1
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Suske T, Sorger H, Manhart G, Ruge F, Prutsch N, Zimmerman MW, Eder T, Abdallah DI, Maurer B, Wagner C, Schönefeldt S, Spirk K, Pichler A, Pemovska T, Schweicker C, Pölöske D, Hubanic E, Jungherz D, Müller TA, Aung MMK, Orlova A, Pham HTT, Zimmel K, Krausgruber T, Bock C, Müller M, Dahlhoff M, Boersma A, Rülicke T, Fleck R, de Araujo ED, Gunning PT, Aittokallio T, Mustjoki S, Sanda T, Hartmann S, Grebien F, Hoermann G, Haferlach T, Staber PB, Neubauer HA, Look AT, Herling M, Moriggl R. Hyperactive STAT5 hijacks T cell receptor signaling and drives immature T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e168536. [PMID: 38618957 PMCID: PMC11014662 DOI: 10.1172/jci168536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive immature T cell cancer. Mutations in IL7R have been analyzed genetically, but downstream effector functions such as STAT5A and STAT5B hyperactivation are poorly understood. Here, we studied the most frequent and clinically challenging STAT5BN642H driver in T cell development and immature T cell cancer onset and compared it with STAT5A hyperactive variants in transgenic mice. Enhanced STAT5 activity caused disrupted T cell development and promoted an early T cell progenitor-ALL phenotype, with upregulation of genes involved in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, even in absence of surface TCR. Importantly, TCR pathway genes were overexpressed in human T-ALL and mature T cell cancers and activation of TCR pathway kinases was STAT5 dependent. We confirmed STAT5 binding to these genes using ChIP-Seq analysis in human T-ALL cells, which were sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition by dual STAT3/5 degraders or ZAP70 tyrosine kinase blockers in vitro and in vivo. We provide genetic and biochemical proof that STAT5A and STAT5B hyperactivation can initiate T-ALL through TCR pathway hijacking and suggest similar mechanisms for other T cell cancers. Thus, STAT5 or TCR component blockade are targeted therapy options, particularly in patients with chemoresistant clones carrying STAT5BN642H.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriele Manhart
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Ruge
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and
| | - Nicole Prutsch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark W. Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Eder
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diaaeldin I. Abdallah
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Pichler
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tea Pemovska
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmen Schweicker
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Dennis Jungherz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tony Andreas Müller
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and
| | | | | | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Auke Boersma
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Elvin Dominic de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Thomas Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Janpix, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Grebien
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Philipp Bernhard Staber
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alfred Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marco Herling
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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2
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Henriques SN, Oliveira L, Santos RF, Carmo AM. CD6-mediated inhibition of T cell activation via modulation of Ras. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:184. [PMID: 36414966 PMCID: PMC9682754 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD6 is one of many cell surface receptors known to regulate signal transduction upon T cell activation. However, whether CD6 mediates costimulatory or inhibitory signals is controversial. When T cells engage with antigen presenting cells (APCs), CD6 interacts with its ligand CD166 at the cell-cell interface while the cytosolic tail assembles a complex signalosome composed of adaptors and effector enzymes, that may either trigger activating signaling cascades, or instead modulate the intensity of signaling. Except for a few cytosolic adaptors that connect different components of the CD6 signalosome, very little is known about the mechanistic effects of the cytosolic effectors that bind CD6. METHODS Jurkat model T cells were transfected to express wild-type (WT) CD6, or a cytoplasmic truncation, signaling-disabled mutant, CD6Δcyt. The two resulting cell lines were directly activated by superantigen (sAg)-loaded Raji cells, used as APCs, to assess the net signaling function of CD6. The Jurkat cell lines were further adapted to express a FRET-based unimolecular HRas biosensor that reported the activity of this crucial GTPase at the immunological synapse. RESULTS We show that deletion of the cytosolic tail of CD6 enhances T-cell responses, indicating that CD6 restrains T-cell activation. One component of the CD6-associated inhibitory apparatus was found to be the GTPase activating protein of Ras (RasGAP), that we show to associate with CD6 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The FRET HRas biosensor that we developed was demonstrated to be functional and reporting the activation of the T cell lines. This allowed to determine that the presence of the cytosolic tail of CD6 results in the down-regulation of HRas activity at the immunological synapse, implicating this fundamental GTPase as one of the targets inhibited by CD6. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first description of a mechanistic sequence of events underlying the CD6-mediated inhibition of T-cell activation, involving the modulation of the MAPK pathway at several steps, starting with the coupling of RasGAP to the CD6 signalosome, the repression of the activity of Ras, and culminating in the reduction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and of the expression of the T-cell activation markers CD69 and IL-2R α chain. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia N. Henriques
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Oliveira
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita F. Santos
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre M. Carmo
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
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3
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Abstract
Conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes comprise a mixture of naive and memory cells. Generation and survival of these T-cell subsets is under strict homeostatic control and reflects contact with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and certain cytokines. Naive T cells arise in the thymus via T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent positive selection to self-peptide/MHC complexes and are then maintained in the periphery through self-MHC interaction plus stimulation via interleukin-7 (IL-7). By contrast, memory T cells are largely MHC-independent for their survival but depend strongly on stimulation via cytokines. Whereas typical memory T cells are generated in response to foreign antigens, some arise spontaneously through contact of naive precursors with self-MHC ligands; we refer to these cells as memory-phenotype (MP) T cells. In this review, we discuss the generation and homeostasis of naive T cells and these two types of memory T cells, focusing on their relative interaction with MHC ligands and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawabe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jaeu Yi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan Sprent
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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4
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CD5 dynamically calibrates basal NF-κB signaling in T cells during thymic development and peripheral activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14342-14353. [PMID: 32513716 PMCID: PMC7322041 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922525117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature T cells undergo a process of positive selection in the thymus when their new T cell receptor (TCR) engages and signals in response to self-peptides. As the T cell matures, a slew of negative regulatory molecules, including the inhibitory surface glycoprotein CD5, are up-regulated in proportion to the strength of the self-peptide signal. Together these regulators dampen TCR-proximal signaling and help avoid any subsequent peripheral activation of T cells by self-peptides. Paradoxically, antigen-specific T cells initially expressing more CD5 (CD5hi) have been found to better persist as effector/memory cells after a peripheral challenge. The molecular mechanisms underlying such a duality in CD5 function is not clear. We found that CD5 alters the basal activity of the NF-κB signaling in resting peripheral T cells. When CD5 was conditionally ablated, T cells were unable to maintain higher expression of the cytoplasmic NF-κB inhibitor IκBα. Consistent with this, resting CD5hi T cells expressed more of the NF-κB p65 protein than CD5lo cells, without significant increases in transcript levels, in the absence of TCR signals. This posttranslationally stabilized cellular NF-κB depot potentially confers a survival advantage to CD5hi T cells over CD5lo ones. Taken together, these data suggest a two-step model whereby the strength of self-peptide-induced TCR signal lead to the up-regulation of CD5, which subsequently maintains a proportional reserve of NF-κB in peripheral T cells poised for responding to agonistic antigen-driven T cell activation.
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5
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CD5 signalosome coordinates antagonist TCR signals to control the generation of Treg cells induced by foreign antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12969-12979. [PMID: 32434911 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917182117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5 is characterized as an inhibitory coreceptor with an important regulatory role during T cell development. The molecular mechanism by which CD5 operates has been puzzling and its function in mature T cells suggests promoting rather than repressing effects on immune responses. Here, we combined quantitative mass spectrometry and genetic studies to analyze the components and the activity of the CD5 signaling machinery in primary T cells. We found that T cell receptor (TCR) engagement induces the selective phosphorylation of CD5 tyrosine 429, which serves as a docking site for proteins with adaptor functions (c-Cbl, CIN85, CRKL), connecting CD5 to positive (PI3K) and negative (UBASH3A, SHIP1) regulators of TCR signaling. c-CBL acts as a coordinator in this complex enabling CD5 to synchronize positive and negative feedbacks on TCR signaling through the other components. Disruption of CD5 signalosome in mutant mice reveals that it modulates TCR signal outputs to selectively repress the transactivation of Foxp3 and limit the inopportune induction of peripherally induced regulatory T cells during immune responses against foreign antigen. Our findings bring insights into the paradigm of coreceptor signaling, suggesting that, in addition to providing dualistic enhancing or dampening inputs, coreceptors can engage concomitant stimulatory and inhibitory signaling events, which act together to promote specific functional outcomes.
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6
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Abstract
After selection in the thymus, the post-thymic T cell compartments comprise heterogenous subsets of naive and memory T cells that make continuous T cell receptor (TCR) contact with self-ligands bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. T cell recognition of self-MHC ligands elicits covert TCR signaling and is particularly important for controlling survival of naive T cells. Such tonic TCR signaling is tightly controlled and maintains the cells in a quiescent state to avoid autoimmunity. Here, we review how naive and memory T cells are differentially tuned and wired for TCR sensitivity to self and foreign ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Cho
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jonathan Sprent
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.,Immunology Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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7
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Burgueño-Bucio E, Mier-Aguilar CA, Soldevila G. The multiple faces of CD5. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:891-904. [PMID: 30676652 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0618-226r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, over 30 years ago, CD5 has been used as a marker to identify T cells, B1-a cells, and B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Throughout the years, many studies have described the functional relevance of CD5 as a modulator of T and B cell receptor signaling. However, it has not been until recent years that CD5 has emerged as a functional receptor in other areas of the immune system. Here, we review some of the most important aspects of CD5 as a modulator of TCR and BCR signaling, cell survival receptor both in T and B cells during health and disease, as well as the newly discovered roles of this receptor in thymocyte selection, T cell effector differentiation, and immune tolerance. CD5 was found to promote T cell survival by protecting autoreactive T cell from activation-induced cell death, to promote de novo induction of regulatory T cells in the periphery, to modulate Th17 and Th2 differentiation, and to modulate immune responses by modulating dendritic cell functions. CD5 is overexpressed in Tregs and Bregs, which are fundamental to maintain immune homeostasis. The newly established roles of CD5 in modulating different aspects of immune responses identify this receptor as an immune checkpoint modulator, and therefore it could be used as a target for immune intervention in different pathologies such as cancer, autoimmune diseases or infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Burgueño-Bucio
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Mier-Aguilar
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Soldevila
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Milam AAV, Bartleson JM, Donermeyer DL, Horvath S, Durai V, Raju S, Yu H, Redmann V, Zinselmeyer B, White JM, Murphy KM, Allen PM. Tuning T Cell Signaling Sensitivity Alters the Behavior of CD4 + T Cells during an Immune Response. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:3429-3437. [PMID: 29618523 PMCID: PMC5940509 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intricate processes in the thymus and periphery help curb the development and activation of autoreactive T cells. The subtle signals that govern these processes are an area of great interest, but tuning TCR sensitivity for the purpose of affecting T cell behavior remains technically challenging. Previously, our laboratory described the derivation of two TCR-transgenic CD4 T cell mouse lines, LLO56 and LLO118, which recognize the same cognate Listeria epitope with the same affinity. Despite the similarity of the two TCRs, LLO56 cells respond poorly in a primary infection whereas LLO118 cells respond robustly. Phenotypic examination of both lines revealed a substantial difference in their surface of expression of CD5, which serves as a dependable readout of the self-reactivity of a cell. We hypothesized that the increased interaction with self by the CD5-high LLO56 was mediated through TCR signaling, and was involved in the characteristic weak primary response of LLO56 to infection. To explore this issue, we generated an inducible knock-in mouse expressing the self-sensitizing voltage-gated sodium channel Scn5a. Overexpression of Scn5a in peripheral T cells via the CD4-Cre promoter resulted in increased TCR-proximal signaling. Further, Scn5a-expressing LLO118 cells, after transfer into BL6 recipient mice, displayed an impaired response during infection relative to wild-type LLO118 cells. In this way, we were able to demonstrate that tuning of TCR sensitivity to self can be used to alter in vivo immune responses. Overall, these studies highlight the critical relationship between TCR-self-pMHC interaction and an immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Viehmann Milam
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Juliet M Bartleson
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - David L Donermeyer
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Stephen Horvath
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Vivek Durai
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Veronika Redmann
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Bernd Zinselmeyer
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - J Michael White
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Paul M Allen
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
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9
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Freitas CMT, Johnson DK, Weber KS. T Cell Calcium Signaling Regulation by the Co-Receptor CD5. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1295. [PMID: 29701673 PMCID: PMC5983667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium influx is critical for T cell effector function and fate. T cells are activated when T cell receptors (TCRs) engage peptides presented by antigen-presenting cells (APC), causing an increase of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration. Co-receptors stabilize interactions between the TCR and its ligand, the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC), and enhance Ca2+ signaling and T cell activation. Conversely, some co-receptors can dampen Ca2+ signaling and inhibit T cell activation. Immune checkpoint therapies block inhibitory co-receptors, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1), to increase T cell Ca2+ signaling and promote T cell survival. Similar to CTLA-4 and PD-1, the co-receptor CD5 has been known to act as a negative regulator of T cell activation and to alter Ca2+ signaling and T cell function. Though much is known about the role of CD5 in B cells, recent research has expanded our understanding of CD5 function in T cells. Here we review these recent findings and discuss how our improved understanding of CD5 Ca2+ signaling regulation could be useful for basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Tellez Freitas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Deborah K Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - K Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
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10
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Presotto D, Erdes E, Duong MN, Allard M, Regamey PO, Quadroni M, Doucey MA, Rufer N, Hebeisen M. Fine-Tuning of Optimal TCR Signaling in Tumor-Redirected CD8 T Cells by Distinct TCR Affinity-Mediated Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1564. [PMID: 29187853 PMCID: PMC5694758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Redirecting CD8 T cell immunity with self/tumor-specific affinity-matured T cell receptors (TCRs) is a promising approach for clinical adoptive T cell therapy, with the aim to improve treatment efficacy. Despite numerous functional-based studies, little is known about the characteristics of TCR signaling (i.e., intensity, duration, and amplification) and the regulatory mechanisms underlying optimal therapeutic T cell responses. Using a panel of human SUP-T1 and primary CD8 T cells engineered with incremental affinity TCRs against the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1, we found that upon activation, T cells with optimal-affinity TCRs generated intense and sustained proximal (CD3ζ, LCK) signals associated with distal (ERK1/2) amplification-gain and increased function. In contrast, in T cells with very high affinity TCRs, signal initiation was rapid and strong yet only transient, resulting in poor MAPK activation and low proliferation potential even at high antigen stimulation dose. Under resting conditions, the levels of surface TCR/CD3ε, CD8β, and CD28 expression and of CD3ζ phosphorylation were significantly reduced in those hyporesponsive cells, suggesting the presence of TCR affinity-related activation thresholds. We also show that SHP phosphatases were involved along the TCR affinity gradient, but displayed spatially distinct regulatory roles. While PTPN6/SHP-1 phosphatase activity controlled TCR signaling initiation and subsequent amplification by counteracting CD3ζ and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, PTPN11/SHP-2 augmented MAPK activation without affecting proximal TCR signaling. Together, our findings indicate that optimal TCR signaling can be finely tuned by TCR affinity-dependent SHP-1 and SHP-2 activity, and this may readily be determined at the TCR/CD3 complex level. We propose that these TCR affinity-associated regulations represent potential protective mechanisms preventing high affinity TCR-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Presotto
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Efe Erdes
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Minh Ngoc Duong
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Allard
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Olivier Regamey
- Protein Analysis Facility, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manfredo Quadroni
- Protein Analysis Facility, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Agnès Doucey
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Rufer
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hebeisen
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Freitas CMT, Hamblin GJ, Raymond CM, Weber KS. Naïve helper T cells with high CD5 expression have increased calcium signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178799. [PMID: 28562659 PMCID: PMC5451127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response is orchestrated by T helper cells and their function is dependent upon interactions between the T cell receptor (TCR), peptide MHC (pMHC) and co-receptors. TCR-pMHC interactions initiate calcium signaling cascades which determine T cell activation, survival, proliferation and differentiation. CD5 is a co-receptor that plays an important role in regulating T cell signaling and fate during thymocyte education. CD5 surface expression on mature single positive thymocytes correlates with the TCR signal strength for positive selecting self-ligands. CD5 also plays a role in T cell function after thymic development is complete. Peripheral T cells with higher CD5 expression respond better to foreign antigen than those with lower CD5 expression and CD5-high T cells are enriched in memory populations. In our study, we examined the role of CD5 expression and calcium signaling in the primary response of T cells using two Listeria monocytogenes specific T helper cells (LLO118 and LLO56). These T cells recognize the same immunodominant epitope (LLO190-205) of L. monocytogenes and have divergent primary and secondary responses and different levels of CD5 expression. We found that each T cell has unique calcium mobilization in response to in vitro stimulation with LLO190-205 and that CD5 expression levels in these cells changed over time following stimulation. LLO56 naïve T helper cells, which expresses higher levels of CD5, have higher calcium mobilization than naïve LLO118 T cells. Three days after in vitro stimulation, LLO118 T cells had more robust calcium mobilization than LLO56 and there were no differences in calcium mobilization 8 days after in vitro stimulation. To further evaluate the role of CD5, we measured calcium signaling in CD5 knockout LLO118 and LLO56 T cells at these three time points and found that CD5 plays a significant role in promoting the calcium signaling of naïve CD5-high LLO56 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M. Tellez Freitas
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Garrett J. Hamblin
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Carlee M. Raymond
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - K. Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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