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Wang H, Nie Y, Sun Z, He Y, Yang J. Serum amyloid P component: Structure, biological activity, and application in diagnosis and treatment of immune-associated diseases. Mol Immunol 2024; 172:1-8. [PMID: 38850776 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a member the innate immune humoral arm and participated in various processes, including the innate immune responses, tissue remodeling, and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Remarkably, SAP is a highly versatile immunomodulatory factor that can serve as a drug target for treating amyloid diseases and reduce inflammation, fibrosis degree, and respiratory disease. In this review, we focus on the biological activities of SAP and its application in different systemic immune-associated diseases. First, we reviewed the regulatory effects of SAP on innate immune cells and possible mechanisms. Second, we emphasized SAP as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for immune-associated diseases, including the neuropsychiatric disorders. Third, we presented several recommendations for regulating SAP in immune cell function and potential areas for future research. Some authorities consider SAP to be a pattern recognition molecule that plays multiple roles in the innate immune system and inflammation. Developing therapeutics that target SAP or its associated signaling pathways may be a promising strategy for treating immune-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yadan Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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2
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Rao GK, Santagostino SF, Wong L, Inoue A, Arjomandi A, Yadav R, Halpern WG. Repeat-dose and embryo-fetal developmental toxicity of zinpentraxin alfa. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108526. [PMID: 38141866 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Zinpentraxin alfa is a recombinant human pentraxin-2 (PTX-2) developed for the treatment of various fibrotic diseases with the hypothesis that supplementing endogenous PTX-2 levels through intravenous administration should increase its regulatory capacity in circulation and at the site of disease, thereby promoting healing and reducing fibrosis. Zinpentraxin alfa has been studied in various clinical trials, particularly in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, where it has demonstrated efficacy in slowing decline in lung function in a phase 2 study. In the present investigation, we summarize findings from 14-day repeat-dose toxicity studies in rats and cynomolgus monkeys supporting early clinical development of zinpentraxin alfa. In addition, we also describe the findings from the embryo-fetal developmental (EFD) studies conducted in rats and rabbits, since the intended fibrosis patient population may include patients of childbearing potential. Zinpentraxin alfa was well tolerated by rats and monkeys in general toxicity studies with no treatment-related adverse effects, as well as by pregnant rats over the same dose range in a definitive EFD study. In contrast, substantial toxicity was observed in a rabbit dose-range-finder EFD study. Zinpentraxin alfa was poorly tolerated by pregnant rabbits and effects on the dams correlated with post-implantation fetal losses. The disparate effects of zinpentraxin alfa on embryo-fetal development between the two species suggests a potential unknown biological function of PTX-2 in pregnancy in the rabbit, which may be relevant to humans. Our findings warrant the consideration for highly effective contraceptive measures to avoid pregnancy in patients enrolled in clinical studies with zinpentraxin alfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham K Rao
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Sara F Santagostino
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lisa Wong
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ayumi Inoue
- SNBL, Ltd., Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Audrey Arjomandi
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rajbharan Yadav
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wendy G Halpern
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Shan J, Qi X, Liu Q. Improved Bioavailability and Hepatoprotective Activity of Baicalein Via a Self-assembled Solutol HS15 Micelles System. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:461-472. [PMID: 37282637 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230606163452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baicalein (BA) is a flavonoid extract from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with excellent biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its poor water solubility limits its further development. OBJECTIVE This study aims to prepare BA-loaded Solutol HS15 (HS15-BA) micelles, evaluate the bioavailability, and explore protective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced acute liver injury. METHODS The thin-film dispersion method was used to prepare HS15-BA micelles. The physicochemical, in vitro release, pharmacokinetics, and hepatoprotective effects of HS15-BA micelles were studied. RESULTS The optimal formulation showed a spherical shape by characterization of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) with an average small size (12.50 nm). The pharmacokinetic results illustrated that HS15-BA increased the oral bioavailability of BA. The in vivo results showed that HS15-BA micelles significantly inhibited the activity of the CCl4-induced liver injury marker enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). Also, CCl4 induced oxidative damage to liver tissue, leading to increased L-glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, while HS15-BA significantly reversed the above changes. Moreover, BA also had a hepatoprotective effect through anti-inflammatory activity; the results of ELISA and RT-PCR revealed that HS15-BA pretreatment significantly inhibited the increase in the expression of inflammatory factors induced by CCl4. CONCLUSION In summary, our study confirmed that HS15-BA micelles enhanced the bioavailability of BA, and showed hepatoprotective effects through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. HS15 could be considered a promising oral delivery carrier in treating liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Jiaojiao Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Xueju Qi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China
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Zhao Y, Dai E, Dong L, Yuan J, Zhao Y, Wu T, Kong R, Li M, Wang S, Zhou L, Yang Y, Kong H, Zhao Y, Qu H. Available and novel plant-based carbon dots derived from Vaccaria Semen carbonisata alleviates liver fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1282929. [PMID: 38116381 PMCID: PMC10729316 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1282929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis represents an intermediate stage in the progression of liver disease, and as of now, there exists no established clinical therapy for effective antifibrotic treatment. Purpose: Our aim is to explore the impact of Carbon dots derived from Vaccaria Semen Carbonisata (VSC-CDs) on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Methods: VSC-CDs were synthesized employing a modified pyrolysis process. Comprehensive characterization was performed utilizing various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), multiple spectroscopies, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A hepatic fibrosis model induced by carbon tetrachloride was utilized to evaluate the anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of VSC-CDs. Results: VSC-CDs, exhibiting a quantum yield (QY) of approximately 2.08%, were nearly spherical with diameters ranging from 1.0 to 5.5 nm. The VSC-CDs prepared in this study featured a negative charge and abundant chemical functional groups. Furthermore, these particles demonstrated outstanding dispersibility in the aqueous phase and high biocompatibility. Moreover, VSC-CDs not only enhanced liver function and alleviated liver damage in pathomorphology but also mitigated the extent of liver fibrosis. Additionally, this study marks the inaugural demonstration of the pronounced activity of VSC-CDs in inhibiting inflammatory reactions, reducing oxidative damage, and modulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Conclusion: VSC-CDs exerted significant potential for application in nanodrugs aimed at treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ertong Dai
- Qingdao Eighth People’s Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Liyang Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinye Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruolan Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Menghan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zhai Y, Tang H, Zhang Q, Peng Y, Zhao L, Zhang B, Yang Y, Ma J, Zhu J, Zhang D. The Protective Effect of Lycium barbarum Betaine and Effervescent Tablet Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats. Nat Prod Commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x231161419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is essential for animals and humans. Because of their low side effects and high safety, natural products have recently become a research hotspot for human health-related issues that can damage the liver. In this study, we investigated the protective effects in rats of Lycium barbarum betaine (LBB) and Lycium barbarum betaine Effervescent Tablet (LBBET) against liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The results showed that LBB and LBBET pretreatment significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase, as well as the liver tissue levels of malondialdehyde. Meanwhile, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly increased in liver tissues. In addition, LBB and LBBET may effectively alleviate CCl4-induced liver injury by a mechanism related to the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, LBB and LBBET may serve as potential mitigators of CCl4-induced liver injury. Effervescent Tablet can be used as either a new formulation or practical product for patients who have difficulty swallowing regular tablets or capsules. This study provides a basis and new ideas for the development of functional foods or drugs related to the field of liver protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhai
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Huaqiang Tang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qunhui Zhang
- College of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yanfeng Peng
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- College of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Benyin Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yongjing Yang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ji Zhu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Wei YY, Wang HR, Fan YM, Gu JH, Zhang XY, Gong XH, Hao ZH. Acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride reversal by Gandankang aqueous extracts through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114527. [PMID: 36628874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluated the effect and underlying mechanism of Gandankang (GDK) aqueous extract in alleviating the acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in vivo and in vitro. Mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8) for acute (Groups: control, 0.3 % CCl4, BD (Bifendate), 1.17, 2.34 and 4.68 mg/kg GDK) liver injury study. 10 µL/g CCl4 with corn oil were injected interperitoneally (i.p) expect the control group. HepG2 cells were used in vitro study. The results showed GDK can effectively inhibit liver damage and restore the structure and function of the liver. In mechanism, GDK inhibited CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and blocked the NF-κB pathway to effectively inhibit the hepatic inflammatory response; and inhibited CCl4-induced oxidative stress by upregulating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway-related proteins and promoting the synthesis of several antioxidants. Additionally, it inhibited ferroptosis in the liver by regulating the expression of ACSl4 and GPX4. GDK reduced lipid peroxide generation in vitro by downregulating the production of reactive oxygen species and Fe2+ aggregation, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and alleviating CCl4-induced hepatocyte injury. In conclusion, we describe the potential complex mechanism underlying the effect of GDK against acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wei
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Hui-Ru Wang
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yi-Meng Fan
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Jin-Hua Gu
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Zhang
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu-Hao Gong
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Hao
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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Nootkatone Supplementation Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury via the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, NF-κB Pathways, and the Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010194. [PMID: 36671056 PMCID: PMC9855146 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury is a type of liver diseases, and it has raised concerns worldwide due to the lack of effective therapies. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nootkatone (NOOT) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-caused acute liver injury in mice. Mice were randomly divided into control, CCl4 model, NOOT, and NOOT (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day) plus CCl4 groups, respectively. Mice in the CCl4 plus NOOT groups were orally administrated with NOOT at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/days for seven days prior to 0.3% CCl4 injection at 10 mL/kg body weight, respectively. Our results showed that NOOT supplementation significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced increases of serum AST and ALT levels, hepatocyte necrosis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and caspases-9 and -3 activities in the livers of mice. Moreover, NOOT supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNAs but downregulated the expression of NF-κB mRNAs and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α proteins in the liver tissues, compared to those in the CCl4 model group. In conclusion, for the first time, our results reveal that NOOT could offer protective effects against CCl4-caused oxidative stress and inflammatory response via the opposite regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and NF-κB pathway.
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Karhadkar TR, Chen W, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Inhibitors of the Sialidase NEU3 as Potential Therapeutics for Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:239. [PMID: 36613682 PMCID: PMC9820515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing diseases are a major medical problem, and are associated with more deaths per year than cancer in the US. Sialidases are enzymes that remove the sugar sialic acid from glycoconjugates. In this review, we describe efforts to inhibit fibrosis by inhibiting sialidases, and describe the following rationale for considering sialidases to be a potential target to inhibit fibrosis. First, sialidases are upregulated in fibrotic lesions in humans and in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Second, the extracellular sialidase NEU3 appears to be both necessary and sufficient for pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Third, there exist at least three mechanistic ways in which NEU3 potentiates fibrosis, with two of them being positive feedback loops where a profibrotic cytokine upregulates NEU3, and the upregulated NEU3 then upregulates the profibrotic cytokine. Fourth, a variety of NEU3 inhibitors block pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. Finally, the high sialidase levels in a fibrotic lesion cause an easily observed desialylation of serum proteins, and in a mouse model, sialidase inhibitors that stop fibrosis reverse the serum protein desialylation. This then indicates that serum protein sialylation is a potential surrogate biomarker for the effect of sialidase inhibitors, which would facilitate clinical trials to test the exciting possibility that sialidase inhibitors could be used as therapeutics for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474, USA
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Zhao Y, Wang J, Liu L, Wu Y, Hu Q, Zhao R. Vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri enhances the liver-targeting effect of rhein on liver injury rats by regulating transporters. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1588-1597. [PMID: 36181768 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore whether the liver-targeting enhancing effect of vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBRB) on rhein was achieved by affecting transporters, metabolism enzymes as well as hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α/4α (HNF1α/HNF4α) in liver injury. METHODS The effect of VBRB on the efficacy of rhein was performed with the LPS-induced acute liver injury rat model. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined and histopathological examination was taken. Drug concentrations in tissues were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The protein expressions of drug transporters, metabolic enzymes and hepatic nuclear factors were determined by Western blotting and ELISA assays. KEY FINDING VBRB improved the liver protecting effect of rhein, which was consistent with its promoting effect on targeted enrichment of rhein in the liver. VBRB or in combination with rhein inhibited P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multi-resistance related protein 2 (MRP2), while increased organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (OATP2), which might be the reason why VBRB promoted liver-targeting effect of rhein. CONCLUSION VBRB enhances the liver-protecting effect of rhein by down-regulating Pgp, MRP2, and up-regulating OATP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan Donglu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yayun Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiaohong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan Donglu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Li Y, Ji F, Ge G, Xu H. Midazolam Ameliorates Acute Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride via Enhancing Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:940137. [PMID: 35873576 PMCID: PMC9304748 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.940137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes greatly to initiation and progression of liver injury. Activation of nuclear-factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been considered as an attractive strategy for preventing and treating the oxidative damage related to liver injury. This study aimed to find an efficacious agent to activate Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway from clinically used therapeutic agents and to characterize the usefulness for preventing and treating CCl4-induced acute liver injury. For this purpose, a series of clinically used therapeutic agents were collected and their activation potentials on Nrf2 were assayed by using 293T-Nrf2-luc cell line. Among all tested therapeutic agents, midazolam was found with good Nrf2 activation effect and this agent could significantly ameliorate CCl4-induced damage to HepG2 cells. In vivo animal tests showed that pretreatment with midazolam reduced the liver pathological tissue damage and the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-induced liver injury mice. Further investigations showed that midazolam could strongly up-regulate the expression of both Nrf2 and HO-1 in the mice liver, accompanied by increasing of the levels of antioxidant enzyme SOD and reducing the production of MDA, as well as reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) secretion. Collectively, our results clearly demonstrate that midazolam can ameliorate CCl4-induced acute liver injury and oxidative stress via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadi Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangbo Ge, ; Hua Xu,
| | - Hua Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guangbo Ge, ; Hua Xu,
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Serum amyloid P component and pro-platelet basic protein in extracellular vesicles or serum are novel markers of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271020. [PMID: 35797333 PMCID: PMC9262231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs, and their cargos have emerged as novel diagnostic markers in various diseases. We aimed to discover novel and noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis by proteomic analysis using serum EVs in patients with chronic hepatitis C. We performed shotgun proteomics using serum EVs isolated from 54 patients with histologically assessed liver fibrosis. Shotgun proteomics identified a total of 974 proteins, and 445 proteins were detected in more than half of the patients. Among them, a total of 9 proteins were identified as proteins that tended to increase or decrease with liver fibrosis with a significance of p<0.005 and that were different between F1-2 patients and F3-4 patients with a significance of p<0.01. Among the 9 proteins, targeted proteomics using serum EVs isolated from the sera of another 80 patients with histologically assessed liver fibrosis verified that serum amyloid P component (SAP) and pro-platelet basic protein (PPBP) levels in EVs significantly decreased with the progression of liver fibrosis and were significantly lower in F3-4 patients than in F1-2 patients. The diagnostic accuracies of SAP and PPBP in EVs for the liver fibrosis stage were comparable to those of type IV collagen 7S, hyaluronic acid, and the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4 index). Moreover, serum SAP and PPBP levels correlated with the levels in EVs, and the ability of serum SAP and PPBP to diagnose liver fibrosis stage was also comparable to the abilities of type IV collagen 7S, hyaluronic acid, and the FIB-4 index. In conclusion, proteomic analysis of serum EVs identified SAP and PPBP as candidate biomarkers for predicting liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. In addition, SAP and PPBP levels in serum are strongly correlated with those in EVs and could represent markers of liver fibrosis.
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12
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Studies on the Antiliver Injury of Effective Parts from Saururus chinensis by Rats and Mice Model In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7821724. [PMID: 35518346 PMCID: PMC9064534 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7821724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of the effective parts from Saururus chinensis (EPS) in vivo. The antihepatic fibrosis and injury effects of EPS were investigated with the following four model animals including the effect on Wistar rats with liver fibrosis induced by complex factors, mice with acute liver injury induced, respectively, by carbon tetrachloride and alcohol, and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with acute liver injury caused by D-galactosamine hydrochloride. The pharmacodynamics results showed that the rats’ oral administration of EPS can significantly inhibit the formation of liver fibrosis in rats caused by complex factors and has significant preventive and therapeutic effects on acute liver injury caused by various factors as shown by decreased levels of serum biochemical indicators and improved pathological grade. Taken all together, our findings showed that EPS exhibits potent activities and should be considered a good option and an additional source of natural compounds for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis and hepatic injury.
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13
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Mogadem A, Naqvi A, Almamary MA, Ahmad WA, Jemon K, El-Alfy SH. Hepatoprotective effects of flexirubin, a novel pigment from Chryseobacterium artocarpi, against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury: An in vivo study and molecular modeling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 444:116022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Ma L, Ma Y, Ma BX, Ma M. Rosiglitazone ameliorates acute hepatic injury via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:300. [PMID: 35340872 PMCID: PMC8931635 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830049, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Bin-Xi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830049, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
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15
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Zheng WV, Li Y, Cheng X, Xu Y, Zhou T, Li D, Xiong Y, Wang S, Chen Z. Uridine alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by regulating the activity of liver-related cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:840-854. [PMID: 34970843 PMCID: PMC8817115 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, liver fibrosis is a major challenge of global health. When hepatocyte regeneration cannot compensate for hepatocyte death, it will develop into liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease. Initially, collagen produced by myofibroblasts plays a role in maintaining liver integrity, but excessive collagen accumulation can inhibit the residual liver function, leading to liver failure. At present, many scientists are actively looking for drugs to alleviate liver fibrosis. In the current study, we investigated the potential role of uridine in the treatment of liver fibrosis (uridine is a plant/animal‐derived pyrimidine nucleoside, therefore uridine can also be ingested and absorbed by the body, accompanied by the process of food intake). For this, we systematically studied the effect of uridine on CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo through a series of technologies, such as Western blot, laser confocal scanning microscope, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The experimental results showed that uridine can effectively reduce the accumulation of collagen in liver. Furthermore, uridine can improve the activity of liver cells and alleviate CCl4‐induced liver injury. Furthermore, uridine can significantly alleviate the risk factors caused by hepatic stellate cell activation, uridine treatment significantly down‐regulated the expression of α‐SMA, collagen type‐I and fibronectin. In conclusion, the current research shows that uridine can alleviate CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis, suggesting that uridine can be used as a potential drug to alleviate liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei V Zheng
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaqin Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianyi Cheng
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Minimally Invasion Intervention, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanwei Xu
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Minimally Invasion Intervention, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Health Management Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zaizhong Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Minimally Invasion Intervention, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Xu W, Wang P, Wang D, Liu K, Zhang S, Zhao W, Liu G. S-ketamine alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1308-1315. [PMID: 34310894 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of S-ketamine (S-KET) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) - induced liver damage and oxidative stress, as well as to elucidate the related underlying mechanisms. Blood was collected to measure biochemical parameters (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT)) and the liver was harvested for histopathological analysis of enzymes related to the antioxidant response (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)). Liver cell apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay. In addition, the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway were detected by Western blot analysis to explore potential mechanisms. S-KET protected the liver from CCl4-induced damage. The changes to the liver biochemical parameters (increased ALT, AST, ALP, TB, and γ-GT) and oxidative stress-related indicators (increased MDA; depleted SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX) induced by CCl4 were inhibited by S-KET. S-Ket also inhibited CCl4-induced cell apoptosis, the changes in expression of related proteins, and blocked CCl4-induced liver injury and oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. S-KET effectively protected the liver by inhibition of CCl4-induced damage via upregulation the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Dalong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
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17
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Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and ALOX12 and NF-κB Pathways Contribute to the Protective Effect of Baicalein on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060976. [PMID: 34207230 PMCID: PMC8235740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the protective effect of baicalein on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Mice were orally administrated baicalein at 25 and 100 mg/kg/day for 7 consecutive days or ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) at 10 mg/kg was i.p. injected in mice at 2 and 24 h prior to CCl4 injection or the vehicle. Our results showed that baicalein or Fer-1 supplementation significantly attenuated CCl4 exposure-induced elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde levels in the liver tissues and unregulated glutathione levels. Baicalein treatment inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, activated the erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway in liver tissues, and markedly improved CCl4-induced apoptosis, inflammation and ferroptosis in liver tissues exposed with CCl4. In vitro, baicalein treatment improved CCl4 -induced decreases of cell viabilities and knockdown of Nrf2 and arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) genes partly abolished the protective effect of baicalein on CCl4 -induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our results reveal that baicalein supplementation ameliorates CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice by upregulating the antioxidant defense pathways and downregulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and ferroptosis, which involved the activation of Nrf2 pathway and the inhibition of ALOX12 and NF-κB pathways.
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18
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Zahmatkesh E, Ghanian MH, Zarkesh I, Farzaneh Z, Halvaei M, Heydari Z, Moeinvaziri F, Othman A, Ruoß M, Piryaei A, Gramignoli R, Yakhkeshi S, Nüssler A, Najimi M, Baharvand H, Vosough M. Tissue-Specific Microparticles Improve Organoid Microenvironment for Efficient Maturation of Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Hepatocytes. Cells 2021; 10:1274. [PMID: 34063948 PMCID: PMC8224093 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver organoids (LOs) are receiving considerable attention for their potential use in drug screening, disease modeling, and transplantable constructs. Hepatocytes, as the key component of LOs, are isolated from the liver or differentiated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). PSC-derived hepatocytes are preferable because of their availability and scalability. However, efficient maturation of the PSC-derived hepatocytes towards functional units in LOs remains a challenging subject. The incorporation of cell-sized microparticles (MPs) derived from liver extracellular matrix (ECM), could provide an enriched tissue-specific microenvironment for further maturation of hepatocytes inside the LOs. In the present study, the MPs were fabricated by chemical cross-linking of a water-in-oil dispersion of digested decellularized sheep liver. These MPs were mixed with human PSC-derived hepatic endoderm, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells to produce homogenous bioengineered LOs (BLOs). This approach led to the improvement of hepatocyte-like cells in terms of gene expression and function, CYP activities, albumin secretion, and metabolism of xenobiotics. The intraperitoneal transplantation of BLOs in an acute liver injury mouse model led to an enhancement in survival rate. Furthermore, efficient hepatic maturation was demonstrated after ex ovo transplantation. In conclusion, the incorporation of cell-sized tissue-specific MPs in BLOs improved the maturation of human PSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells compared to LOs. This approach provides a versatile strategy to produce functional organoids from different tissues and offers a novel tool for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghanian
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (M.H.G.); (I.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Ibrahim Zarkesh
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (M.H.G.); (I.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Majid Halvaei
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (M.H.G.); (I.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Zahra Heydari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Farideh Moeinvaziri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Amnah Othman
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.O.); (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Marc Ruoß
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.O.); (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Saeed Yakhkeshi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Andreas Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.O.); (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
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19
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Karhadkar TR, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Serum Amyloid P inhibits single stranded RNA-induced lung inflammation, lung damage, and cytokine storm in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245924. [PMID: 33481950 PMCID: PMC7822324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a single stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus and contains GU-rich sequences distributed abundantly in the genome. In COVID-19, the infection and immune hyperactivation causes accumulation of inflammatory immune cells, blood clots, and protein aggregates in lung fluid, increased lung alveolar wall thickness, and upregulation of serum cytokine levels. A serum protein called serum amyloid P (SAP) has a calming effect on the innate immune system and shows efficacy as a therapeutic for fibrosis in animal models and clinical trials. Here we show that aspiration of the GU-rich ssRNA oligonucleotide ORN06 into mouse lungs induces all of the above COVID-19-like symptoms. Men tend to have more severe COVID-19 symptoms than women, and in the aspirated ORN06 model, male mice tended to have more severe symptoms than female mice. Intraperitoneal injections of SAP starting from day 1 post ORN06 aspiration attenuated the ORN06-induced increase in the number of inflammatory cells and formation of clot-like aggregates in the mouse lung fluid, reduced ORN06-increased alveolar wall thickness and accumulation of exudates in the alveolar airspace, and attenuated an ORN06-induced upregulation of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23, and IL-27 in serum. SAP also reduced D-dimer levels in the lung fluid. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, SAP attenuated ORN06-induced extracellular accumulation of IL-6. Together, these results suggest that aspiration of ORN06 is a simple model for both COVID-19 as well as cytokine storm in general, and that SAP is a potential therapeutic for diseases with COVID-19-like symptoms and/or a cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas R. Karhadkar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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20
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Karhadkar TR, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Serum Amyloid P inhibits single stranded RNA-induced lung inflammation, lung damage, and cytokine storm in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32869032 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.26.269183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a single stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus and contains GU-rich sequences distributed abundantly in the genome. In COVID-19, the infection and immune hyperactivation causes accumulation of inflammatory immune cells, blood clots, and protein aggregates in lung fluid, increased lung alveolar wall thickness, and upregulation of serum cytokine levels. A serum protein called serum amyloid P (SAP) has a calming effect on the innate immune system and shows efficacy as a therapeutic for fibrosis in animal models and clinical trials. In this report, we show that aspiration of the GU-rich ssRNA oligonucleotide ORN06 into mouse lungs induces all of the above COVID-19-like symptoms. Men tend to have more severe COVID-19 symptoms than women, and in the aspirated ORN06 model, male mice tended to have more severe symptoms than female mice. Intraperitoneal injections of SAP starting from day 1 post ORN06 aspiration attenuated the ORN06-induced increase in the number of inflammatory cells and formation of clot-like aggregates in the mouse lung fluid, reduced ORN06-increased alveolar wall thickness and accumulation of exudates in the alveolar airspace, and attenuated an ORN06-induced upregulation of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23, and IL-27 in serum. Together, these results suggest that aspiration of ORN06 is a simple model for both COVID-19 as well as cytokine storm in general, and that SAP is a potential therapeutic for diseases with COVID-19-like symptoms as well as diseases that generate a cytokine storm.
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21
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Li C, Liu Y, Dong Z, Xu M, Gao M, Cong M, Liu S. TCDD promotes liver fibrosis through disordering systemic and hepatic iron homeostasis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 395:122588. [PMID: 32325343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a toxic environmental pollutant which can cause severe health problems, such as fibrosis. However, the toxic effects and related mechanism of TCDD on the liver remain largely unknown. In this study, we established a liver fibrosis mouse model upon exposure of TCDD, as evidenced by increased collagen I, tumor growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Masson staining. Meanwhile, there was also a significant increase of inflammatory factors and TUNEL-positive hepatocytes in liver, indicating that liver inflammation and hepatic cell apoptosis occurred. In addition, increased serum and liver iron were concomitant with liver injury induced by TCDD. We further investigated the mechanism underlying TCDD-induced hepatocyte apoptosis through apoptosis polymerase chain reaction array, and found that a crucial apoptosis-related gene, cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector b (Cideb), was significantly increased in primary hepatocytes from TCDD-exposed mice, and accompanied by liver iron deposition in hepcidin knockout mice. Therefore, Cideb depletion could effectively attenuated TCDD or iron induced cell death related genes expression. In conclusion, our results showed that iron-induced Cideb expression played a critical role in promoting TCDD-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and liver fibrosis, which provide a novel mechanism for understanding TCDD-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Min Cong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Chen W, Yan X, Yang A, Xu A, Huang T, You H. miRNA-150-5p promotes hepatic stellate cell proliferation and sensitizes hepatocyte apoptosis during liver fibrosis. Epigenomics 2019; 12:53-67. [PMID: 31833387 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the role of miRNA-150-5p (miR-150-5p) in liver fibrosis. Materials & methods: miRNA expression profiles, CCl4-induced liver fibrosis progression and regression rodent models, quantitative real-time PCR, miR-150-5p mimics and inhibitors, cell proliferation and apoptosis detection, RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were employed. Results: Liver tissue miR-150-5p expression was positively associated with liver fibrosis progression and regression; however, miR-150-5p exhibited a cell-specific expression pattern, namely, it was enhanced in hepatocytes but reduced in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) during liver fibrosis; miR-150-5p overexpression promoted HSC apoptosis and sensitized hepatocyte apoptosis; miR-150-5p mimic had a larger influence on the transcriptomic stability of HSCs than that of hepatocytes; miR-150-5p mediated activation of interferon signaling pathways might be responsible for HSC apoptosis. Conclusion: miR-150-5p exhibited an opposite regulation and function pattern between HSCs and hepatocytes during liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Experimental & Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction & Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuzhen Yan
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, PR China
| | - Aiting Yang
- Experimental & Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction & Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Anjian Xu
- Experimental & Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction & Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- Experimental & Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction & Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hong You
- Experimental & Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction & Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, PR China
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23
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Hempel F, Roderfeld M, Savai R, Sydykov A, Irungbam K, Schermuly R, Voswinckel R, Köhler K, Churin Y, Kiss L, Bier J, Pons-Kühnemann J, Roeb E. Depletion of Bone Marrow-Derived Fibrocytes Attenuates TAA-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101210. [PMID: 31591328 PMCID: PMC6829877 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived fibrocytes (FC) represent a unique cell type, sharing features of both mesenchymal and hematopoietic cells. FC were shown to specifically infiltrate the injured liver and participate in fibrogenesis. Moreover, FC exert a variety of paracrine functions, thus possibly influencing the disease progression. However, the overall contribution of FC to liver fibrosis remains unclear. We aimed to study the effect of a specific FC depletion, utilizing a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK)/Valganciclovir suicide gene strategy. Fibrosis was induced by oral thioacetamide (TAA) administration in C57BL/6J mice. Hepatic hydroxyproline content was assessed for the primary readout. The HSV-TK model enabled the specific depletion of fibrocytes. Hepatic hydroxyproline content was significantly reduced as a result of the fibrocyte ablation (−7.8%; 95% CI: 0.7–14.8%; p = 0.033), denoting a reduced deposition of fibrillar collagens. Lower serum alanine transaminase levels (−20.9%; 95% CI: 0.4–36.9%; p = 0.049) indicate a mitigation of liver-specific cellular damage. A detailed mode of action, however, remains yet to be identified. The present study demonstrates a relevant functional contribution of fibrocytes to chronic toxic liver fibrosis, contradicting recent reports. Our results emphasize the need to thoroughly study the biology of fibrocytes in order to understand their importance for hepatic fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hempel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Karuna Irungbam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Ralph Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Robert Voswinckel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerhospital, D-61169 Friedberg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hochwaldkrankenhaus, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Kernt Köhler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Yury Churin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Ladislau Kiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Jens Bier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Jörn Pons-Kühnemann
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Jin SJ, Liu C, Wang R, Guo KP, Huang YN, Li PX, Ma YC, Xu ST, Ding CH, Zhou JJ, Chen FS. Disodium Guanylate Alleviates Acute Hepatic Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride Via Antioxidative Stress and Antiapoptosis In Vivo and In Vitro. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2658-2665. [PMID: 31441515 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic injury is one of the most common digestive system diseases worldwide in clinic. Guanylic acid or guanosine monophosphate (GMP) was an important component of nucleotides, which is mainly in the form of sodium salt (disodium guanylate, GMP-Na2 ). However, its effect on hepatic injury has not yet been investigated. This study is to investigate the protective effects of GMP-Na2 on acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ), and to explore its mechanism. The hepatic injury models of mice and HL-7702 cells were induced by CCl4 . The alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were determined by biochemical method. Hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to determine the morphological changes on liver tissue in mice. The mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Our results show that GMP-Na2 treatment significantly decreased the activities of ALT and AST, and the levels of MDA as well as increased the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC. Importantly, GMP-Na2 effectively enhanced the antiapoptosis function by upregulating Bcl-2 expression and downregulating caspase-3 and Bax expressions in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the histopathological changes of liver tissue were obviously improved after GMP-Na2 treatment. These findings suggest that GMP-Na2 has protective effects on hepatic injury, and its mechanisms may be associated with antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ju Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.,Henan Nanjiecun (Group) Co., Ltd., Linying, Henan, 462600, China.,Luohe Medical College and Tumor Occurrence and Prevention Research Innovation Team of Henan, Luohe, Henan, 462002, China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical Univ., Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Kun-Peng Guo
- Luohe Medical College and Tumor Occurrence and Prevention Research Innovation Team of Henan, Luohe, Henan, 462002, China
| | - Ya-Nan Huang
- Henan Nanjiecun (Group) Co., Ltd., Linying, Henan, 462600, China
| | - Pan-Xin Li
- Henan Nanjiecun (Group) Co., Ltd., Linying, Henan, 462600, China
| | - Yong-Chao Ma
- Henan Nanjiecun (Group) Co., Ltd., Linying, Henan, 462600, China.,Luohe Medical College and Tumor Occurrence and Prevention Research Innovation Team of Henan, Luohe, Henan, 462002, China
| | - Song-Tao Xu
- Luohe Medical College and Tumor Occurrence and Prevention Research Innovation Team of Henan, Luohe, Henan, 462002, China
| | - Chang-He Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jun-Jun Zhou
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical Univ., Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Univ. of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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Czekaj P, Król M, Limanówka Ł, Michalik M, Lorek K, Gramignoli R. Assessment of animal experimental models of toxic liver injury in the context of their potential application as preclinical models for cell therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172597. [PMID: 31408648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical animal models allow to study development and progression of several diseases, including liver disorders. These studies, for ethical reasons and medical limits, are impossible to carry out in human patients. At the same time, such experimental models constitute an important source of knowledge on pathomechanisms for drug- and virus-induced hepatotoxicity, both acute and chronic. Carbon tetrachloride, D-Galactosamine, and retrorsine are xenobiotics that can be used in immunocompetent animal models of hepatotoxicity, where chemical-intoxicated livers present histological features representative of human viruses-related infection. A prolonged derangement into liver architecture and functions commonly lead to cirrhosis, eventually resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma. In human, orthotopic liver transplantation commonly resolve most the problems related to cirrhosis. However, the shortage of donors does not allow all the patients in the waiting list to receive an organ on time. A promising alternative treatment for acute and chronic liver disease has been advised in liver cell transplantation, but the limited availability of hepatocytes for clinical approaches, in addition to the immunosuppressant regiment required to sustain cellular long-term engraftment have been encouraging the use of alternative cell sources. A recent effective source of stem cells have been recently identified in the human amnion membrane. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC) have been preclinically tested and proven sufficient to rescue immunocompetent rodents lethally intoxicated with drugs. The adoption of therapeutic procedures based on hAEC transplant in immunocompetent recipients affected by liver diseases, as well as patients with immune-related disorders, may constitute a successful new alternative therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Król
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Limanówka
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Michalik
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lorek
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 14152, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Yi Guan Jian, a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine, Alleviates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9824728. [PMID: 30891081 PMCID: PMC6390237 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9824728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the protective effect of Yi Guan Jian (YGJ) on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. Methods 50 ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) group, CCl4 + silymarin Group (200 mg/kg), carbon CCl4 + YGJ Group (11.5, 23 g/kg). Except the mice in the control group and the CCl4 group that were given the same volume of distilled water, the mice in other groups were given the drugs for seven days. 2 hours after the last administration, except the mice in the control group, the mice in other groups had intraperitoneal injection of 0.1% CCl4 vegetable oil solution (10 ml/kg). Mice in control group had intraperitoneal injection of the same volume of vegetable oil. After 18h, the blood and liver were collected. The liver of mice was stained with HE staining, the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminas (AST) in serum were detected, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin (IL-6, Il-1β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in serum and liver were detected, and the Western blot was used to detect the levels of MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Results YGJ significantly decreased the levels of ALT and AST. The contents of MDA, IL-6, Il-1β, and TNF-α in serum and liver were significantly decreased and the contents of SOD in serum and liver were significantly decreased by YGJ, which significantly improved the pathological changes of liver tissue in mice. The levels of MAPK/NF-κB pathway were significantly decreased by YGJ. Conclusion YGJ has protective effect on CCl4 induced liver injury in mice, which may be related to the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Mack M. Inflammation and fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:106-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Peng X, Dai C, Liu Q, Li J, Qiu J. Curcumin Attenuates on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice via Modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 and TGF-β1/Smad3 Pathway. Molecules 2018; 23:E215. [PMID: 29351226 PMCID: PMC6017508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced acute liver injury in a mouse model, and to explain the underlying mechanism. Curcumin at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day were administered orally once daily for seven days prior to CCl₄ exposure. At 24 h, curcumin-attenuated CCl₄ induced elevated serum transaminase activities and histopathological damage in the mouse's liver. Curcumin pre-treatment at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly ameliorated CCl₄-induced oxidative stress, characterized by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formations, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) content, followed by a decrease in caspase-9 and -3 activities. Curcumin pre-treatment significantly decreased CCl₄-induced inflammation. Furthermore, curcumin pre-treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 mRNAs (both p < 0.01), and up-regulated the expression of nuclear-factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and HO-1 mRNA (both p < 0.01) in the liver. Inhibition of HO-1 attenuated the protective effect of curcumin on CCl₄-induced acute liver injury. Given these outcomes, curcumin could protect against CCl₄-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation, which may partly involve the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Peng
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Chongshan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Quanwen Liu
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Junke Li
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Jingru Qiu
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai 264025, China.
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