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Vitale R, Marzocco S, Popolo A. Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Brief Account. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7477. [PMID: 39000584 PMCID: PMC11242665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is the main side effect of several chemotherapeutic drugs. Doxorubicin (Doxo) is one of the most used anthracyclines in the treatment of many tumors, but the development of acute and chronic cardiotoxicity limits its clinical usefulness. Different studies focused only on the effects of long-term Doxo administration, but recent data show that cardiomyocyte damage is an early event induced by Doxo after a single administration that can be followed by progressive functional decline, leading to overt heart failure. The knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in the early stage of Doxo-induced cardiotoxicity is of paramount importance to treating and/or preventing it. This review aims to illustrate several mechanisms thought to underlie Doxo-induced cardiotoxicity, such as oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, here we report data from both in vitro and in vivo studies indicating new therapeutic strategies to prevent Doxo-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ada Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (R.V.); (S.M.)
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2
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Natesh J, Mondal P, Penta D, Mukhlis Y, Haware DJ, Meeran SM. Protective effect of diindolylmethane-enriched dietary cabbage against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:874-891. [PMID: 38327044 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy with doxorubicin (Dox) can lead to cardiotoxic effects, presenting a major complication in cancer therapy. Diindolylmethane (DIM), derived from cruciferous vegetables like cabbage, exhibits numerous health benefits. However, its clinical application is limited because of low bioavailability and suboptimal natural concentrations in dietary sources. To address this limitation, we developed a processing methodology, specifically fermentation and boiling, to enhance DIM levels in cabbage. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed a threefold DIM increase in fermented cabbage and a substantial ninefold increase in fermented-boiled cabbage compared to raw cabbage. To evaluate the clinical implications, we formulated a DIM-enriched diet and administered it to mice undergoing Dox treatment. Our in vivo results revealed that Dox treatment led to cardiotoxicity, manifested by changes in body and heart weight, increased mortality, and severe myocardial tissue degeneration. Dietary administration of the DIM-enriched diet enhanced antioxidant defenses and inhibited apoptosis in the cardiac tissue by interfering with mitoptosis and increasing antioxidant enzyme expression. Interestingly, we found that the DIM-enriched diet inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-kB in cardiac tissue, thereby downregulating the expression of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6. Further, the DIM-enriched diet significantly reduced serum cardiac injury markers elevated by Dox treatment. These results suggest that the DIM-enriched cabbage diet can serve as a complementary dietary intervention for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further, our research highlights the role of plant-based diets in reducing treatment side effects and improving the quality of life for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priya Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dhanamjai Penta
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Yahya Mukhlis
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Devendra Jaganath Haware
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Food Safety & Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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3
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Yan T, Yu H, Li T, Dong Y. Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Toxicities Induced by Cancer Therapies and Promising Biomarkers for Their Prediction: A Scoping Review. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:605-638. [PMID: 38242833 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM With the advancement of anti-cancer medicine, cardiovascular toxicities due to cancer therapies are common in oncology patients, resulting in increased mortality and economic burden. Cardiovascular toxicities caused by cancer therapies include different severities of cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, myocardial ischaemia, hypertension, and thrombosis, which may lead to left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. This scoping review aimed to summarise the mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicities following various anti-cancer treatments and potential predictive biomarkers for early detection. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for original studies written in English related to the mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity induced by anti-cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and relevant biomarkers. The search and title/abstract screening were conducted independently by two reviewers, and the final analysed full texts achieved the consensus of the two reviewers. RESULTS A total of 240 studies were identified based on their titles and abstracts. In total, 107 full-text articles were included in the analysis. Cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell apoptosis caused by oxidative stress injury, activation of cell apoptosis, blocking of normal cardiovascular protection signalling pathways, overactivation of immune cells, and myocardial remodelling were the main mechanisms. Promising biomarkers for anti-cancer therapies related to cardiovascular toxicity included placental growth factor, microRNAs, galectin-3, and myeloperoxidase for the early detection of cardiovascular toxicity. CONCLUSION Understanding the mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity following various anti-cancer treatments could provide implications for future personalised treatment methods to protect cardiovascular function. Furthermore, specific early sensitive and stable biomarkers of cardiovascular system damage need to be identified to predict reversible damage to the cardiovascular system and improve the effects of anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Nursing Department, Liaocheng Vocational and Technical College, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tai Li
- Nursing Department, Liaocheng Vocational and Technical College, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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4
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Todorova VK, Bauer MA, Azhar G, Wei JY. RNA sequencing of formalin fixed paraffin-embedded heart tissue provides transcriptomic information about chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155309. [PMID: 38678848 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Gene expression of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue may serve for molecular studies on cardiovascular diseases. Chemotherapeutics, such as doxorubicin (DOX) may cause heart injury, but the mechanisms of these side effects of DOX are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate whether DOX-induced gene expression in archival FFPE heart tissue in experimental rats would correlate with the gene expression in fresh-frozen heart tissue by applying RNA sequencing technology. The results showed RNA from FFPE samples was degraded, resulting in a lower number of uniquely mapped reads. However, DOX-induced differentially expressed genes in FFPE were related to molecular mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, such as inflammation, calcium binding, endothelial dysfunction, senescence, and cardiac hypertrophy signaling. Our data suggest that, despite the limitations, RNA sequencing of archival FFPE heart tissue supports utilizing FFPE tissues from retrospective studies on cardiovascular disorders, including DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina K Todorova
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Michael A Bauer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Gohar Azhar
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeanne Y Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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5
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Zhang T, Luo L, He Q, Xiao S, Li Y, Chen J, Qin T, Xiao Z, Ge Q. Research advances on molecular mechanism and natural product therapy of iron metabolism in heart failure. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:253. [PMID: 38659000 PMCID: PMC11044586 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The progression of heart failure (HF) is complex and involves multiple regulatory pathways. Iron ions play a crucial supportive role as a cofactor for important proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, oxidative respiratory chain, and DNA synthetase, in the myocardial energy metabolism process. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that HF is associated with iron dysmetabolism, and deficiencies in iron and overload of iron can both lead to the development of various myocarditis diseases, which ultimately progress to HF. Iron toxicity and iron metabolism may be key targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HF. Some iron chelators (such as desferrioxamine), antioxidants (such as ascorbate), Fer-1, and molecules that regulate iron levels (such as lactoferrin) have been shown to be effective in treating HF and protecting the myocardium in multiple studies. Additionally, certain natural compounds can play a significant role by mediating the imbalance of iron-related signaling pathways and expression levels. Therefore, this review not only summarizes the basic processes of iron metabolism in the body and the mechanisms by which they play a role in HF, with the aim of providing new clues and considerations for the treatment of HF, but also summarizes recent studies on natural chemical components that involve ferroptosis and its role in HF pathology, as well as the mechanisms by which naturally occurring products regulate ferroptosis in HF, with the aim of providing reference information for the development of new ferroptosis inhibitors and lead compounds for the treatment of HF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Qi He
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang City, China
| | - Sijie Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Junpeng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenni Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Qingliang Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.
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6
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Lucaciu SA, Leighton SE, Hauser A, Yee R, Laird DW. Diversity in connexin biology. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105263. [PMID: 37734551 PMCID: PMC10598745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 35 years ago the cell biology community was introduced to connexins as the subunit employed to assemble semicrystalline clusters of intercellular channels that had been well described morphologically as gap junctions. The decade that followed would see knowledge of the unexpectedly large 21-member human connexin family grow to reflect unique and overlapping expression patterns in all organ systems. While connexin biology initially focused on their role in constructing highly regulated intercellular channels, this was destined to change as discoveries revealed that connexin hemichannels at the cell surface had novel roles in many cell types, especially when considering connexin pathologies. Acceptance of connexins as having bifunctional channel properties was initially met with some resistance, which has given way in recent years to the premise that connexins have multifunctional properties. Depending on the connexin isoform and cell of origin, connexins have wide-ranging half-lives that vary from a couple of hours to the life expectancy of the cell. Diversity in connexin channel characteristics and molecular properties were further revealed by X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-EM. New avenues have seen connexins or connexin fragments playing roles in cell adhesion, tunneling nanotubes, extracellular vesicles, mitochondrial membranes, transcription regulation, and in other emerging cellular functions. These discoveries were largely linked to Cx43, which is prominent in most human organs. Here, we will review the evolution of knowledge on connexin expression in human adults and more recent evidence linking connexins to a highly diverse array of cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu A Lucaciu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Leighton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Hauser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Yee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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An L, Gao H, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Cao Y, Yi J, Huang X, Wen C, Tong R, Pan Z, Yan X, Liu M, Wang S, Bai X, Wu H, Hu T. Molecular chaperones HSP40, HSP70, STIP1, and HSP90 are involved in stabilization of Cx43. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:207-217. [PMID: 37187948 PMCID: PMC10167082 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-023-00570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the involvement of stress induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), heat shock protein (HSP) 70, and HSP90 in ubiquitination of connexin 43 (Cx43) in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to detect protein-protein interactions and Cx43 ubiquitination. Immunofluorescence was used for protein co-localization. The protein binding, Cx43 protein expression, and Cx43 ubiquitination were reanalyzed in H9c2 cells with modified STIP1 and/or HSP90 expression. STIP1 bound to HSP70 and HSP90, and Cx43 bound to HSP40, HSP70, and HSP90 in normal H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of STIP1 promoted the transition of Cx43-HSP70 to Cx43-HSP90 and inhibited Cx43 ubiquitination; knockdown of STIP1 resulted in the opposite effects. Inhibition of HSP90 counteracted the inhibitory effect of STIP1 overexpression on Cx43 ubiquitination. STIP1 suppresses Cx43 ubiquitination in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by promoting the transition of Cx43-HSP70 to Cx43-HSP90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi St, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi St, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi St, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guiyang Fourth People’s Hospital, Guiyang, 550002 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
- Guiyang Second People’s Hospital, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 28 Guiyi St, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Huang
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Wen
- Children’s Hospital of Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Tong
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengzhao Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingju Hu
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
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8
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Podyacheva E, Danilchuk M, Toropova Y. Molecular mechanisms of endothelial remodeling under doxorubicin treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114576. [PMID: 36989721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective antineoplastic agent used to treat various types of cancers. However, its use is limited by the development of cardiotoxicity, which may result in heart failure. The exact mechanisms underlying DOX-induced cardiotoxicity are not fully understood, but recent studies have shown that endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and endothelial damage play a crucial role in this process. EndMT is a biological process in which endothelial cells lose their characteristics and transform into mesenchymal cells, which have a fibroblast-like phenotype. This process has been shown to contribute to tissue fibrosis and remodeling in various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has been demonstrated to increase the expression of EndMT markers, suggesting that EndMT may play a critical role in the development of this condition. Furthermore, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has been shown to cause endothelial damage, leading to the disruption of the endothelial barrier function and increased vascular permeability. This can result in the leakage of plasma proteins, leading to tissue edema and inflammation. Moreover, DOX can impair the production of nitric oxide, endothelin-1, neuregulin, thrombomodulin, thromboxane B2 etc. by endothelial cells, leading to vasoconstriction, thrombosis and further impairing cardiac function. In this regard, this review is devoted to the generalization and structuring of information about the known molecular mechanisms of endothelial remodeling under the action of DOX.
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Pecoraro M, Marzocco S, Belvedere R, Petrella A, Franceschelli S, Popolo A. Simvastatin Reduces Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Effects beyond Its Antioxidant Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087573. [PMID: 37108737 PMCID: PMC10141713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate if Simvastatin can reduce, and/or prevent, Doxorubicin (Doxo)-induced cardiotoxicity. H9c2 cells were treated with Simvastatin (10 µM) for 4 h and then Doxo (1 µM) was added, and the effects on oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis were evaluated after 20 h. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of Simvastatin and Doxo co-treatment on Connexin 43 (Cx43) expression and localization, since this transmembrane protein forming gap junctions is widely involved in cardioprotection. Cytofluorimetric analysis showed that Simvastatin co-treatment significantly reduced Doxo-induced cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS overproduction, apoptosis, and cytochrome c release. Spectrofluorimetric analysis performed by means of Fura2 showed that Simvastatin co-treatment reduced calcium levels stored in mitochondria and restored cytosolic calcium storage. Western blot, immunofluorescence, and cytofluorimetric analyses showed that Simvastatin co-treatment significantly reduced Doxo-induced mitochondrial Cx43 over-expression and significantly increased the membrane levels of Cx43 phosphorylated on Ser368. We hypothesized that the reduced expression of mitochondrial Cx43 could justify the reduced levels of calcium stored in mitochondria and the consequent induction of apoptosis observed in Simvastatin co-treated cells. Moreover, the increased membrane levels of Cx43 phosphorylated on Ser368, which is responsible for the closed conformational state of the gap junction, let us to hypothesize that Simvastatin leads to cell-to-cell communication interruption to block the propagation of Doxo-induced harmful stimuli. Based on these results, we can conclude that Simvastatin could be a good adjuvant in Doxo anticancer therapy. Indeed, we confirmed its antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity, and, above all, we highlighted that Simvastatin interferes with expression and cellular localization of Cx43 that is widely involved in cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pecoraro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | | | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | | | - Ada Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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10
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Ponzetti M, Rucci N, Falone S. RNA methylation and cellular response to oxidative stress-promoting anticancer agents. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:870-905. [PMID: 36648057 PMCID: PMC10054233 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2165632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the complex network that regulates redox homeostasis often underlies resistant phenotypes, which hinder effective and long-lasting cancer eradication. In addition, the RNA methylome-dependent control of gene expression also critically affects traits of cellular resistance to anti-cancer agents. However, few investigations aimed at establishing whether the epitranscriptome-directed adaptations underlying acquired and/or innate resistance traits in cancer could be implemented through the involvement of redox-dependent or -responsive signaling pathways. This is unexpected mainly because: i) the effectiveness of many anti-cancer approaches relies on their capacity to promote oxidative stress (OS); ii) altered redox milieu and reprogramming of mitochondrial function have been acknowledged as critical mediators of the RNA methylome-mediated response to OS. Here we summarize the current state of understanding on this topic, as well as we offer new perspectives that might lead to original approaches and strategies to delay or prevent the problem of refractory cancer and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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11
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Shi S, Chen Y, Luo Z, Nie G, Dai Y. Role of oxidative stress and inflammation-related signaling pathways in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:61. [PMID: 36918950 PMCID: PMC10012797 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful and commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, used alone or in combination in a variety of cancers, while it has been found to cause serious cardiac side effects in clinical application. More and more researchers are trying to explore the molecular mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC), in which oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to play a significant role. This review summarizes signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation in DIC and compounds that exert cardioprotective effects by acting on relevant signaling pathways, including the role of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE, Sirt1/p66Shc, Sirt1/PPAR/PGC-1α signaling pathways and NOS, NOX, Fe2+ signaling in oxidative stress, as well as the role of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD, HMGB1/TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB, mTOR/TFEB/NF-κB pathways in DOX-induced inflammation. Hence, we attempt to explain the mechanisms of DIC in terms of oxidative stress and inflammation, and to provide a theoretical basis or new idea for further drug research on reducing DIC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixian Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhijian Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guojun Nie
- The First Outpatient Department of People's Liberation Army Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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12
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Santo SGE, da Silva TC, Vinken M, Cogliati B, Barbisan LF, Romualdo GR. The Implications of Connexin 43 Deficiency during the Early Stages of Chemically Induced Mouse Colon Carcinogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122368. [PMID: 36552579 PMCID: PMC9774636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), associated with an increased intake of processed red meats, saturated fats, and simple carbohydrates accompanied by low dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables consumption, presents a high epidemiological burden. Connexin43 (Cx43) protein, which forms gap junctions or hemichannels, has tumor suppressor or oncogenic activities in a cancer type- and stage-dependent manner. Cx43 expression varies during colon carcinogenesis, and its functional role is not fully understood. Thus, we evaluated the implications of Cx43 heterologous deletion (Cx43+/-) during the early stages of a chemically induced model of colon carcinogenesis. Female C57BL/6J mice (wild-type or Cx43+/-) were submitted to a colon carcinogenesis model induced by 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Mice were euthanized eight hours (week 7) or 30 weeks (week 37) after the last DMH administration to evaluate subacute colon toxicity outcomes or the burden of (pre)neoplastic lesions, respectively. At week 7, Cx43 deficiency inferred no alterations in the DMH-induced increase in systemic (peripheral blood), in situ (colonocytes) DNA damage, and apoptosis in the colonocytes. At week 30, Cx43+/- mice presented an increase in preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) multiplicity, while no alterations were observed in colorectal adenoma (CRA) occurrence, multiplicity, volume, proliferation, growth, and β-catenin immunoexpression. Similarly, an in silico analysis of human CRA showed decreased mRNA expression of Cx43 with no correlation with proliferation, apoptosis, and β-catenin markers. These findings indicate the discrete role of Cx43 in the early stages of chemically induced mouse colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gomes Espírito Santo
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tereza Cristina da Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-1438800469
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Podyacheva E, Toropova Y. SIRT1 activation and its effect on intercalated disc proteins as a way to reduce doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1035387. [PMID: 36408244 PMCID: PMC9672938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the neoplasm is one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality worldwide. At the same time, application of cytostatic drugs like an independent type of cancer treatment and in combination with surgical methods, is often associated with the development of cardiovascular complications both in the early and in the delayed period of treatment. Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most commonly used cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic. DOX can cause both acute and delayed side effects. The problem is still not solved, as evidenced by the continued activity of researchers in terms of developing approaches for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications. It is known, the heart muscle consists of cardiomyocytes connected by intercalated discs (ID), which ensure the structural, electrical, metabolic unity of the heart. Various defects in the ID proteins can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases of various etiologies, including DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. The search for ways to influence the functioning of ID proteins of the cardiac muscle can become the basis for the creation of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment and prevention of cardiac pathologies. SIRT1 may be an interesting cardioprotective variant due to its wide functional significance. SIRT1 activation triggers nuclear transcription programs that increase the efficiency of cellular, mitochondrial metabolism, increases resistance to oxidative stress, and promotes cell survival. It can be assumed that SIRT1 can not only provide a protective effect at the cardiomyocytes level, leading to an improvement in mitochondrial and metabolic functions, reducing the effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, but also have a protective effect on the functioning of IDs structures of the cardiac muscle.
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14
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Boengler K, Leybaert L, Ruiz-Meana M, Schulz R. Connexin 43 in Mitochondria: What Do We Really Know About Its Function? Front Physiol 2022; 13:928934. [PMID: 35860665 PMCID: PMC9289461 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.928934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexins are known for their ability to mediate cell-cell communication via gap junctions and also form hemichannels that pass ions and molecules over the plasma membrane when open. Connexins have also been detected within mitochondria, with mitochondrial connexin 43 (Cx43) being the best studied to date. In this review, we discuss evidence for Cx43 presence in mitochondria of cell lines, primary cells and organs and summarize data on its localization, import and phosphorylation status. We further highlight the influence of Cx43 on mitochondrial function in terms of respiration, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and formation of reactive oxygen species, and also address the presence of a truncated form of Cx43 termed Gja1-20k. Finally, the role of mitochondrial Cx43 in pathological conditions, particularly in the heart, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences—Physiology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rainer Schulz,
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15
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Pecoraro M, Marzocco S, Franceschelli S, Popolo A. Trastuzumab and Doxorubicin Sequential Administration Increases Oxidative Stress and Phosphorylation of Connexin 43 on Ser368. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126375. [PMID: 35742818 PMCID: PMC9224207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is overexpressed in up to 30% of breast cancer cases, causing a more aggressive tumour growth and poor prognosis. Trastuzumab, the humanized antibody targeted to HER2, increased the life expectancy of patients, but severe cardiotoxicity emerged as a long-term adverse effect. Clinical evidence highlights that Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity drastically increases in association with Doxorubicin; however, the exact mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. In order to analyse the molecular mechanisms involved and the possible adaptative responses to Trastuzumab and Doxorubicin treatment, in this study, H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were used. Results showed that Trastuzumab and Doxorubicin sequential administration in cardiomyoblast increased cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS production, intracellular calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and the consequent apoptosis, induced by both Trastuzumab and Doxorubicin alone. Furthermore, in these conditions, we observed increased levels of Connexin43 phosphorylated on Ser368 (pCx43). Since phosphorylation on Ser368 decreases gap junction intracellular communication, thus reducing the spread of death signals to adjacent cells, we hypothesized that the increase in pCx43 could be an adaptative response implemented by cells to defend neighbouring cells by Trastuzumab and Doxorubicin sequential administration. However, the other side of the coin is the resulting conduction abnormalities.
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16
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Mitochondrial-Targeted Therapy for Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031912. [PMID: 35163838 PMCID: PMC8837080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, are effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, but their clinical use is associated with severe and potentially life-threatening cardiotoxicity. Despite decades of research, treatment options remain limited. The mitochondria is commonly considered to be the main target of doxorubicin and mitochondrial dysfunction is the hallmark of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we review the pathogenic mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and present an update on cardioprotective strategies for this disorder. Specifically, we focus on strategies that can protect the mitochondria and cover different therapeutic modalities encompassing small molecules, post-transcriptional regulators, and mitochondrial transfer. We also discuss the shortcomings of existing models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and explore advances in the use of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes as a platform to facilitate the identification of novel treatments against this disorder.
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Pecoraro M, Marzocco S, Popolo A. Diazoxide Needs Mitochondrial Connexin43 to Exert Its Cytoprotective Effect in a Cellular Model of CoCl 2-Induced Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111599. [PMID: 34769027 PMCID: PMC8583808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the leading cause of death in cardiomyocytes. Cells respond to oxygen deprivation by activating cytoprotective programs, such as mitochondrial connexin43 (mCx43) overexpression and the opening of mitochondrial KATP channels, aimed to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study we used an in vitro model of CoCl2-induced hypoxia to demonstrate that mCx43 and KATP channels cooperate to induce cytoprotection. CoCl2 administration induces apoptosis in H9c2 cells by increasing mitochondrial ROS production, intracellular and mitochondrial calcium overload and by inducing mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Diazoxide, an opener of KATP channels, reduces all these deleterious effects of CoCl2 only in the presence of mCx43. In fact, our results demonstrate that in the presence of radicicol, an inhibitor of Cx43 translocation to mitochondria, the cytoprotective effects of diazoxide disappear. In conclusion, these data confirm that there exists a close functional link between mCx43 and KATP channels.
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18
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Zhu J, Yi X, Ding H, Zhong L, Fang L. Integrated Transcriptomics and Reverse Pharmacophore Mapping-based Network Pharmacology to Explore the Mechanisms of Natural Compounds against Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1707-1721. [PMID: 34397328 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210816122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) has greatly limited the clinical benefits of this frontline drug in oncotherapy. Drug combination with natural compounds (NCs) that possess potency against DIC is considered as a promising intervention strategy. However, the mechanisms of action (MoAs) underlying such drug interactions remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to systematically pursuit of the molecular mechanisms of NCs against DIC. METHODS First, the gene expression signatures of DIC were characterized from transcriptomics datasets with doxorubicin-treated and untreated cardiomyocytes using differentially expressed gene identification, functional enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction network analysis. Secondly, reverse pharmacophore mapping-based network pharmacology was employed to illustrate the MoAs of 82 publicly reported NCs with anti-DIC potency. Cluster analysis based on their enriched pathways was performed to gain systematic insights into the anti-DIC mechanisms of the NCs. Finally, the typical compounds were validated using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the relevant gene expression profiles from a public gene expression database. RESULTS Based on their anti-DIC MoAs, the 82 NCs could be divided into four groups, which corresponded to ten MoA clusters. GSEA and literature evidence on these compounds were provided to validate the MoAs identified through this bioinformatics analysis. The results suggested that NCs exerted potency against DIC through both common and different MoAs. CONCLUSION This strategy integrating different types of bioinformatics approaches is expected to create new insights for elucidating the MoAs of NCs against DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhu
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiaojiao Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Haiying Ding
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Like Zhong
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Luo Fang
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
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19
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Zhang K, Guan QW, Zhou XY, Xia QX, Yin XX, Zhou HH, Mao XY. The mutual interplay of redox signaling and connexins. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:933-941. [PMID: 33928434 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) are ubiquitous transmembrane proteins that possess both channel function (e.g., formations of gap junction and hemichannel) and non-channel properties (e.g., gene transcription and protein-protein interaction). Several factors have been identified to play a role in the regulation of Cxs, which include those acting intracellularly, as redox potential, pH, intramolecular interactions, and post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation, S-nitrosylation) as well as those acting extracellularly, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+. The relationship between redox signaling and Cxs attracts considerable attention in recent years. There is ample evidence showing that redox signaling molecules (e.g., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO)) affect Cxs-based channel function while the opening of Cx channels also triggers the transfer of various redox-related metabolites (e.g., reactive oxygen species, glutathione, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and NO). On the basis of these evidences, we propose the existence of redox-Cxs crosstalk. In this review, we briefly discuss the interaction between redox signaling and Cxs and the implications of the intersection in disease pathology and future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Wen Guan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Lianyungang Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical College, Tongguan Road, 182, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Xuan Xia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Xi Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital and Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China. .,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Connexins in the Heart: Regulation, Function and Involvement in Cardiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094413. [PMID: 33922534 PMCID: PMC8122935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins are a family of transmembrane proteins that play a key role in cardiac physiology. Gap junctional channels put into contact the cytoplasms of connected cardiomyocytes, allowing the existence of electrical coupling. However, in addition to this fundamental role, connexins are also involved in cardiomyocyte death and survival. Thus, chemical coupling through gap junctions plays a key role in the spreading of injury between connected cells. Moreover, in addition to their involvement in cell-to-cell communication, mounting evidence indicates that connexins have additional gap junction-independent functions. Opening of unopposed hemichannels, located at the lateral surface of cardiomyocytes, may compromise cell homeostasis and may be involved in ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, connexins located at non-canonical cell structures, including mitochondria and the nucleus, have been demonstrated to be involved in cardioprotection and in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. In this review, we will provide, first, an overview on connexin biology, including their synthesis and degradation, their regulation and their interactions. Then, we will conduct an in-depth examination of the role of connexins in cardiac pathophysiology, including new findings regarding their involvement in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac fibrosis, gene transcription or signaling regulation.
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21
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Zhan C, Bai N, Zheng M, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Li J, Li G, Zhao H, Liu G, Lou Q, Yang W, Li T, Li L, Li W. Tranilast prevents doxorubicin-induced myocardial hypertrophy and angiotensin II synthesis in rats. Life Sci 2020; 267:118984. [PMID: 33383049 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An increase in oxidative stress is an important pathological mechanism of heart injury induced by doxorubicin (DOX). Tranilast is an anti-allergy drug that has been shown to possess good antioxidant activity in previous studies. The overexpression and secretion of chymase by mast cells (MCs) increase the pathological overexpression of angiotensin II (Ang II), which plays a crucial role in myocardial hypertrophy and the deterioration of heart disease. The MC stabilizer tranilast (N-(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid; tran) prevents mast cells from degranulating, which may reduce DOX-induced Ang II synthesis. Therefore, in the present study, we hypothesized that tranilast will protect rats from DOX-induced myocardial damage via its antioxidant activity, thereby inhibiting Ang II expression. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 10 in each group) that received DOX, a combination of DOX and tranilast or saline (the control group) to test this hypothesis. Tranilast suppressed chymase expression, reduced Ang II levels and prevented the myocardial hypertrophy and the deterioration of heart function induced by DOX. Based on the findings of the present study, the suppression of chymase-dependent Ang-II production and the direct effect of tranilast on the inhibition of apoptosis and fibrosis because of its antioxidant stress capacity may contribute to the protective effect of tranilast against DOX-induced myocardial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchuang Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Nan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Digestion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Yuanqi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guangnan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110015, China
| | - Guangzhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qi Lou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tiankai Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Luyifei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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