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Alkhalaf M, Mohamed NA, El-Toukhy SE. Prophylactic consequences of sodium salicylate nanoparticles in cisplatin-mediated hepatotoxicity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10045. [PMID: 37344526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Unintended side effects linked to the antineoplastic drug cisplatin are a major drawback in its clinical application. The underlying source of these side effects include the generation of reactive oxygen species which are toxic and damaging to tissues and organs. In the present study the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of sodium salicylate was assessed against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Sodium salicylate was used as a model drug and loading into hollow structured porous silica using ultrasound-assisted sol-gel method to produce a nanoemulsion. Transmission Electron Microscopy and Dynamic Light scattering analysis were employed to assess the structural properties and stability of this model. Liver function was assessed by measuring biomarkers including ALT, AST & GGT and oxidant/antioxidant markers including MDA, NO, PON, GSH, MCP1 & AVP in serum or liver tissue. Additionally, blood leukocyte DNA damage was evaluated. Cisplatin significantly altered the normal levels of all biomarkers confirming its hepatotoxic effects. In contrast, treatment with sodium salicylate-loaded silica nanoemulsion significantly restored the levels of these markers. The finding suggests the protective effects of this model drug in preventing cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, and therefore may have implications in attenuating cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alkhalaf
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nadia A Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Mahfouz H, Dahran N, Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A, Abd El-Hakim YM, Metwally MMM, Alqahtani LS, Abdelmawlla HA, Wahab HA, Shamlan G, Nassan MA, Gaber RA. Stabilization of glutathione redox dynamics and CYP2E1 by green synthesized Moringa oleifera-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles against acrylamide induced hepatotoxicity in rat model: Morphometric and molecular perspectives. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113744. [PMID: 36965644 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The terrible reality is that acrylamide (AA) is a common food contaminant found in a wide variety of commonly consumed foods. This research involves the advancement of a more dependable technique for the bio-fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) through the green method using Moringa Oleifera extract (MO-ZNPs) as an efficient chelating agent for acrylamide (AA). The effects of AA on glutathione redox dynamics, liver function, lipid profile, and zinc residues in Sprague Dawley rats are investigated. Finally, the microarchitecture and immunohistochemical staining of Caspase-3 and CYP2E1 were determined in the liver tissue of rats. Four separate groups, including control, MO-ZNPs (10 mg/kg b.wt), AA (20 mg/kg b.wt), and AA + MO-ZNPs for 60 days. The results revealed a suppressed activity of glutathione redox enzymes (GSH, GPX,and GSR) on both molecular and biochemical levels. Also, AA caused elevated liver enzymes, hepatosomatic index, and immunohistochemical staining of caspase-3 and CYP2E1 expression. MO-ZNPs co-treatment, on the other hand, stabilized glutathione-related enzyme gene expression, normalized hepatocellular enzyme levels, and restored hepatic tissue microarchitectures. It could be assumed that MO-ZNPs is a promising hepatoprotective molecule for alleviating AA-induced hepatotoxicity. We witnessed changes in glutathione redox dynamics to be restorative. Glutathione and cytochrome P450 2E1 play crucial roles in AA detoxification, so maintaining a healthy glutathione redox cycle is necessary for disposing of AA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Mahfouz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Leena S Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Abdelraheem Abdelmawlla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia; Anatomy and Embryology Department, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Hazim A Wahab
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menofiya University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, PO Box 11099,Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rasha A Gaber
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Marković Filipović J, Miler M, Kojić D, Karan J, Ivelja I, Čukuranović Kokoris J, Matavulj M. Effect of Acrylamide Treatment on Cyp2e1 Expression and Redox Status in Rat Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6062. [PMID: 35682741 PMCID: PMC9181519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) toxicity is associated with oxidative stress. During detoxification, AA is either coupled to gluthatione or biotransformed to glycidamide by the enzyme cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). The aim of our study was to examine the hepatotoxicity of AA in vivo and in vitro. Thirty male Wistar rats were treated with 25 or 50 mg/kg b.w. of AA for 3 weeks. Qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical evaluation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CYP2E1, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and SOD2 expression in liver was carried out. Bearing in mind that the liver is consisted mainly of hepatocytes, in a parallel study, we used the rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE to investigate the effects of AA at IC20 and IC50 concentrations on the redox status and the activity of CAT, SOD, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), their gene expression, and CYP2E1 and iNOS expression. Immunohistochemically stained liver sections showed that treatment with AA25mg induced a significant decrease of CYP2E1 protein expression (p < 0.05), while treatment with AA50mg led to a significant increase of iNOS protein expression (p < 0.05). AA treatment dose-dependently elevated SOD2 protein expression (p < 0.05), while SOD1 protein expression was significantly increased only at AA50mg (p < 0.05). CAT protein expression was not significantly affected by AA treatments (p > 0.05). In AA-treated H4IIE cells, a concentration-dependent significant increase in lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels was observed (p < 0.05), while GSH content and SOD activity significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). AA IC50 significantly enhanced GST activity (p < 0.05). The level of mRNA significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner for iNOS, SOD2, and CAT in AA-treated H4IIE cells (p < 0.05). AA IC50 significantly increased the transcription of SOD1, GSTA2, and GSTP1 genes (p < 0.05), while AA IC20 significantly decreased mRNA for CYP2E1 in H4IIE cells (p < 0.05). Obtained results indicate that AA treatments, both in vivo and in vitro, change hepatocytes; drug-metabolizing potential and disturb its redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Marković Filipović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (J.K.); (I.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danijela Kojić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (J.K.); (I.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Jelena Karan
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (J.K.); (I.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Ivana Ivelja
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (J.K.); (I.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Jovana Čukuranović Kokoris
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Milica Matavulj
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.K.); (J.K.); (I.I.); (M.M.)
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Akinluyi E, Aderibigbe A, Adeoluwa O, Adebesin A, Adeoluwa G. Ameliorating Effect of Morin Hydrate on Chronic Restraint Stress-induced Biochemical Disruption, Neuronal, and Behavioral Dysfunctions in BALB/c Mice. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:393-406. [PMID: 36457885 PMCID: PMC9706294 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2022.1059.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morin hydrate (MH) is a bioflavonoid component of many fruits and vegetables. Our previous research demonstrated that MH provides neuroprotection in mouse models of acute restraint stress and sleep deprivation by attenuating hippocampal neuronal damage and enhancing memory. Based on these findings, our study investigated the role of MH in chronic stress-induced neuronal and biochemical perturbations in BALB/c mice. METHODS Male BALB/c mice were divided into 6 groups (n=6). Groups 1 and 2 received vehicle (10 mL/kg normal saline), groups 3-5 received MH (5, 10, 20 mg/kg IP), while group 6 received ginseng (25 mg/kg) daily and 30 minutes afterward were restrained in a plastic cylindrical restrainer for 14 days. RESULTS Immobility time in the forced swim test increased in the MH-treated group, indicating an antidepressant-like effect. Also, a reduction in frequency and duration of open arms exploration was observed in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test in stressed mice, and administration of MH (5, 10, 20 mg/kg, IP) reversed these effects. An increase in blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and brain malondialdehyde and nitrite levels was observed in the stressed groups, which was reversed by MH. Furthermore, MH reversed the stress-induced reduction in HDL cholesterol and glutathione (GSH) levels and attenuated stress-induced alterations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that MH attenuated chronic restraint stress-behavioral and biochemical perturbations, probably due to its capability to decrease oxidative stress and brain neuronal damage. HIGHLIGHTS Chronic stress perturbs physiological and psychological homeostasis;Morin hydrate normalized chronic stress-induced biochemical disruptions;Morin hydrate attenuated structural changes in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Stress is a state of being overwhelmed by demands exceeding the personal and social means of coping. Exposure to excessive stress has resulted in disruption of neurochemical and physiological processes, which sometimes manifest as behavioural abnormalities. Therefore to cope with the stressful life style, there is need to develop a therapeutic agent of plant origin. Morin hydrate is a flavonoid with known antioxidant and neuroprotective properties; however, its effect in a stressful condition has not been studies. The study thus evaluated ameliorating effect of Morin hydrate on chronic restraint stress-induced biochemical disruption, neuronal and behavioral dysfunctions in BALB/c mice. To achieve this, mice were exposed to chronic restraint stress protocol for fourteen days. Behavioural changes were examined using various techniques. The vital parameters like antioxidant, glucose and nitrite levels were also taken. Our findings show that Morin hydrate prevented behavioral abnormalities and damage to the brain cells. It also inhibited stress-induced biochemical disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Akinluyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adegbuyi Aderibigbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Adeoluwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze Adebesin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Gladys Adeoluwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Mori Y, Kobayashi H, Fujita Y, Yatagawa M, Kato S, Kawanishi S, Murata M, Oikawa S. Mechanism of reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative DNA damage induced by acrylohydroxamic acid, a putative metabolite of acrylamide. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 873:503420. [PMID: 35094805 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is formed during the heating of food and is also found in cigarette smoke. It is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A). Glycidamide, an epoxide metabolite of acrylamide, is implicated in the mechanism of acrylamide carcinogenicity. Acrylamide causes oxidative DNA damage in target organs. We sought to clarify the mechanism of acrylamide-induced oxidative DNA damage by investigating site-specific DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by a putative metabolite of acrylamide, acrylohydroxamic acid (AA). Our results, using 32P-5'-end-labeled DNA fragments, indicated that, although AA alone did not damage DNA, AA treated with amidase induced DNA damage in the presence of Cu(II). DNA cleavage occurred preferentially at T and C, and particularly at T in 5'-TG-3' sequences, and the DNA cleavage pattern was similar to that of hydroxylamine. The DNA damage was inhibited by methional, catalase, and Cu(I)-chelator bathocuproine, suggesting that H2O2 and Cu(I) are involved in the mechanism of DNA damage induced by AA treated with amidase. In addition, amidase-treated AA increased 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine formation in calf thymus DNA, an indicator of oxidative DNA damage, in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, hydroxylamine, possibly produced from AA treated with amidase, was autoxidized via the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycle and H2O2 generation, suggesting that oxidative DNA damage induced by ROS plays an important role in acrylamide-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Mori
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani, Gifu, 509-0293, Japan
| | - Hatasu Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3, Minamitamagaki, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Minami Yatagawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Kato
- Radioisotope Experimental Facility, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3, Minamitamagaki, Suzuka, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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Abarikwu SO, Njoku RCC, John IG, Amadi BA, Mgbudom-Okah CJ, Onuah CL. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects of rutin and kolaviron against busulfan-induced testicular injuries in rats. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021; 68:151-161. [PMID: 34753368 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2021.1989727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There are few treatment options, including the use of natural phenolics-based combination therapy for mitigating male infertility conditions associated with chemotherapy. Busulfan is an anti-cancer drug that leads to testicular problems in humans. Here, we studied the effect of co-treatment of rutin and kolaviron against busulfan-induced testis damage. Young adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected busulfan (4 mg/kg b.w), and then orally administered rutin (30 mg/kg b.w), and kolaviron (50 mg/kg b.w) alone and combined for 60 days. Results revealed that rutin and kolaviron alone or in combination reversed busulfan-induced increase in oxidative stress along with sperm quality of treated animals. However, kolaviron and rutin separately improved the concentrations of MDA and GSH and sperm quality more than when they were combined. Similarly, rutin and kolaviron separately or in combination preserved spermatogenesis and relieved busulfan-induced increase in nitric oxide concentration, myeloperoxidase and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities. Co-supplementation with kolaviron but not rutin nor when rutin was combined with kolaviron also improved the testicular level of tumor necrosis-alpha. Finally, the histological features in the testes caused by busulfan were reversed by rutin, whereas treatment with kolaviron alone or in combination with rutin partially protected the testis from busulfan-induced injury as demonstrated by the appearance of few germ cells, damaged tubules, loss of round spermatids and defoliation of the seminiferous epithelium. Thus, the combined treatment regimen of rutin and kolaviron sparingly prevented busulfan-induced testicular injuries in rats.Abbreviations: CAT: Catalase; GSH: Glutathione; 3β-HSD: 3β- hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis-alpha; BUS: Busulfan; RUT: Rutin; KV: Kolaviron; TBARS: Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay; NAD: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (oxidized); ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Rex-Clovis C Njoku
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme-Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma G John
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin A Amadi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | | | - Chigozie L Onuah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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Ezim OE, Abarikwu SO. Therapeutic effects of fluted pumpkin seeds on cadmium-induced testicular injury. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1965623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ogechukwu E. Ezim
- Reproductive Biology and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Sunny O. Abarikwu
- Reproductive Biology and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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A Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Renal Interstitial Fibrosis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6667791. [PMID: 34055995 PMCID: PMC8147530 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is the main pathological manifestation of end-stage renal disease. Recent studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathogenesis and development of RIF. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as an effective treatment for kidney diseases, can improve kidney damage by affecting the apoptotic signaling pathway mediated by ER stress. This article reviews the apoptotic pathways mediated by ER stress, including the three major signaling pathways of unfolded protein response, the main functions of the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein. We also present current research on TCM treatment of RIF, focusing on medicines that regulate ER stress. A new understanding of using TCM to treat kidney disease by regulating ER stress will promote clinical application of Chinese medicine and discovery of new drugs for the treatment of RIF.
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Thakur K, Zhu YY, Feng JY, Zhang JG, Hu F, Prasad C, Wei ZJ. Morin as an imminent functional food ingredient: an update on its enhanced efficacy in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndromes. Food Funct 2021; 11:8424-8443. [PMID: 33043925 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01444c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids represent polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites with a general structure of a 15-carbon skeleton comprising two phenyl rings and a heterocyclic ring. Over 5000 natural flavonoids (flavanones, flavanonols, and flavans) from various plants have been characterized. Several studies provide novel and promising insights into morin hydrate for its different biological activities against a series of metabolic syndromes. The present review is a rendition of its sources, chemistry, functional potency, and protective effects on metabolic syndromes ranging from cancer to brain injury. Most importantly this systematic review article also highlights the mechanisms of interest to morin-mediated management of metabolic disorders. The key mechanisms (anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory) responsible for its therapeutic potential are well featured after collating the in vitro and in vivo study reports. As a whole, based on the prevailing information rationalizing its medicinal use, morin can be identified as a therapeutic agent for the expansion of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yun-Yang Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Chandan Prasad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA. and Department of Medicine, LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Singh MP, Sharma C, Kang SC. Morin hydrate attenuates adenine-induced renal fibrosis via targeting cathepsin D signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107234. [PMID: 33310295 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal proteases such as cathepsins B, D, L, and K can regulate the process of fibrosis in most of the organs. However, the role of cathepsin D (CATD) in kidney fibrosis and corresponding chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still unknown. We investigated whether CATD immunomodulation using morin hydrate (MH) can attenuate kidney fibrosis in CKD. Here, CKD was developed by an oral dosage of adenine (AD) in the mice model. Histopathological detection using H & E and Oil-Red-O staining revealed tissue deposition. An escalation in serum creatinine, albumin, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) revealed a failure in kidney function. An increase in fibrosis was determined using protein analysis and mRNA analysis of MMP-9 and MMP-2 respectively. Both immunoblot analysis and histological analysis indicated that MH immunomudulated CATD expression in AD treated kidneys. With docking analysis, we found MH can bind with the catalytic core of CATD with binding efficiency of -6.83 kcal/mol. Further, MH prevented AD mediated fibrosis by reducing collagen fragmentation as evidenced by the decrease in MMP-2 (P < 0.05) and MMP-9 (P < 0.001) protein levels. MH lowered the levels of inflammation by reducing the AD enhanced expression of MCP-1 and COX-2 nearly threefold. MH treatment increased body weight, enhance kidney function, and improved survival by nearly 150% compared to AD treated mice. CATD inactivation by MH after AD treatment resulted in decreased ECM degradation, fibrosis, and inflammation which resulted in improved renal function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Pal Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN55905, USA
| | - Chanchal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Morin Hydrate Sensitizes Hepatoma Cells and Xenograft Tumor towards Cisplatin by Downregulating PARP-1-HMGB1 Mediated Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218253. [PMID: 33158052 PMCID: PMC7885522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy influences anticancer drug sensitivity and cellular death in various cancer cell lines. However, the fundamental mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still unidentified. We demonstrated anti-cancerous role of cisplatin (CP) and morin hydrate (Mh) as an individual and/or in combination (CP-Mh) in hepatoma cells and tumor model. Exposure of CP resulted in the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cellular vacuolization, expansion of mitochondria membrane and activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress. Consequently, Cyt c translocation led to the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which simultaneously triggered caspase-mediated cellular apoptosis. In addition, CP-induced PARP-1 activation led to ADP-ribosylation of HMGB1, which consequently developed autophagy as evident by the LC3I/II ratio. Chemically-induced inhibition of autophagy marked by increased cell death signified a protective role of autophagy against CP treatment. CP-Mh abrogates the PARP-1 expression and significantly reduced HMGB1-cytoplasmic translocation with subsequent inhibition of the HMGB1-Beclin1 complex formation. In the absence of PARP-1, a reduced HMGB1 mediated autophagy was observed followed by induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. To confirm the role of PARP-1-HMGB1 signaling in autophagy, we used the PARP-1 inhibitor, 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (ANI), HMGB1 inhibitor, ethyl pyruvate (EP), autophagy inhibitors, 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) and bafilomycin (baf) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) to target Atg5 in combination of CP and Mh. Exposure to these inhibitors enhanced the sensitivity of HepG2 cells to CP. Collectively, our findings indicate that CP-Mh in combination served as a prominent regulator of autophagy and significant inducer of apoptosis that maintains a homeostatic balance towards HepG2 cells and the subcutaneous tumor model.
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Hajimohammadi B, Athari SM, Abdollahi M, Vahedi G, Athari SS. Oral Administration of Acrylamide Worsens the Inflammatory Responses in the Airways of Asthmatic Mice Through Agitation of Oxidative Stress in the Lungs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1940. [PMID: 33162970 PMCID: PMC7581680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide is a toxic chemical substance produced when starch-rich foods are fried at high temperatures. Asthma is a chronic and complicated respiratory disease, of which genetic and environmental factors are the main triggers. Orally-received components may have an effect on asthma pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AA as a stimulus in asthma. BALB/c mice were allocated into four groups as follows: two OVA-sensitized asthmatic groups, including one treated with AA by gavage feeding and one non-treated (asthma group), and two healthy (non-asthmatic) groups, one treated with AA by gavage feeding and one non-treated (negative control group). Airway hyperresponsiveness, cell count, cytokine levels in BAL fluid, lung histopathology, IgE levels, and oxidative stress indices including plasma level of MDA, pulmonary antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) levels, HP content, and collagen fiber accumulation in lung tissue were measured. We found that the group of mice treated with both OVA and AA (asthmatic and AA-treated mice) experienced higher levels of asthma-associated biomarkers, including higher enhanced pause (Penh value), eosinophilic inflammation, mucus hyper secretion, goblet cell hyperplasia, total and OVA-specific IgE levels, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels than the group sensitized only with OVA (asthmatic mice). The OVA-AA-treated mice also experienced worsened levels of oxidative stress indicators. Healthy (non-asthmatic) mice that only received AA were in similar conditions to healthy untreated mice (negative control group). The OVA-AA-treated group showed more severe allergic asthma symptoms in comparison to the group only sensitized with OVA. Therefore, food/water contaminated with AA can act as a stimulant of allergic asthma and exacerbate the bronchial inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahador Hajimohammadi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Vahedi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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13
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Abarikwu SO, Mgbudom-Okah CJ, Onuah CL. The protective effect of rutin against busulfan-induced testicular damage in adult rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1035-1043. [PMID: 32757678 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1803905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we studied the protective effect of rutin (RUT) against testicular damage caused by busulfan (BUS) in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with BUS (4 mg/kg body weight at day 7 and 14), and then treated with RUT (30 mg/kg body weight) by gavage thrice weekly for 60 days. The results showed that BUS-induced increase in 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) was significantly decreased by RUT, whereas 17β-HSD activity and plasma testosterone concentration remained unaffected (p > 0.05). It was also observed that RUT inhibited BUS-induced increase in nitrite concentrations and myeloperoxidase enzyme activities in the plasma and testes (p < 0.05). Similarly, BUS-induced decrease in glutathione and increase in malondialdehyde concentrations in the testes were significantly normalized to control values by RUT. Finally, RUT administration showed some tendency to improve the architecture of the seminiferous epithelium of the rat's testes after BUS treatment. Overall, RUT inhibited BUS-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the testis of an experimental rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | | | - Chigozie L Onuah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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14
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Hamdy SM, El-Khayat Z, Farrag AR, Sayed ON, El-Sayed MM, Massoud D. Hepatoprotective effect of Raspberry ketone and white tea against acrylamide-induced toxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:722-730. [PMID: 32482111 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1772279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation was accomplished to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of White tea and Raspberry Ketone against toxicity induced by acrylamide in rats. Sixty adult male rats were divided randomly into group (I) control; group (II) rats received RK with dose (6 mg/kg/day); Group III: rats received 5 ml of WT extract/kg/day; Group IV rats received AA (5 mg/kg/day); Group V: rats administrated with both AA (5 mg/kg/day) and RK (6 mg/kg/day) and Group VI: rats administrated AA (5 mg/kg/day) and 5 ml of WT extract/kg/day. The biochemical assays exhibited a significant increase in serum levels of Adiponectin, AST, ALT, ALP of the group treated with acrylamide if compared to the control group and an improvement in their levels of groups V and VI. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings confirm the biochemical observations. In conclusion, the present investigation proved that the supplementation of WT and RK enhanced the liver histology, immunohistochemistry and biochemistry against the oxidative stress induced by acrylamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha M Hamdy
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Zakaria El-Khayat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Razik Farrag
- Pathology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola N Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mervat M El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Diaa Massoud
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
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15
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Abarikwu SO, Mgbudom-Okah CJ, Onuah CL, Ogunlaja A. Fluted pumpkin seeds protect against busulfan-induced oxidative stress and testicular injuries in adult mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 45:22-32. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1657885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. O. Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers, Nigeria
| | - C. J. Mgbudom-Okah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers, Nigeria
| | - C. L. Onuah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers, Nigeria
| | - A. Ogunlaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
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16
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Ezirim CY, Abarikwu SO, Uwakwe AA, Mgbudom-Okah CJ. Protective effects of Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev root extracts against induced testicular inflammation and impaired spermatogenesis in adult rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5983-5994. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Morin Hydrate Reverses Cisplatin Resistance by Impairing PARP1/HMGB1-Dependent Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070986. [PMID: 31311167 PMCID: PMC6678360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major obstacle that limits the benefits of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. De-regulation of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1)/high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) signaling pathway has been proposed as an important mechanism involved in cisplatin-resistance. In this study, we investigated therapeutic potential of a natural flavonoid Morin hydrate against cisplatin-induced toxicity using the HepG2DR multi-drug resistant cell line, which is derived from the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. HepG2DR cells were exposed to cisplatin and Morin hydrate alone or together after which autophagy and apoptotic signaling pathways were monitored by fluorometric assay and Western blot analysis. Xenograft mouse models were performed to confirm the in vitro effect of Morin hydrate. PARP1 was hyper activated in cisplatin-resistant HepG2DR cells. Cisplatin-induced PARP1 activation resulted in chemoresistance via increased autophagy. The cisplatin/Morin hydrate combination was effective in the reversal of the HepG2DR cell resistance via suppression of PARP1-mediated autophagy by regulating the HMGB1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3) I/II. Moreover, PARP1 inhibition by 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide or autophagy inhibition by a knockdown of the autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) gene resulted in sensitizing the HepG2DR cells to cisplatin (CP) through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. In a mouse xenograft model, the treatment of cisplatin with Morin hydrate reversed the increased expression of PARP and HMGB1 and significantly suppressed tumor growth. These findings indicate dysregulated expression of PARP1 confers cisplatin-resistance via autophagy activation in HepG2DR cells. Morin hydrate inhibits cisplatin-mediated autophagy induction, resulting in increased susceptibility of HepG2DR cells to cisplatin cytotoxicity. The combination of Morin hydrate with cisplatin may be a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
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18
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Abarikwu SO, Wokoma AFS, Mgbudom-Okah CJ, Omeodu SI, Ohanador R. Effect of Fe and Cd Co-Exposure on Testicular Steroid Metabolism, Morphometry, and Spermatogenesis in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:109-123. [PMID: 30291518 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of testicular toxicity of simultaneous multiple exposures to metals is poorly understood. Previous studies reported that the toxic effect of cadmium (Cd) is modified by tissue concentration of iron (Fe). Using the mice (Mus musculus) model in the present study, we demonstrated that combined Cd (25 mg kg-1 bw) and Fe (100 mg kg-1 bw) treatment increased both Cd and Fe testicular concentrations much more than separate exposures to either of the metals. Intratesticular Cd and Fe concentrations were inversely correlated (r = - 0.731, p < 0.05) on administration of Fe but not on combined exposure to both metals when they were positively correlated (versus Cd; r = 0.793, versus Fe; r = 0.779, p < 0.05). Additionally, Cd + Fe treatment increased testicular lipid peroxidation and depleted intratestesticular testosterone, cholesterol and glutathione concentrations much more than their separate treatment. This was also associated with decreased activity of the germ cell marker, testicular lactate dehydrogenase, and increased testicular myeloperoxidase activity. These changes resulted in decreased seminiferous epithelial height, tubular diameter, germ cell (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids) numbers, and severe tissue damage. In conclusion, Cd + Fe intake have synergistic toxic effects on testicular steroid formation and spermatogenesis due to the high testicular concentrations of both metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.
| | - Adaba F S Wokoma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | | | - Stephen I Omeodu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Robinson Ohanador
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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19
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Yadav B, Vishwakarma V, Kumar S, Aggarwal NK, Gupta R, Yadav A. Antigenotoxic effects of morin against lead induced genomic damage in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12883. [PMID: 31353713 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a well-known carcinogenic heavy metal. Exposure to Pb induces DNA damage by enhancing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the possible ways to shield DNA from this damage is to supply antioxidants that can remove free radicals generated by genotoxicants. Hence, the current study was designed to evaluate the antigenotoxic potential of a flavonoid compound; morin against Pb-induced genomic damage on cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The effect of Pb or morin or their combination was evaluated on the DNA damage using comet and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assays. The results indicated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the SCE frequency and various comet parameters in a dose-dependent manner upon treatment with lead as compared to control in cultured PBL. Supplementation of morin along with Pb effectively negated DNA damage as measured by SCE frequency and comet parameters. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Results of our current study suggest that the DNA damage induced by genotoxicants can be overcome by co-treatment with natural antioxidants, found in dietary supplements such as vegetables and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Veena Vishwakarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Neeraj K Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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20
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Li X, Yang H, Wang N, Sun T, Bian W, Choi MM. Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-doped Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the Detection of Morin and Cell Imaging. CURR ANAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180904104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Morin has many pharmacological functions including antioxidant, anticancer,
anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. It is commonly used in the treatment of antiviral infection,
gastropathy, coronary heart disease and hepatitis B in clinic. However, researches have shown
that morin is likely to show prooxidative effects on the cells when the amount of treatment is at high
dose, leading to the decrease of intracellular ATP levels and the increase of necrosis process. Therefore,
it is necessary to determine the concentration of morin in biologic samples.
Method:
Novel water-soluble and green nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (NSCDs) were prepared
by a microwave heating process with citric acid and L-cysteine. The fluorescence spectra were
collected at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm when solutions of NSCDs were mixed with various
concentrations of morin.
Results:
The as-prepared NSCDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The fluorescence intensity of NSCDs decreased significantly
with the increase of morin concentration. The fluorescence intensity of NSCDs displayed a linear
response to morin in the concentration 0.10-30 μM with a low detection limit of 56 nM. The proposed
fluorescent probe was applied to analysis of morin in human body fluids with recoveries of
98.0-102%.
Conclusion:
NSCDs were prepared by a microwave heating process. The present analytical method is
sensitive to morin. The quenching process between NSCDs and morin is attributed to the static
quenching. In addition, the cellular toxicity on HeLa cells indicated that the as-prepared NSCDs fluorescent
probe does not show obvious cytotoxicity in cell imaging. Our proposed method possibly
opens up a rapid and nontoxic way for preparing heteroatom doped carbon dots with a broad application
prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Li
- Shanxi Medical University, 030001 Taiyuan, China
| | - Haifen Yang
- Shanxi Medical University, 030001 Taiyuan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, 030001 Taiyuan, China
| | - Tijian Sun
- Shanxi Medical University, 030001 Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Shanxi Medical University, 030001 Taiyuan, China
| | - Martin M.F. Choi
- Bristol Chinese Christian Church, c/o Tyndale Baptist Church, 137-139 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 2QG, United Kingdom
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21
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Kuzu M, Kandemir FM, Yildirim S, Kucukler S, Caglayan C, Turk E. Morin attenuates doxorubicin-induced heart and brain damage by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:443-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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22
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Kim SH, Singh MP, Sharma C, Kang SC. Fumonisin B1 actuates oxidative stress-associated colonic damage via apoptosis and autophagy activation in murine model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22161. [PMID: 29785744 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic mechanism of Fumonisin B1 (FB1) in mice colonic region in a time course manner. Herein, after consecutive 4 days of exposure to FBI (2.5 mg/kg body weight), we observed disintegration of mice colon, as evidenced by histopathological analysis. FB1 significantly increased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in serum and plasma, decreased ceramide level, increased sphinganine level, and increased lipid peroxidase level along with the breakdown of the antioxidant system. Further, FB1-induced ER stress caused apoptosis and autophagy activation in mice colon, evidenced by increased expression of IRE1-α, p-JNK, Casp3, and LC3I/II. In addition, we also noticed a reduced protein kinase C expression in mice colon exposed to FB1, suggesting its role in ER stress-induced cell death. Taken together, study suggests both physiologically and biochemically, FB1 toxicity to mice colon induced by oxidative stress-associated apoptosis and autophagy activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ho Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahendra Pal Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanchal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
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Singh MP, Chauhan AK, Kang SC. Morin hydrate ameliorates cisplatin-induced ER stress, inflammation and autophagy in HEK-293 cells and mice kidney via PARP-1 regulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 56:156-167. [PMID: 29414646 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the possible therapeutic potential of a natural flavonoid morin hydrate (MH), against cisplatin (CP) induced toxicity in HEK-293 cells and mice kidney. Herein, we observed that exposure of HEK-293 cells to CP (20 μM, 24 h) reduced the cell viability, and increased the intracellular ROS generation, nuclear DNA damage, Ca++ release, and accumulation of acidic vacuoles. Concomitantly, acute exposure of CP (30 mg/kg, 72 h) to male ICR mice induced histopathological changes in kidney tissue, and alterations in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Oxidative stress mediated ER-stress was evidenced by the reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD-1, SOD-2, GR, and Trx, and increased expression levels of CytP450, IRE1-α, PERK, and CHOP. The expression levels of major inflammatory response markers such as NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and iNOS were significantly increased in the HEK-293 cells and mice kidney. Temporal up-regulation of p-AMPK and LC3I/II, and down regulation of mTOR was also noticed after CP treatment. CP-induced DNA damage led to activation of PARP-1, which plays a crucial role in inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy activation. Concurrently, co-treatment of CP-MH and CP-ANI (PARP-1 inhibitor) significantly attenuated the expression level of PARP-1, reduced cellular death, alleviated inflammatory responses, and inhibited autophagy stimulation in HEK-293 cells and mice kidney. On the basis of above findings, we suggest MH as a potential therapeutic agent against CP-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Pal Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Chauhan
- Daegu Cancer Center, Research and Development Unit, Dong Sung Bio-Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Amelioration of streptozotocin‑induced pancreatic β cell damage by morin: Involvement of the AMPK‑FOXO3‑catalase signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1409-1418. [PMID: 29286118 PMCID: PMC5819920 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are sensitive to oxidative stress, which is one of the predominant causes of cell damage and the emergence of diabetes. The identification of effective therapeutic strategies to protect pancreatic cells from oxidative stress has increased interest in the screening of antioxidants from natural products. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of morin against streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced cell damage in a rat insulinoma cell line (RINm5F pancreatic β cells) and to identify the underlying mechanisms. The results indicated that morin inhibited the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, attenuated the activity of poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase, restored intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and reduced the apoptotic cell death of STZ‑treated pancreatic β cells. Treatment with morin significantly upregulated catalase in pancreatic β cells, and ameliorated the STZ‑induced loss of catalase at the genetic, protein and enzymatic level. In further experiments, morin induced the phosphorylation of 5' adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), which subsequently promoted the translocation of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) to the nucleus. Specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against AMPK and FOXO3 suppressed morin‑induced catalase expression. Furthermore, catalase‑specific siRNA abolished the protective effects of morin against STZ‑stimulated cell death. Taken together, these results indicated that morin protected RINm5F cells from STZ‑induced cell damage by triggering the phosphorylation of AMPK, thus resulting in subsequent activation of FOXO3 and induction of catalase.
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Yao D, Cui H, Zhou S, Guo L. Morin inhibited lung cancer cells viability, growth, and migration by suppressing miR-135b and inducing its target CCNG2. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317712443. [PMID: 28975847 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317712443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most severe threats with the highest mortality rate to humans in the world. Recently, morin has been reported to have anti-tumor properties observed in several types of cancers. However, its mechanism is still unclear. We assessed the influences of morin on cell viability, colony formation, and migration ability of A549 and employed microRNA array to identify the microRNAs affected by morin. We found that morin-treated A549 cells showed statistically decreased cell viability, colony formation, and migration rate when comparing with the dimethyl sulfoxide-treated cells. Microarray results showed that with the treatment of morin, the expression level of miR-135b significantly reduced compared the control group, suggesting that morin may exert its anti-cancer property by suppressing the expression of miR-135b. In addition, we found a potential binding site of miR-135b within 3' untranslated region of CCNG2-encoding cyclin homolog cyclin-G2. We evidenced that miR-135b directly targets CCNG2, which could be a potential biomarker of lung cancer prognosis. Morin exerts its anti-tumor function via downregulating the expression of miR-135b that directly targets and represses CCNG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Yao
- 1 Department of Quality Control, Affiliated Second Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hujun Cui
- 2 Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Shufen Zhou
- 3 Department of Gerontology, Affiliated Second Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Ling Guo
- 4 Department of Pathology, Affiliated Second Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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26
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Nepali S, Ki HH, Lee JH, Lee HY, Kim DK, Lee YM. Wheatgrass-Derived Polysaccharide Has Antiinflammatory, Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Apoptotic Effects on LPS-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1107-1116. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmila Nepali
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 54907 Korea
| | - Hyeon-Hui Ki
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 54907 Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 54907 Korea
| | - Hoon-Yeon Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute; Wonkwang University; Iksan Jeonbuk 54538 Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 54907 Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute; Wonkwang University; Iksan Jeonbuk 54538 Korea
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Jung JS, Choi MJ, Lee YY, Moon BI, Park JS, Kim HS. Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation by Morin via MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and PKA/HO-1 Signaling Pathway Modulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:373-382. [PMID: 28032996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Morin is a flavonoid isolated from certain fruits and Chinese herbs and is known to possess various medicinal properties. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of morin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that morin inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Furthermore, morin suppressed the microglial activation and cytokine expression in the brains of LPS-stimulated mice. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that morin inhibited the action of LPS-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and activating protein-1 (AP-1). Further, the phosphorylation and DNA binding activity of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) was enhanced by morin. Moreover, morin suppressed the LPS-induced expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, while it increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Therefore, our data suggest that morin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated microglia by downregulating MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways while upregulating protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Jung
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
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Kaltalioglu K, Coskun-Cevher S. Potential of morin and hesperidin in the prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1291-9. [PMID: 27425870 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1209383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the important mechanisms of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the potential protective effects of morin and/or hesperidin on oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. This study was performed on 42 Wistar rats. Rats were divided into seven groups: control, morin, hesperidin, cisplatin, cisplatin + morin, cisplatin + hesperidin, and cisplatin + morin + hesperidin. Morin and/or hesperidin were given for 10 consecutive days by oral gavage and on the 4th day a single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. After administrations, on the 11th day of the experiment the animals were killed, and malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NOx), glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Cisplatin-treated rats showed increased levels of MDA, and decreased levels of NOx also activity of CAT. Morin and/or hesperidin pretreatment prevent oxidative stress in kidney tissue, while they increase the NOx level, CAT activity, and decrease MPO activity. In conclusion, morin + hesperidin pretreatment may have a significant potential for protection of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Kaltalioglu
- a Espiye Vocational School, Giresun University , Giresun , Turkey
| | - Sule Coskun-Cevher
- b Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
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Lee KM, Lee Y, Chun HJ, Kim AH, Kim JY, Lee JY, Ishigami A, Lee J. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of morin in a murine model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:865-78. [PMID: 27265894 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Although the causes of PD are not understood, evidence suggests that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation are associated with its pathogenesis. Morin (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavonol found in wine and many herbs and fruits. Previous studies have suggested that morin prevents oxidative damage and inflammation and ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction. The present study describes the neuroprotective effects of morin in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD, and we report the results of our investigation into its neuroprotective mechanism in primary neurons and astrocytes. In the mouse model, morin pretreatment ameliorated motor dysfunction, protected against dopaminergic neuronal losses in SN and striatum, and alleviated MPTP-induced astrocyte activation. In vitro studies revealed that morin protected primary cultured neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP(+) )-mediated reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption. In addition, morin effectively reduced MPP(+) -induced astroglial activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB in primary cultured astrocytes. These results indicate that morin acts via multiple neuroprotective mechanisms in our mouse model and suggest that morin be viewed as a potential treatment and preventative for PD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Moon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Chun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Morin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 928:453-471. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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