1
|
Giannakoulas N, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Terpos E. The Role of Marrow Microenvironment in the Growth and Development of Malignant Plasma Cells in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094462. [PMID: 33923357 PMCID: PMC8123209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and effectiveness of novel therapies in multiple myeloma have been established in large clinical trials. However, multiple myeloma remains an incurable malignancy despite significant therapeutic advances. Accumulating data have elucidated our understanding of the genetic background of the malignant plasma cells along with the role of the bone marrow microenvironment. Currently, the interaction among myeloma cells and the components of the microenvironment are considered crucial in multiple myeloma pathogenesis. Adhesion molecules, cytokines and the extracellular matrix play a critical role in the interplay among genetically transformed clonal plasma cells and stromal cells, leading to the proliferation, progression and survival of myeloma cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the growth and development of malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Giannakoulas
- Department of Hematology of University Hospital of Larisa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Signaling Pathway Mediating Myeloma Cell Growth and Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020216. [PMID: 33435632 PMCID: PMC7827005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), and delineation of the intracellular signaling pathways activated in the BM microenvironment in MM cells is essential to develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcome. Abstract The multiple myeloma (MM) bone marrow (BM) microenvironment consists of different types of accessory cells. Both soluble factors (i.e., cytokines) secreted from these cells and adhesion of MM cells to these cells play crucial roles in activation of intracellular signaling pathways mediating MM cell growth, survival, migration, and drug resistance. Importantly, there is crosstalk between the signaling pathways, increasing the complexity of signal transduction networks in MM cells in the BM microenvironment, highlighting the requirement for combination treatment strategies to blocking multiple signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mondello P, Cuzzocrea S, Navarra M, Mian M. Bone marrow micro-environment is a crucial player for myelomagenesis and disease progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20394-20409. [PMID: 28099912 PMCID: PMC5386771 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advent of many therapeutic agents, such as bortezomib and lenalidomide that have significantly improved the overall survival, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. Failure to cure is multifactorial and can be attributed to the underlying genetic heterogeneity of the cancer and to the surrounding micro-environment. Understanding the mutual interaction between myeloma cells and micro-environment may lead to the development of novel treatment strategies able to eradicate this disease. In this review we discuss the principal molecules involved in the micro-environment network in multiple myeloma and the currently available therapies targeting them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Mondello
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael Mian
- Department of Hematology and Center of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology & Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Citrullination of histone H3 drives IL-6 production by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in MGUS and multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2016; 31:373-381. [PMID: 27400413 PMCID: PMC5292682 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable plasma cell malignancy, requires localisation within the bone marrow. This microenvironment facilitates crucial interactions between the cancer cells and stromal cell types that permit the tumour to survive and proliferate. There is increasing evidence that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) is stably altered in patients with MM-a phenotype also postulated to exist in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) a benign condition that precedes MM. In this study, we describe a mechanism by which increased expression of peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) by BMMSCs in patients with MGUS and MM directly alters malignant plasma cell phenotype. We identify PADI2 as one of the most highly upregulated transcripts in BMMSCs from both MGUS and MM patients, and that through its enzymatic deimination of histone H3 arginine 26, PADI2 activity directly induces the upregulation of interleukin-6 expression. This leads to the acquisition of resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent, bortezomib, by malignant plasma cells. We therefore describe a novel mechanism by which BMMSC dysfunction in patients with MGUS and MM directly leads to pro-malignancy signalling through the citrullination of histone H3R26.
Collapse
|
5
|
Imai Y, Ohta E, Takeda S, Sunamura S, Ishibashi M, Tamura H, Wang YH, Deguchi A, Tanaka J, Maru Y, Motoji T. Histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat induces calcineurin degradation in multiple myeloma. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e85061. [PMID: 27699258 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a relapsed and refractory disease, one that highlights the need for developing new molecular therapies for overcoming of drug resistance. Addition of panobinostat, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, to bortezomib and dexamethasone improved progression-free survival (PFS) in relapsed and refractory MM patients. Here, we demonstrate how calcineurin, when inhibited by immunosuppressive drugs like FK506, is involved in myeloma cell growth and targeted by panobinostat. mRNA expression of PPP3CA, a catalytic subunit of calcineurin, was high in advanced patients. Panobinostat degraded PPP3CA, a degradation that should have been induced by inhibition of the chaperone function of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Cotreatment with HDAC inhibitors and FK506 led to an enhanced antimyeloma effect with a greater PPP3CA reduction compared with HDAC inhibitors alone both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, this combination treatment efficiently blocked osteoclast formation, which results in osteolytic lesions. The poor response and short PFS duration observed in the bortezomib-containing therapies of patients with high PPP3CA suggested its relevance to bortezomib resistance. Moreover, bortezomib and HDAC inhibitors synergistically suppressed MM cell viability through PPP3CA inhibition. Our findings underscore the usefulness of calcineurin-targeted therapy in MM patients, including patients who are resistant to bortezomib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Imai
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Ohta
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Takeda
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Sunamura
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Ishibashi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Tamura
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Deguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maru
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiko Motoji
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hadadian S, Shamassebi DN, Mirzahoseini H, Shokrgozar MA, Bouzari S, Sepahi M. Stability and biological activity evaluations of PEGylated human basic fibroblast growth factor. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:176. [PMID: 26605215 PMCID: PMC4616999 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.164001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human basic fibroblast growth factor (hBFGF) is a heparin-binding growth factor and stimulates the proliferation of a wide variety of cells and tissues causing survival properties and its stability and biological activity improvements have received much attention. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present work, hBFGF produced by engineered Escherichia coli and purified by cation exchange and heparin affinity chromatography, was PEGylated under appropriate condition employing 10 kD polyethylene glycol. The PEGylated form was separated by size exclusion chromatography. Structural, biological activity, and stability evaluations were performed using Fourier transform infrared (FITR) spectroscopy, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and effect denaturing agent, respectively. RESULTS FITR spectroscopy revealed that both PEGylated and native forms had the same structures. MTT assay showed that PEGyalated form had a 30% reduced biological activity. Fluorescence spectrophotometry indicated that the PEGylated form denatured at higher concentrations of guanidine HCl (1.2 M) compared with native, which denatured at 0.8 M guanidine HCl. CONCLUSIONS PEGylation of hBFGF makes it more stable against denaturing agent but reduces its bioactivity up to 30%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Hadadian
- Department of Quality Control, Research and Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Mirzahoseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Sepahi
- Department of Recombinant Biopharmaceutical Production, Research and Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shiheido H, Naito Y, Kimura H, Genma H, Takashima H, Tokunaga M, Ono T, Hirano T, Du W, Yamada T, Doi N, Iijima S, Hattori Y, Yanagawa H. An anilinoquinazoline derivative inhibits tumor growth through interaction with hCAP-G2, a subunit of condensin II. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44889. [PMID: 23028663 PMCID: PMC3441599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We screened 46 novel anilinoquinazoline derivatives for activity to inhibit proliferation of a panel of human cancer cell lines. Among them, Q15 showed potent in vitro growth-inhibitory activity towards cancer cell lines derived from colorectal cancer, lung cancer and multiple myeloma. It also showed antitumor activity towards multiple myeloma KMS34 tumor xenografts in lcr/scid mice in vivo. Unlike the known anilinoquinazoline derivative gefitinib, Q15 did not inhibit cytokine-mediated intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation. Using our mRNA display technology, we identified hCAP-G2, a subunit of condensin II complex, which is regarded as a key player in mitotic chromosome condensation, as a Q15 binding partner. Immunofluorescence study indicated that Q15 compromises normal segregation of chromosomes, and therefore might induce apoptosis. Thus, our results indicate that hCAP-G2 is a novel therapeutic target for development of drugs active against currently intractable neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Shiheido
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuhei Naito
- Clinical Physiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Kimura
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Genma
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takashima
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mayuko Tokunaga
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takao Ono
- Chromosome Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hirano
- Chromosome Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Wenlin Du
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Yamada
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Doi
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Iijima
- Clinical Physiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hattori
- Clinical Physiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yanagawa
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The t(4;14) translocation and FGFR3 overexpression in multiple myeloma: prognostic implications and current clinical strategies. Blood Cancer J 2012; 2:e89. [PMID: 22961061 PMCID: PMC3461707 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2012.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous plasma cell disorder characterized by genetic abnormalities, including chromosomal translocations, deletions, duplications and genetic mutations. Translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain region at chromosome 14q32 are observed in approximately 40% of patients with MM. Translocation of oncogenes into this region may lead to their increased expression, contributing to disease initiation, disease progression and therapeutic resistance. The t(4;14) translocation is associated with upregulation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and the myeloma SET domain protein. Patients with t(4;14) demonstrate an overall poor prognosis that is only partially mitigated by the use of the novel agents bortezomib and lenalidomide; as such, an unmet medical need remains for patients with this aberration. Preclinical studies of inhibitors of FGFR3 have shown promise in t(4;14) MM, and these studies have led to the initiation of clinical trials. Data from these trials will help to determine the clinical utility of FGFR3 inhibitors for patients with t(4;14) MM and may pave the way for personalized medicine in patients with this incurable disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Shiheido H, Terada F, Tabata N, Hayakawa I, Matsumura N, Takashima H, Ogawa Y, Du W, Yamada T, Shoji M, Sugai T, Doi N, Iijima S, Hattori Y, Yanagawa H. A phthalimide derivative that inhibits centrosomal clustering is effective on multiple myeloma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38878. [PMID: 22761710 PMCID: PMC3382596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the introduction of newly developed drugs such as lenalidomide and bortezomib, patients with multiple myeloma are still difficult to treat and have a poor prognosis. In order to find novel drugs that are effective for multiple myeloma, we tested the antitumor activity of 29 phthalimide derivatives against several multiple myeloma cell lines. Among these derivatives, 2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-5-amino-1H-isoindole-1,3- dione (TC11) was found to be a potent inhibitor of tumor cell proliferation and an inducer of apoptosis via activation of caspase-3, 8 and 9. This compound also showed in vivo activity against multiple myeloma cell line KMS34 tumor xenografts in ICR/SCID mice. By means of mRNA display selection on a microfluidic chip, the target protein of TC11 was identified as nucleophosmin 1 (NPM). Binding of TC11 and NPM monomer was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. Immunofluorescence and NPM knockdown studies in HeLa cells suggested that TC11 inhibits centrosomal clustering by inhibiting the centrosomal-regulatory function of NPM, thereby inducing multipolar mitotic cells, which undergo apoptosis. NPM may become a novel target for development of antitumor drugs active against multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Shiheido
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fukiko Terada
- Clinical Physiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Tabata
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichigo Hayakawa
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Matsumura
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takashima
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wenlin Du
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Yamada
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shoji
- Organic and Biocatalytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Organic and Biocatalytic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhide Doi
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Iijima
- Clinical Physiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hattori
- Clinical Physiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yanagawa
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Aurora kinases play an important role in the control of the cell cycle and have been implicated in tumourigenesis in a number of cancers. Among the haematological malignancies, overexpression of Aurora kinases has been reported in acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, multiple myeloma, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. A large number of Aurora kinase inhibitors are currently in different stages of clinical development. In addition to varying in their selectivity for the different Aurora kinases, some also have activity directed at other cellular kinases involved in important molecular pathways in cancer cells. This review summarizes the biology of Aurora kinases and discusses why they may be good therapeutic targets in different haematological cancers. We describe preclinical data that has served as the rationale for investigating Aurora kinase inhibitors in different haematological malignancies, and summarize published results from early phase clinical trials. While the anti-tumour effects of Aurora kinase inhibitors appear promising, we highlight important issues for future clinical research and suggest that the optimal use of these inhibitors is likely to be in combination with cytotoxic agents already in use for the treatment of various haematological cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S Farag
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 840 Westr Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors control a wide range of biological functions, regulating cellular proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. Although targeting FGF signalling as a cancer therapeutic target has lagged behind that of other receptor tyrosine kinases, there is now substantial evidence for the importance of FGF signalling in the pathogenesis of diverse tumour types, and clinical reagents that specifically target the FGFs or FGF receptors are being developed. Although FGF signalling can drive tumorigenesis, in different contexts FGF signalling can mediate tumour protective functions; the identification of the mechanisms that underlie these differential effects will be important to understand how FGF signalling can be most appropriately therapeutically targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Turner
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK, and Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Multiple myeloma phosphotyrosine proteomic profile associated with FGFR3 expression, ligand activation, and drug inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:20127-32. [PMID: 19901323 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0910957106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling by growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases is manifest through networks of proteins that are substrates and/or bind to the activated receptors. FGF receptor-3 (FGFR3) is a drug target in a subset of human multiple myelomas (MM) and is mutationally activated in some cervical and colon and many bladder cancers and in certain skeletal dysplasias. To define the FGFR3 network in multiple myeloma, mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify phosphotyrosine (pY) sites modulated by FGFR3 activation and inhibition in myeloma-derived KMS11 cells. Label-free quantification of peptide ion currents indicated the activation of FGFR3 by phosphorylation of tandem tyrosines in the kinase domain activation loop when cellular pY phosphatases were inhibited by pervanadate. Among the 175 proteins that accumulated pY in response to pervanadate was a subset of 52 including FGFR3 that contained a total of 61 pY sites that were sensitive to inhibition by the FGFR3 inhibitor PD173074. The FGFR3 isoform containing the tandem pY motif in its activation loop was targeted by PD173074. Forty of the drug-sensitive pY sites, including two located within the 35-residue cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane growth factor binding proteoglycan (and multiple myeloma biomarker) Syndecan-1/CD138, were also stimulated in cells treated with the ligand FGF1, providing additional validation of their link to FGFR3. The identification of these overlapping sets of co-modulated tyrosine phosphorylations presents an outline of an FGFR3 network in the MM model and demonstrates the potential for pharmacodynamic monitoring by label-free quantitative phospho-proteomics.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wong WWL, Clendening JW, Martirosyan A, Boutros PC, Bros C, Khosravi F, Jurisica I, Stewart AK, Bergsagel PL, Penn LZ. Determinants of sensitivity to lovastatin-induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1886-97. [PMID: 17575117 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Statins, commonly used to treat hypercholesterolemia, have been shown to trigger tumor-specific apoptosis in certain cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy with poor prognosis. In this article, we show that of a panel of 17 genetically distinct MM cell lines, half were sensitive to statin-induced apoptosis and, despite pharmacodynamic evidence of drug uptake and activity, the remainder were insensitive. Sensitive cells were rescued from lovastatin-induced apoptosis by mevalonate, geranylgeranyl PPi, and partially by farnesyl PPi, highlighting the importance of isoprenylation. Expression profiling revealed that Rho GTPase mRNAs were differentially expressed upon lovastatin exposure in sensitive cells, yet ectopic expression of constitutively active Rho or Ras proteins was insufficient to alter sensitivity to lovastatin-induced apoptosis. This suggests that sensitivity involves more than one isoprenylated protein and that statins trigger apoptosis by blocking many signaling cascades, directly or indirectly deregulated by the oncogenic lesions of the tumor cell. Indeed, clustering on the basis of genetic abnormalities was shown to be significantly associated with sensitivity (P = 0.003). These results suggest that statins may be a useful molecular targeted therapy in the treatment of a subset of MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Wei-Lynn Wong
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Du W, Hattori Y, Yamada T, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Sagawa M, Otsuki T, Niikura T, Nukiwa T, Ikeda Y. NK4, an antagonist of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), inhibits growth of multiple myeloma cells: molecular targeting of angiogenic growth factor. Blood 2007; 109:3042-9. [PMID: 17179234 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-02-003103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) promotes cell growth and motility and also increases neovascularization. Multiple myeloma (MM) cells produce HGF, and the plasma concentration of HGF is significantly elevated in patients with clinically active MM, suggesting that HGF might play a role in the pathogenesis of MM. NK4, an antagonist of HGF, is structurally homologous to angiostatin, and our previous report showed that NK4 inhibited the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells induced by HGF stimulation. The purposes of this study were to elucidate the contribution of HGF to the growth of MM cells as well as to investigate the possibility of the therapeutic use of NK4. In vitro study showed that NK4 protein stabilized the growth of MM cell lines and regulated the activation of c-MET, ERK1/2, STAT3, and AKT-1. Recombinant adenovirus containing NK4 cDNA (AdCMV.NK4) was injected intramuscularly into Icr/scid mice bearing tumors derived from HGF-producing MM cells. AdCMV.NK4 significantly inhibited the growth of these tumors in vivo. Histologic examination revealed that AdCMV.NK4 induced apoptosis of MM cells, accompanied by a reduction in neovascularization in the tumors. Thus, NK4 inhibited the growth of MM cells via antiangiogenic as well as direct antitumor mechanisms. The molecular targeting of HGF by NK4 could be applied as a novel therapeutic approach to MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Du
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xin X, Abrams TJ, Hollenbach PW, Rendahl KG, Tang Y, Oei YA, Embry MG, Swinarski DE, Garrett EN, Pryer NK, Trudel S, Jallal B, Mendel DB, Heise CC. CHIR-258 is efficacious in a newly developed fibroblast growth factor receptor 3-expressing orthotopic multiple myeloma model in mice. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:4908-15. [PMID: 16914579 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ectopically expressed and deregulated fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) results from a t(4;14) chromosomal translocation that occurs in approximately 15% of multiple myeloma (MM) patients and confers a particularly poor prognosis. This study assesses the antimyeloma activity of CHIR-258, a small-molecule inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases that is currently in phase I trials, in a newly developed FGFR3-driven preclinical MM animal model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We developed an orthotopic MM model in mice using a luciferase-expressing human KMS-11-luc line that expresses mutant FGFR3 (Y373C). The antimyeloma activity of CHIR-258 was evaluated at doses that inhibited FGFR3 signaling in vivo in this FGFR3-driven animal model. RESULTS Noninvasive bioluminescence imaging detected MM lesions in nearly all mice injected with KMS-11-luc cells, which were mainly localized in the spine, skull, and pelvis, resulting in frequent development of paralysis. Daily oral administration of CHIR-258 at doses that inhibited FGFR3 signaling in KMS-11-luc tumors in vivo resulted in a significant inhibition of KMS-11-luc tumor growth, which translated into a significant improvement in animal survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a relevant preclinical basis for clinical trials of CHIR-258 in FGFR3-positive MM patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Cell Growth Processes/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy
- Multiple Myeloma/enzymology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Quinolones/pharmacology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/blood
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xin
- Translational Sciences, Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu L, Somlo G, Zhou B, Shao J, Bedell V, Slovak ML, Liu X, Luo J, Yen Y. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 inhibition by short hairpin RNAs leads to apoptosis in multiple myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4:787-98. [PMID: 15897243 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-04-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of t(4;14)(p16.3;q32.3) in multiple myeloma cells results in dysregulated expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). FGFR3 acts as an oncogene to promote multiple myeloma cell proliferation and antiapoptosis. These encourage the clinical development of FGFR3-specific inhibitors. Three short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) targeting different sites of FGFR3 were selected and subsequently transfected into KMS-11, OPM-2, and NCI-H929 human myeloma cell lines, all of which are characterized by t(4;14) and FGFR3 over expression. The combination of these three shRNAs can effectively inhibit FGFR3 expression in all three cell lines. Sequential immunocytochemistry/fluorescence in situ hybridization was employed to validate that the shRNAs specifically inhibited FGFR3 expression in OPM-2 cells. Decreased expression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL1) proteins and increased staining of Annexin V-positive cells showed that inhibition of FGFR3 induces apoptosis. After confirming down-regulation of FGFR3 by real-time PCR, HU-133 plus 2.0 array was employed to compare the gene expression profile of shRNA-treated sample with that of the control. Besides the down-regulation of FGFR3, expression of the antiapoptotic genes CFLAR, BCL2, MCL1, and some members of NF-kappaB family decreased, whereas expression of the proapoptotic genes CYC, BID, CASP2, and CASP6 increased. Microarray results also revealed changes in genes previously implicated in multiple myeloma pathogenesis (RAS, RAF, IL-6R, and VEGF), as well as others (TLR4, KLF4, and GADD45A) not previously linked to multiple myeloma. Our observations indicate that shRNAs can specifically and effectively inhibit FGFR3 expression. This targeted approach may be worth testing in multiple myeloma patients with t(4;14) and FGFR3 overexpression in the future.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Multiple Myeloma/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Firme L, Bush AB. FGF signaling inhibits the proliferation of human myeloma cells and reduces c-myc expression. BMC Cell Biol 2003; 4:17. [PMID: 14656381 PMCID: PMC317277 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-4-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2003] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma is a cancer of antibody producing plasma cells whose etiology is unknown. FGF signaling has been implicated in myeloma pathogenesis but its precise role remains unclear. Results Here, we investigate the biochemical and phenotypic consequences of FGF stimulation in several different human myeloma cell lines. We find that FGF signaling inhibits cell cycle progression in two lines and surprisingly, reduces the expression of c-myc while turning on c-fos. In several other lines, FGF signaling does not affect proliferation rate, including cells harboring translocated FGF Receptor 3. When cells are presented with a growth arrest signal, FGF addition induces cell death. Conclusions By showing that FGF signaling inhibits mitogenesis and induces apoptosis, we demonstrate novel effects of activating this ubiquitous signaling pathway in multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Firme
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, NY, NY 10021 USA
| | - Andrew B Bush
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, NY, NY 10021 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sato N, Hattori Y, Wenlin D, Yamada T, Kamata T, Kakimoto T, Okamoto S, Kawamura C, Kizaki M, Shimada N, Ote Y, Hata JI, Ikeda Y. Elevated level of plasma basic fibroblast growth factor in multiple myeloma correlates with increased disease activity. Jpn J Cancer Res 2002; 93:459-66. [PMID: 11985797 PMCID: PMC5927008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports that bone marrow angiogenesis is increased in multiple myeloma prompted us to examine plasma concentrations of angiogenic growth factors and to elucidate their clinical and biological significance. In 45 cases including 36 cases of multiple myeloma and 9 cases of monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS), plasma concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated. FGF-2 was significantly elevated in 25 out of 45 (56%) of the patients with multiple myeloma compared with control subjects (median 9.01 pg ml vs. 1.58 pg/ml, P < 0.0001). The 25 cases were all active multiple myeloma, and none of the non-active myeloma and MGUS patients showed a high FGF-2 level. VEGF level was also elevated in 26 out of 45 patients (58%) compared with control subjects (median 42.0 pg/ml vs. 15.8 pg/ml, P < 0.0001 for VEGF). VEGF concentration was high in 20 active myelomas, but also in one non-active myeloma and five MGUS. Elevation of FGF-2 level was associated with beta2-microglobulin level, anemia and bone marrow plasma cell percentage, which represent disease activity. Interestingly, none of five Bence-Jones type myelomas, including four clinically active cases, revealed a high plasma FGF-2 level, while all of them showed a high VEGF level. In all five responders, the plasma FGF-2 levels were significantly decreased after chemotherapy. FGF-2 was immunohistochemically detected in the bone marrow myeloma cells of the patients with high plasma FGF-2 level. We conclude that plasma concentration of FGF-2 can be a useful indicator of disease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norihide Sato
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|