1
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Yang H, Liang C, Luo J, Liu X, Wang W, Zheng K, Luo D, Hou Y, Guo D, Lin D, Zheng X, Li X. Transplantation of Wnt5a-modified Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury via the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04248-8. [PMID: 38795301 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological condition that can lead to paralysis or even death. This study explored the potential benefits of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation for repairing SCI. BMSCs also differentiate into astrocytes within damaged spinal cord tissues hindering the cell transplantation efficacy, therefore it is crucial to enhance their neuronal differentiation rate to facilitate spinal cord repair. Wnt5a, an upstream protein in the non-classical Wnt signaling pathway, has been implicated in stem cell migration, differentiation, and neurite formation but its role in the neuronal differentiation of BMSCs remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated the role and underlying mechanisms of Wnt5a in promoting neuronal differentiation of BMSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Wnt5a enhanced neuronal differentiation of BMSCs in vitro while reducing astrocyte differentiation. Additionally, high-throughput RNA sequencing revealed a correlation between Wnt5a and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT) signaling, which was confirmed by the use of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 to reverse the effects of Wnt5a on BMSC neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, transplantation of Wnt5a-modified BMSCs into SCI rats effectively improved the histomorphology (Hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], Nissl and Luxol Fast Blue [LFB] staining), motor function scores (Footprint test and Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan [BBB]scores)and promoted neuron production, axonal formation, and remodeling of myelin sheaths (microtubule associated protein-2 [MAP-2], growth-associated protein 43 [GAP43], myelin basic protein [MBP]), while reducing astrocyte production (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]). Therefore, targeting the Wnt5a/PI3K/AKT pathway could enhance BMSC transplantation for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaolun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics (Joint Surgery), Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, 519015, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuzhen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanshun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunrui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Da Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingkun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiasheng Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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Xiao Q, Tang Y, Luo H, Chen S, Chen R, Yan Z, Pu L, Wang L, Li G, Li Y. Sclerostin is involved in osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells in chronic kidney disease-associated vascular calcification with non-canonical Wnt signaling. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1426-1442. [PMID: 36017689 PMCID: PMC9423850 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is prominent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality in the CKD population. However, the mechanism underlying CKD-associated vascular calcification remains unclear. To identify potential therapeutic targets, a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model was established by feeding of a high-phosphorous diet as the CKD group and compared with sham group rats at 4 and 16 weeks. Sequencing analyses of the rat aorta revealed 643 upregulated and 1023 downregulated genes at 4 weeks, as well as 899 upregulated and 1185 downregulated genes at 16 weeks in the CKD group compared to the sham group. Bioinformatics analyses suggested that SOST (which encodes sclerostin) and Wnt signaling are involved in CKD-associated vascular calcification. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions analysis revealed interactions between SOST, WNT5A, and WNT5B, that involved runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and transgelin (TAGLN). SOST was increased in CKD-associated vascular calcification following reduction of the Wnt signaling, including WNT5A and WNT5B, both in vivo and in vitro. TargetScan was used to predict the microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting WNT5A and WNT5B. The expression levels of miR-542-3p, miR-298-3p, miR-376b-5p, and miR-3568 were significantly reduced, whereas that of miR-742-3p was significantly increased in calcified rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In CKD rat aortas, the expression of miR-542-3p, miR-298-3p, miR-376b-5p, miR-3568, miR-742-3p, and miR-22-5p were significantly reduced at both 4 and 16 weeks. Altogether, owing to several assessments, potentially diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for improving common CKD diagnostic tools were identified in this study. Abbreviations: BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CKD-MBD: chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GO: the Gene Ontology; HE: hematoxylin-eosin; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MiRNAs: microRNAs; PAS: periodic acid-Schiff; RUNX2: runt-related transcription factor 2; SCr: serum creatinine; STRING: the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins; TAGLN: transgelin; VSMC: vascular smooth muscle cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Haojun Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Palliative Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Sipei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhe Yan
- College of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Pu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guisen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
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3
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Akoumianakis I, Polkinghorne M, Antoniades C. Non-canonical WNT signalling in cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:783-797. [PMID: 35697779 PMCID: PMC9191761 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
WNT signalling comprises a diverse spectrum of receptor-mediated pathways activated by a large family of WNT ligands and influencing fundamental biological processes. WNT signalling includes the β-catenin canonical pathway and the non-canonical pathways, namely the planar cell polarity and the calcium-dependent pathways. Advances over the past decade have linked non-canonical WNT signalling with key mechanisms of atherosclerosis, including oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, macrophage activation and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype regulation. In addition, non-canonical WNT signalling is involved in crucial aspects of myocardial biology, from fibrosis to hypertrophy and oxidative stress. Importantly, non-canonical WNT signalling activation has complex effects in adipose tissue in the context of obesity, thereby potentially linking metabolic and vascular diseases. Tissue-specific targeting of non-canonical WNT signalling might be associated with substantial risks of off-target tumorigenesis, challenging its therapeutic potential. However, novel technologies, such as monoclonal antibodies, recombinant decoy receptors, tissue-specific gene silencing with small interfering RNAs and gene editing with CRISPR-Cas9, might enable more efficient therapeutic targeting of WNT signalling in the cardiovascular system. In this Review, we summarize the components of non-canonical WNT signalling, their links with the main mechanisms of atherosclerosis, heart failure and arrhythmias, and the rationale for targeting individual components of non-canonical WNT signalling for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Akoumianakis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Murray Polkinghorne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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4
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Masbuchin AN, Widodo, Rohman MS, Liu PY. The two facets of receptor tyrosine kinase in cardiovascular calcification-can tyrosine kinase inhibitors benefit cardiovascular system? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:986570. [PMID: 36237897 PMCID: PMC9552878 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.986570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely used in cancer treatment due to their effectiveness in cancer cell killing. However, an off-target of this agent limits its success. Cardiotoxicity-associated TKIs have been widely reported. Tyrosine kinase is involved in many regulatory processes in a cell, and it is involved in cancer formation. Recent evidence suggests the role of tyrosine kinase in cardiovascular calcification, specifically, the calcification of heart vessels and valves. Herein, we summarized the accumulating evidence of the crucial role of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) in cardiovascular calcification and provided the potential clinical implication of TKIs-related ectopic calcification. We found that RTKs, depending on the ligand and tissue, can induce or suppress cardiovascular calcification. Therefore, RTKs may have varying effects on ectopic calcification. Additionally, in the context of cardiovascular calcification, TKIs do not always relate to an unfavored outcome-they might offer benefits in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainun Nizar Masbuchin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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5
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Kopylov AT, Papysheva O, Gribova I, Kaysheva AL, Kotaysch G, Kharitonova L, Mayatskaya T, Nurbekov MK, Schipkova E, Terekhina O, Morozov SG. Severe types of fetopathy are associated with changes in the serological proteome of diabetic mothers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27829. [PMID: 34766598 PMCID: PMC8589259 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pregestational or gestational diabetes are the main risk factors for diabetic fetopathy. There are no generalized signs of fetopathy before the late gestational age due to insufficient sensitivity of currently employed instrumental methods. In this cross-sectional observational study, we investigated several types of severe diabetic fetopathy (cardiomyopathy, central nervous system defects, and hepatomegaly) established in type 2 diabetic mothers during 30 to 35 gestational weeks and confirmed upon delivery. We examined peripheral blood plasma and determined a small proportion of proteins strongly associated with a specific type of fetopathy or anatomical malfunction. Most of the examined markers participate in critical processes at different stages of embryogenesis and regulate various phases of morphogenesis. Alterations in CDCL5 had a significant impact on mRNA splicing and DNA repair. Patients with central nervous system defects were characterized by the greatest depletion (ca. 7% of the basal level) of DFP3, a neurotrophic factor needed for the proper specialization of oligodendrocytes. Dysregulation of noncanonical wingless-related integration site signaling pathway (Wnt) signaling guided by pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 2 (DAAM2) was also profound. In addition, deficiency in retinoic acid and thyroxine transport was exhibited by the dramatic increase of transthyretin (TTHY). The molecular interplay between the identified serological markers leads to pathologies in fetal development on the background of a diabetic condition. These warning serological markers can be quantitatively examined, and their profile may reflect different severe types of diabetic fetopathy, producing a beneficial effect on the current standard care for pregnant women and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T. Kopylov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Papysheva
- S.S. Yudin 7th State Clinical Hospital, 4 Kolomenskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Iveta Gribova
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna L. Kaysheva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Kotaysch
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov Kharitonova
- N.I. Pirogov Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova st., Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Malik K. Nurbekov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Schipkova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Terekhina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey G. Morozov
- N.E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 2 Hospitalnaya sq., Moscow, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltyiskaya str., Moscow, Russia
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6
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Jiang W, Zhang Z, Li Y, Chen C, Yang H, Lin Q, Hu M, Qin X. The Cell Origin and Role of Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblastogenesis in Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:639740. [PMID: 33969008 PMCID: PMC8102685 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.639740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial calcification refers to the abnormal deposition of calcium salts in the arterial wall, which results in vessel lumen stenosis and vascular remodeling. Studies increasingly show that arterial calcification is a cell mediated, reversible and active regulated process similar to physiological bone mineralization. The osteoblasts and chondrocytes-like cells are present in large numbers in the calcified lesions, and express osteogenic transcription factor and bone matrix proteins that are known to initiate and promote arterial calcification. In addition, osteoclast-like cells have also been detected in calcified arterial walls wherein they possibly inhibit vascular calcification, similar to the catabolic process of bone mineral resorption. Therefore, tilting the balance between osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells to the latter maybe a promising therapeutic strategy against vascular calcification. In this review, we have summarized the current findings on the origin and functions of osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells in the development and progression of vascular progression, and explored novel therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhanman Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yaodong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chuanzhen Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuning Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Reinhold S, Blankesteijn WM, Foulquier S. The Interplay of WNT and PPARγ Signaling in Vascular Calcification. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122658. [PMID: 33322009 PMCID: PMC7763279 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), the ectopic deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the vessel wall, is one of the primary contributors to cardiovascular death. The pathology of VC is determined by vascular topography, pre-existing diseases, and our genetic heritage. VC evolves from inflammation, mediated by macrophages, and from the osteochondrogenic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in the atherosclerotic plaque. This pathologic transition partly resembles endochondral ossification, involving the chronologically ordered activation of the β-catenin-independent and -dependent Wingless and Int-1 (WNT) pathways and the termination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signal transduction. Several atherosclerotic plaque studies confirmed the differential activity of PPARγ and the WNT signaling pathways in VC. Notably, the actively regulated β-catenin-dependent and -independent WNT signals increase the osteochondrogenic transformation of VSMC through the up-regulation of the osteochondrogenic transcription factors SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In addition, we have reported studies showing that WNT signaling pathways may be antagonized by PPARγ activation via the expression of different families of WNT inhibitors and through its direct interaction with β-catenin. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on WNT and PPARγ signaling and their interplay during the osteochondrogenic differentiation of VSMC in VC. Finally, we discuss knowledge gaps on this interplay and its possible clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reinhold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
| | - W. Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
| | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-433881409
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8
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Oh YJ, Kim H, Kim AJ, Ro H, Chang JH, Lee HH, Chung W, Jun HS, Jung JY. Reduction of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 Drives Vascular Calcification through Wnt3a-Mediated Rho/ROCK/JNK Signaling in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103539. [PMID: 32429518 PMCID: PMC7278993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is commonly associated with bone loss in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) regulates osteoblast activation through canonical signaling pathways, but the common pathophysiology of these pathways during VC and bone loss has not been identified. A rat model of adenine-induced CKD with VC was used in this study. The rats were fed 0.75% adenine (2.5% protein, 0.92% phosphate) with or without intraperitoneal injection of calcitriol (0.08 µg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Angiotensin II (3 µM)-induced VC was achieved in high phosphate medium (3 mM) through its effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In an mRNA profiler polymerase chain reaction assay of the Wnt signaling pathway, secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (sFRP5) levels were significantly decreased in the CKD rat model compared with the control group. The repression of sFRP5 on VSMC trans-differentiation was mediated through Rho/Rho-associated coiled coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways activated by Wnt3a. In a proof of concept study conducted with patients with CKD, serum sFRP5 concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with VC than in those without VC. Our findings suggest that repression of sFRP5 is associated with VC in the CKD environment via activation of the noncanonical Wnt pathway, and thus that sFRP5 might be a novel therapeutic target for VC in CKD.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/blood
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adenine/toxicity
- Adipokines/genetics
- Adipokines/metabolism
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/drug effects
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Osteogenesis/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/chemically induced
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics
- rho-Associated Kinases/genetics
- rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju 63127, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Ae Jin Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea; (A.J.K.); (H.R.); (J.H.C.); (H.H.L.); (W.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Han Ro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea; (A.J.K.); (H.R.); (J.H.C.); (H.H.L.); (W.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea; (A.J.K.); (H.R.); (J.H.C.); (H.H.L.); (W.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea; (A.J.K.); (H.R.); (J.H.C.); (H.H.L.); (W.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Wookyung Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea; (A.J.K.); (H.R.); (J.H.C.); (H.H.L.); (W.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Ji Yong Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea; (A.J.K.); (H.R.); (J.H.C.); (H.H.L.); (W.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-458-2621; Fax: +82-32-460-3431
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9
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Song F, Zou J, Song Z, Xu H, Qian Y, Zhu H, Liu S, Guan J, Chen J, Yi H. Association of Adipocytokines With Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Arterial Stiffness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:177. [PMID: 32300333 PMCID: PMC7142226 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) results in increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and arterial stiffness; however, the association between adipocytokines and IMT/arterial stiffness in OSA patients is unclear. Methods: We enrolled 95 normal weight and overweight, not obese, participants from May 2018 to December 2018 in this study. All subjects underwent a carotid artery ultrasound examination and polysomnography. Blood samples were used to determine serum chemerin, adiponectin, SFRP5, and apelin levels. Correlations between two quantitative variables were assessed using the Pearson or Spearman coefficient. Stepwise models of multiple linear regression analysis were performed to assess the independent relationships. Result: IMT in OSA patients was significantly higher than in the non-snorers. There were significant differences in the arterial stiffness parameters such as distensibility coefficient (DC), compliance coefficient (CC), and pulse wave velocity (PWV). SFRP5 level was lower in OSA patients than in non-snorers. Adiponectin correlated with CC, DC, and PWV among OSA patients; however, the relationship disappeared after a multivariable adjustment. Age was independently associated with all quantitative IMT and stiffness indices. AHI and minimum oxygen saturation (Mini SaO2) were independently related to arterial stiffness. Conclusion: The quantitative IMT and carotid arterial elasticity were significantly worse among OSA patients. Age was the main independent factor correlated with quantitative IMT and arterial stiffness, and AHI and mini SaO2 were associated factors. There were no relationships between aforementioned adipocytokines and quantitative IMT/carotid arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinjun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaming Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Suru Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Chen
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
- Hongliang Yi
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10
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The Emerging Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vascular Calcification. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2875189. [PMID: 31065272 PMCID: PMC6466855 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2875189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), characterized by hydroxyapatite crystal depositing in the vessel wall, is a common pathological condition shared by many chronic diseases and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Recently, VC is regarded as an active, dynamic cell-mediated process, during which calcifying cell transition is critical. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with a multidirectional differentiation ability and great potential for clinical application, play a duplex role in the VC process. MSCs facilitate VC mainly through osteogenic transformation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, several studies have reported the protective role of MSCs. Anti-inflammation, blockade of the BMP2 signal, downregulation of the Wnt signal, and antiapoptosis through paracrine signaling are possible mechanisms. This review displays the evidence both on the facilitating role and on the protective role of MSCs, then discusses the key factors determining this divergence.
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11
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Harun NH, Froemming GRA, Nawawi HM, Muid SA. Inflammation and Vascular Calcification Causing Effects of Oxidized HDL are Attenuated by Adiponectin in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2019; 8:39-55. [PMID: 32195204 PMCID: PMC7073262 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.8.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of oxidized high- density lipoprotein (oxHDL) and the protective effects of adiponectin in terms of vascular calcification is not well-established. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oxHDL with regard to inflammation and vascular calcification and to determine the protective role of adiponectin in attenuating the detrimental effects of oxHDL. Cell viability, mineralization, and calcification assays were conducted to optimize the concentration of oxHDL. Then, human vascular smooth muscle cells (HAoVSMCs) were incubated with β-glycerophosphate, HDL, oxHDL, adiponectin, or the combination of oxHDL with adiponectin for 24 h. Protein expression of IL-6, TNF-α, osterix, RUNX2, ALP, type 1 collagen, osteopontin, osteocalcin, WNT-5a, NF-ĸβ(p65), cAMP and STAT-3 were measured by ELISA kits. OxHDL induced vascular calcification by promoting the formation of mineralization nodules and calcium deposits in HAoVSMCs. This was accompanied by an increased secretion of IL-6, osterix, WNT-5a and NF-ĸβ (p65). Interestingly, these detrimental effects of oxHDL were suppressed by adiponectin. Besides, incubation of adiponectin alone on HAoVSMCs showed a reduction of inflammatory cytokines, osteoblastic markers (RUNX2, osterix and osteopontin), WNT-5a and NF-ĸβ (p65). This study exhibits the ability of oxHDL in inducing inflammation and vascular calcification and these detrimental effects of oxHDL can be attenuated by adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hanisa Harun
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Hapizah Md Nawawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Abd Muid
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Cho YK, Kang YM, Lee SE, Lee YL, Seol SM, Lee WJ, Park JY, Jung CH. Effect of SFRP5 (Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5) on the WNT5A (Wingless-Type Family Member 5A)-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Relevance With Arterial Stiffness in Human Subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1358-1367. [PMID: 29674475 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SFRP5 (secreted frizzled-related protein 5) is an endogenous inhibitor of WNT5A (wingless-type family member 5a), which has been implicated in atherosclerosis. However, contradictory results have been reported about the role of SFRP5 in atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate whether SFRP5 could restore WNT5A-induced endothelial dysfunction in vitro and ex vivo. In addition, we sought to determine whether the serum concentration of SFRP5 is associated with atherosclerosis in humans. APPROACH AND RESULTS We measured endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the isolated thoracic aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition, we measured intracellular nitric oxide (NO) in human endothelial cells. The protein abundance of total and phosphorylated JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), AKT (protein kinase B), and endothelial NO synthase was analyzed in human endothelial cells. Circulating SFRP5 and WNT5A levels and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were measured in 282 human subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. SFRP5 dose dependently restored Wnt5-induced impaired vasorelaxation in rat thoracic aorta by an endothelial NO synthase-dependent mechanism. SFRP5 treatment restored the WNT5A-induced reduction of NO production via endothelial NO synthase in human endothelial cells. WNT5A-induced changes in the phosphorylation of JNK, AKT, and endothelial NO synthase were ameliorated with SFRP5 administration. In humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the serum SFRP5 concentration positively correlated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (r=0.146; P=0.024). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that the serum SFRP5 concentration was independently associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity after adjustment for potential confounders [B (SE)=7.40 (3.35); P=0.028]. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest the possible compensatory action of SFRP5 against atherosclerosis under conditions of metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Cho
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Y.K.C., Y.M.K., S.E.L., W.J.L., J.-Y.P., C.H.J.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea (Y.K.C.)
| | - Yu Mi Kang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Y.K.C., Y.M.K., S.E.L., W.J.L., J.-Y.P., C.H.J.)
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Y.K.C., Y.M.K., S.E.L., W.J.L., J.-Y.P., C.H.J.)
| | - Yoo La Lee
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences (Y.L.L., S.M.S.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Mi Seol
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences (Y.L.L., S.M.S.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Je Lee
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Y.K.C., Y.M.K., S.E.L., W.J.L., J.-Y.P., C.H.J.)
| | - Joong-Yeol Park
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Y.K.C., Y.M.K., S.E.L., W.J.L., J.-Y.P., C.H.J.)
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Y.K.C., Y.M.K., S.E.L., W.J.L., J.-Y.P., C.H.J.)
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13
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Karuna EP, Choi SS, Scales MK, Hum J, Cohen M, Fierro FA, Ho HYH. Identification of a WNT5A-Responsive Degradation Domain in the Kinesin Superfamily Protein KIF26B. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E196. [PMID: 29621187 PMCID: PMC5924538 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncanonical WNT pathways function independently of the β-catenin transcriptional co-activator to regulate diverse morphogenetic and pathogenic processes. Recent studies showed that noncanonical WNTs, such as WNT5A, can signal the degradation of several downstream effectors, thereby modulating these effectors' cellular activities. The protein domain(s) that mediates the WNT5A-dependent degradation response, however, has not been identified. By coupling protein mutagenesis experiments with a flow cytometry-based degradation reporter assay, we have defined a protein domain in the kinesin superfamily protein KIF26B that is essential for WNT5A-dependent degradation. We found that a human disease-causing KIF26B mutation located at a conserved amino acid within this domain compromises the ability of WNT5A to induce KIF26B degradation. Using pharmacological perturbation, we further uncovered a role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in WNT5A regulation of KIF26B degradation. Lastly, based on the identification of the WNT5A-responsive domain, we developed a new reporter system that allows for efficient profiling of WNT5A-KIF26B signaling activity in both somatic and stem cells. In conclusion, our study identifies a new protein domain that mediates WNT5A-dependent degradation of KIF26B and provides a new tool for functional characterization of noncanonical WNT5A signaling in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith P Karuna
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Shannon S Choi
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Michael K Scales
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jennie Hum
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Michael Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Fernando A Fierro
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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14
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Foulquier S, Daskalopoulos EP, Lluri G, Hermans KCM, Deb A, Blankesteijn WM. WNT Signaling in Cardiac and Vascular Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:68-141. [PMID: 29247129 PMCID: PMC6040091 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.013896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT signaling is an elaborate and complex collection of signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple signaling molecules. WNT signaling is critically important for developmental processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue patterning. Little WNT signaling activity is present in the cardiovascular system of healthy adults, but reactivation of the pathway is observed in many pathologies of heart and blood vessels. The high prevalence of these pathologies and their significant contribution to human disease burden has raised interest in WNT signaling as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we first will focus on the constituents of the pathway and their regulation and the different signaling routes. Subsequently, the role of WNT signaling in cardiovascular development is addressed, followed by a detailed discussion of its involvement in vascular and cardiac disease. After highlighting the crosstalk between WNT, transforming growth factor-β and angiotensin II signaling, and the emerging role of WNT signaling in the regulation of stem cells, we provide an overview of drugs targeting the pathway at different levels. From the combined studies we conclude that, despite the sometimes conflicting experimental data, a general picture is emerging that excessive stimulation of WNT signaling adversely affects cardiovascular pathology. The rapidly increasing collection of drugs interfering at different levels of WNT signaling will allow the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in the pathway in relevant animal models of cardiovascular diseases and eventually in patients in the near future, translating the outcomes of the many preclinical studies into a clinically relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Evangelos P Daskalopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Gentian Lluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Kevin C M Hermans
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Arjun Deb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - W Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
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15
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Pashirzad M, Shafiee M, Rahmani F, Behnam-Rassouli R, Hoseinkhani F, Ryzhikov M, Moradi Binabaj M, Parizadeh MR, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Role of Wnt5a in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1611-1616. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Pashirzad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- Department of Nutrition; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Hoseinkhani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; St. Louis University School of Medicine; Saint Louis Missouri
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Molecular Medicine Group; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; St. Louis University School of Medicine; Saint Louis Missouri
- Microanatomy Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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16
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Albanese I, Yu B, Al-Kindi H, Barratt B, Ott L, Al-Refai M, de Varennes B, Shum-Tim D, Cerruti M, Gourgas O, Rhéaume E, Tardif JC, Schwertani A. Role of Noncanonical Wnt Signaling Pathway in Human Aortic Valve Calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:543-552. [PMID: 27932350 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of aortic valve calcification remain unclear. With accumulating evidence demonstrating that valve calcification recapitulates bone development, the crucial roles of noncanonical Wnt ligands WNT5a, WNT5b, and WNT11 in osteogenesis make them critical targets in the study of aortic valve calcification. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using immunohistochemistry, real-time qPCR, Western blotting, and tissue culture, we examined the tissue distribution of WNT5a, WNT5b, and WNT11 in noncalcified and calcified aortic valves and their effects on human aortic valve interstitial cells (HAVICs). Only focal strong immunostaining for WNT5a was seen in and around areas of calcification. Abundant immunostaining for WNT5b and WNT11 was seen in inflammatory cells, fibrosis, and activated myofibroblasts in areas of calcified foci. There was significant correlation between WNT5b and WNT11 overall staining and presence of calcification, lipid score, fibrosis, and microvessels (P<0.05). Real-time qPCR and Western blotting revealed abundant expression of both Wnts in stenotic aortic valves, particularly in bicuspid valves. Incubation of HAVICs from noncalcified valves with the 3 noncanonical Wnts significantly increased cell apoptosis and calcification (P<0.05). Treatment of HAVICs with the mitogen-activated protein kinase-38β and GSK3β inhibitors significantly reduced their mineralization (P<0.01). Raman spectroscopy identified the inorganic phosphate deposits as hydroxyapatite and showed a significant increase in hydroxyapatite deposition in HAVICs in response to WNT5a and WNT11 (P<0.05). Similar crystallinity was seen in the deposits found in HAVICs treated with Wnts and in calcified human aortic valves. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a potential role for noncanonical Wnt signaling in the pathogenesis of aortic valve calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Albanese
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.)
| | - Bin Yu
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.)
| | - Hamood Al-Kindi
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.)
| | - Bianca Barratt
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.)
| | - Leah Ott
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.)
| | - Mohammad Al-Refai
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.)
| | - Benoit de Varennes
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.)
| | - Dominique Shum-Tim
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.)
| | - Marta Cerruti
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.)
| | - Ophélie Gourgas
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.)
| | - Eric Rhéaume
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.)
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.)
| | - Adel Schwertani
- From the Division of Cardiology and Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A., B.Y., H.A.-K., B.B., L.O., M.A.-R., B.d.V., D.S.-T., A.S.); Department of Material Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (M.C., O.G.); and Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.R., J.C.T.).
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17
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Zhu M, Fang X, Zhou S, Li W, Guan S. Indirect co‑culture of vascular smooth muscle cells with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibits vascular calcification and downregulates the Wnt signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5141-8. [PMID: 27121342 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is widely considered to be a crucial clinical indicator of cardiovascular disease. Recently, certain properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been hypothesized to have potential in treating cardiovascular diseases. However, their effect on the initiation and progression of VC remains controversial. The present study aimed to investigate whether MSCs indirectly mediate VC and their impact on the Wnt signaling pathways. A Transwell system was selected to establish the indirect co‑culture environment, and hence, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were indirectly co‑cultured in the presence or absence of MSCs at a ratio of 1:1. Osteogenic medium (OS) was added to imitate a calcifying environment. Fourteen days later, VSMCs in the lower layers of the Transwell plates were harvested. Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium nodules were markedly increased in calcific VSMCs induced by OS. However, these parameters were significantly decreased in VSMCs by indirectly co‑culturing with MSCs in the same medium. Furthermore, the messenger RNA expression levels of osteopontin and osteoprotegerin were notably increased in VSMCs cultured in OS, but reduced by indirect interaction with MSCs. In addition, the activities of canonical and noncanonical Wnt ligands, wingless‑type MMTV integration site family, number 5A (Wnt5a), receptor tyrosine kinase‑like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) and β‑catenin, which are important in the process of VC, were downregulated by indirect contact with MSCs in OS. Thus, indirect co‑culture with MSCs inhibits VC and downregulates the Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng'en Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqiong Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Siming Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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18
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Vasuri F, Fittipaldi S, Pasquinelli G. Arterial calcification: Finger-pointing at resident and circulating stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:540-551. [PMID: 25426251 PMCID: PMC4178254 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i5.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term ‘‘Stammzelle’’ (stem cells) originally appeared in 1868 in the works of Ernst Haeckel who used it to describe the ancestor unicellular organism from which he presumed all multicellular organisms evolved. Since then stem cells have been studied in a wide spectrum of normal and pathological conditions; it is remarkable to note that ectopic arterial calcification was considered a passive deposit of calcium since its original discovering in 1877; in the last decades, resident and circulating stem cells were imaged to drive arterial calcification through chondro-osteogenic differentiation thus opening the idea that an active mechanism could be at the basis of the process that clinically shows a Janus effect: calcifications either lead to the stabilization or rupture of the atherosclerotic plaques. A review of the literature underlines that 130 years after stem cell discovery, antigenic markers of stem cells are still debated and the identification of the osteoprogenitor phenotype is even more elusive due to tissue degradation occurring at processing and manipulation. It is necessary to find a consensus to perform comparable studies that implies phenotypic recognition of stem cells antigens. A hypothesis is based on the singular morphology and amitotic mechanism of division of osteoclasts: it constitutes the opening to a new approach on osteoprogenitors markers and recognition. Our aim was to highlight all the present evidences of the active calcification process, summarize the different cellular types involved, and discuss a novel approach to discover osteoprogenitor phenotypes in arterial wall.
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19
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Bhatt PM, Malgor R. Wnt5a: a player in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory disorders. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:155-62. [PMID: 25240110 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to review the current literature on Wnt5a and its signaling mechanism, along with its role in atherosclerosis. In addition, the significance of Wnt5a as a diagnostic marker and a potential therapeutic target is reviewed. Wnt5a, a secreted glycoprotein, belongs to a family of highly conserved proteins that regulate important processes such as cell fate specification, embryonic development, cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in a variety of organisms. The complexity of Wnt5a signaling lies in the fact that Wnt5a can bind to different classes of frizzled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2, as well as co-receptors such as low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6. Wnt5a signals primarily through the non-canonical pathway, where it mediates cell proliferation, adhesion, and movement. However, the role of Wnt5a in canonical signaling is still unresolved. Depending on the receptor availability, Wnt5a can serve to activate or inhibit the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Due to the promiscuous nature of Wnt5a, it has been extremely difficult to fully understand its signaling mechanism. Wnt5a has recently emerged as a macrophage effector molecule that triggers inflammation. Perturbations in Wnt5a signaling have been reported in several inflammatory diseases, particularly in sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Both existing and emerging evidence suggests that the expression of Wnt5a is always up-regulated in these, and possibly other inflammatory disorders. This knowledge can be useful for targeting Wnt5a and/or its receptor and downstream signaling molecules for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja M Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Ramiro Malgor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
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20
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Guan S, Wang Z, Xin F, Xin H. Wnt5a is associated with the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vascular calcification by connecting with different receptors. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1985-91. [PMID: 25109262 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification significantly affects the health of the elderly. Increasing evidence proved that vascular calcification is an actively regulated osteogenic process. The osteochondrocytic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a significant step of osteogenic processes. The Wnt pathways has been identified as contributing to the regulation of osteogenic mineralization during development and disease. However, it remains unknown whether these MSCs in the vascular calcification differentiate into normal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vivo in order to treat damaged vascular tissue or into calcified VSMCs to aggravate calcification correlated to the Wnt pathways. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the mechanisms of MSC differentiation in detail. In the present study a cell‑cell co‑culturing in vitro system was used to observe MSCs that directly interact with normal or calcified VSMCs during calcification and to investigate the gene expression of the Wnt pathways during the process. Direct co‑cultures were established by seeding two different cell types, VSMCs or calcified VSMCs, or a mixture of both at ratios of 5,000:5,000 cells/1.7 cm2 onto either gelatin‑coated 1.7‑cm2 chamber slides for immunohistochemical analysis or gelatin‑coated 75‑cm2 tissue culture flasks for protein or RNA isolation. Osteoblastic differentiation was evaluated by examining the cell morphology and assessing the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the cell lysates by alkaline phosphatase staining. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of the genes encoding for proteins involved in the Wnt signaling proteins, Wnt5A, LRP6, Ror2, c‑Jun‑N‑terminal kinase and β‑catenin, were assessed in each group. The present study demonstrated that Wnts are expressed in the progress of differentiation of MSCs during calcification. MSCs can differentiate into different cell phenotypes when there is direct cell‑cell contact with VSMCs or calcified VSMCs, and the Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling pathway may be associated with the determination of differentiation of MSCs in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xin
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Huaping Xin
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
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21
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Shen YL, Luo Q, Guo YX, Zheng GH, Yu J, Xu YH. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived Wnt5a inhibits leukemia cell progression in vitro via activation of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:85-90. [PMID: 24959224 PMCID: PMC4063647 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is one of the most common malignancies in humans worldwide; however, the molecular mechanism of the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) on leukemia cell growth remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that Wnt5a protein expression was significantly induced in bMSCs via an adenovirus vector (P<0.01). The results showed that the proliferation of HL60 cells, a leukemia cell line, was significantly inhibited when the cells were stimulated with the culture supernatant of adeno-Wnt5a bMSCs compared with the culture supernatants of bMSCs and adeno-vector bMSCs for 24 or 48 h (P<0.01). The promoted maturation levels of HL60 cells were also observed following stimulation with the culture supernatant of adeno-Wnt5a bMSCs (P<0.01). However, no significant difference was identified in the proliferation and maturation of HL60 cells among the three groups stimulated with the culture supernatants containing a neutralization antibody against Wnt5a. Furthermore, the bMSC-derived Wnt5a was found to influence the maturation and proliferation of the HL60 cells by enhancing the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, while inhibiting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by upregulating the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and suppressing the expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1. In conclusion, bMSC-derived Wnt5a modifies the proliferation and maturation of HL60 cells via activation of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China ; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Qing Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xia Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China ; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Gai Huai Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - You Hua Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
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22
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Zhou S, Fang X, Xin H, Li W, Qiu H, Guan S. Osteoprotegerin inhibits calcification of vascular smooth muscle cell via down regulation of the Notch1-RBP-Jκ/Msx2 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68987. [PMID: 23874840 PMCID: PMC3711585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Vascular calcification is a common pathobiological process which occurs among
the elder population and in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney
disease. Osteoprotegerin, a secreted glycoprotein that regulates bone mass,
has recently emerged as an important regulator of the development of
vascular calcification. However, the mechanism is not fully understood. The
purpose of this study is to explore novel signaling mechanisms of
osteoprotegerin in the osteoblastic differentiation in rat aortic vascular
smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods and Results VSMCs were isolated from thoracic aorta of Sprague Dawley rats. Osteoblastic
differentiation of VSMCs was induced by an osteogenic medium. We confirmed
by Von Kossa staining and direct cellular calcium measurement that
mineralization was significantly increased in VSMCs cultured in osteogenic
medium; consistent with an enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity. This
osteoblastic differentiation in VSMCs was significantly reduced by the
addition of osteoprotegerin in a dose responsive manner. Moreover, we
identified, by real-time qPCR and western blotting, that expression of
Notch1 and RBP-Jκ were significantly up-regulated in VSMCs cultured in
osteogenic medium at both the mRNA and protein levels, these effects were
dose-dependently abolished by the treatment of osteoprotegerin. Furthermore,
we identified that Msx2, a downstream target of the Notch1/RBP-Jκ signaling,
was markedly down-regulated by the treatment of osteoprotegerin. Conclusion Osteoprotegerin inhibits vascular calcification through the down regulation
of the Notch1-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiong Zhou
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaping Xin
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical
School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Newark, New
Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
(SG); (HQ)
| | - Siming Guan
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College,
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
(SG); (HQ)
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23
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ZHOU SHAOQIONG, FANG XIN, XIN HUAPING, GUAN SIMING. Effects of alendronate on the Notch1-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway in the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:89-94. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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