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A small interfering RNA (siRNA) database for SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8849. [PMID: 33893357 PMCID: PMC8065152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly transformed into a global pandemic, for which a demand for developing antivirals capable of targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome and blocking the activity of its genes has emerged. In this work, we presented a database of SARS-CoV-2 targets for small interference RNA (siRNA) based approaches, aiming to speed the design process by providing a broad set of possible targets and siRNA sequences. The siRNAs sequences are characterized and evaluated by more than 170 features, including thermodynamic information, base context, target genes and alignment information of sequences against the human genome, and diverse SARS-CoV-2 strains, to assess possible bindings to off-target sequences. This dataset is available as a set of four tables, available in a spreadsheet and CSV (Comma-Separated Values) formats, each one corresponding to sequences of 18, 19, 20, and 21 nucleotides length, aiming to meet the diversity of technology and expertise among laboratories around the world. A metadata table (Supplementary Table S1), which describes each feature, is also provided in the aforementioned formats. We hope that this database helps to speed up the development of new target antivirals for SARS-CoV-2, contributing to a possible strategy for a faster and effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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2
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Lin RK, Hung WY, Huang YF, Chang YJ, Lin CH, Chen WY, Chiu SF, Chang SC, Tsai SF. Hypermethylation of BEND5 contributes to cell proliferation and is a prognostic marker of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113431-113443. [PMID: 29371920 PMCID: PMC5768337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant hypermethylation of CpG islands in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) contributes to colorectal tumorigenesis. To identify new colorectal cancer (CRC) screening marker, we investigated DNA methylation alterations in novel TSGs. Using HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays, CpG regions in BEND5 were the most highly methylated among all genomic regions in 26 colorectal tumors compared to paired non-neoplastic tissues from a Taiwan cohort. Therefore, BEND5 was selected for further analysis. Quantitative methylation-specific real-time PCR revealed that 86.7% (117/135) of CRC patients exhibited hypermethylated BEND5. Real-time reverse transcription PCR identified that BEND5 mRNA expression was downregulated in 68% (32/47) of the analyzed samples. BEND5 hypermethylation was associated with poor overall survival (OS) in Taiwan patients with early-stage CRC (P = 0.037). In a CRC tissue set from South Korea, OS was higher in patients with high BEND5 protein expression than in those with low BEND5 protein expression (P = 0.037) by using immunohistochemistry assays. Consistently, BEND5 hypermethylation was associated with poor OS in patients with early-stage CRC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set (P = 0.003). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis further supported that hypermethylation of BEND5 genes was significantly associated with OS in Taiwan and TCGA CRC patients (P = 0.023 and 0.033, respectively). Finally, the cell model assay with transient transfection of BEND5 or si-BEND5 knockdown indicated that BEND5 inhibited cancer cell proliferation. In conclusion, epigenetic alteration in the candidate TSG BEND5 contributes to colorectal cancer development and is a prognostic marker of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Kai Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,PH.D Program for Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ph.D Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Yu Hung
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Fang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Hsing Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Feng Chiu
- Professional Master Program in Pharmaceutics and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Ching Chang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
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3
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Kwon RJ, Han ME, Kim YJ, Kim YH, Kim JY, Liu L, Heo W, Oh SO. Roles of zinc-fingers and homeoboxes 1 during the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694575. [PMID: 28351300 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) is a nuclear transcription repressor and known to be involved in cell differentiation and tumorigenesis. However, the pathophysiological roles of ZHX1 have not been characterized in glioblastoma. We examined ZHX1 expression in glioblastoma patients' tissues and analyzed overall survival of the patients based on expression level of ZHX1. We also examined the effects of ZHX1 on proliferation and motility of glioblastoma cells. In silico analysis and immunohistochemical studies showed that the messenger RNA and protein expressions of ZHX1 were higher in the tissues of glioblastoma patients than in normal brain tissues, and that its overexpression was associated with reduced survival. In vitro, the downregulation of ZHX1 decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells, whereas its upregulation had the opposite effects. In addition, we showed ZHX1 could contribute to glioblastoma progression via the regulations of TWIST1 and SNAI2. Taken together, this study demonstrates that ZHX1 plays crucial roles in the progression of glioblastoma, and its findings suggest that ZHX1 be viewed as a potential prognostic maker and therapeutic target of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuk-Jun Kwon
- 1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Gene & Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Eun Han
- 1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Gene & Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jae Kim
- 3 Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- 1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Gene & Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- 1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Gene & Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Liangwen Liu
- 1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Gene & Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Heo
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- 1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,2 Gene & Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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4
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Tan S, Tan S, Chen Z, Cheng K, Chen Z, Wang W, Wen Q, Zhang W. Knocking down Dp71 expression in A549 cells reduces its malignancy in vivo and in vitro. Cancer Invest 2015; 34:16-25. [PMID: 26691328 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1084002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dp71 is one of the most ubiquitously expressed isoforms of dystrophin, the pathological genes of DMD. In order to find whether the alteration of Dp71 can affect the phenotypes of cell other than PC12, an A549 cell line with stably transfected Dp71 siRNA plasmids was set up and named A549-Dp71AS cell. It is demonstrated for the first time that the A549-Dp71AS cell line displayed decreased invasion capabilities, reduced migration ability, decreased proliferation rate, and lessened clonogenic formation. Cisplatin-induced apoptosis was also increased in A549-Dp71AS cell line via enhancing the Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and Caspase 9 activities. Knocking down Dp71 expression can significantly inhibit the A549 xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. The A549-Dp71AS cells and xenograft tumor tissues displayed reduced lamin B1, Bcl-2, and MMP2 protein expression, which accounts for the reduced malignancy of A549-Dp71AS cells in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichuang Tan
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Sipin Tan
- b Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine , Central South University , Hunan , China
- c Molecular and Cell Experimental Center, Xiangya School of Medicine , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Zhikang Chen
- d Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Hunan , China
| | - Ke Cheng
- e Center of Transplant Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Hunan , China
| | - Zhicao Chen
- e Center of Transplant Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Hunan , China
| | - Wenmei Wang
- b Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine , Central South University , Hunan , China
| | - Qiaocheng Wen
- d Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Hunan , China
| | - Weilin Zhang
- d Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Hunan , China
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5
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Mohammad RM, Muqbil I, Lowe L, Yedjou C, Hsu HY, Lin LT, Siegelin MD, Fimognari C, Kumar NB, Dou QP, Yang H, Samadi AK, Russo GL, Spagnuolo C, Ray SK, Chakrabarti M, Morre JD, Coley HM, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Niccolai E, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Helferich WG, Yang X, Boosani CS, Guha G, Bhakta D, Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, Chen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Bilsland A, Halicka D, Nowsheen S, Azmi AS. Broad targeting of resistance to apoptosis in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S78-S103. [PMID: 25936818 PMCID: PMC4720504 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is natural way of removing aged cells from the body. Most of the anti-cancer therapies trigger apoptosis induction and related cell death networks to eliminate malignant cells. However, in cancer, de-regulated apoptotic signaling, particularly the activation of an anti-apoptotic systems, allows cancer cells to escape this program leading to uncontrolled proliferation resulting in tumor survival, therapeutic resistance and recurrence of cancer. This resistance is a complicated phenomenon that emanates from the interactions of various molecules and signaling pathways. In this comprehensive review we discuss the various factors contributing to apoptosis resistance in cancers. The key resistance targets that are discussed include (1) Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins; (2) autophagy processes; (3) necrosis and necroptosis; (4) heat shock protein signaling; (5) the proteasome pathway; (6) epigenetic mechanisms; and (7) aberrant nuclear export signaling. The shortcomings of current therapeutic modalities are highlighted and a broad spectrum strategy using approaches including (a) gossypol; (b) epigallocatechin-3-gallate; (c) UMI-77 (d) triptolide and (e) selinexor that can be used to overcome cell death resistance is presented. This review provides a roadmap for the design of successful anti-cancer strategies that overcome resistance to apoptosis for better therapeutic outcome in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Interim translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Clement Yedjou
- C-SET, [Jackson, #229] State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Hsue-Yin Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Markus David Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Nagi B Kumar
- Moffit Cancer Center, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit MI, United States
| | - Huanjie Yang
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | | | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James D Morre
- Mor-NuCo, Inc, Purdue Research Park, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Helen M Coley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, university of florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, university of florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, United Arab Emirates
| | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Xujuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine Creighton University, Omaha NE, United States
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Sophie Chen
- Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Ireland
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Ireland
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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6
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Lu T, Yang W, Wang Z, Hu Z, Zeng X, Yang C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li F, Liu Z, Wang D, Ye Z. Knockdown of glucose-regulated protein 78/binding immunoglobulin heavy chain protein expression by asymmetric small interfering RNA induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and attenuates migratory capability. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:249-56. [PMID: 25338653 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 [GRP78, also termed binding immunoglobulin heavy chain protein (Bip)] may be involved in cancer progression and metastasis. However, to date there has been minimal investigation into its potential role in human prostate cancer cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that asymmetric small interfering RNA (asiRNA)-mediated gene silencing is more effective and longer-lasting than conventional symmetric siRNA. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of GRP78-specific asiRNA on human prostate cancer cells. A series of asiRNAs was synthesized and their efficiency in silencing GRP78 expression in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells was evaluated. The effects of knockdown using asiRNAs were compared to those of knockdown using symmetric siRNAs. The effect of GRP78 silencing on PC-3 cell apoptosis and migration, and the possible mechanisms governing these biological processes were examined. Compared with the symmetric siRNA, transfection with the 15 base pair asiRNA (asiGRP78-3) resulted in greater downregulation of GRP78 expression. GRP78 depletion in PC-3 cells resulted in increased apoptosis and decreased migration of these cells. Experiments investigating the underlying mechanisms of these effects revealed that knockdown of GRP78 attenuated protein kinase B activation and decreased the expression of pro-caspase 9, pro-caspase 3 and vimentin. In conclusion, knockdown of GRP78/Bip expression with asymmetric siRNA led to increased prostate cancer cell apoptosis and reduced cellular migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dongbiao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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7
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Wu SY, Yang X, Gharpure KM, Hatakeyama H, Egli M, McGuire MH, Nagaraja AS, Miyake TM, Rupaimoole R, Pecot CV, Taylor M, Pradeep S, Sierant M, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Choi HJ, Previs RA, Armaiz-Pena GN, Huang L, Martinez C, Hassell T, Ivan C, Sehgal V, Singhania R, Han HD, Su C, Kim JH, Dalton HJ, Kovvali C, Keyomarsi K, McMillan NAJ, Overwijk WW, Liu J, Lee JS, Baggerly KA, Lopez-Berestein G, Ram PT, Nawrot B, Sood AK. 2'-OMe-phosphorodithioate-modified siRNAs show increased loading into the RISC complex and enhanced anti-tumour activity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3459. [PMID: 24619206 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving small interfering RNA (siRNA) efficacy in target cell populations remains a challenge to its clinical implementation. Here, we report a chemical modification, consisting of phosphorodithioate (PS2) and 2'-O-Methyl (2'-OMe) MePS2 on one nucleotide that significantly enhances potency and resistance to degradation for various siRNAs. We find enhanced potency stems from an unforeseen increase in siRNA loading to the RNA-induced silencing complex, likely due to the unique interaction mediated by 2'-OMe and PS2. We demonstrate the therapeutic utility of MePS2 siRNAs in chemoresistant ovarian cancer mouse models via targeting GRAM domain containing 1B (GRAMD1B), a protein involved in chemoresistance. GRAMD1B silencing is achieved in tumours following MePS2-modified siRNA treatment, leading to a synergistic anti-tumour effect in combination with paclitaxel. Given the previously limited success in enhancing siRNA potency with chemically modified siRNAs, our findings represent an important advance in siRNA design with the potential for application in numerous cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Y Wu
- 1] Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA [2]
| | - Xianbin Yang
- 1] AM Biotechnologies LLC, 12521 Gulf Freeway, Houston, Texas 77034, USA [2]
| | - Kshipra M Gharpure
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Hiroto Hatakeyama
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Martin Egli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Michael H McGuire
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Archana S Nagaraja
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Takahito M Miyake
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Rajesha Rupaimoole
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Chad V Pecot
- Division of Cancer Medicine, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Morgan Taylor
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Malgorzata Sierant
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- 1] Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA [2] Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Hyun J Choi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Rebecca A Previs
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Guillermo N Armaiz-Pena
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Carlos Martinez
- Sigma Life Science, 9186 Six Pines, The Woodlands, Texas 77380, USA
| | - Tom Hassell
- Sigma Life Science, 9186 Six Pines, The Woodlands, Texas 77380, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- 1] Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA [2] Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Vasudha Sehgal
- Department of Systems Biology, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Richa Singhania
- 1] University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia [2] Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Hee-Dong Han
- 1] Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA [2] Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA [3] Department of Immunology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, South Korea
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- 1] Department of Systems Biology, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA [2] Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Heather J Dalton
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Chandra Kovvali
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Nigel A J McMillan
- 1] University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia [2] Griffith Health Institute and School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Willem W Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | | | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- 1] Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA [2] Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Prahlad T Ram
- Department of Systems Biology, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Barbara Nawrot
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anil K Sood
- 1] Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, Texas 77054, USA [2] Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA [3] Department of Cancer Biology, MDACC, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past two decades, regenerative surgeons have focused increasing attention on the potential of gene therapy for treatment of local disorders and injuries. Gene transfer techniques may provide an effective local and short-term induction of growth factors without the limits of other topical therapies. In 2002, Tepper and Mehrara accurately reviewed the topic: given the substantial advancement of research on this issue, an updated review is provided. METHODS Literature indexed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (PubMed) has been reviewed using variable combinations of keywords ("gene therapy," "regenerative medicine," "tissue regeneration," and "gene medicine"). Articles investigating the association between gene therapies and local pathologic conditions have been considered. Attention has been focused on articles published after 2002. Further literature has been obtained by analysis of references listed in reviewed articles. RESULTS Gene therapy approaches have been successfully adopted in preclinical models for treatment of a large variety of local diseases affecting almost every type of tissue. Experiences in abnormalities involving skin (e.g., chronic wounds, burn injuries, pathologic scars), bone, cartilage, endothelia, and nerves have been reviewed. In addition, the supporting role of gene therapies to other tissue-engineering approaches has been discussed. Despite initial reports, clinical evidence has been provided only for treatment of diabetic ulcers, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. CONCLUSIONS Translation of gene therapy strategies into human clinical trials is still a lengthy, difficult, and expensive process. Even so, cutting-edge gene therapy-based strategies in reconstructive procedures could soon set valuable milestones for development of efficient treatments in a growing number of local diseases and injuries.
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Huang X, Jia Z. Construction of HCC-targeting artificial miRNAs using natural miRNA precursors. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:209-215. [PMID: 23935748 PMCID: PMC3735510 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Despite the achievements in clinical therapeutics, the HCC mortality rate remains high. A number of artificial microRNA (amiRNA)-based HCC gene therapy studies have demonstrated significant inhibition of invasion and induction of apoptosis of HCC cancer cells, indicating that this type of therapy may be a promising alternative to current therapeutics. Since the structure of the amiRNA precursor in the specific intracellular environment is critical for the processing to mature amiRNA, a precursor structure that may be efficiently processed is desired. In this study, we constructed amiRNAs targeting firefly luciferase with the precursor structures of six HCC-abundant microRNAs: miR-18a, miR-21, miR-192, miR-221, miR-222 and miR-224, and evaluated the processing efficiency of these amiRNAs in the HCC cell lines Hep3B and HepG2 using a luciferase reporter system. The results demonstrated that these amiRNA precursors are capable of being expressed in HCC cells, with the miR-221 precursor-based amiRNA exhibiting the most efficient inhibition on firefly luciferase at the levels of mRNA and protein activity. This finding provides a basis for constructing HCC-targeting amiRNAs with potent processing efficiency using the precursor structure of miR-221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Huang
- Institute of Hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
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