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Samra AI, Kamel AS, Abdallah DM, El Fattah MAA, Ahmed KA, El-Abhar HS. Preclinical Evidence for the Role of the Yin/Yang Angiotensin System Components in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Therapeutic Target of Astaxanthin. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3156. [PMID: 38137376 PMCID: PMC10740500 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence is emerging with an unclear etiology, hindering effective therapeutic interventions. Recent studies suggest potential renin-angiotensin system (RAS) alterations in different neurological pathologies. However, its implications in ASD are unexplored. This research fulfills the critical gap by investigating dual arms of RAS and their interplay with Notch signaling in ASD, using a valproic acid (VPA) model and assessing astaxanthin's (AST) modulatory impacts. Experimentally, male pups from pregnant rats receiving either saline or VPA on gestation day 12.5 were divided into control and VPA groups, with subsequent AST treatment in a subset (postnatal days 34-58). Behavioral analyses, histopathological investigations, and electron microscopy provided insights into the neurobehavioral and structural changes induced by AST. Molecular investigations of male pups' cortices revealed that AST outweighs the protective RAS elements with the inhibition of the detrimental arm. This established the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory axes of RAS (ACE2/Ang1-7/MasR) in the ASD context. The results showed that AST's normalization of RAS components and Notch signaling underscore a novel therapeutic avenue in ASD, impacting neuronal integrity and behavioral outcomes. These findings affirm the integral role of RAS in ASD and highlight AST's potential as a promising treatment intervention, inviting further neurological research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat I. Samra
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.I.S.); (D.M.A.); (M.A.A.E.F.)
| | - Ahmed S. Kamel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.I.S.); (D.M.A.); (M.A.A.E.F.)
| | - Dalaal M. Abdallah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.I.S.); (D.M.A.); (M.A.A.E.F.)
| | - Mai A. Abd El Fattah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (A.I.S.); (D.M.A.); (M.A.A.E.F.)
| | - Kawkab A. Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Hanan S. El-Abhar
- Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo 11835, Egypt;
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor promotes angiogenesis through Sp1/Sp3-mediated inhibition of notch signaling in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:731. [PMID: 36759621 PMCID: PMC9911748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical pathophysiological process involved in organ growth and various diseases. Transcription factors Sp1/Sp3 are necessary for fetal development and tumor growth. Sp1/Sp3 proteins were downregulated in the capillaries of the gastrocnemius in patients with critical limb ischemia samples. Endothelial-specific Sp1/Sp3 knockout reduces angiogenesis in retinal, pathological, and tumor models and induced activation of the Notch1 pathway. Further, the inactivation of VEGFR2 signaling by Notch1 contributes to the delayed angiogenesis phenotype. Mechanistically, endothelial Sp1 binds to the promoter of Notch1 and inhibits its transcription, which is enhanced by Sp3. The proangiogenic effect of ACEI is abolished in Sp1/Sp3-deletion male mice. We identify USP7 as an ACEI-activated deubiquitinating enzyme that translocated into the nucleus binding to Sp1/Sp3, which are deacetylated by HDAC1. Our findings demonstrate a central role for endothelial USP7-Sp1/Sp3-Notch1 signaling in pathophysiological angiogenesis in response to ACEI treatment.
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Curran CS, Kopp JB. RAGE pathway activation and function in chronic kidney disease and COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:970423. [PMID: 36017003 PMCID: PMC9395689 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.970423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-ligand receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and its ligands are contributing factors in autoimmunity, cancers, and infectious disease. RAGE activation is increased in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). CKD may increase the risk of COVID-19 severity and may also develop in the form of long COVID. RAGE is expressed in essentially all kidney cell types. Increased production of RAGE isoforms and RAGE ligands during CKD and COVID-19 promotes RAGE activity. The downstream effects include cellular dysfunction, tissue injury, fibrosis, and inflammation, which in turn contribute to a decline in kidney function, hypertension, thrombotic disorders, and cognitive impairment. In this review, we discuss the forms and mechanisms of RAGE and RAGE ligands in the kidney and COVID-19. Because various small molecules antagonize RAGE activity in animal models, targeting RAGE, its co-receptors, or its ligands may offer novel therapeutic approaches to slowing or halting progressive kidney disease, for which current therapies are often inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S. Curran
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, NIDDK (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Interplay between extracellular matrix components and cellular and molecular mechanisms in kidney fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1999-2029. [PMID: 34427291 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in renal structures. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is observed in glomerular diseases as well as in the regeneration failure of acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, finding antifibrotic therapies comprises an intensive research field in Nephrology. Nowadays, ECM is not only considered as a cellular scaffold, but also exerts important cellular functions. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in kidney fibrosis, paying particular attention to ECM components, profibrotic factors and cell-matrix interactions. In response to kidney damage, activation of glomerular and/or tubular cells may induce aberrant phenotypes characterized by overproduction of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors, and thus contribute to CKD progression. Among ECM components, matricellular proteins can regulate cell-ECM interactions, as well as cellular phenotype changes. Regarding kidney fibrosis, one of the most studied matricellular proteins is cellular communication network-2 (CCN2), also called connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), currently considered as a fibrotic marker and a potential therapeutic target. Integrins connect the ECM proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and several downstream signaling pathways that enable cells to respond to external stimuli in a coordinated manner and maintain optimal tissue stiffness. In kidney fibrosis, there is an increase in ECM deposition, lower ECM degradation and ECM proteins cross-linking, leading to an alteration in the tissue mechanical properties and their responses to injurious stimuli. A better understanding of these complex cellular and molecular events could help us to improve the antifibrotic therapies for CKD.
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Zhang Y, Jin D, Kang X, Zhou R, Sun Y, Lian F, Tong X. Signaling Pathways Involved in Diabetic Renal Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696542. [PMID: 34327204 PMCID: PMC8314387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal interstitial fibrosis is a crucial metabolic change in the late stage of DKD, which is always considered to be complex and irreversible. In this review, we discuss the pathological mechanisms of diabetic renal fibrosis and discussed some signaling pathways that are closely related to it, such as the TGF-β, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, and Notch pathways. The cross-talks among these pathways were then discussed to elucidate the complicated cascade behind the tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Finally, we summarized the new drugs with potential therapeutic effects on renal fibrosis and listed related clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms and related pathways of renal fibrosis in DKD and to provide novel therapeutic intervention insights for clinical research to delay the progression of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Creamer TJ, Bramel EE, MacFarlane EG. Insights on the Pathogenesis of Aneurysm through the Study of Hereditary Aortopathies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:183. [PMID: 33514025 PMCID: PMC7912671 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are permanent and localized dilations of the aorta that predispose patients to a life-threatening risk of aortic dissection or rupture. The identification of pathogenic variants that cause hereditary forms of TAA has delineated fundamental molecular processes required to maintain aortic homeostasis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) elaborate and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to mechanical and biochemical cues from their environment. Causal variants for hereditary forms of aneurysm compromise the function of gene products involved in the transmission or interpretation of these signals, initiating processes that eventually lead to degeneration and mechanical failure of the vessel. These include mutations that interfere with transduction of stimuli from the matrix to the actin-myosin cytoskeleton through integrins, and those that impair signaling pathways activated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In this review, we summarize the features of the healthy aortic wall, the major pathways involved in the modulation of VSMC phenotypes, and the basic molecular functions impaired by TAA-associated mutations. We also discuss how the heterogeneity and balance of adaptive and maladaptive responses to the initial genetic insult might contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Creamer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily E. Bramel
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Predoctoral Training in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Guo J, Zhang XLN, Bao ZR, Yang XK, Li LS, Zi Y, Li F, Wu CY, Li JJ, Yuan Y. Gastrodin Regulates the Notch Signaling Pathway and Sirt3 in Activated Microglia in Cerebral Hypoxic-Ischemia Neonatal Rats and in Activated BV-2 Microglia. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:348-362. [PMID: 33095377 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In response to hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), microglia activation and its mediated inflammation contribute to neuronal damage. Inhibition of over-activated microglia is deemed to be a potential therapeutic strategy. Our previous studies showed that gastrodin efficiently depressed the neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia in HIBD neonatal rats. The underlying mechanisms through which gastrodin acts on activated microglia have not been fully elucidated. This study is designed to determine whether gastrodin would regulate the Notch signaling pathway and Sirtuin3 (Sirt3), which are implicated in regulating microglia activation. The present results showed that gastrodin markedly suppressed the expression of members of Notch signaling pathway (Notch-1, NICD, RBP-JK and Hes-1) in activated microglia both in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, Sirt3 expression was enhanced. In BV-2 microglia treated with a γ-secretase inhibitor of Notch pathway- DAPT, the expression of RBP-JK, Hes-1, and NICD was suppressed in activated microglia. Treatment with DAPT and gastrodin further decreased NICD and Hes-1 expression. Sirt3 expression was also decreased after DAPT treatment. However, Sirt3 expression in activated BV-2 microglia given a combined DAPT and gastrodin treatment was not further increased. In addition, combination of DAPT and Gastrodin cumulatively decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression. The results suggest that gastrodin regulates microglia activation via the Notch signaling pathway and Sirt3. More importantly, interference of the Notch signaling pathway inhibited Sirt3 expression, indicating that Sirt3 is a downstream gene of the Notch signaling pathway. It is suggested that Notch and Sirt3 synergistically regulate microglia activation such as in TNF-α production.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Benzyl Alcohols/pharmacokinetics
- Benzyl Alcohols/pharmacology
- Carotid Artery, Common
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebral Cortex/pathology
- Corpus Callosum/pathology
- Diamines/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Synergism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glucosides/pharmacokinetics
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/drug therapy
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology
- Ligation
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/metabolism
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/drug therapy
- Random Allocation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Notch1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sirtuins/biosynthesis
- Sirtuins/genetics
- Sirtuins/physiology
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Li-Na Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, 650500, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhang-Rui Bao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xue-Ke Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ling-Shuang Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yu Zi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chun-Yun Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Yuan H, Xu J, Zhu Y, Li L, Wang Q, Yu Y, Zhou B, Liu Y, Xu X, Wang Z. Activation of calcium‑sensing receptor‑mediated autophagy in high glucose‑induced cardiac fibrosis in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2021-2031. [PMID: 32705187 PMCID: PMC7411369 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is a major complication of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) that is primarily caused by cardiac fibroblasts that are highly activated by persistent hyperglycemic stimulation, resulting in excessive collagen deposition. Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and regulates intracellular calcium concentrations, which are associated with numerous diseases, including myocardial infarction, tumors and pulmonary hypertension. However, whether CaSR participates in the pathological process of myocardial fibrosis in DCM remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism via which CaSR regulates high glucose (HG)-induced cardiac fibrosis in vitro. HG treated-cardiac fibroblast (CFs) were used and western blotting, immunoprecipitation, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, ELISA and transfection technology were performed to examine the role of CaSR. In the HG group, treatment with HG increased CaSR, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I/III and matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 expression and enhanced autophagosome generation and CF proliferation. Furthermore, CaSR activation upregulated the expression of Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2), which led to increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, increased ubiquitination levels of SKI like proto-oncogene and Smad7 and autophagy activation. Furthermore, the CaSR agonist (R568) or the CaSR inhibitor (Calhex231) and Smurf2-small interfering RNA promoted or inhibited HG-induced alterations, including the enhanced and weakened effects, respectively. Taken together, the results from the present study suggested that increased CaSR expression in CFs activated the Smurf2-ubiquitin proteasome and autophagy, causing excessive CF proliferation and extensive collagen deposition, which resulted in HG-induced myocardial fibrosis. These findings indicated a novel pathogenesis of DCM and may provide a novel strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment and Department of Pathophysiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment and Department of Pathophysiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Zhu
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment and Department of Pathophysiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment and Department of Pathophysiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Mudanjiang First People's Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yaquan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yang Zhou Hong Quan Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Mudanjiang Cardiovascular Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment and Department of Pathophysiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment and Department of Pathophysiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- Department of Postgraduate Management, The First Clinical Medicine School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
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Yang Q, Hu J, Yang Y, Chen Z, Feng J, Zhu Z, Wang H, Yang D, Liang W, Ding G. Sirt6 deficiency aggravates angiotensin II-induced cholesterol accumulation and injury in podocytes. Theranostics 2020; 10:7465-7479. [PMID: 32642006 PMCID: PMC7330847 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed renal lipid metabolism, especially cholesterol dysregulation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We recently reported that angiotensin (Ang) II could induce cholesterol accumulation and injury in podocytes. However, the underlying mechanisms for these alterations remain unknown. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis of renal biopsy specimens from patients with hypertensive nephropathy (HN) suggests the involvement of Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) in Ang II-induced dysregulation of glomerular cholesterol. Using a podocyte-specific Sirt6 knockout mouse model, the effects of Sirt6 on Ang II-induced cholesterol accumulation in podocytes and the therapeutic efficacies of cholesterol-lowering agents were evaluated. Results: Cholesterol accumulation was detected in the podocytes of Ang II-infused mice, whereas selective deletion of Sirt6 in podocytes not only increased cholesterol accumulation in these cells but also exacerbated Ang II-induced kidney injury. Deletion of Sirt6 also attenuated the protective effect of cyclodextrin (CD) on Ang II-induced urinary albumin excretion, glomerulosclerosis and podocyte injury. In addition, we demonstrated that Sirt6 affected cholesterol efflux in podocytes by regulating the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1). Conclusions: These findings provide evidence that Sirt6 is a potential target for renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-associated podocyte injury and provide a rationale for the application of cholesterol-lowering agents in patients with CKD.
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Malashicheva A, Kostina A, Kostareva A, Irtyuga O, Gordeev M, Uspensky V. Notch signaling in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysms: A bridge between embryonic and adult states. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165631. [PMID: 31816439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysms of the thoracic aorta are a "silent killer" with no evident clinical signs until the fatal outcome. Molecular and genetic bases of thoracic aortic aneurysms mainly include transforming growth factor beta signaling, smooth muscle contractile units and metabolism genes, and extracellular matrix genes. In recent studies, a role of Notch signaling, among other pathways, has emerged in disease pathogenesis. Notch is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates the development and differentiation of many types of tissues and influences major cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Mutations in several Notch signaling components have been associated with a number of heart defects, demonstrating an essential role of Notch signaling both in cardiovascular system development and its maintenance during postnatal life. This review discusses the role of Notch signaling in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysms considering development and maintenance of the aortic root and how developmental regulations by Notch signaling may influence thoracic aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malashicheva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova, 2, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretskiy, 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg State University, Department of Embryology, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra Kostina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova, 2, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretskiy, 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova, 2, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Irtyuga
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova, 2, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Gordeev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova, 2, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Uspensky
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova, 2, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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11
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Yuan H, Xu J, Xu X, Gao T, Wang Y, Fan Y, Hu J, Shao Y, Zhao B, Li H, Sun J, Xu C. Calhex 231 Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis via Inhibiting Itch-Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway in Vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1337-1344. [PMID: 31167987 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes, and features myocardial fibrosis as its main pathological feature. Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor, which involves in myocardial fibrosis by regulation of calcium homeostasis. Calhex231, the CaSR inhibitor, is not clear whether it regulates myocardial fibrosis in DCM. In the present study, type 1 diabetic (T1D) rats and primary neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were used to observe the role of Calhex231. In vivo experiments showed that in the T1D group, contractile dysfunction and the deposition of collagen I and III were obvious after 12 weeks. In vitro experiments, we found that high glucose (HG) could increase the expression of CaSR, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) collagen I/III, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP9, along with cardiac fibroblast migration and proliferation. We further demonstrated that CaSR activation increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and upregulated the expression of Itch (atrophin-1 interacting protein 4), which resulted in increasing the ubiquitination levels of Smad7 and upregulating the expression of p-Smad2, p-Smad3. However, treatment with Calhex231 clearly inhibited the above-mentioned changes. Collectively these results suggest that Calhex231 could inhibit Itch-ubiquitin proteasome and TGF-β1/Smads pathways, and then depress the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, along with the reduction deposition of collagen, alleviate glucose-induced myocardial fibrosis. Our findings indicate an important new mechanism for myocardial fibrosis, and suggest Calhex231 would be a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment, Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment, Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment, Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Tielei Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yiying Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Medical Functional Experiment, Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University
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12
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Yuan H, Fan Y, Wang Y, Gao T, Shao Y, Zhao B, Li H, Xu C, Wei C. Calcium‑sensing receptor promotes high glucose‑induced myocardial fibrosis via upregulation of the TGF‑β1/Smads pathway in cardiac fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1093-1102. [PMID: 31173208 PMCID: PMC6625450 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes and myocardial fibrosis is its major pathological feature. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor and participates in the regulation of calcium homeostasis; it is implicated in a range of diseases, including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction and pulmonary hypertension. However, whether CaSR is associated with myocardial fibrosis in DCM has remained elusive. In the present study, type 1 diabetic (T1D) rats and primary neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were used to observe changes in CaSR to assess its potential as an indicator of myocardial fibrosis. The in vivo experiments revealed that in the T1D and CaSR agonist (R568) groups, evident collagen (Col)-I and -III deposition was present after 12 weeks. Furthermore, the in vitro experiment indicated that the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, phosphorylated (p-) protein kinase C, p-p38, p-Smad2, TβRI, TβRII, along with the intracellular Ca2+ levels and the content of TGF-β1 in the culture medium were significantly increased in a high-glucose (HG) group and an R568-treated group. Treatment with the CaSR inhibitor Calhex231 significantly inhibited the abovementioned changes. Collectively, the results indicated that the increase of CaSR expression in CFs may induce intracellular Ca2+ increases and the activation of TGF-β1/Smads, and enhance the proliferation of CFs, along with the excessive deposition of Col, resulting in myocardial fibrosis. The present results indicate an important novel mechanism for HG-induced myocardial fibrosis and suggest that CaSR may be a promising potential therapeutic target for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Tielei Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Can Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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13
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Hochane M, van den Berg PR, Fan X, Bérenger-Currias N, Adegeest E, Bialecka M, Nieveen M, Menschaart M, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Semrau S. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals gene expression dynamics of human fetal kidney development. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000152. [PMID: 30789893 PMCID: PMC6400406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The current understanding of mammalian kidney development is largely based on mouse models. Recent landmark studies revealed pervasive differences in renal embryogenesis between mouse and human. The scarcity of detailed gene expression data in humans therefore hampers a thorough understanding of human kidney development and the possible developmental origin of kidney diseases. In this paper, we present a single-cell transcriptomics study of the human fetal kidney. We identified 22 cell types and a host of marker genes. Comparison of samples from different developmental ages revealed continuous gene expression changes in podocytes. To demonstrate the usefulness of our data set, we explored the heterogeneity of the nephrogenic niche, localized podocyte precursors, and confirmed disease-associated marker genes. With close to 18,000 renal cells from five different developmental ages, this study provides a rich resource for the elucidation of human kidney development, easily accessible through an interactive web application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazène Hochane
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Xueying Fan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Esmée Adegeest
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Bialecka
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Nieveen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Semrau
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Rinschen MM, Huesgen PF, Koch RE. The podocyte protease web: uncovering the gatekeepers of glomerular disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1812-F1816. [PMID: 30230368 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00380.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases regulate glomerular physiology. The last decade has revealed a multitude of podocyte proteases that govern the glomerular response to numerous chemical, mechanical, and metabolic cues. These proteases form a protein signaling web that integrates stress stimuli and serves as a key controller of the glomerular microenvironment. Both the extracellular and intracellular proteolytic networks are perturbed in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy. Accordingly, the highly intertwined podocyte protease web is an integrative part of the podocyte's damage response. Novel mass spectrometry-based technologies will help to untangle this proteolytic network: functional readouts acquired from deep podocyte proteomics, single glomerular proteomics, and degradomics have exposed unanticipated protease activity in podocytes. Future efforts should characterize the interdependency and upstream regulation of key proteases, along with their role in promoting tissue heterogeneity in glomerular diseases. These efforts will not only illuminate the machinery of podocyte proteostasis but also reveal avenues for therapeutic intervention in the podocyte protease web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich , Germany
| | - Rachelle E Koch
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Wyss JC, Kumar R, Mikulic J, Schneider M, Aebi JD, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Golshayan D. Targeted γ-secretase inhibition of Notch signaling activation in acute renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F736-F746. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00414.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway has been reported to control tissue damage in acute kidney diseases. To investigate potential beneficial nephroprotective effects of targeting Notch, we developed chemically functionalized γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) targeting γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT) and/or γ-glutamylcyclotransferase (γ-GCT), two enzymes overexpressed in the injured kidney, and evaluated them in in vivo murine models of acute tubular and glomerular damage. Exposure of the animals to disease-inducing drugs together with the functionalized GSIs improved proteinuria and, to some extent, kidney dysfunction. The expression of genes involved in the Notch pathway, acute inflammatory stress responses, and the renin-angiotensin system was enhanced in injured kidneys, which could be downregulated upon administration of functionalized GSIs. Immunohistochemistry staining and Western blots demonstrated enhanced activation of Notch1 as detected by its cleaved active intracellular domain during acute kidney injury, and this was downregulated by concomitant treatment with the functionalized GSIs. Thus targeted γ-secretase-based prodrugs developed as substrates for γ-GT/γ-GCT have the potential to selectively control Notch activation in kidney diseases with subsequent regulation of the inflammatory stress response and the renin-angiotensin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Wyss
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josip Mikulic
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Schneider
- Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes D. Aebi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Institute of Pathology, CHUV and UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dela Golshayan
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Chen X, Qin Y, Zhou T, Jiang L, Lei F, Qin H, Zhang L, Zhou Z. The potential role of retinoic acid receptor α on glomerulosclerosis in rats and podocytes injury is associated with the induction of MMP2 and MMP9. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:669-679. [PMID: 28645189 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) plays a crucial role in kidney disease. However, the underlying mechanisms in glomerulosclerosis (GS) is still not clear. The roles of RARα in an adriamycin (ADR)-induced GS rat model and in ADR-induced podocyte injury in vitro were investigated. RARα was over-expressed in GS rats, and serum, urine and kidney samples were collected to detect the induction of the expression of the receptor. RARα expression was inhibited and/or over-expressed in cultured podocytes following injury, as demonstrated by morphometric assays, cell toxicity, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymatic activity. RARα displayed a renoprotective role in GS rats, resulting in a lower GS index, podocyte foot process fusion, and proteinuria, reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Further experiments indicated that RARα inhibited the accumulation of TGF-β1, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen IV, and fibronectin, while it induced MMP2 and MMP9 excessive expression in podocytes in vitro. RARα improved the renal function and attenuated the progression of GS that was associated with the over-expression of MMP2 and MMP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Chen
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yuanhan Qin
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fengying Lei
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - He Qin
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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17
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Baeten JT, Lilly B. Notch Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 78:351-382. [PMID: 28212801 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway involved in cell fate determination in embryonic development and also functions in the regulation of physiological processes in several systems. It plays an especially important role in vascular development and physiology by influencing angiogenesis, vessel patterning, arterial/venous specification, and vascular smooth muscle biology. Aberrant or dysregulated Notch signaling is the cause of or a contributing factor to many vascular disorders, including inherited vascular diseases, such as cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, associated with degeneration of the smooth muscle layer in cerebral arteries. Like most signaling pathways, the Notch signaling axis is influenced by complex interactions with mediators of other signaling pathways. This complexity is also compounded by different members of the Notch family having both overlapping and unique functions. Thus, it is vital to fully understand the roles and interactions of each Notch family member in order to effectively and specifically target their exact contributions to vascular disease. In this chapter, we will review the Notch signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells as it relates to vascular development and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Baeten
- The Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - B Lilly
- The Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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