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Kang NY, Lee JY, Lee SH, Song IH, Hwang YH, Kim MJ, Phue WH, Agrawalla BK, Wan SYD, Lalic J, Park SJ, Kim JJ, Kwon HY, Im SH, Bae MA, Ahn JH, Lim CS, Teo AKK, Park S, Kim SE, Lee BC, Lee DY, Chang YT. Multimodal Imaging Probe Development for Pancreatic β Cells: From Fluorescence to PET. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3430-3439. [PMID: 32040300 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are responsible for insulin secretion and are important for glucose regulation in a healthy body and diabetic disease patient without prelabeling of islets. While the conventional biomarkers for diabetes have been glucose and insulin concentrations in the blood, the direct determination of the pancreatic β cell mass would provide critical information for the disease status and progression. By combining fluorination and diversity-oriented fluorescence library strategy, we have developed a multimodal pancreatic β cell probe PiF for both fluorescence and for PET (positron emission tomography). By simple tail vein injection, PiF stains pancreatic β cells specifically and allows intraoperative fluorescent imaging of pancreatic islets. PiF-injected pancreatic tissue even facilitated an antibody-free islet analysis within 2 h, dramatically accelerating the day-long histological procedure without any fixing and dehydration step. Not only islets in the pancreas but also the low background of PiF in the liver allowed us to monitor the intraportal transplanted islets, which is the first in vivo visualization of transplanted human islets without a prelabeling of the islets. Finally, we could replace the built-in fluorine atom in PiF with radioactive 18F and successfully demonstrate in situ PET imaging for pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Young Kang
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Jung Yeol Lee
- New Drug Discovery Center, DGMIF , Daegu 41061 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwa Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK21 PLUS Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, and Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST) , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK21 PLUS Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, and Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST) , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Wut Hmone Phue
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | | | - Si Yan Diana Wan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Janise Lalic
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Sung-Jin Park
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Jong-Jin Kim
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Haw-Young Kwon
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Im
- Bio &Drug Discovery Division , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Yuseong-Gu , Gajeongro 141 , Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio &Drug Discovery Division , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Yuseong-Gu , Gajeongro 141 , Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Siang Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138673 , Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138673 , Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597 , Singapore
| | - Sunyou Park
- New Drug Discovery Center, DGMIF , Daegu 41061 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development , Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development , Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK21 PLUS Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, and Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST) , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138667 , Singapore.,Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
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Wei W, Ehlerding EB, Lan X, Luo QY, Cai W. Molecular imaging of β-cells: diabetes and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:16-31. [PMID: 31378283 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Since diabetes is becoming a global epidemic, there is a great need to develop early β-cell specific diagnostic techniques for this disorder. There are two types of diabetes (i.e., type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)). In T1DM, the destruction of pancreatic β-cells leads to reduced insulin production or even absolute insulin deficiency, which consequently results in hyperglycemia. Actually, a central issue in the pathophysiology of all types of diabetes is the relative reduction of β-cell mass (BCM) and/or impairment of the function of individual β-cells. In the past two decades, scientists have been trying to develop imaging techniques for noninvasive measurement of the viability and mass of pancreatic β-cells. Despite intense scientific efforts, only two tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) and one contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are currently under clinical evaluation. β-cell specific imaging probes may also allow us to precisely and specifically visualize transplanted β-cells and to improve transplantation outcomes, as transplantation of pancreatic islets has shown promise in treating T1DM. In addition, some of these probes can be applied to the preoperative detection of hidden insulinomas as well. In the present review, we primarily summarize potential tracers under development for imaging β-cells with a focus on tracers for PET, SPECT, MRI, and optical imaging. We will discuss the advantages and limitations of the various imaging probes and extend an outlook on future developments in the field.
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Willekens SMA, Joosten L, Boerman OC, Balhuizen A, Eizirik DL, Gotthardt M, Brom M. Strain Differences Determine the Suitability of Animal Models for Noninvasive In Vivo Beta Cell Mass Determination with Radiolabeled Exendin. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 18:705-14. [PMID: 26886298 PMCID: PMC5010585 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Noninvasive beta cell mass (BCM) quantification is a crucial tool to understand diabetes development and progression. [111In]exendin is a promising agent for in vivo beta cell imaging, but tracer testing has been hampered by the lack of well-defined rodent models. Procedures Biodistribution and pancreatic uptake of [111In]exendin were compared in rats and mice. In selected models, the amount of [111In]exendin accumulation in the pancreas and other organs was determined using a model of alloxan-induced beta cell loss. GLP-1R expression levels were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Namely Brown Norway rats showed beta-cell-specific tracer accumulation and favorable pancreas-to-background ratios for noninvasive BCM determination. Mice displayed receptor-mediated [111In]exendin uptake in endocrine and exocrine pancreas, in spite of very low GLP-1R expression in exocrine tissue. Conclusions Rats display better characteristics for in vivo BCM determination than mice and are suggested as a more adequate model for humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11307-016-0936-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M A Willekens
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lieke Joosten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Balhuizen
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Brom
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jodal A, Schibli R, Béhé M. Targets and probes for non-invasive imaging of β-cells. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 44:712-727. [PMID: 28025655 PMCID: PMC5323463 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-cells, located in the islets of the pancreas, are responsible for production and secretion of insulin and play a crucial role in blood sugar regulation. Pathologic β-cells often cause serious medical conditions affecting blood glucose level, which severely impact life quality and are life-threatening if untreated. With 347 million patients, diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases, and will continue to be one of the largest socioeconomic challenges in the future. The diagnosis still relies mainly on indirect methods like blood sugar measurements. A non-invasive diagnostic imaging modality would allow direct evaluation of β-cell mass and would be a huge step towards personalized medicine. Hyperinsulinism is another serious condition caused by β-cells that excessively secrete insulin, like for instance β-cell hyperplasia and insulinomas. Treatment options with drugs are normally not curative, whereas curative procedures usually consist of the resection of affected regions for which, however, an exact localization of the foci is necessary. In this review, we describe potential tracers under development for targeting β-cells with focus on radiotracers for PET and SPECT imaging, which allow the non-invasive visualization of β-cells. We discuss either the advantages or limitations for the various tracers and modalities. This article concludes with an outlook on future developments and discuss the potential of new imaging probes including dual probes that utilize functionalities for both a radioactive and optical moiety as well as for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Jodal
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Béhé
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
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Lin M, Lubag A, McGuire MJ, Seliounine SY, Tsyganov EN, Antich PP, Sherry AD, Brown KC, Sun X. Advances in molecular imaging of pancreatic beta cells. FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE : A JOURNAL AND VIRTUAL LIBRARY 2008; 13:4558-75. [PMID: 18508529 PMCID: PMC2790725 DOI: 10.2741/3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of non-invasive imaging methods for early diagnosis of beta cell associated metabolic diseases, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D), has recently drawn interest from the molecular imaging community and clinical investigators. Due to the challenges imposed by the location of the pancreas, the sparsely dispersed beta cell population within the pancreas, and the poor understanding of the pathogenesis of the diseases, clinical diagnosis of beta cell abnormalities is still limited. Current diagnostic methods are invasive, often inaccurate, and usually performed post-onset of the disease. Advances in imaging techniques for probing beta cell mass and function are needed to address this critical health care problem. A variety of imaging techniques have been tested for the assessment of pancreatic beta cell islets. Here we discuss current advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and nuclear imaging for the study of beta cell diseases. Spurred by early successes in nuclear imaging techniques for beta cells, especially positron emission tomography (PET), the need for beta cell specific ligands has expanded. Progress for obtaining such ligands is presented. We report our preliminary efforts of developing such a peptidic ligand for PET imaging of pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Lin
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Ladrière L, Louchami K, Laghmich A, Malaisse-Lagae F, Malaisse WJ. Labeling of pancreatic glycogen by D-[U-14c]glucose in hyperglycemic rats. Endocrine 2001; 14:383-97. [PMID: 11444437 DOI: 10.1385/endo:14:3:383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Under conditions of sustained hyperglycemia, glycogen accumulates in pancreatic islets, but not so in acinar pancreatic cells. We investigated whether advantage could be taken of such a situation in the perspective of the noninvasive imaging of the endocrine pancreas. Control rats or animals injected with streptozotocin (STZ) were infused with solutions of D-glucose mixed with a tracer amount of D-[U-14C]glucose, and the radioactive glycogen content of both liver and pancreas was then measured. After 48 h of infusion, the radioactive glycogen content of the pancreas was 30 times lower in STZ rats than in control animals, coinciding with a 50 times lower insulin content. In the control rats, a sizable labeling of pancreatic glycogen was also recorded when D-[U-14C]glucose was infused for only the last 4 h of unlabeled D-glucose infusion; such a labeling was not decreased when the animals were further infused for 1 h with only the unlabeled hexose. Moreover, a pronounced difference in the pancreatic gland and blood radioactive content of control rats was still observed when the hyperglycemic animals were killed only 40 min after the i.v. injection of D-[U-14C]glucose. In STZ rats transplanted with islets and later infused with D-[U-14C]glucose, the total radioactive content and radioactive glycogen content were both much higher in the transplanted islets than in the pancreatic gland. These results allow one to define the conditions under which the administration of either 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose or 11C-labeled D-glucose could conceivably be used to favor the selective labeling of the endocrine, as distinct from exocrine, pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ladrière
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Brussels Free University, Belgium
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Abstract
The apparent distribution space of 6-deoxy-6-[125I]iodo-D-glucose, recently proposed as a tracer of D-glucose transport, was measured in rat isolated islets, acinar tissue, and pieces of pancreas. While such a space reached a steady-state value corresponding to the 3HOH volume in pancreatic islets within 5 min, it slowly increased in pieces of pancreas and, even after 60-min incubation, remained lower than the 3HOH volume. Moreover, the net uptake of 6-deoxy-6-[125I]iodo-D-glucose by pancreatic pieces was inhibited by unlabeled 6-deoxy-6-iodo-D-glucose, D-glucose, and cytochalasin B, while being less or not affected by these agents in isolated islets. A preferential labeling of the endocrine, relative to exocrine, moiety of the pancreas was documented both by comparing, after 2 min incubation, the uptake of 6-deoxy-6-[125I]iodo-D-glucose by pieces of pancreas from normal vs streptozotocin-injected rats and by comparing the radioactive content of pancreatic islets and acinar tissue obtained from normal rats injected intravenously 3 min before sacrifice with 6-deoxy-6-[125I]iodo-D-glucose. It is proposed, therefore, that advantage could conceivably be taken from the vastly different time course for the uptake of selected monosaccharides by pancreatic islets vs acinar cells in the perspective of imaging of the endocrine pancreas by a non invasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Malaisse
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Brussels Free University, Belgium.
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