and Cleaved caspase 3 in the myocardium were examined using Western blotting. Changes in Cleaved caspase 3 expression in myocardial slices were measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Sal or NS398 partly reduced I/R-induced damage as testified by the apparent decrease in infarct size after I/R and reduced cell viability following OGD/R. Sal distinctly increased p-eIF2α, but caused decreased expression of COX-2, Cleaved caspase 3, and ER stress-associated proteins after I/R, suggesting that Sal effectively inhibited ER stress, apoptosis, and COX-2. Pretreatment with NS398 blocked I/R or OGD/R-induced upregulation of COX-2, Cleaved caspase 3, and ER stress-related marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS Interaction of COX-2 and ER stress regulates apoptosis and contributes to Myocardial lesion induced by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junkai Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shangxian Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xisheng Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huayue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Li Z, Zhao J, Li H, Li Y, Lin C. Catalpol protects AC16 cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by regulating the miR-22-3p/DPP4 axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23034. [PMID: 35307895 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Catalpol (CA) is widely used in the protection of cardiomyocytes. Nevertheless, the mechanism of CA in alleviating ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury of cardiomyocytes remains unclear. Human cardiomyocyte AC16 cells were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were applied to detect tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA, interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA, interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) mRNA, microRNA-22-3p (miR-22-3p), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) mRNA, and DPP4 protein expressions. The cell viability and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK-MB) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to confirm the binding sequence between miR-22-3p and DPP4 mRNA 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR). CA promoted the viability and reduced cell apoptosis of AC16 cells and repressed the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inhibited the leakage of myocardial injury markers LDH and CK-MB. Furthermore, CA enhanced the expression of miR-22-3p in cardiomyocytes, and DPP4 was validated to be the target gene of miR-22-3p. The inhibition of miR-22-3p and augmentation of DPP4 reversed the above effects of CA. CA protects A16 cells from H/R injury by regulating the miR-22-3p/DPP4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (Luwan Branch), Shanghai, China
| | - Jianrong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (Luwan Branch), Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (Luwan Branch), Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (Luwan Branch), Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (Luwan Branch), Shanghai, China
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Marzoog BA, Vlasova TI. Myocardiocyte autophagy in the context of myocardiocytes regeneration: a potential novel therapeutic strategy. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The regeneration strategy involves several aspects, such as reprogramming aspects, targeting pathophysiological processes, and inducing the physiological one. Autophagy targeting is a potential physiological/pathogenetic strategy to enhance myocardiocytes' function. Myocardiocytes' injury-related death remains to be the highest in our era. Unfortunately, myocardiocytes have a limited proliferation capacity to compensate for what was lost by infarction. However, partially injured myocardiocytes can be preserved by improving the autophagy process of myocardiocytes.
Main text
Autophagy induction involved controlling the cellular and subcellular environment as well as gene expression. Autophagy is well known to prolong the longevity of cell and human life. Inhibition of the mTOR receptor, proapoptotic gene Bnip3, IP3, and lysosome inhibitors, inhibition of microRNA-22 and overexpression of microRNA-99a, modulators of activated protein kinase with adenosine monophosphate, resveratrol, sirtuin activators, Longevinex and calcium lowering agents can promote physiological myocardiocyte autophagy and improve post-myocardial modulation and recovery speed. The paper aimed to assess autophagy role in myocardiocytes regeneration modulation.
Conclusions
The autophagy strategy can be applied to infarcted myocardiocytes, as well as heart failure. However, cell self-eating is not the preferred therapy for preserving injured myocardiocytes or causing regeneration.
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18
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Wang F, Han L. Upregulation of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxic injury, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress by suppressing glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Bioengineered 2021; 13:844-855. [PMID: 34898378 PMCID: PMC8805919 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2013109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of doxorubicin (Dox) in tumor chemotherapy is limited by time-dependent and dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Hence, there is an urgent need to elucidate doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and to solve the difficult problem in clinical application. It has been verified that serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) possess cardioprotective effects. Here, H9c2 cells were treated with 1 μM doxorubicin for 24 h to establish doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, so as to determine the biological role of SGK1 in doxorubicin cardiomyopathy and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. SGK1 level in doxorubicin-treated H9c2 cells was assessed by performing Western blot assay and RT-qPCR. CCK-8 assay and TUNEL staining were employed to evaluate the cell viability and cell apoptosis. Besides, apoptosis-related proteins were measured by Western blot assay to analyze cell apoptosis. Additionally, the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 and the levels of ROS, MDA, and SOD were detected to reflect inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, Western blot assay was adopted for determination of ERS-associated proteins. Results revealed that SGK1 was downregulated in doxorubicin-treated H9c2 cells. Upregulation of SGK1 alleviated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxic injury, cell apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. Moreover, SGK1 overexpression mitigated doxorubicin-induced ERS in H9c2 cells. The suppressing effects of SGK1 on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxic injury, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and ERS in H9c2 cells were partially abolished upon GRP78 overexpression. To conclude, upregulation of SGK1 may alleviate doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by repressing GRP78-mediated ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lili Han
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
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Wenxin Granules Regulate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Unfolded Protein Response and Improve Ventricular Remodeling on Rats with Myocardial Infarction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7375549. [PMID: 34765006 PMCID: PMC8577921 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7375549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Arrhythmia after myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death in clinical heart disease. Increasing studies have shown that the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS) caused by myocardial infarction is related to prognosis and the development of arrhythmias. The unfolded protein response (UPR) could serve as an important regulatory signaling pathway following myocardial infarction. The traditional Chinese medicine Wenxin Granules improve arrhythmias following myocardial infarction, which may be related to ERS intervention and the activation of the UPR and apoptosis. We aimed to investigate the involvement of Wenxin Granules in the activation of the UPR and apoptosis following myocardial infarction. Left coronary artery ligation was established as a rat model of myocardial infarction. The rats were randomly divided into the model group, low-dose Wenxin Granule group, high-dose Wenxin Granule group, and metoprolol group. Rats with only wire insertion and no ligature were used as the sham group. Small animal ultrasound systems were used to detect changes in heart structure and function, and the electrical stimulation threshold for ventricular fibrillation was detected. The expression of glucose-regulated protein (GRP)78, activating transcription factor (ATF)6, X-box binding protein (XBP)1, protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), phosphorylated (p)-PERK, Bax, Bcl2, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), caspase 12, caspase 8, and caspase 3 were detected by western blot, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to determine the cardiomyocyte apoptosis index. Compared with the sham group, rats in the model group displayed immediate ST-segment elevation and pathological Q waves after 24 hours. After 2 weeks, the left ventricular (LV) anterior wall thickness (LVAW) became thinner, and the inner diameter (LVID) increased. The end-diastolic LVAW (LVAWd), end-systolic LVAW (LVAWs), ejection fraction (EF), and fractional shortening (FS) were significantly reduced (P < 0.01), whereas the LVIDd, LVIDs, diastolic LV volume (LV Vold), and systolic LV volume (LV Vols) significantly increased (P < 0.01). The ventricular fibrillation threshold decreased significantly (P < 0.01). ERS proteins GRP78, p-PERK, PERK, ATF6, and XBP1 and apoptotic proteins CHOP, Bax, caspase 12, caspase 8, and caspase 3 significantly increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), whereas Bcl-2 expression and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the sham group, LVAWd, LVAWs, FS, and Bcl-2 protein expression were significantly increased in the low-dose Wenxin Granule group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and p-PERK and ATF6 decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, LVAWd, LVAWs, EF, FS, and the ventricular fibrillation threshold significantly increased in the high-dose Wenxin Granule and metoprolol groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), whereas LVIDs, LV Vols, and ERS proteins were significantly decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). CHOP, Bax, caspase 12, caspase 8, and caspase 3 protein expression decreased in the Wenxin Granule group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), whereas Bcl-2 and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). LVIDd and Bax decreased in the metoprolol group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased (P < 0.05). The cardiomyocyte apoptosis index values for the low- and high-dose Wenxin Granule and metoprolol groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). This study suggested that the UPR is an essential mechanism underlying pathological injury after myocardial infarction. Wenxin Granule treatment can improve ventricular remodeling and cardiac function and inhibit arrhythmia by preventing excessive ERS from activating the UPR and apoptosis.
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Sepúlveda-Fragoso V, Alexandre-Santos B, Salles ACP, Proença AB, de Paula Alves AP, Vázquez-Carrera M, Nóbrega ACL, Frantz EDC, Magliano DC. Crosstalk between the renin-angiotensin system and the endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cardiovascular system: Lessons learned so far. Life Sci 2021; 284:119919. [PMID: 34480931 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) is a complex hormonal system present locally in several tissues such as cardiovascular organs. RAS deregulation through overactivation of the classical arm [Ang-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang-II/Ang type 1 receptor (AT1R)] has been linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases and activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. The ER stress is a condition that, if unresolved, might lead to heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. Accumulated evidence has shown that the RAS modulates the UPR activation. Several studies reported increased ER stress markers in response to Ang-II treatment, in both in vivo and in vitro models. Evidence has also pointed that targeting the RAS classical arm through RAS blockers, gene silencing or genetic models leads to lower levels of ER stress markers. Few studies demonstrated protective effects of the counter-regulatory arm (ACE-2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor) over ER stress. However, the crosstalk mechanisms between the arms of the RAS and ER stress remain unclear. In this review, we sought to explore the classical arm of the RAS as a key mechanism in UPR activation and to suggest a possible protective role of the counter-regulatory arm in mitigating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Sepúlveda-Fragoso
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre-Santos
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda Conceição Pimenta Salles
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Proença
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Paula Alves
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas Nóbrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
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Cao T, Peng B, Zhou X, Cai J, Tang Y, Luo J, Xie H, Zhang J, Liu S. Integrated signaling system under endoplasmic reticulum stress in eukaryotic microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4805-4818. [PMID: 34106312 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle, which is crucial for correct folding and assembly of secretory and transmembrane proteins. Perturbations of ER function can cause ER stress. ER stress can activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to cope with the accumulation of misfolded proteins and protein toxicity. UPR is a coordination system that regulates transcription and translation, leading to the recovery of ER homeostasis or cell death. However, cells have an integrated signaling system to cope with ER stress, which helps cells to restore and balance their ER function. The main components of this system are ER-associated degradation (ERAD), autophagy, hypoxia signaling, and mitochondrial biogenesis. If the balance cannot be restored, the imbalance will lead to cell death or apoptosis, or even to a series of diseases. In this review, a series of activities to restore the homeostasis of cells during ER stress are discussed. KEY POINTS: • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a key role in the biological process of cells. • Perturbations of ER function can cause ER stress, including the ER overload response (EOR), sterol-regulated cascade reaction, and the UPR. • Cells have an integrated signaling system (ERAD, autophagy, hypoxia signaling, and mitochondrial biogenesis) to cope with the adverse impact caused by ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Binfeng Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Jialun Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Haitao Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangquan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China.
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Reperfusion following Myocardial Ischemia and Its Treatments. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6614009. [PMID: 34055195 PMCID: PMC8149218 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which reperfusion is currently the standard intervention. However, the reperfusion may lead to further myocardial damage, known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathological mechanisms in reperfusion injury, which causes apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and some other damage in cardiomyocytes through multiple pathways, thus causing irreversible cardiomyocyte damage and cardiac dysfunction. This article reviews the pathological mechanisms of oxidative stress involved in reperfusion injury and the interventions for different pathways and targets, so as to form systematic treatments for oxidative stress-induced myocardial reperfusion injury and make up for the lack of monotherapy.
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