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Wei M, Liu Y, Li D, Wang X, Wang X, Li Y, Yan Z, Zhang H. Celastrol alleviates secondary brain injury following intracerebral haemorrhage by inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis and blocking blood-brain barrier disruption. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 17:161-176. [PMID: 39220228 PMCID: PMC11362646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Following recent research advancements, an increasing level of evidence had been published to indicate that celastrol exerted a therapeutic effect on a range of nervous system diseases. This study therefore aimed to investigate the potential involvement of celastrol on ferroptosis and the blood-brain barrier disruption in intracerebral haemorrhage. Methods We established a rat intracerebral haemorrhage and adrenal pheochromocytoma cell (PC12) OxyHb models using an ACSL4 overexpression vector. Ferroptosis-related indices were assessed using corresponding assay kits, and immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot analyses were conducted to evaluate the expression of key proteins and elucidate the role of celastrol in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Results Celastrol significantly improved neurological function scores, blood-brain barrier integrity, and brain water content in rats with ICH. Moreover, subsequent analysis of ferroptosis-related markers, such as Fe2+, ROS, MDA, and SOD, suggested that celastrol exerted a protective effect against the oxidative damage induced by ferroptosis in ICH rats and cells. Furthermore, Western blotting indicated that celastrol attenuated ferroptosis by modulating the expression levels of key proteins, including acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), and anti-transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) both in vitro and in vivo. ACSL4 overexpression attenuated the neuroprotective effects of celastrol on ICH in vitro. Molecular docking analysis revealed that celastrol interacted with ACSL4 via the GLU107, GLN109, ASN111, and LYS357 binding sites. Conclusions Celastrol exerted antioxidant properties and aids in neurological recovery after stroke by suppressing ACSL4 expression during ferroptosis. As such, this drug represented a promising pharmaceutical candidate for the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengcun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hengzhu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yangzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Eduardo R, Karla C. Sucrose-induced metabolic syndrome differentially affects energy metabolism and fiber phenotype of EDL and soleus muscles during exercise in the rat. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16126. [PMID: 39001594 PMCID: PMC11245568 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms associated to improvement of metabolic syndrome (MetS) during exercise are not fully elucidated. MetS was induced in 250 g male Wistar rats by 30% sucrose in drinking water. Control rats receiving tap water were controls, both groups received solid standard diet. After 14 weeks, an endurance exercised group, and a sedentary were formed for 8 weeks. The soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were dissected to determine contractile performance, expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms, PGC1α, AMPKα2, NFATC1, MEF2a, SIX1, EYA1, FOXO1, key metabolic enzymes activities. Exercise mildly improved MetS features. MetS didn't alter the contractile performance of the muscles. Exercise didn't altered expression of PGC1α, NFATC1, SIX1 and EYA1 on MetS EDL whereas NFATC1 increased in soleus. Only citrate synthase was affected by MetS on the EDL and this was partially reverted by exercise. Soleus α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity was increased by exercise but MetS rendered the muscle resistant to this effect. MetS affects mostly the EDL muscle, and endurance exercise only partially reverts this. Soleus muscle seems more resilient to MetS. We highlight the importance of studying both muscles during MetS, and their metabolic remodeling on the development and treatment of MetS by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carvajal Karla
- Laboratorio de Nutrición ExperimentalInstituto Nacional de PediatríaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
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Hu Y, Nan Y, Lin H, Zhao Q, Chen T, Tao X, Ding B, Lu L, Chen S, Zhu J, Guo X, Lin Z. Celastrol ameliorates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03246-9. [PMID: 38763946 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is caused by perinatal hypoxia and subsequent reductions in cerebral blood flow and is one of the leading causes of severe disability or death in newborns. Despite its prevalence, we currently lack an effective drug therapy to combat HIE. Celastrol (Cel) is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Tripterygium Wilfordi that can protect against oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer. However, whether Cel can alleviate neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage remains unclear. METHODS Here, we established both in vitro and in vivo models of HI brain damage using CoCl2-treated PC12 cells and neonatal rats, respectively, and explored the neuroprotective effects of Cel in these models. RESULTS Analyses revealed that Cel administration reduced brain infarction size, microglia activation, levels of inflammation factors, and levels of oxidative stress markers by upregulating levels of p-AMPKα, Nrf2, HO-1, and by downregulating levels of TXNIP and NLRP3. Conversely, these beneficial effects of Cel on HI brain damage were largely inhibited by AMPKα inhibitor Compound C and its siRNA. CONCLUSIONS We present compelling evidence that Cel decreases inflammation and oxidative stress through the AMPKα/Nrf2/TXNIP signaling pathway, thereby alleviating neonatal HI brain injury. Cel therefore represents a promising therapeutic agent for treating HIE. IMPACT We firstly report that celastrol can ameliorate neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury both in in vivo and in vitro, which represents a promising therapeutic agent for treating related brain injuries. Celastrol activates the AMPKα/Nrf2/TXNIP signaling pathway to relieve oxidative stress and inflammation and thereby alleviates neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Nan
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongzhou Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianlei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tao
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingqing Ding
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liying Lu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shangqin Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Basic Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Basic Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Children Genitourinary Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Basic Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Diao C, Yang Z, Hu Q, Yao P, Qu X, Li C, Zhang S, Zhou J. Celastrol Alleviates Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Promoting OPA1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fusion. Neuroscience 2024; 536:79-91. [PMID: 37996053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative stress is one of the characteristics of secondary brain injury (SBI) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), contributing largely to the apoptosis of neurons. Celastrol, a quinone methide triterpene that possesses antioxidant and mitochondrial protective properties, has emerged as a neuroprotective agent. However, the activity of celastrol has not been tested in ICH-induced SBI. In this study, we found that celastrol could effectively alleviate neurological function deficits and reduce brain oedema and neuronal apoptosis caused by ICH. Through electron microscopy, we found that celastrol could significantly attenuate mitochondrial morphology impairment. Therefore, we tested the regulatory proteins of mitochondrial dynamics and found that celastrol could reverse the downwards trend of OPA1 expression after ICH. In view of this, by culturing OPA1-deficient primary neurons and constructing neuron-specific OPA1 conditional knockout mice, we found that the protective effects of celastrol on mitochondrial morphology and function after ICH were counteracted in the absence of OPA1. Further experiments also showed that OPA1 is indispensable for the protective effects of celastrol on ICH-induced secondary brain injury. In summary, we have demonstrated that celastrol is a potential drug for the treatment of ICH and have revealed a novel mechanism by which celastrol exerts its antioxidant effects by promoting OPA1-mediated mitochondrial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Diao
- School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Zhengxuan Yang
- Department of Emergency, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Pengfei Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Changdong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Shenghao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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Chauhan S, Singh AP, Rana AC, Kumar S, Kumar R, Singh J, Jangra A, Kumar D. Natural activators of AMPK signaling: potential role in the management of type-2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:47-59. [PMID: 37255783 PMCID: PMC10225395 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase involved in the homeostasis of cellular energy. AMPK has developed as an appealing clinical target for the diagnosis of multiple metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, inflammation, and cancer. Genetic and pharmacological studies indicate that AMPK is needed in response to glucose deficiency, dietary restriction, and increased physical activity for preserving glucose homeostasis. After activation, AMPK influences metabolic mechanisms contributing to enhanced ATP production, thus growing processes that absorb ATP simultaneously. In this review, several natural products have been discussed which enhance the sensitivity of AMPK and alleviate sub complications or different pathways by which such AMPK triggers can be addressed. AMPK Natural products as potential AMPK activators can be developed as alternate pharmacological intervention to reverse metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyogita Chauhan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| | - Aakash Partap Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| | - Avtar Chand Rana
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Haryana 122502 Rewari, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, 123031 Haryana India
| | - Jitender Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IET Bhaddal Technical Campus, P.O. Mianpur, Ropar, 140108 Punjab India
| | - Ashok Jangra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
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Lee H, Kim SY, Lim Y. Lespedeza bicolor extract supplementation reduced hyperglycemia-induced skeletal muscle damage by regulation of AMPK/SIRT/PGC1α-related energy metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice. Nutr Res 2023; 110:1-13. [PMID: 36638746 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lespedeza bicolor (LB) is known to have antidiabetic activities; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of LB in hyperglycemia-induced skeletal muscle damage is unclear. Inflammation and oxidative stress caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) not only contributes to insulin resistance, but also promotes muscle atrophy via decreased muscle protein synthesis and increased protein degradation, leading to frailty and sarcopenia. In this study, we hypothesized that LB extract (LBE) supplementatin has an ameliorative effect on hyperglycemia-induced skeletal muscle damage by activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin (SIRT)/proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α)-associated energy metabolism in mice with T2DM. Diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet with a 2-time streptozotoxin injection (30 mg/kg body weight) in male C57BL/6J mice. After diabetes was induced (fasting blood glucose level ≥140 mg/dL), the mice were administered with LBE at a low dose (100 mg/kg/d) or high dose (250 mg/kg/d) by gavage for 12 weeks. LBE supplementation ameliorated glucose tolerance and hemoglobin A1c (%) in mice with T2DM. Moreover, LBE supplementation upregulated protein levels of insulin receptor subunit-1 and Akt accompanied by increased translocation of glucose transporter 4 in mice with T2DM. Furthermore, LBE increased mitochondrial biogenesis by activating SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT4, and peroxisome PGC1α in diabetic skeletal muscle. Meanwhile, LBE supplementation reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in mice with T2DM. Taken together, the current study suggested that LBE could be a potential therapeutic to prevent skeletal muscle damage by regulation AMPK/SIRT/PGC1α-related energy metabolism in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heaji Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Cao F, Wang Y, Song Y, Xu F, Xie Q, Jiang M, Liu X, Zhang D, Xu L. Celastrol Treatment Ameliorated Acute Ischemic Stroke-Induced Brain Injury by Microglial Injury Inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway Activations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1076522. [PMID: 37082194 PMCID: PMC10113063 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1076522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Stroke is the third main reason of mortality, which is the leading reason for adult disability in the globe. Poststroke inflammation is well known to cause acute ischemic stroke- (AIS-) induced brain injury (BI) exacerbation. Celastrol (CL) has exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in various inflammatory traits though underlying mechanisms remain unknown. So, the present investigation is aimed at studying CL protective mechanism against AIS-induced BI. Methods A mouse model regarding middle cerebral artery occlusion and an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model with or not CL treatment were constructed to study CL protective effects. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was then silenced in BV2 microglia cells (BV2) to study Nrf2 role regarding CL-mediated neuroprotection. Results The results showed that CL treatment suppressed AIS-induced BI by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway activations and induction of apoptosis and pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway blocking activation suppressed OGD-induced cell pyroptosis and apoptosis. Also, CL treatment reversed OGD-induced microglial injury by promoting Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway activations. Nrf2 downregulation reversed CL protective effects against OGD-induced microglial injury, pyroptosis, and apoptosis. Conclusion The findings advise that CL treatment ameliorated AIS-induced BI by inhibiting microglial injury and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Cao
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, No. 207, Juye Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, No. 207, Juye Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yuting Song
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, No. 207, Juye Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 200135, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750000, China
| | - Fengxia Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, 207 Juye Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Qiuhua Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, 207 Juye Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, 207 Juye Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Denghai Zhang
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, No. 207, Juye Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 200135, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750000, China
| | - Limin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, 207 Juye Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
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Jiao Y, Li YZ, Zhang YH, Cui W, Li Q, Xie KL, Yu Y, Yu YH. Lysine demethylase KDM5B down-regulates SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic neuropathy. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e14964. [PMID: 36130801 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common neurological complication of diabetes mellitus without efficient interventions. Both lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B) and sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) have been found to regulate islet function and glucose homeostasis. KDM5B was predicted to bind to the SIRT3 promoter by bioinformatics. Here, we investigated whether KDM5B affected DPN development via modulating SIRT3. METHODS The db/db mice and high glucose-stimulated Schwann cells (RSC96) were used as in vivo and in vitro models of DPN, respectively. Glucose level, glucose and insulin tolerance of mice were measured. Neurological function was evaluated by motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), tactile allodynia assay and thermal sensitivity assay. Adenosine triphosphate level, oxygen consumption rate, extracellular acidification rate, β-oxidation rate, acetyl-CoA level, acetylation levels and activities of long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) were detected. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was adopted to determine cell viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected by MitoSox staining. Western blotting for measuring target protein levels. Molecular mechanisms were investigated by co-immunoprecipitine (Co-IP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS KDM5B was up-regulated, while SIRT3 was down-regulated in DPN models. SIRT3 overexpression or AMPK activation ameliorated mitochondrial metabolism dysfunction and ROS overproduction during DPN. KDM5B overexpression triggered mitochondrial metabolism disorder and oxidative stress via directly transcriptional inhibiting SIRT3 expression by demethylating H3K4me3 or indirectly repressing AMPK pathway-regulated SIRT3 expression. CONCLUSION KDM5B contributes to DPN via regulating SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial glucose and lipid metabolism. KDM5B inhibition may be an effective intervention for DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ze Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hua Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Liang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Molecular and cellular effects of gold nanoparticles treatment in experimental diabetic myopathy. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10358. [PMID: 36060470 PMCID: PMC9437799 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to address the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on diabetic myopathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods Adult male rats were separated into three groups (n = 15): non-diabetic control (ND), diabetic (D), and diabetic treated with AuNPs (2.5 mg/kg, D + AuNPs) intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. A single injection of 50 mg/kg STZ was used to induce diabetes. Results Treatment with AuNPs lowered blood glucose levels. Skeletal muscle mRNA expression of two muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin-ligases enzymes, F-box-only protein 32 (FBXO32) and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) were upregulated in the D group. Diabetic rats showed significant increases in the skeletal muscle expression levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and a decrease in glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased and malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased in skeletal muscles of D group. Compared to the D group, expression levels of FBXO32, MuRF1, PAI-1 TNF-α, and TGF-β1 were decreased in the D + AuNPs group, and mRNA of GLUT4 increased. Furthermore, in D + AuNPs group, skeletal muscle MDA levels decreased while SOD activity increased. Conclusion In experimental models, AuNPs can ameliorate muscle atrophy by reducing hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and by suppressing the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic process.
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Su Y, Ke C, Li C, Huang C, Wan C. Intermittent hypoxia promotes the recovery of motor function in rats with cerebral ischemia by regulating mitochondrial function. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1364-1378. [PMID: 35665627 PMCID: PMC9442452 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221098962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia preconditioning is neuroprotective, but the therapeutic effects of intermittent hypoxia were not fully considered. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of intermittent hypoxia on motor function after cerebral ischemia and explored alternative clinical treatment options. In total, 36 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 60 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and then randomly divided into a sham-operated group (SHAM), tMCAO-sedentary group (SED), and tMCAO-intermittent hypoxia group (IH). The intervention was performed 1 week after tMCAO and lasted 4 weeks. Rats in the IH group were placed in an animal hypoxic chamber (altitude 5000 m and oxygen concentration of 13%) for 4 h/day and 7 days/week, and rats in the SED group were placed in a normoxic environment for 4 weeks. Body weights, neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarction volume ratios, gait analyses, mitochondrial structure, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and AMO-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), and silencing regulatory protein 3 (Sirt3) expression in the peri-ischemic region brain tissues were detected during the intervention. Compared with the SED group, the body weight of the IH group gradually recovered, and the neurological deficit scores were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The gait analysis results showed that the pressure of the affected paw and the maximum content area, swing speed, stride length, and other parameters were significantly restored (P < 0.05). The cerebral infarction volume ratio was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Mitochondrial morphological structure damage in the peri-ischemic region brain tissues recovered, the number was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the expression of AMPK, PGC-1α, and Sirt3 proteins (P < 0.05), and ATP content were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Intermittent hypoxia may activate the AMPK-PGC-1α-Sirt3 signaling pathway, promote mitochondrial biogenesis, repair mitochondrial ultrastructural damage, and improve mitochondrial function to reduce brain damage and promote motor function recovery in rats with cerebral ischemia.
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11
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Yadav A, Yadav SS, Singh S, Dabur R. Natural products: Potential therapeutic agents to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174995. [PMID: 35523319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle (SkM) is the largest organ, which plays a vital role in controlling musculature, locomotion, body heat regulation, physical strength, and metabolism of the body. A sedentary lifestyle, aging, cachexia, denervation, immobilization, etc. Can lead to an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation, which is further responsible for SkM atrophy (SmA). To date, the understanding of the mechanism of SkM mass loss is limited which also restricted the number of drugs to treat SmA. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel approaches to regulate muscle homeostasis. Presently, some natural products attained immense attraction to regulate SkM homeostasis. The natural products, i.e., polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin), terpenoids (ursolic acid, tanshinone IIA, celastrol), flavonoids, alkaloids (tomatidine, magnoflorine), vitamin D, etc. exhibit strong potential against SmA. Some of these natural products have been reported to have equivalent potential to standard treatments to prevent body lean mass loss. Indeed, owing to the large complexity, diversity, and slow absorption rate of bioactive compounds made their usage quite challenging. Moreover, the use of natural products is controversial due to their partially known or elusive mechanism of action. Therefore, the present review summarizes various experimental and clinical evidence of some important bioactive compounds that shall help in the development of novel strategies to counteract SmA elicited by various causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Yadav
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Surender Singh Yadav
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Dabur
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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12
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Wang S, Huang Z, Lei Y, Han X, Tian D, Gong J, Liu M. Celastrol Alleviates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway Based on Network Pharmacology and Experiments. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816350. [PMID: 35359864 PMCID: PMC8960436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This work aims to explore the potential targets and underlying therapeutic mechanisms of celastrol in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) through network pharmacology and experiments on Laboratory Animals. Methods: A drug-target interaction network was constructed to predict the possible targets of celastrol and their potential relationship with the drug; docking studies were also performed for validation. This study used both acute and chronic rodent models of autoimmune hepatitis. Gross appearance of liver and spleen were obtained from murine models, hematoxylin-eosin staining and Sirius red staining were performed to examine hepatic inflammation and fibrosis respectively. By combining molecular docking and enrichment analysis results, the most prominent signaling pathway was selected and further confirmed by Western blot in AIH models administered with celastrol. Results: In total, 82 common targets of celastrol and AIH were obtained from databases, identified by network pharmacology, and adequately enriched. Among them, PIK3R1, SRC, MAPK1, AKT1, and HRAS were selected as the top 5 closely related targets to celastrol. They all performed effectively in molecular docking, with AKT1 and PIK3R1 exhibiting more-prominent binding energy. Subsequently, celastrol administration significantly ameliorated hepatitis and liver fibrosis by reducing AKT1 and PI3K phosphorylation in both acute liver injury and chronic models of autoimmune hepatitis. Conclusion: In summary, celastrol significantly attenuates autoimmune hepatitis by suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, confirmed by validated animal models. These findings may help identify the mechanism involved in the anti-inflammatory action of celastrol in autoimmune hepatitis and provide ideas for future comprehensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin Gong
- *Correspondence: Jin Gong, ; Mei Liu,
| | - Mei Liu
- *Correspondence: Jin Gong, ; Mei Liu,
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13
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Fang J, Chang X. Celastrol inhibits the proliferation and angiogenesis of high glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cells. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:65. [PMID: 34193168 PMCID: PMC8244207 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes. Celastrol plays a certain role in the improvement of various diabetes complications. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether celastrol inhibited the proliferation and angiogenesis of high glucose (HG)-induced human retinal endothelial cells (hRECs) by down-regulating the HIF1/VEGF signaling pathway. Methods The viability and proliferation of hRECs treated with glucose, celastrol or dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG) were analyzed by MTT assay. The invasion and tube formation ability of hRECs treated with glucose, celastrol or DMOG were in turn detected by transwell assay and tube formation assay. The expression of HIF1α and VEGF in hRECs after indicated treatment was analyzed by Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR analysis and ICAM-1 expression in hRECs after indicated treatment was detected by immunofluorescence assay Results HG induction promoted the proliferation, invasion and tube formation ability and increased the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF of hRECs, which were gradually suppressed by celastrol changing from 0.5 to 2.0 μM. DMOG was regarded as a HIF1α agonist, which attenuated the effect of celastrol on HG-induced hRECs. Conclusion Celastrol inhibited the proliferation and angiogenesis of HG-induced hRECs by down-regulating the HIF1α/VEGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinchang County People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 312500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoke Chang
- Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, No.328, Machang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China.
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14
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Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Kalra RS, Chakraborty P, Gangopadhyay M, Sahu R, Medala V, John A, Reddy PH, De Feo V, Kandimalla R. The Emerging Role of HDACs: Pathology and Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2021; 10:1340. [PMID: 34071497 PMCID: PMC8228721 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the principal manifestations of metabolic syndrome and its prevalence with modern lifestyle is increasing incessantly. Chronic hyperglycemia can induce several vascular complications that were referred to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in DM. Although several therapeutic targets have been identified and accessed clinically, the imminent risk of DM and its prevalence are still ascending. Substantial pieces of evidence revealed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms can regulate various molecular activities in DM via epigenetic and post-translational regulation of several transcription factors. To date, 18 HDAC isoforms have been identified in mammals that were categorized into four different classes. Classes I, II, and IV are regarded as classical HDACs, which operate through a Zn-based mechanism. In contrast, class III HDACs or Sirtuins depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for their molecular activity. Functionally, most of the HDAC isoforms can regulate β cell fate, insulin release, insulin expression and signaling, and glucose metabolism. Moreover, the roles of HDAC members have been implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and other pathological events, which substantially contribute to diabetes-related vascular dysfunctions. Therefore, HDACs could serve as the potential therapeutic target in DM towards developing novel intervention strategies. This review sheds light on the emerging role of HDACs/isoforms in diabetic pathophysiology and emphasized the scope of their targeting in DM for constituting novel interventional strategies for metabolic disorders/complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | | | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305 8565, Japan;
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, ADAMAS University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India;
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India;
| | - Vijaykrishna Medala
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
| | - Albin John
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.J.); (P.H.R.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.J.); (P.H.R.)
- Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal 506007, Telangana, India
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15
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Bioactive Components of Salvia and Their Potential Antidiabetic Properties: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103042. [PMID: 34065175 PMCID: PMC8161164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of therapeutic plants is expanding around the globe, coupled with the tremendous expansion of alternative medicine and growing demand in health treatment. Plants are applied in pharmaceuticals to preserve and expand health—physically, mentally and as well as to treat particular health conditions and afflictions. There are more than 600 families of plants identified so far. Among the plants that are often studied for their health benefit include the genus of Salvia in the mint family, Lamiaceae. This review aims to determine the bioactive components of Salvia and their potential as antidiabetic agents. The search was conducted using three databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus), and all relevant articles that are freely available in the English language were extracted within 10 years (2011–2021). Salvia spp. comprises many biologically active components that can be divided into monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, and phenolic components, but only a few of these have been studied in-depth for their health benefit claims. The most commonly studied bioactive component was salvianolic acids. Interestingly, S. miltiorrhiza is undoubtedly the most widely studied Salvia species in terms of its effectiveness as an antidiabetic agent. In conclusion, we hope that this review stimulates more studies on bioactive components from medicinal plants, not only on their potential as antidiabetic agents but also for other possible health benefits.
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Celastrol Prevents Oxidative Stress Effects on FSHR, PAPP, and CYP19A1 Gene Expression in Cultured Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073596. [PMID: 33808393 PMCID: PMC8037896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of oxidative stress (OS) is important to prevent damage to female reproductive physiology. While normal OS levels may have a regulatory role, high OS levels may negatively affect vital processes such as folliculogenesis or embryogenesis. The aim of this work was to study OS induced by glucose, a reactive oxygen species generator, or peroxynitrite, a reactive nitrogen species generator, in cultured human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells from oocyte donors, analyzing expression of genes involved in oocyte maturation (FSHR, PAPP, and CYP19A1) and OS damage response (ALDH3A2). We also evaluated the effect of celastrol as an antioxidant. Our results showed that although both glucose and peroxynitrite produce OS increments in hGL cells, only peroxynitrite treatment increases ALDH3A2 and PAPP gene expression levels and decreases FSHR gene expression levels. Celastrol pre-treatment prevents this effect of peroxynitrite. Interestingly, when celastrol alone was added, we observed a reduction of the expression of all genes studied, which was independent of both OS inductors. In conclusion, regulation of OS imbalance by antioxidant substances such as celastrol may prevent negative effects of OS in female fertility. In addition to the antioxidant activity, celastrol may well have an independent role on regulation of gene expression in hGL cells.
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17
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Xu S, Feng Y, He W, Xu W, Xu W, Yang H, Li X. Celastrol in metabolic diseases: Progress and application prospects. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105572. [PMID: 33753246 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are becoming increasingly common in modern society. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective drugs or new treatments for metabolic diseases. As an active ingredient derived from plants, celastrol has shown great potential in the treatment of a wide variety of metabolic diseases and received considerable attention in recent years. In reported studies, the anti-obesity effect of celastrol resulted from regulating leptin sensitivity, energy metabolism, inflammation, lipid metabolism and even gut microbiota. Celastrol reversed insulin resistance via multiple routes to protect against type 2 diabetes. Celastrol also showed effects on atherosclerosis, cholestasis and osteoporosis. Celastrol in treating metabolic diseases seem to be versatile and the targets or pathways were diverse. Here, we systematically review the mechanism of action, and the therapeutic properties of celastrol in various metabolic diseases and complications. Based on this review, potential research strategies might contribute to the celastrol's clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Yaqian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Weishen He
- Biology Department, Boston College, Brighton, MA 02135, USA
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Xianyu Li
- Experimental Research Centre, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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18
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Furuichi Y, Kawabata Y, Aoki M, Mita Y, Fujii NL, Manabe Y. Excess Glucose Impedes the Proliferation of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells Under Adherent Culture Conditions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640399. [PMID: 33732705 PMCID: PMC7957019 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a major energy source consumed by proliferating mammalian cells. Therefore, in general, proliferating cells have the preference of high glucose contents in extracellular environment. Here, we showed that high glucose concentrations impede the proliferation of satellite cells, which are muscle-specific stem cells, under adherent culture conditions. We found that the proliferation activity of satellite cells was higher in glucose-free DMEM growth medium (low-glucose medium with a glucose concentration of 2 mM) than in standard glucose DMEM (high-glucose medium with a glucose concentration of 19 mM). Satellite cells cultured in the high-glucose medium showed a decreased population of reserve cells, identified by staining for Pax7 expression, suggesting that glucose concentration affects cell fate determination. In conclusion, glucose is a factor that decides the cell fate of skeletal muscle-specific stem cells. Due to this unique feature of satellite cells, hyperglycemia may negatively affect the regenerative capability of skeletal muscle myofibers and thus facilitate sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuro Furuichi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawabata
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Aoki
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Mita
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuharu L Fujii
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Manabe
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Lu Y, Liu Y, Zhou J, Li D, Gao W. Biosynthesis, total synthesis, structural modifications, bioactivity, and mechanism of action of the quinone-methide triterpenoid celastrol. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1022-1060. [PMID: 33174200 DOI: 10.1002/med.21751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol, a quinone-methide triterpenoid, was extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. in 1936 for the first time. Almost 70 years later, it is considered one of the molecules most likely to be developed into modern drugs, as it exhibits notable bioactivity, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity, and exerts antiobesity effects. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying its bioactivity are being widely studied, which offers new avenues for its development as a pharmaceutical reagent. Owing to its potential therapeutic effects and unique chemical structure, celastrol has attracted considerable interest in the fields of organic, biosynthesis, and medicinal chemistry. As several steps in the biosynthesis of celastrol have been revealed, the mechanisms of key enzymes catalyzing the formation and postmodifications of the celastrol scaffold have been gradually elucidated, which lays a good foundation for the future heterogeneous biosynthesis of celastrol. Chemical synthesis is also an effective approach to obtain celastrol. The total synthesis of celastrol was realized for the first time in 2015, which established a new strategy to obtain celastroid natural products. However, owing to the toxic effects and suboptimal pharmacological properties of celastrol, its clinical applications remain limited. To search for drug-like derivatives, several structurally modified compounds were synthesized and tested. This review focuses primarily on the latest research progress in the biosynthesis, total synthesis, structural modifications, bioactivity, and mechanism of action of celastrol. We anticipate that this paper will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of this promising compound and provide constructive references for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Abu Bakar MH, Shariff KA, Tan JS, Lee LK. Celastrol attenuates inflammatory responses in adipose tissues and improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions in high fat diet-induced obese rats via upregulation of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Li L, Wang B, Li Y, Li L, Dai Y, Lv G, Wu P, Li P. Celastrol regulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate and bone-fat balance in osteoporosis and skeletal aging by inducing PGC-1α signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16887-16898. [PMID: 32723973 PMCID: PMC7521495 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Celastrol has recently been identified as a prospective new treatment for obesity and several metabolic complications. However, the effect of Celastrol in osteoporosis (OP) remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Celastrol promotes osteoblast differentiation and prevents adipocyte differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in vitro. Mechanistically, Celastrol was able to control the differentiation of BM-MSCs by stimulating PGC-1α signaling. Moreover, administration of Celastrol could alleviate bone loss and bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) accumulation in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and aged mice. Together, these results recommended that Celastrol could regulate BM-MSCs fate and bone-fat balance in OP and skeletal aging by stimulating PGC-1α, which might act as a possible therapeutic target for OP and for the prevention of skeletal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuliang Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guohua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Pengzhi Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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22
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Zhou Y, Zhou L, Zhou K, Zhang J, Shang F, Zhang X. Celastrol Protects RPE Cells from Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death via Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:172-182. [PMID: 31032752 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190424131704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and inflammation are closely related to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Celastrol is a natural compound isolated from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii. Celastrol has been shown to have potent anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects in multiple disease models. The objective of this study was to test the anti-oxidative effects of celastrol in RPE cells and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and menadione alone or in combination with celastrol. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by CCK-8 and TUNEL assay, respectively. The expression of Nrf2 and its target genes, such as GCLM and HO-1 was determined by Western blotting. The knockdown of Nrf2 was done by transfecting ARPE-19 cells with lentivirus encoding shRNA against Nrf2. The knockdown efficiency was determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Treatment of ARPE-19 cells with celastrol significantly attenuated the toxic effects of both H2O2 and menadione. Treatment with celastrol enhanced the expression of transcription factor Nrf2 and its targets, GCLM and HO-1. Knockdown of Nrf2 expression by shRNA partially abolished the protective effects of celastrol. Chemical inhibition of glutathione synthesis by L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) completely abolished the protective effects of celastrol against H2O2 and menadione-induced damage. However, chemical inhibition of HO-1 activity by ZnPPIX did not reduce the protective effects of celastrol. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that treatment of RPE cells with celastrol shows potent protective effects against oxidative insults via activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway and upregulation of GCLM expression. This finding suggests that celastrol might be used as a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative stress-related eyes diseases, such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Linbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kewen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Evaluation of the ameliorative effects of oral administration of metformin on epileptogenesis in the temporal lobe epilepsy model in rats. Life Sci 2020; 257:118066. [PMID: 32652135 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in epileptogenesis is necessary to target the best therapeutic interventions in epilepsy. Recently, it has been postulated that metformin, an old antidiabetic oral drug, has anti-seizure properties mostly due to its antioxidant activities. This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of metformin on the progression of epilepsy in the temporal lobe epilepsy model in rats. MAIN METHODS Temporal lobe Epilepsy was induced by intracerebroventricular microinjection of kainic acid. Metformin was orally administered for two weeks before induction of epilepsy. Anti-epileptogenic activity of metformin was evaluated by intracranial electroencepholography (IEEG) recording to detect spontaneous seizures, mossy fiber sprouting by Timm staining, neurogenesis by BrdU staining. KEY FINDINGS Oral administration of metformin prior to kainite-induced status epilepticus blocked the variant characterizations of epileptogenesis like neuronal cell death, aberrant neurogenesis, mossy fiber sprouting, and spontaneous seizures. SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate that metformin has potential anti-epileptogenic properties in temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Cortés-Rojo C, Vargas-Vargas MA, Olmos-Orizaba BE, Rodríguez-Orozco AR, Calderón-Cortés E. Interplay between NADH oxidation by complex I, glutathione redox state and sirtuin-3, and its role in the development of insulin resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165801. [PMID: 32305451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are characterized by high NADH/NAD+ ratios due to excessive electron supply, causing defective mitochondrial function and impaired sirtuin-3 (SIRT-3) activity, the latter driving to oxidative stress and altered fatty acid β-oxidation. NADH is oxidized by the complex I in the electron transport chain, thereby factors inhibiting complex I like acetylation, cardiolipin peroxidation, and glutathionylation by low GSH/GSSG ratios affects SIRT3 function by increasing the NADH/NAD+ ratio. In this review, we summarized the evidence supporting a role of the above events in the development of insulin resistance, which is relevant in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. We propose that maintenance of proper NADH/NAD+ and GSH/GSSG ratios are central to ameliorate insulin resistance, as alterations in these redox couples lead to complex I dysfunction, disruption of SIRT-3 activity, ROS production and impaired β-oxidation, the latter two being key effectors of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich 58030, México.
| | - Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich 58030, México
| | - Berenice Eridani Olmos-Orizaba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich 58030, México
| | - Alain Raimundo Rodríguez-Orozco
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich 58020, México
| | - Elizabeth Calderón-Cortés
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich 58260, México
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Jiang ZT, Han Y, Liu XY, Lv LY, Pan JH, Liu CD. Tripterine Restrains the Aggressiveness of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell via Regulating miRNA-532-5p/CXCL2 Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2973-2985. [PMID: 32308429 PMCID: PMC7152543 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s238074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triterpene has attracted considerable interests because it exhibits anticancer effects. However, the effects of tripterine on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not well studied. In the current study, the mechanism of tripterine on HCC cells growth and metastasis was examined. Methods The inhibitory effect on the growth and aggressiveness in HCC cells was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing and Transwell assay. The levels of microRNA-532-5p (miR-532-5p) in HCC cells and tissues were measured using qRT-PCR. The expression of chemokine (C-X-C Motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) was determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to validate the binding between miR-532-5p and CXCL2. The impact of tripterine on the growth and metastasis of HCC cells in vivo was analyzed using transplanted tumor model and experimental lung metastasis model, respectively. Results We found that tripterine inhibited HCC cells proliferation, migration ability and invasion. Under tripterine treatment, the level of miR-532-5p was strikingly raised, and overexpression of miR‑532-5p reduced cell viability and metastatic-related traits. In addition, we identified CXCL2 as a target of miR-532-5p in HCC. Rescue experiments indicated that overexpression of CXCL2 restored the migration and invasive capacity of HCC cells inhibited by miR-532-5p or tripterine treatment. Finally, the tumor growth and metastatic ability of HCC MHCC97H cell in vivo were also significantly restrained by tripterine. The expression of CXCL2 was distinctly decreased and miR-532-5p level was increased by tripterine in vivo. Conclusion In conclusion, tripterine inhibits the growth, migration ability and invasiveness of HCC cells through intervening miR-532-5p/CXCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy Office, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Pharmacy Office, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Office, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yan Lv
- Department of Pharmacy Office, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Huo Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Di Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Office, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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The effect of ellagic acid on caspase-3/bcl-2/Nrf-2/NF-kB/TNF-α /COX-2 gene expression product apoptosis pathway: a new approach for muscle damage therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2573-2582. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hou W, Liu B, Xu H. Celastrol: Progresses in structure-modifications, structure-activity relationships, pharmacology and toxicology. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang Y, Li C, Gu J, Chen C, Duanmu J, Miao J, Yao W, Tao J, Tu M, Xiong B, Zhao L, Liu Z. Celastrol exerts anti-inflammatory effect in liver fibrosis via activation of AMPK-SIRT3 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:941-953. [PMID: 31742890 PMCID: PMC6933398 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a pentacyclic tritepene extracted from Tripterygium Wilfordi plant, showing potent liver protection effects on several liver-related diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory potential of celastrol in liver fibrosis and the detailed mechanisms remain uncovered. This study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of celastrol in liver fibrosis and to further reveal mechanisms of celastrol-induced anti-inflammatory effects with a focus on AMPK-SIRT3 signalling. Celastrol showed potent ameliorative effects on liver fibrosis both in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and in fibrotic liver. Celastrol remarkably suppressed inflammation in vivo and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors in vitro. Interestingly, celastrol increased SIRT3 promoter activity and SIRT3 expression both in fibrotic liver and in activated HSCs. Furthermore, SIRT3 silencing evidently ameliorated the anti-inflammatory potential of celastrol. Besides, we found that celastrol could increase the AMPK phosphorylation. Further investigation showed that SIRT3 siRNA decreased SIRT3 expression but had no obvious effect on phosphorylation of AMPK. In addition, inhibition of AMPK by employing compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) or AMPK1α siRNA significantly suppressed SIRT3 expression, suggesting that AMPK was an up-stream protein of SIRT3 in liver fibrosis. We further found that depletion of AMPK significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of celastrol on inflammation. Collectively, celastrol attenuated liver fibrosis mainly through inhibition of inflammation by activating AMPK-SIRT3 signalling, which makes celastrol be a potential candidate compound in treating or protecting against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingya Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaxin Duanmu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenjuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinhua Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mengjue Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Biao Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Zhaoguo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates the Increasing Severity of Distant Organ Liver Dysfunction after Acute Kidney Injury in Rats Exposed to Bisphenol A. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100497. [PMID: 31640182 PMCID: PMC6826922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant organ liver damage after acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a serious clinical setting with high mortality. This undesirable outcome may be due to some hidden factors that can intensify the consequences of AKI. Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a universal chemical used in plastics industry, is currently unavoidable and can be harmful to the liver. This study explored whether BPA exposure could be a causative factor that increase severity of remote liver injury after AKI and examined the preventive benefit by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in this complex condition. Male Wistar rats were given vehicle, BPA, or BPA + NAC for 5 weeks then underwent 45 min renal ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion (RIR), a group of vehicle-sham-control was also included. RIR not only induced AKI but produced liver injury, triggered systemic oxidative stress as well as inflammation, which increasing severity upon exposure to BPA. Given NAC to BPA-exposed rats diminished the added-on effects of BPA on liver functional impairment, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by AKI. NAC also mitigated the abnormalities in mitochondrial functions, dynamics, mitophagy, and ultrastructure of the liver by improving the mitochondrial homeostasis regulatory signaling AMPK-PGC-1α-SIRT3. The study demonstrates that NAC is an effective adjunct for preserving mitochondrial homeostasis and reducing remote effects of AKI in environments where BPA exposure is vulnerable.
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Li X, Wei W, Zhao Z, Lv S. Tripterine up-regulates miR-223 to alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced damage in murine chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 33:2058738418824521. [PMID: 30791741 PMCID: PMC6350133 DOI: 10.1177/2058738418824521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripterine, also known as celastrol, is a main natural ingredient in
Tripterygium wilfordii. Tripterine has a variety of
pharmacological functions, and the therapeutic potential of tripterine in many
kinds of inflammation-linked diseases has been revealed. However, the function
of tripterine on osteoarthritis still remains unclear. The objective of this
study was to study the function of tripterine (TPR) on lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)-injured chondrocyte. ATDC5 cells were treated with tripterine after LPS
stimulation and then cell survival, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines,
and the expression of chondrogenic differentiation-associated proteins were
assessed by performing CCK-8, flow cytometry, reverse transcription quantitative
polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),
and Western blot. Moreover, the expression of miR-223 and core factors in
PI3K/AKT and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling was tested by
RT-qPCR/Western blot. LPS stimulation significantly reduced ATDC5 cells
viability, induced apoptosis, and increased the release of interleukin (IL)-6
and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Tripterine protected ATDC5 cells against
LPS-induced chondrocyte loss and the release of IL-6 and TNF-α. miR-223 was
down-regulated by LPS, while was up-regulated by tripterine. The protective
actions of tripterine were eliminated when miR-223 was silenced. Besides,
tripterine inhibited hypertrophic differentiation induced by LPS, and the
inhibitory effects of tripterine on hypertrophic differentiation could be
abolished when miR-223 was silenced. Furthermore, tripterine activated PI3K/AKT
pathway and deactivated NF-κB pathway. And the regulatory effects of tripterine
on these two pathways were abolished by miR-223 silence. This study revealed
that tripterine protected ATDC5 cells against LPS-induced cell damage possibly
via up-regulation of miR-223 and modulation of NF-κB and PI3K/AKT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhongquan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shuzhen Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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Sushko ОО, Iskra RJ, Ponkalo LI. Influence of chromium citrate on oxidative stress in the tissues of muscle and kidney of rats with experimentally induced diabetes. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium is one of the important trace elements that is essential for carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Chromium improves glucose metabolism and reduces insulin resistance due to increased insulin sensitivity. Therefore, it is important to consider the use of chromium citrate as a nutritional supplement with potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. In this research work, we investigated the activity of the antioxidant system and the level of lipid hydroperoxides in the tissues of skeletal muscles and kidneys of experimental diabetic rats and for rats which received in their daily diet chromium citrate in the amounts 0.1 and 0.2 μg/mL of water. We induced the experimental model of diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan in the amount 150 mg/kg of body weight of the animals. We monitored glucose levels by measuring daily glucose levels with a portable glucose meter. For research, we selected animals with a glucose level > 11.1 mmol/L. We monitored the body weight of rats. On the 40th day of the study, we withdrew the animals from the experiment by decapitation. We selected the tissue for research, namely skeletal muscles and kidneys. In samples of the tissue homogenates, we measured the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of lipid peroxide oxidation products. As a result of our research, we found that the products of lipid peroxide oxidation and glutathione peroxidase activity increased in skeletal muscle of animals with diabetes mellitus. The activity of glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and the content of reduced glutathione decreased at the same time. In the kidneys of diabetic rats, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and content of lipid hydroperoxides increased but the activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of reduced glutathione decreased. The addition of chromium citrate to the diet of animals in amounts 0.1 and 0.2 μg/mL led to the suppression of oxidative stress. The activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the content of lipid hydroperoxides, TBA-positive substances decreased. Also, the activity of superoxide dismutase increased with the addition of chromium citrate. These results indicate normalization of antioxidant defense in the skeletal muscle and kidneys of experimental rats with experimental diabetes given chromium citrate in the amount 0.1 mg/mL of water.
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Lee YJ, Kim SY, Lee C. Axl is a novel target of celastrol that inhibits cell proliferation and migration, and increases the cytotoxicity of gefitinib in EGFR mutant non‑small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3230-3236. [PMID: 30816529 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‑TKI) is an excellent therapeutic agent to treat EGFR mutation‑positive non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the initial response decreases as chemoresistance develops. In the present study, gefitinib‑resistant EGFR mutant NSCLC PC‑9/GR cells were established to examine the characteristics and mechanisms associated with chemoresistance. Axl expression in PC‑9/GR cells was transcriptionally upregulated, since Axl protein and mRNA expression levels were identified to be increased according to western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results. The inhibitory effect of celastrol on Axl protein expression level, cell viability and clonogenicity were identified in parental and gefitinib‑resistant PC‑9 cells. In addition, treatment of PC‑9/GR cells with celastrol and gefitinib in combination was demonstrated to synergistically suppress Axl protein expression level, cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, upregulation of Axl expression seems to be associated with chemoresistance of PC‑9/GR cells. Furthermore, celastrol targets Axl to exert its anticancer effects in order to increase the susceptibility of PC‑9/GR cells to gefitinib and overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Ju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuhee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
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Du Z, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhang J, He J, Wang Y, Dong Y, Huo M. Celastrol protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide mediated oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis through sirtuin 3 signal pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10413-10420. [PMID: 30618198 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the most common causes of visual impairment, often occurrs in the elderly in developed countries. Oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play roles in the pathogenesis of AMD. In the current study, the protective effect of celastrol against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis was investigated using a human RPE cell line (ARPE-19). H2 O2 inhibited ARPE-19 cells' survival and autophagy and induced their oxidative stress and apoptosis. Compared with the H2 O2 group, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that celastrol increased ARPE-19 cells' survival in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further, studies have suggested that celastrol has antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis effects in H2 O2 -treated ARPE-19 cells. Also, cell autophagy is activated by celastrol in H2 O2 -treated ARPE-19 cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot showed that celastrol elevated the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in H2 O2 -induced ARPE-19 cells. Inhibition of the level of SIRT3 by SIRT3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) reversed the effects of celastrol on oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in H2 O2 -induced ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, these observations suggest that celastrol activates the SIRT3 pathway in RPE cells and protects against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Guo J, Wang Y, Wang N, Bai Y, Shi D. Celastrol Attenuates Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy by Inhibiting Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 and 9. Ann Hepatol 2019; 18:40-47. [PMID: 31113607 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are reported to participate in several pregnancy-related diseases, including intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), which is a severe liver disorder in pregnant women. Meanwhile, ample evidences have demonstrated that celastrol inhibits the activity and expression of MMPs. The present study aims to examine the effect of celastrol to alleviate symptoms of ICP in rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS By inducing ICP with 17 - ethinylestradiol in pregnant female rats, we assessed the impact of celastrol administration on symptoms of ICP, such as the rate of bile flow, the level of total bile acids (TBA), and the activities of MMP-2 and -9. Furthermore, the correlations between the levels of MMPs with the examined ICP symptoms were investigated. RESULTS In rats with ICP, both MMP-2 and -9 exhibited significantly elevated activities, which were inhibited by the administration of celastrol. Furthermore, ICP symptoms such as bile flow rate and total TBA were restored by celastrol. Lastly, there were strong correlations between levels of the two MMPs and TBA. CONCLUSION Our findings described for the first time the effects of celastrol to attenuate ICP symptoms through an inhibition of both MMP-2 and -9, providing evidence for a potential role of celastrol as a new drug for the treatment of ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Guo
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16, Xinhuazhong Road, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16, Xinhuazhong Road, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Na Wang
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16, Xinhuazhong Road, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yulai Bai
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16, Xinhuazhong Road, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16, Xinhuazhong Road, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China.
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Gao J, Xu Y, Zhang J, Shi J, Gong Q. Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. leaves aqueous extract protects against hydrogen peroxide‑induced SH-SY5Y cells injury through activation of Sirt3 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3485-3494. [PMID: 30320335 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. (sweet tea; ST) leaves is a type of Chinese folkloric medicine from southern China. The purpose of the present study was to explore the neuroprotective effect of ST, and to explore its underlying mechanisms in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‑induced neuronal cell injury in cultured human neuroblastoma. H2O2 was used as oxidant inducer and human SH‑SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with various concentrations of ST. Cell viability and cell death were detected using MTT and LDH assays, respectively. Additionally, the production of intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by 2',7'‑dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‑DA) and MitoSOX Red, respectively. The production of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and NAD+/NADH ratio were confirmed using relevant kits. The expression of adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor coactivator (PGC)‑1α, Sirt3, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)2, forkhead boxO3a (Foxo3a), and SOD2 were analyzed by western blot analysis. It was demonstrated that pre‑treatment with ST enhanced cell viability and repressed cell death, and it also reduced intracellular and mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Additionally, ST attenuated MDA production and enhanced GSH level, GSH‑Px and SOD activities. Furthermore, ST not only increased NAD+/NADH ratio, but also inhibited the decrease of AMPK, PGC‑1α, Sirt3, IDH2, Foxo3a, and SOD2. The present study revealed that ST exerts protective effects against oxidative stress‑induced SH‑SY5Y cells injury, and the underlying mechanisms are, at least partly, associated with its antioxidant capacity and function through mitochondrial Sirt3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Yingshu Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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Xi J, Li Q, Luo X, Wang Y, Li J, Guo L, Wu G. Celastrol inhibits glucocorticoid‑induced osteoporosis in rat via the PI3K/AKT and Wnt signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4753-4759. [PMID: 30221712 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern pharmacological studies revealed that Celastrol exhibits anti‑inflammation, anti‑bacteria, anti‑virus, anti‑fertility, insect‑resistance functions and has been used for the treatment of rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, blood diseases, skin diseases and agricultural insecticide. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Celastrol on glucocorticoid‑induced osteoporosis (GIOP) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The findings of the current study revealed that Celastrol reduced body weight, urine calcium/creatinine, tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase 5b, C‑terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and induced osteocalcin in GIOP rats. In addition, alkaline phosphatase, triiodothyronine receptor auxiliary protein and cathepsin K mRNA expression levels were effectively suppressed, and osteocalcin, bone morphogenetic protein 2, type I collagen and runt‑related transcription factor 2 mRNA expression levels were effectively induced in osteoporosis rats treated with Celastrol. Celastrol inhibited prostaglandin E2 and caspase‑3 protein expression levels, and induced phosphoinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated‑protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase‑3 phosphorylation, Wnt and β‑catenin protein expression in GIOP rats. The present study demonstrated that Celastrol may inhibit GIOP in rats via the PI3K/AKT and Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Xi
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Qinggui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Guangsen Wu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The 309th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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Han XB, Tan Y, Fang YQ, Li F. Protective effects of celastrol against γ irradiation-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:685-694. [PMID: 30116323 PMCID: PMC6090236 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose ionizing radiation can cause harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. Notably, endothelial cells are critical targets in radiation-induced damage. γ radiation exerts its biological effects through the radiolysis of water, which further generates ROS and induces lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of celastrol against γ radiation-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were exposed to γ radiation at different doses with or without celastrol treatment. Cell viability and cytotoxicity, migratory ability, ROS production, lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage and antioxidative enzyme levels were evaluated in HUVECs at 24 h post-irradiation. It was observed that HUVECs exhibited decreased cell viability, increased cytotoxicity and a decreased migratory ability after exposure to 20-Gy γ radiation. Celastrol treatment concentration-dependently reversed these effects. γ irradiation was also demonstrated to increase the production of ROS, enhance lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage and decrease the levels of SOD, catalase, GST and GPx in HUVECs. These detrimental effects were blocked by treatment with celastrol for 24 h. These data suggested that celastrol not only attenuated γ radiation-induced cytotoxicity, but also effectively blocked oxidative stress in HUVECs. As an antioxidant agent, celastrol may have potential protective effects in HUVECs against γ irradiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Bei Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Tumor Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tan
- Tumor Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiu Fang
- Tumor Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Guo H, Zhang L. Resveratrol provides benefits in mice with type II diabetes-induced chronic renal failure through AMPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:333-341. [PMID: 29896258 PMCID: PMC5995082 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes-induced ischemic injuries are known to lead to the rapid degeneration of the kidneys as a result of chronic renal failure. Chronic renal failure is a condition, which typically manifests with symptoms including cardiovascular system and left ventricular hypertrophy, atherosclerosis as well as arterial and aortic stiffness. Resveratrol is a multifunctional compound that has been reported to produce beneficial outcomes for patients with type-II diabetes due to prevention of oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, the beneficial effects of resveratrol in chronic renal failure and the underlying mechanisms have remained to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of resveratrol in mice with chronic renal failure induced by type-II diabetes and assessed the mechanism of action. Oxidative stress, apoptosis and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the renal cells of the model mice were assessed. Changes in inflammatory factors renal cells from experimental mice as well as insulin resistance were also analyzed. Morphological changes and immunocytes in renal cells were determined by immunostaining. The results demonstrated that resveratrol treatment decreased the apoptotic rate of renal cells from experimental mice. Oxidative stress also improved in renal cells, as indicated by inhibition of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal levels. In addition, insulin resistance was improved after an 8-week treatment with resveratrol. Inflammatory factors were decreased and factors promoting kidney function were increased after resveratrol treatment. Furthermore, morphological changes were observed to be ameliorated, indicating the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol. In addition, immunocyte precipitation in renal cells was markedly decreased in resveratrol-treated mice. Importantly, the AMPK signaling pathway was found to be involved in the beneficial effect of resveratrol on the model mice. In conclusion, the present study suggested that resveratrol may be an ideal agent for the treatment of chronic renal failure induced by type-II diabetes through regulation of the AMPK signaling pathway, which should be further investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Guo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, Shanxi 032200, P.R. China
| | - Linyun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanxi Fenyang Prison Hospital, Fenyang, Shanxi 032200, P.R. China
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Xiao S, Zhang M, He Z, Wang D. Celastrol attenuates symptoms of preeclampsia in rats by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 830:33-38. [PMID: 29694830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is reported in pregnant women around the world and often causes maternal/fetal mortality and morbidity. In the current study, we assessed the efficacy of celastrol on a rat preeclampsia model induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). Pregnant rats were administered L-NAME to establish preeclampsia. A total of 48 animals were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 12 each): control, control plus celastrol treatment (control+celastrol), preeclampsia, and preeclampsia plus celastrol. Physiological parameters including total urine protein, urine volume and blood pressure were evaluated. Urinary messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of podocin and nephrin were determined using RT-PCR. Further, levels of serum placenta growth factor (PlGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and renal renal soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) were also measured. In rats with preeclampsia, there were robust increases in total urine protein, urine volume and blood pressure, which were significantly attenuated in rats treated with celastrol. Urinary mRNA levels of podocin and nephrin, as well as PlGF, MMP-9 and sFlt-1, were all reversed in preeclampsia plus celastrol group compared to rats in the preeclampsia group without celastrol treatments. MMP-9 overexpression in rats completely abolished the alleviating effect of celastrol. We hereby presented the first evidence that celastrol attenuated preeclampsia symptoms in an L-NAME-induced rat model of preeclampsia through inhibition of MMP-9 expression, supporting the potential therapeutic value of celastrol in the treatment of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhenzhen He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Deling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.
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Chen SR, Dai Y, Zhao J, Lin L, Wang Y, Wang Y. A Mechanistic Overview of Triptolide and Celastrol, Natural Products from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:104. [PMID: 29491837 PMCID: PMC5817256 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide and celastrol are predominantly active natural products isolated from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. These compounds exhibit similar pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. Triptolide and celastrol also provide neuroprotection and prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, toxicity restricts the further development of triptolide and celastrol. In this review, we comprehensively review therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action, and translational study of triptolide and celastrol. We systemically discuss the structure-activity-relationship of triptolide, celastrol, and their derivatives. Furthermore, we propose the use of structural derivatives, targeted therapy, and combination treatment as possible solutions to reduce toxicity and increase therapeutic window of these potent natural products from T. wilfordii Hook F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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SIRT3: A New Regulator of Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7293861. [PMID: 29643974 PMCID: PMC5831850 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7293861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide, and defects in mitochondrial function contribute largely to the occurrence of CVDs. Recent studies suggest that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), the mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase, may regulate mitochondrial function and biosynthetic pathways such as glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by reversible protein lysine deacetylation. SIRT3 regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and maintains myocardial ATP levels, which protects the heart from metabolic disturbances. SIRT3 can also protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-mediated cell damage and block the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Recent reports show that SIRT3 is involved in the protection of several heart diseases. This review discusses the progress in SIRT3-related research and the role of SIRT3 in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Mehrabi S, Sanadgol N, Barati M, Shahbazi A, Vahabzadeh G, Barzroudi M, Seifi M, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Golab F. Evaluation of metformin effects in the chronic phase of spontaneous seizures in pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:107-114. [PMID: 29080083 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common form of drug-resistant epilepsy that sometimes responds to dietary manipulation such as the 'ketogenic diet'. Here we have investigated the effects of metformin in the rat pilocaroin model of TLE. Male rats were treated with intra peritoneal injection of pilocarpine hydrochloride, in dose of 360 mg/kg to induce status epilepticus (SE). At 45 day after induction of SE, metformin was injected intraperitoneally in dose of 250 mg/kg/day for 5 days. We show that metformin potently reduces the progression of seizures and blocks seizure-induced over-expression of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). We have shown that this reduced expression pattern is mediated by the transcriptional co-repressor CtBP (C-terminal binding protein). Moreover, metformin decreased mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Our findings have been shown that metformin has anticonvulsant and antiepileptic properties, and suggesting that antiglycolytic compounds such as metformin may represent a new class of drugs for treating epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mehrabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Barati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shahbazi
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelareh Vahabzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Barzroudi
- Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Seifi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Amelioration of streptozotocin‑induced pancreatic β cell damage by morin: Involvement of the AMPK‑FOXO3‑catalase signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1409-1418. [PMID: 29286118 PMCID: PMC5819920 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are sensitive to oxidative stress, which is one of the predominant causes of cell damage and the emergence of diabetes. The identification of effective therapeutic strategies to protect pancreatic cells from oxidative stress has increased interest in the screening of antioxidants from natural products. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of morin against streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced cell damage in a rat insulinoma cell line (RINm5F pancreatic β cells) and to identify the underlying mechanisms. The results indicated that morin inhibited the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, attenuated the activity of poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase, restored intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and reduced the apoptotic cell death of STZ‑treated pancreatic β cells. Treatment with morin significantly upregulated catalase in pancreatic β cells, and ameliorated the STZ‑induced loss of catalase at the genetic, protein and enzymatic level. In further experiments, morin induced the phosphorylation of 5' adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), which subsequently promoted the translocation of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) to the nucleus. Specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against AMPK and FOXO3 suppressed morin‑induced catalase expression. Furthermore, catalase‑specific siRNA abolished the protective effects of morin against STZ‑stimulated cell death. Taken together, these results indicated that morin protected RINm5F cells from STZ‑induced cell damage by triggering the phosphorylation of AMPK, thus resulting in subsequent activation of FOXO3 and induction of catalase.
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Nonaka K, Une S, Komatsu M, Yamaji R, Akiyama J. Heat stress prevents the decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity in the extensor digitorum longus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Res 2017; 67:117-126. [PMID: 29137485 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether heat stress (HS) prevents a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) contents in the extensor digitorum longus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the four groups (n=6/group): control (Con), HS, diabetes mellitus (DM), and diabetes mellitus and heat stress (DM+HS). Diabetes was induced by the administration of STZ (50 mg/kg). HS was initiated 7 days after STZ treatment and performed at 42 °C for 30 min 5 times a week for 3 weeks. SDH activity was decreased in the DM and DM+HS groups. However, SDH activity was greater in the DM+HS group than in the DM group. Although HSP60 content was lower in the DM group than in the Con group, it was maintained in the DM+HS groups and was higher than that in the DM group. SOD2 content was decreased only in the DM group. These findings suggest that HS prevents the decrease in SDH activity in the skeletal muscle induced by DM. According to this mechanism, the maintenance of SOD2 and HSP60 by HS may suppress the increase in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nonaka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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Zhang M, Tang J, Li Y, Xie Y, Shan H, Chen M, Zhang J, Yang X, Zhang Q, Yang X. Curcumin attenuates skeletal muscle mitochondrial impairment in COPD rats: PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway involved. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:168-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jannuzzi AT, Kara M, Alpertunga B. Celastrol ameliorates acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:742-751. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117734622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug in the world. However, hepatotoxicity caused by APAP overdose is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure worldwide and oxidative stress involved in the pathogenesis of APAP hepatotoxicity. Celastrol is a natural triterpenoid derived from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of celastrol against APAP-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were incubated with 20 mM of APAP for 24 h and posttreated with 50 nM, 100 nM, or 200 nM of celastrol for a further 24 h. The methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, lactate dehydrogenase, and neutral red uptake assays showed celastrol posttreatments recovered cell viability and cell membrane integrity in a concentration-dependent manner. Celastrol posttreatments exerted a significant increase in the glutathione content and a decrease in the malondialdehyde and protein carbonylation levels. Also, celastrol posttreatments attenuated the APAP-induced oxidative stress by raising glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase activities. However, superoxide dismutase activity did not change. In conclusion, celastrol treatment may improve cell viability and increase cellular antioxidant defense in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that celastrol may have the potential to ameliorate the APAP-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- AT Jannuzzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Alpertunga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sirt1-Sirt3 axis regulates human blood-brain barrier permeability in response to ischemia. Redox Biol 2017; 14:229-236. [PMID: 28965081 PMCID: PMC5633840 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) and Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) are two well-characterized members of the silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) family of proteins. Both Sirt1 and Sirt3 have been shown to play vital roles in resistance to cellular stress, but the interaction between these two sirtuins has not been fully determined. In this study, we investigated the role of Sirt1-Sirt3 axis in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability after ischemia in vitro. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes were co-cultured to model the BBB in vitro and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) was performed to mimic ischemia. The results of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) showed that suppression of Sirt1 via siRNA or salermide significantly decreased BBB permeability, whereas Sirt3 knockdown increased BBB permeability. In addition, Sirt1 was shown to regulate Sirt3 expression after OGD through inhibiting the AMPK-PGC1 pathway. Application of the AMPK inhibitor compound C partially prevented the effects of Sirt1-Sirt3 axis on BBB permeability after OGD. The results of flow cytometry and cytochrome c release demonstrated that Sirt1 and Sirt3 exert opposite effects on OGD-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, suppression of Sirt1 was shown to attenuate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which contribute to the Sirt1-Sirt3 axis-induced regulation of BBB permeability and cell damage. In summary, these findings demonstrate that the Sirt1-Sirt3 axis might act as an important modulator in BBB physiology, and could be a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke via regulating mitochondrial ROS generation.
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Zhu D, Zhang X, Niu Y, Diao Z, Ren B, Li X, Liu Z, Liu X. Cichoric acid improved hyperglycaemia and restored muscle injury via activating antioxidant response in MLD-STZ-induced diabetic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:138-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cascão R, Fonseca JE, Moita LF. Celastrol: A Spectrum of Treatment Opportunities in Chronic Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:69. [PMID: 28664158 PMCID: PMC5471334 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of new bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants with significant therapeutic properties has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Such is the case of the Tripterygium wilfordii (TW), an herb used in Chinese medicine. Clinical trials performed so far using its root extracts have shown impressive therapeutic properties but also revealed substantial gastrointestinal side effects. The most promising bioactive compound obtained from TW is celastrol. During the last decade, an increasing number of studies were published highlighting the medicinal usefulness of celastrol in diverse clinical areas. Here we systematically review the mechanism of action and the therapeutic properties of celastrol in inflammatory diseases, namely, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel diseases, osteoarthritis and allergy, as well as in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and hearing loss. We will also focus in the toxicological profile and limitations of celastrol formulation, namely, solubility, bioavailability, and dosage issues that still limit its further clinical application and usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cascão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João E Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis F Moita
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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Abdelaziz HA, Shaker ME, Hamed MF, Gameil NM. Repression of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by a combination of celastrol and brilliant blue G. Toxicol Lett 2017; 275:6-18. [PMID: 28435131 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The sterile inflammatory response is an eminent contributor to acetaminophen (APAP)-hepatotoxicity in humans. Recent advances unraveled an axial role of the NLRP3-inflammasome in APAP-post injury inflammation. Nevertheless, the role of signaling events preceded the NLRP3-inflammasome activation, like the transcription factor NF-κB and the purinergic receptor P2X7, is still unclear and needs further elucidation. Here, we investigated the pharmacological inhibition of these upstream signaling molecules by celastrol and brilliant blue G (BBG) (separately or simultaneously) in APAP-hepatotoxicity in mice. The results indicated that both celastrol and BBG pretreatments, especially when combined together, curbed APAP-induced hepatocellular injury (ALT, AST and LDH) and death (necrosis and apoptosis). The underlying mechanisms of protection of such combination against APAP-challenge were attributed to their efficient cooperation in: i) preventing the consumption of hepatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase); ii) limiting the overproduction of lipid peroxidation aldehydes (malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal) and total nitrate/nitrite products; iii) attenuating the inflammatory cells accumulation in the liver, as evidenced by reducing the number of F4/80 positive cells/field in immunostaining and myeloperoxidase activity; iv) reversing the dysregulation in production of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-17A and IL-23) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines; and v) enhancing the reparative capacity of injured hepatocytes, as demonstrated by increasing the percentage of PCNA positive hepatocytes per field of immunostaining. In conclusion, this murine study elicits a potential clinical applicability and therapeutic utility of celastrol and BBG combination in human cases of APAP-overdose hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Abdelaziz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Pharmacology and Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Shaker
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Hamed
- Pathology Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nariman M Gameil
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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