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Sinha P, Bhardwaj V, Muniyasamy A, Mohan KV, Jain K, Chaudhary K, Upadhyay P. Monocyte Transcriptome in Different Phases of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Uncovers Potential Functional Roles. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:287-297. [PMID: 39049796 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection goes through different phases, i.e., immune tolerant (IT), immune clearance (IC), and inactive carrier (IN) resulting from the interplay of viral replication and immune response. Although the adaptive immune response is central to viral control, roles of the innate immune cells are less prominent. We explored monocyte transcriptome in these different phases of HBV infection to understand the nature of its involvement and identify unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each phase. CD14+ peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from patients in the IT, IC, and IN phases and from healthy subjects and their RNA was sequenced. The significant DEGs were studied through gene annotation databases to understand differentially modulated pathways. The DEGs were further validated by qRT-PCR to identify genes that were uniquely expressed in each phase. It was found that TNFRSF12A was upregulated in all the HBV samples. The IN phase had six uniquely upregulated genes, i.e., PI3, EMP1, STX1A, RRAD, SPINK1, and SNORD3B-2. E2F7 was most consistently downregulated in the IT phase, and in the IC phase, IL23A and PI3 were specifically downregulated. Cut-off values were generated by ROC curve analysis to differentiate between the groups based on their expression levels. The monocyte functions are majorly suppressed in the IT and IC phases and are, however, somewhat metabolically active in the IN phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vaishali Bhardwaj
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Ram Mahohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Kshama Jain
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Chaudhary
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Dr. Ram Mahohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Srivastava M, Bhukya PL, Barman MK, Bhise N, Lole KS. Modulation of cellular autophagy by genotype 1 hepatitis E virus ORF3 protein. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 36809248 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) egresses from infected hepatocytes as quasienveloped particles containing open reading frame 3 (ORF3) protein. HEV ORF3 (small phosphoprotein) interacts with host proteins to establish a favourable environment for virus replication. It is a functional viroporin that plays an important role during virus release. Our study provides evidence that pORF3 plays a pivotal role in inducing Beclin1-mediated autophagy that helps HEV-1 replication as well as its exit from cells. The ORF3 interacts with host proteins involved in regulation of transcriptional activity, immune response, cellular and molecular processes, and modulation of autophagy, by interacting with proteins, DAPK1, ATG2B, ATG16L2 and also several histone deacetylases (HDACs). For autophagy induction, the ORF3 utilizes non-canonical NF-κB2 pathway and sequesters p52NF-κB and HDAC2 to upregulate DAPK1 expression, leading to enhanced Beclin1 phosphorylation. By sequestering several HDACs, HEV may prevent histone deacetylation to maintain overall cellular transcription intact to promote cell survival. Our findings highlight a novel crosstalk between cell survival pathways participating in ORF3-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prudhvi Lal Bhukya
- Division of Hepatitis, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
- ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Neha Bhise
- Division of Hepatitis, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Kavita S Lole
- Division of Hepatitis, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Reviewing the Potential Links between Viral Infections and TDP-43 Proteinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021581. [PMID: 36675095 PMCID: PMC9867397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) was discovered in 2001 as a cellular factor capable to inhibit HIV-1 gene expression. Successively, it was brought to new life as the most prevalent RNA-binding protein involved in several neurological disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Despite the fact that these two research areas could be considered very distant from each other, in recent years an increasing number of publications pointed out the existence of a potentially important connection. Indeed, the ability of TDP-43 to act as an important regulator of all aspects of RNA metabolism makes this protein also a critical factor during expression of viral RNAs. Here, we summarize all recent observations regarding the involvement of TDP-43 in viral entry, replication and latency in several viruses that include enteroviruses (EVs), Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), West Nile virus (WNV), and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV). In particular, in this work, we aimed to highlight the presence of similarities with the most commonly studied TDP-43 related neuronal dysfunctions.
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Yuan S, Xu J, Wang M, Huang J, Ma S, Liu Y, Ke Y, Zeng X, Wu K, Wang J, Tian X, Zheng D, Yousaf T, Naz W, Sun J, Chen L, Guo D, Guo M, Sun G. HBV X Protein Induces Degradation of UBXN7, a Novel Negative Regulator of NF-κB Signaling, to Promote HBV Replication. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:179-195. [PMID: 36096451 PMCID: PMC9676396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the function and mechanism of the effect of HBV on host protein ubiquitination remain largely unknown. We aimed at characterizing whether and how HBV promotes self-replication by affecting host protein ubiquitination. In this study, we identified UBXN7, a novel inhibitor for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, was degraded via interaction with HBV X protein (HBx) to activate NF-κB signaling and autophagy, thereby affecting HBV replication. The expression of UBXN7 was analyzed by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in HBV-transfected hepatoma cells and HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes (PHHs). The effects of UBXN7 on HBV replication were analyzed by using in vitro and in vivo assays, including stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) analysis. Changes in HBV replication and the associated molecular mechanisms were analyzed in hepatoma cell lines. SILAC analyses showed that the ubiquitination of UBXN7 was significantly increased in HepG2.2.15 cells compared with control cells. After HBV infection, HBx protein interacted with UBXN7 to promote K48-linked ubiquitination of UBXN7 at K99, leading to UBXN7 degradation. On the other hand, UBXN7 interacted with the ULK domain of IκB kinase β through its ubiquitin-associating domain to facilitate its degradation. This in turn reduced NF-κB signaling, leading to reduced autophagy and consequently decreased HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yuan
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Junsong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Ke
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xianhuang Zeng
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Kangwei Wu
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xuezhang Tian
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Zheng
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tanzeel Yousaf
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wajeeha Naz
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Sun
- Department of Hepatic & Biliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Hubei Cancer Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lang Chen
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Deyin Guo
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China; Ecological Research Center, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, P.R. China.
| | - Guihong Sun
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, P.R. China.
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Breikaa RM, Lilly B. The Notch Pathway: A Link Between COVID-19 Pathophysiology and Its Cardiovascular Complications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:681948. [PMID: 34124207 PMCID: PMC8187573 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.681948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with a large number of cardiovascular sequelae, including dysrhythmias, myocardial injury, myocarditis and thrombosis. The Notch pathway is one likely culprit leading to these complications due to its direct role in viral entry, inflammation and coagulation processes, all shown to be key parts of COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review highlights links between the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV2 and the Notch signaling pathway that serve as primary drivers of the cardiovascular complications seen in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa M. Breikaa
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brenda Lilly
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Li L, Tang P, Zhou Z, Wang Q, Xu T, Zhao S, Huang Y, Kong F, Liu W, Cheng L, Zhou Z, Zhao X, Gu C, Luo Y, Tao G, Qian D, Chen J, Fan J, Yin G. GIT1 regulates angiogenic factor secretion in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via NF-κB/Notch signalling to promote angiogenesis. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12689. [PMID: 31502302 PMCID: PMC6869488 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Osteogenesis is coupled with angiogenesis during bone remodelling. G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2‐interacting protein‐1 (GIT1) is an important protein that participates in fracture healing by regulating angiogenesis. This study investigated whether GIT1 could affect bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to secrete angiogenic factors to enhance fracture healing by promoting angiogenesis and its possible mechanism. Materials and methods The angiogenesis of mice post‐fracture was detected by micro‐CT and immunofluorescence. Subsequently, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in mouse and human BMSCs (hBMSCs) under TNF‐α stimulation was detected. The hBMSCs were transfected with GIT1 shRNAs to further explore the relationship between GIT1 and VEGF and angiogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, based on previous research on GIT1, possible signal pathways were investigated. Results GIT1 knockout mice exhibited impaired angiogenesis and delayed fracture healing. And GIT1 deficiency remarkably reduced the expression of VEGF mRNA in BMSCs, which affected the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. GIT1 knockdown inhibited the activation of Notch and NF‐κB signals by decreasing nuclear transportation of NICD and P65/P50, respectively. Overexpression of the canonical NF‐κB subunits P65 and P50 markedly increased NICD‐dependent activation of recombination signal‐binding protein‐jκ reporter. Finally, GIT1 enhanced the affinity of NF‐κB essential modulator (NEMO) for K63‐linked ubiquitin chains via interaction with NEMO coiled‐coil 2 domains. Conclusion These data revealed a positive role for GIT1 by modulating the Notch/NF‐κB signals which promoting paracrine of BMSCs to enhance angiogenesis and fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Li
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengyu Tang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fanqi Kong
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhimin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjiang Gu
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjun Luo
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaojian Tao
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingfei Qian
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang X, Huo B, Liu J, Huang X, Zhang S, Feng T. Hepatitis B virus X reduces hepatocyte apoptosis and promotes cell cycle progression through the Akt/mTOR pathway in vivo. Gene 2019; 691:87-95. [PMID: 30630095 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X (HBx), a viral onco-protein encoded by HBV, can promote oncogenesis of HCC. However, the mechanism of HBx in hepatocarcinogenesis is still unclear. In this study, we establish a new mouse model with normal immune system to investigate the role of HBx and its functional mechanisms under normal immune function. The animal model was established by injecting HBx-EGFP-14-19 cells into the hepatic portal vein of KM mice. To verify the mouse model, the expression of HBx in the liver tissue of mice was detected by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The apoptosis index was calculated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the expression levels of apoptosis-related and cell cycle-related factors were measured. Moreover, expression of proteins in the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway was detected in HBx-EGFP-14-19 mice with and without use of an Akt inhibitor. The results showed the HBx was successfully overexpressed in liver of KM mice. After overexpressing HBx, the apoptosis index was downregulated in HBx-EGFP-14-19 liver tissue, and the expression levels of caspase-9 and Bad were reduced, but Bcl-xl was increased in HBx-EGFP-14-19 liver tissue. Overexpression of HBx increased the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), cyclinD1 and cyclinE. Moreover, compared with the low-level HBx group, p-Akt and p-mTOR were increased in the livers of mice with high levels of HBx. However, inactivation of apoptosis by overexpression of HBx was abolished by the treatment with an Akt inhibitor. These results indicate that HBx can induce anti-apoptosis mechanisms in hepatocytes in vivo, which is mediated by the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bennian Huo
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Siyao Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Meier-Stephenson V, Bremner WTR, Dalton CS, van Marle G, Coffin CS, Patel TR. Comprehensive Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Promoter Region Mutations. Viruses 2018; 10:E603. [PMID: 30388827 PMCID: PMC6265984 DOI: 10.3390/v10110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 250 million people are infected chronically with hepatitis B virus (HBV), the leading cause of liver cancer worldwide. HBV persists, due, in part, to its compact, stable minichromosome, the covalently-closed, circular DNA (cccDNA), which resides in the hepatocytes' nuclei. Current therapies target downstream replication products, however, a true virological cure will require targeting the cccDNA. Finding targets on such a small, compact genome is challenging. For HBV, to remain replication-competent, it needs to maintain nucleotide fidelity in key regions, such as the promoter regions, to ensure that it can continue to utilize the necessary host proteins. HBVdb (HBV database) is a repository of HBV sequences spanning all genotypes (A⁻H) amplified from clinical samples, and hence implying an extensive collection of replication-competent viruses. Here, we analyzed the HBV sequences from HBVdb using bioinformatics tools to comprehensively assess the HBV core and X promoter regions amongst the nearly 70,000 HBV sequences for highly-conserved nucleotides and variant frequencies. Notably, there is a high degree of nucleotide conservation within specific segments of these promoter regions highlighting their importance in potential host protein-viral interactions and thus the virus' viability. Such findings may have key implications for designing antivirals to target these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Meier-Stephenson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Alberta RNA Research & Training Institute, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - William T R Bremner
- Department of Ecosystem & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Chimone S Dalton
- Department of Ecosystem & Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Guido van Marle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Carla S Coffin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Alberta RNA Research & Training Institute, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada.
- DiscoveryLab, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Choi JH, Jeong H, Jang KL. Hepatitis B virus X protein suppresses all-trans retinoic acid-induced apoptosis in human hepatocytes by repressing p14 expression via DNA methylation. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2786-2798. [PMID: 29068287 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, is known to activate p14 expression via promoter hypermethylation to induce p53-dependent apoptosis in human hepatocytes. In this study, we found that the oncogenic hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) of HBV, derived from both overexpression and 1.2-mer replicon systems, suppresses ATRA-induced apoptosis in p53-positive human hepatocytes. For this effect, HBx upregulated both protein and enzyme activity levels of DNA methyltransferase 1, 3a and 3b, in the presence of ATRA and thereby inhibited p14 expression via promoter hypermethylation, resulting in inactivation of the p14-mouse double minute 2 pathway and subsequent downregulation of p53 levels. As a result, HBx was able to impair the potential of ATRA to activate apoptosis-related molecules, including Bax, p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis, caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In conclusion, the present study provides a new oncogenic action mechanism of HBx, namely by suppressing the anticancer potential of ATRA to induce p53-dependent apoptosis in HBV-infected hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Lib Jang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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10
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Wang R, Sun Q, Wang P, Liu M, Xiong S, Luo J, Huang H, Du Q, Geller DA, Cheng B. Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway play important roles in activating liver cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5754-68. [PMID: 26735577 PMCID: PMC4868719 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is driven and maintained by liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) that display stem cell properties. These LCSCs are promoted by the intersecting of Notch and Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways. In this study, we demonstrate that LCSCs with markers CD90, CD24, CD13, and CD133 possess stem properties of self-renewal and tumorigenicity in NOD/SCID mice. The increased expression of these markers was correlated with advanced disease stage, larger tumors, and worse overall survival in 61 HCC cases. We also found that both Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways played important roles in increasing the stem-ness characteristics of LCSCs. Our data suggested that Notch1 was downstream of Wnt/β-catenin. The active form of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) expression depended on Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Moreover, Notch1 negatively contributed to Wnt/β-catenin signaling modulation. Knock down of Notch1 with lentivirus N1ShRNA up-regulated the active form of β-catenin. Ectopic expression of NICD with LV-Notch1 in LCSCs attenuated β-catenin/TCF dependent luciferase activity significantly. In addition, there was a non-proteasome mediated feedback loop between Notch1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in LCSCs. The central role of Notch and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in LCSCs may provide an attractive therapeutic strategy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A Geller
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kong F, Hu W, Zhou K, Wei X, Kou Y, You H, Zheng K, Tang R. Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes interleukin-7 receptor expression via NF-κB and Notch1 pathway to facilitate proliferation and migration of hepatitis B virus-related hepatoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:172. [PMID: 27821177 PMCID: PMC5100324 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) is involved in the abnormal function of solid tumors, but the role and regulatory mechanisms of IL-7R in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still unclear. Methods Gene and protein expression levels of IL-7R were examined in hepatoma cells transfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) plasmids and in hepatoma cells transfected with the multifunctional nonstructural protein X (HBX). The expression of HBX and IL-7R was measured by immunohistochemical analysis in HBV-related HCC tissues. The role of NF-κB and Notch1 pathways in HBX-mediated expression of IL-7R in hepatoma cells was examined. Activation of IL-7R downstream of intracellular signaling proteins AKT, JNK, STAT5, and the associated molecules CyclinD1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP)-9, was assessed in HBX-positive cells with or without treatment with IL-7R short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Additionally, the role of IL-7R in HBX-mediated proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells was investigated. Results The expression of IL-7R was increased in hepatoma cells transfected with HBV plasmids; HBX was responsible for the HBV-mediated upregulation of IL-7R. Compared to adjacent tissues, the expression of HBX and IL-7R was increased in HBV-related HCC tissues. Additionally, the relative expression levels of HBX were associated with IL-7R in HBV-related HCC tissues. The activation of NF-κB pathways and expression of Notch1 were increased in hepatoma cells transfected with HBX, and inhibition of NF-κB and Notch1 pathways significantly decreased HBX-mediated expression of IL-7R. The activation of AKT and JNK and the expression of CyclinD1 and MMP-9 were increased in HBX-positive cells. When cells were treated with IL-7R shRNA, the activation of AKT and JNK, as well as the expression of CyclinD1 and MMP-9, were significantly inhibited. Additionally, IL-7R was responsible for HBX-induced proliferation and migration ability of hepatoma cells. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that HBX can upregulate IL-7R via NF-κB and Notch1 pathways to facilitate the activation of intracellular pathways and expression of associated molecules, and contribute to proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyun Kong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suqian People's Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group, Suqian, Jiangsu, 223800, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Yanbo Kou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Hongjuan You
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.
| | - Renxian Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.
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12
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Kunanopparat A, Kimkong I, Palaga T, Tangkijvanich P, Sirichindakul B, Hirankarn N. Increased ATG5-ATG12 in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and their role in apoptosis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8361-8374. [PMID: 27729742 PMCID: PMC5055866 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i37.8361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate autophagy-related genes, particularly ATG12, in apoptosis and cell cycle in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-HBV-HCC cell lines.
METHODS The expression of autophagy-related genes in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and non-HBV-HCC cell lines and human liver tissues was examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The silencing of target genes was used to examine the function of various genes in apoptosis and cell cycle progression.
RESULTS The expression of autophagy related genes ATG5, ATG12, ATG9A and ATG4B expression was analyzed in HepG2.2.15 cells and compared with HepG2 and THLE cells. We found that ATG5 and ATG12 mRNA expression was significantly increased in HepG2.2.15 cells compared to HepG2 cells (P < 0.005). Moreover, ATG5-ATG12 protein levels were increased in tumor liver tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues mainly from HCC patients with HBV infection. We also analyzed the function of ATG12 in cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased by 11.4% in ATG12-silenced HepG2.2.15 cells (P < 0.005) but did not change in ATG12-silenced HepG2 cells under starvation with Earle’s balanced salt solution. However, the combination blockade of Notch signaling and ATG12 decreased the apoptotic rate of HepG2.2.15 cells from 55.6% to 50.4% (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION ATG12 is important for HBV-associated apoptosis and a potential drug target for HBV-HCC. Combination inhibition of ATG12/Notch signaling had no additional effect on HepG2.2.15 apoptosis.
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13
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Nus M, Martínez-Poveda B, MacGrogan D, Chevre R, D'Amato G, Sbroggio M, Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J, Andrés V, Hidalgo A, de la Pompa JL. Endothelial Jag1-RBPJ signalling promotes inflammatory leucocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 112:568-580. [PMID: 27496872 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the role of NOTCH during the arterial injury response and the subsequent chronic arterial-wall inflammation underlying atherosclerosis. Methods and results We have generated a mouse model of endothelial-specific (Cdh5-driven) depletion of the Notch effector recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ) [(ApoE-/-); homozygous RBPJk conditional mice (RBPJflox/flox); Cadherin 5-CreERT, tamoxifen inducible driver mice (Cdh5-CreERT)]. Endothelial-specific deletion of RBPJ or systemic deletion of Notch1 in athero-susceptible ApoE-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol diet for 6 weeks resulted in reduced atherosclerosis in the aortic arch and sinus. Intravital microscopy revealed decreased leucocyte rolling on the endothelium of ApoE-/-; RBPJflox/flox; Cdh5-CreERT mice, correlating with a lowered content of leucocytes and macrophages in the vascular wall. Transcriptome analysis revealed down-regulation of proinflammatory and endothelial activation pathways in atherosclerotic tissue of RBPJ-mutant mice. During normal Notch activation, Jagged1 signalling up-regulation in endothelial cells promotes nuclear translocation of the Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) and its physical interaction with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). This N1ICD-NF-κB interaction is required for reciprocal transactivation of target genes, including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Conclusions Notch signalling pathway inactivation decreases leucocyte rolling, thereby preventing endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. Attenuation of Notch signalling might provide a treatment strategy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Nus
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, West Forvie Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Donal MacGrogan
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Chevre
- Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaetano D'Amato
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauro Sbroggio
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), IIB Sant Pau. Sant Antoni María Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), IIB Sant Pau. Sant Antoni María Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Imaging Cardiovascular Inflammation and the Immune Response Laboratory, CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstr. 9, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Kongkavitoon P, Tangkijvanich P, Hirankarn N, Palaga T. Hepatitis B Virus HBx Activates Notch Signaling via Delta-Like 4/Notch1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146696. [PMID: 26766040 PMCID: PMC4713073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis virus B (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). HBx protein encoded in HBV genome is one of the key viral factors leading to malignant transformation of infected cells. HBx functions by interfering with cellular functions, causing aberration in cellular behaviour and transformation. Notch signalling is a well-conserved pathway involved in cellular differentiation, cell survival and cell death operating in various types of cells. Aberration in the Notch signalling pathways is linked to various tumors, including HCC. The role of HBx on the Notch signalling in HCC, however, is still controversial. In this study, we reported that HBV genome-containing HCC cell line HepG2 (HepG2.2.15) expressed higher Notch1 and Delta-like 4 (Dll4), compared to the control HepG2 without HBV genome. This upregulation coincided with increased appearance of the cleavage of Notch1, indicating constitutively activated Notch signalling. Silencing of HBx specifically reduced the level of Dll4 and cleaved Notch1. The increase in Dll4 level was confirmed in clinical specimens of HCC lesion, in comparison with non-tumor lesions. Using specific signalling pathway inhibitors, we found that MEK1/2, PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways are critical for HBx-mediated Dll4 upregulation. Silencing of HBx clearly decreased the level of phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2. Upon silencing of Dll4 in HepG2.2.15, decreased cleaved Notch1, increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were observed, suggesting a critical role of HBx-Dll4-Notch1 axis in regulating cell survival in HCC. Furthermore, clonogenic assay confirmed the important role of Dll4 in regulating cell survival of HBV-genome containing HCC cell line. Taken together, we reported a link between HBx and the Notch signalling in HCC that affects cell survival of HCC, which can be a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornrat Kongkavitoon
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Research Unit of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (TP); (NH)
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (TP); (NH)
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15
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Gao J, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zheng G, Xu H. Hepatitis B virus X protein activates Notch signaling by its effects on Notch1 and Notch4 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:329-37. [PMID: 26530164 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated expression of Notch receptors and abnormal activity of Notch signaling have been observed in a growing number of malignant tumors, however, the expression and activity of Notch in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their relationship with HBV X protein (HBx) are still not fully elucidated. To address this, we examined the overall expression of Notch receptors in HBV-associated HCC tissues, analyzed their relationship with HBx, and further investigated the role of Notch signaling in HBx stable transfected HepG2 cells (HepG2X). The results showed that Notch signaling could be activated by HBx in HepG2 cells. The expression of cytoplasmic Notch1 or nuclear Notch4 was correlated with the expression of HBx in HBV-associated HCC tissues. The expression of cytoplasmic Notch1 or nuclear Notch4 could also be upregulated by HBx in HepG2X cells. The upregulation of Notch1 by HBx was through p38 MAPK pathway. Moreover, HBx was found to directly interact with Notch1, whereas, not with Notch4 in HepG2X cells. Suppression of Notch signaling by γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) decreased cell growth, blocked cell cycle progression and induced cell apoptosis in HepG2X cells. The present study indicates that HBx activates Notch signaling by its effects on Notch1 and Notch4, and therefore, recruits Notch signaling as a downstream pathway contributing to its carcinogenic role in HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Xiong
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Zheng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hualin Xu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command PLA, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
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16
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Geng M, Xin X, Bi LQ, Zhou LT, Liu XH. Molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus X protein function in hepatocarcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10732-10738. [PMID: 26478665 PMCID: PMC4600575 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i38.10732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many factors are considered to contribute to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including products of HBV, HBV integration and mutation, and host susceptibility. HBV X protein (HBx) can interfere with several signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation and invasion, and HBx C-terminal truncation has been suggested to impact the development of HCC. This review focuses on the pathological functions of HBx in HBV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. As a transactivator, HBx can affect regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long ncRNAs. HBx is also involved in epigenetic modification and DNA repair. HBx interacts with various signal-transduction pathways, such as the p53, Wnt, and nuclear factor-κB pathways. We conclude that HBx hastens the development of hepatoma.
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17
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Rhein Elicits In Vitro Cytotoxicity in Primary Human Liver HL-7702 Cells by Inducing Apoptosis through Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26221172 PMCID: PMC4484835 DOI: 10.1155/2015/329831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To study rhein-induced apoptosis signaling pathway and to investigate its molecular mechanisms in primary human hepatic cells. Results. Cell viability of HL-7702 cells treated with rhein showed significant decrease in dose-dependent manner. Following rhein treatment (25 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM) for 12 h, the detection of apoptotic cells was significantly analyzed by flow cytometry and nuclear morphological changes by Hoechst 33258, respectively. Fatty degeneration studies showed upregulation level of the relevant hepatic markers (P < 0.01). Caspase activities expressed significant upregulation of caspase-3, caspase-9, and caspase-8. Moreover, apoptotic cells by rhein were significantly inhibited by Z-LEHD-FMK and Z-DEVD-FMK, caspase-9 inhibitor, and caspase-3 inhibitor, respectively. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by fluorometry. Additionally, NAC, a ROS scavenger, significantly attenuated rhein-induced oxidative damage in HL-7702 cells. Furthermore, real-time qPCR results showed significant upregulation of p53, PUMA, Apaf-1, and Casp-9 and Casp-3 mRNA, with no significant changes of Fas and Cytochrome-c. Immunoblotting revealed significant Cytochrome-c release from mitochondria into cytosol and no change in Fas expression. Conclusion. Taken together, these observations suggested that rhein could induce apoptosis in HL-7702 cells via mitochondria-mediated signal pathway with involvement of oxidative stress mechanism.
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18
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Tang J, Zhuo H, Zhang X, Jiang R, Ji J, Deng L, Qian X, Zhang F, Sun B. A novel biomarker Linc00974 interacting with KRT19 promotes proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1549. [PMID: 25476897 PMCID: PMC4649834 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Location-associated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) was reported to interact with target protein via a cis-regulatory process especially for the Flank10kb class lncRNA. Based on this theory, we aimed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of Linc00974 and KRT19 (an lncRNA beyond the Flank10kb class with protein) when we first confirmed the aberrant expression in hepatocellular carcinoma in a previous study. Knockdown of Linc00974 resulted in an inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion with an activation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro, which was also validated by a subcutaneous and tail vein/intraperitoneal injection xenotransplantation model in vivo. We further investigated the interaction pattern of Linc00974 and KRT19. MiR-642 was identified, by acting as the competing endogenous RNA in regulating Linc00974 and KRT19. Linc00974 was increased owing to an abnormal hypomethylation promoter, which induced the upregulation of KRT19 via ceRNA interaction, resulting in the activation of the Notch and TGF-β pathways as detected by cDNA microarray. We also discovered Linc00974F-1 stably expressed in the plasma. By the combined analysis of Linc00974F-1 with CYFRA21-1, we found that these joint indicators predicted growth and metastasis of tumor in HCC patients. In conclusion, the combination of Linc00974 and KRT19 may be novel indices for clinical diagnosis of tumor growth and metastasis in HCC, while Linc00974 may become a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - H Zhuo
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - X Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - R Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - J Ji
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - L Deng
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - X Qian
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - F Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - B Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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19
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Zhang XD, Wang Y, Ye LH. Hepatitis B virus X protein accelerates the development of hepatoma. Cancer Biol Med 2014; 11:182-90. [PMID: 25364579 PMCID: PMC4197427 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is closely related to the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Accumulated evidence has shown that HBV X protein (HBx protein) is a multifunctional regulator with a crucial role in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, information on the mechanism by which HBV induces HCC is lacking. This review focuses on the pathological functions of HBx in HBV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. As a transactivator, HBx can modulate nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and transcription factor AP-2. Moreover, HBx can affect regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), such as miRNA-205 and highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC), respectively. HBx is also involved in epigenetic modification, including methylation and acetylation. HBx interacts with various signal-transduction pathways, such as protein kinase B/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, signal transducer and activator of transcription, and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, HBx affects cellular fate by shifting the balance toward cell survival. HBx may lead to the loss of apoptotic functions or directly contributes to oncogenesis by achieving transforming functions, which induce hepatocarcinogenesis. Additionally, HBx can modulate apoptosis and immune response by direct or indirect interaction with host factors. We conclude that HBx hastens the development of hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Zhang
- 1 Department of Cancer Research, 2 Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- 1 Department of Cancer Research, 2 Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li-Hong Ye
- 1 Department of Cancer Research, 2 Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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20
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Sun Q, Wang R, Luo J, Wang P, Xiong S, Liu M, Cheng B. Notch1 promotes hepatitis B virus X protein-induced hepatocarcinogenesis via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1638-48. [PMID: 25017705 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via a network of signaling pathways. Notch pathway is a major member of the network. Notch signaling may generate opposing effect in different steps of carcinogenesis, depending on the tumor cell type and the status of other signaling pathways, such as Wnt signaling pathway. Our previous studies have shown that activated Notch1 signaling is required for HBx to promote proliferation and survival of human hepatic cell line L02. However, the exact mechanisms remain vague. Here, we used L02/HBx cell lines as a cell model to study the relationship between Notch and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in promoting proliferation. We observed that activated Notch1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and L02 cell malignant transformation were induced by HBx. Inhibition of the Notch1 pathway decreased the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and cell proliferation, while inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway impaired cell proliferation, but did not significantly affect Notch1 signaling pathway in L02/HBx cells. Furthermore, inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway overcame the inhibition effect of knockdown Notch1 on proliferation and survival in L02/HBx cells. Additionally, the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears to be consistent with Fzd10 expression. Therefore, we demonstrate that Wnt signaling is downstream of the Notch pathway in regulating proliferation of L02/HBx cells, and which may be related to Fzd10 instead of Fzd7. These data suggest a new model of HBx-related HCC via cooperation between Wnt and Notch pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Si Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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21
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Notch1 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human hepatitis B virus X protein-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:933-9. [PMID: 24336972 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer with increasing worldwide incidence, and there are few therapeutics options available for patients with HCC. Thus, novel therapeutic targets for this disease are desperately needed. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major risk factor for the development of HCC, while hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is essential for HBV-associated HCC. Based on our previous studies showing that HBx promoted hepatocarcinogenesis of the human non-tumor hepatic cell line L02 and activated Notch1 signaling, Notch1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was utilized to inhibit Notch1 mRNA in the present study. We observed that Notch1 shRNA inhibited cell proliferation together with decreased activity of the Notch1 pathway in vitro, and also markedly suppressed tumor formation of L02/HBx cells in a BALB/c nude mouse model in vivo. Furthermore, the blockade of Notch1 was capable of arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase through the downregulation of CyclinD1, CDK4, E2F1 and the upregulation of p21 and Rb, while all of these factors were involved in the CyclinD1/CDK4 pathway. Inhibition of Notch1 by shRNA markedly promoted the apoptosis of L02/HBx cells via the caspase-9-caspase-3 pathway. These data suggest that inhibition of Notch1 impairs the growth of human HBx-transformed L02 cells, and Notch1 may be a putative therapeutic target for human HBx-associated HCC.
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Huang Q, Zhang J, Peng S, Du M, Ow S, Pu H, Pan C, Shen H. Proteomic analysis of perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced apoptosis in human hepatic cells using the iTRAQ technique. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:1342-51. [PMID: 24301089 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the most commonly used perfluorinated compounds, whose environmental exposure has been associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PFOS toxicity are still not well elucidated. In the present study, we applied iTRAQ labeling quantitative proteomic technology to investigate the differential protein expression profiles of non-tumor human hepatic cells (L-02) exposed to PFOS. A total of 18 proteins were differentially expressed in a dose-dependent manner in PFOS-treated cells versus the control. Among these, 11 proteins were up-regulated and 7 were down-regulated. Gene ontology analysis indicated that PFOS would exert toxic effects on L-02 cells by affecting multiple biological processes, including protein biosynthesis and degradation, mRNA processing and splicing, transcription, signal transduction and transport. Furthermore, the proteomic results especially proposed that the inhibition of HNRNPC, HUWE1 and UBQLN1, as well as the induction of PAF1 is involved in the activation of the p53 and c-myc signaling pathways, which then trigger the apoptotic process in L-02 cells exposed to PFOS. Overall, these data will aid our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for PFOS-mediated hepatotoxicity, and develop useful biomarkers for monitoring and evaluating PFOS contamination in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Huang Q, Zhang J, Martin FL, Peng S, Tian M, Mu X, Shen H. Perfluorooctanoic acid induces apoptosis through the p53-dependent mitochondrial pathway in human hepatic cells: a proteomic study. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:211-20. [PMID: 24035753 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the most commonly used perfluorinated compounds, and exposure to it has been associated with a number of adverse health effects. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PFOA toxicity are still not well characterized. In the present study, flow cytometry analysis revealed that PFOA induced oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human non-tumor hepatic cells (L-02). Furthermore, we investigated the alterations in protein profile within L-02 cells exposed to PFOA, aiming to explore the mechanisms underlying PFOA hepatotoxicity on the proteome level. Of the 28 proteins showing significant differential expression in response to PFOA, 24 were down-regulated and 4 were up-regulated. This proteomic study proposed that the inhibition of some proteins, including GRP78, HSP27, CTSD and hnRNPC may be involved in the activation of p53, which consequently triggered the apoptotic process in L-02 cells. Induction of apoptosis via the p53-dependent mitochondrial pathway is further suggested as one of the key toxicological events occurring in L-02 cells under PFOA stress. We hope these data will shed new light on the molecular mechanisms responsible for PFOA-mediated toxicity in human liver cells, and from such studies useful biomarkers indicative of PFOA exposure could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
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