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Ding L, Wang Y, Tang Z, Ni C, Zhang Q, Zhai Q, Liang C, Li J. Exploration of vitamin D metabolic activity-related biological effects and corresponding therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:17. [PMID: 38566155 PMCID: PMC10988890 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have unequivocally demonstrated that the vitamin D (VD) metabolism pathway significantly influences prognosis and sensitivity to hormone therapy in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS We performed molecular profiling of 1045 PCa patients, leveraging genes linked to VD synthesis and VD receptors. We then identified highly variable gene modules with substantial associations with patient stratification. Subsequently, we intersected these modules with differentially expressed genes between PCa and adjacent paracancerous tissues. Following a meticulous process involving single-factor regression and LASSO regression to eliminate extraneous variables and construct a prognostic model. Within the high-risk subgroup defined by the calculated risk score, we analyzed their differences in cell infiltration, immune status, mutation landscape, and drug sensitivity. Finally, we selected Apolipoprotein E (APOE), which featured prominently in this model for further experimental exploration to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. RESULTS The prognostic model established in this study had commendable predictive efficacy. We observed diminished infiltration of various T-cell subtypes and reduced expression of co-stimulatory signals from antigen-presenting cells. Mutation analysis revealed that the high-risk cohort harbored a higher frequency of mutations in the TP53 and FOXA genes. Notably, drug sensitivity analysis suggested the heightened responsiveness of high-risk patients to molecular inhibitors targeting the Bcl-2 and MAPK pathways. Finally, our investigation also confirmed that APOE upregulates the proliferative and invasive capacity of PCa cells and concurrently enhances resistance to androgen receptor antagonist therapy. CONCLUSION This comprehensive study elucidated the potential mechanisms through which this metabolic pathway orchestrates the biological behavior of PCa and findings hold promise in advancing the development of combination therapies in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, 214023, Suqian, China
| | - Zhentao Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China
| | - Chenbo Ni
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China
| | - Qidi Zhai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210009, Nanjing,, China.
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2
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Raber J, Sharpton TJ. Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:634-644. [PMID: 37607587 PMCID: PMC10953489 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing research links the gut microbiome to neurodegenerative disorders. The gut microbiome communicates with the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis and affects behavioral and cognitive phenotypes. Dysbiosis (a dysfunctional microbiome) drives increased intestinal permeability and inflammation that can negatively affect the brain via the gut-brain axis. Healthier metabolic and lipid profiles and cognitive phenotypes are observed in individuals with more distinct microbiomes. In this review, we discuss the role of the gut microbiome and gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease and related animal models, in cancer and cancer treatments, and in metabolic syndrome. We also discuss strategies to improve the gut microbiome and ultimately brain function. Because healthier cognitive phenotypes are observed in individuals with more distinct microbiomes, increased efforts are warranted to develop therapeutic strategies for those at increased risk of developing neurological disorders and patients diagnosed with those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, Oregon
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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3
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A Novel Four Mitochondrial Respiration-Related Signature for Predicting Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020654. [PMID: 36675580 PMCID: PMC9866444 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The biochemical recurrence (BCR) of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy is high, and mitochondrial respiration is reported to be associated with the metabolism in PCa development. This study aimed to establish a mitochondrial respiratory gene-based risk model to predict the BCR of PCa. RNA sequencing data of PCa were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and mitochondrial respiratory-related genes (MRGs) were sourced via GeneCards. The differentially expressed mitochondrial respiratory and BCR-related genes (DE-MR-BCRGs) were acquired through overlapping BCR-related differentially expressed genes (BCR-DEGs) and differentially expressed MRGs (DE-MRGs) between PCa samples and controls. Further, univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to construct a DE-MRGs-based risk model. Then, a nomogram was established by analyzing the independent prognostic factor of five clinical features and risk scores. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), tumor microenvironment, and drug susceptibility analyses were employed between high- and low-risk groups of PCa patients with BCR. Finally, qRT-PCR was utilized to validate the expression of prognostic genes. We identified 11 DE-MR-BCRGs by overlapping 132 DE-MRGs and 13 BCR-DEGs and constructed a risk model consisting of 4 genes (APOE, DNAH8, EME2, and KIF5A). Furthermore, we established an accurate nomogram, including a risk score and a Gleason score, for the BCR prediction of PCa patients. The GSEA result suggested the risk model was related to the PPAR signaling pathway, the cholesterol catabolic process, the organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process, the small molecule catabolic process, and the steroid catabolic process. Simultaneously, we found six immune cell types relevant to the risk model: resting memory CD4+ T cells, monocytes, resting mast cells, activated memory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and macrophages M2. Moreover, the risk model could affect the IC50 of 12 cancer drugs, including Lapatinib, Bicalutamide, and Embelin. Finally, qRT-PCR showed that APOE, EME2, and DNAH8 were highly expressed in PCa, while KIF5A was downregulated in PCa. Collectively, a mitochondrial respiratory gene-based nomogram including four genes and one clinical feature was established for BCR prediction in patients with PCa, which could provide novel strategies for further studies.
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4
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He Y, Chen J, Ma Y, Chen H. Apolipoproteins: New players in cancers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1051280. [PMID: 36506554 PMCID: PMC9732396 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1051280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (APOs), the primary protein moiety of lipoproteins, are known for their crucial role in lipid traffic and metabolism. Despite extensive exploration of APOs in cardiovascular diseases, their roles in cancers did not attract enough attention. Recently, research focusing on the roles of APOs in cancers has flourished. Multiple studies demonstrate the interaction of APOs with classical pathways of tumorigenesis. Besides, the dysregulation of APOs may indicate cancer occurrence and progression, thus serving as potential biomarkers for cancer patients. Herein, we summarize the mechanisms of APOs involved in the development of various cancers, their applications as cancer biomarkers and their genetic polymorphism associated with cancer risk. Additionally, we also discuss the potential anti-cancer therapies by virtue of APOs. The comprehensive review of APOs in cancers may advance the understanding of the roles of APOs in cancers and their potential mechanisms. We hope that it will provide novel clues and new therapeutic strategies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcheng He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianrui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Hongping Chen,
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5
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McGinnis GJ, Holden S, Yu B, Ransom C, Guidarelli C, De B, Diao K, Boyce D, Thomas CR, Winters-Stone K, Raber J. Association of fall rate and functional status by APOE genotype in cancer survivors after exercise intervention. Oncotarget 2022; 13:1259-1270. [PMID: 36441715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES Cancer treatment survivors often report impaired functioning and increased falls. Not all survivors experience the same symptom burden, suggesting individual susceptibilities. APOE genotype is a potential genetic risk factor for cancer treatment related side effects. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity can mitigate the effect of APOE genotype on measures of clinical interest in individuals without a history of cancer. We tested the hypothesis that APOE genotype influences cancer treatment related side effects and symptoms as well as response to exercise intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from a subsample of a study of fall prevention exercise in post-treatment female cancer survivors aged 50-75 years old (https://clinicaltrials.gov NCT01635413) were used to conduct a secondary data analysis. ApoE genotype was determined by serum sampling. Physical functioning, frequency of falls, and symptom burden were assessed using survey instruments. RESULTS Data from 126 female cancer survivors a median of 49 months out from cancer diagnosis were analyzed. ApoE4 carriers trended toward a higher fall rate at baseline (p = 0.059), but after exercise intervention had a fall rate lower than E4 non-carriers both immediately after structured intervention (p = 0.013) and after 6 months of follow up (p = 0.002). E2 carriers did not show improved measures of depressive symptoms and self-report disability after exercise intervention. E3 homozygotes showed increased self report physical activity after the 6 month exercise intervention, but E4 and E2 carriers did not. CONCLUSIONS APOE genotype may modulate cancer treatment related side effects and symptoms and response to exercise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn J McGinnis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Holden
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Betty Yu
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Charlton Ransom
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Carolyn Guidarelli
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Brian De
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Diao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Boyce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles R Thomas
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock's Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Kerri Winters-Stone
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Joint last authors
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology and Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Joint last authors
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6
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Zhou L, Fan R, Luo Y, Zhang C, Jia D, Wang R, Zeng Y, Ren M, Du K, Pan W, Yang J, Tian F, Gu C. A Metabolism-Related Gene Landscape Predicts Prostate Cancer Recurrence and Treatment Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837991. [PMID: 35359973 PMCID: PMC8960425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor in men. Although clinical treatments of PCa have made great progress in recent decades, once tolerance to treatments occurs, the disease progresses rapidly after recurrence. PCa exhibits a unique metabolic rewriting that changes from initial neoplasia to advanced neoplasia. However, systematic and comprehensive studies on the relationship of changes in the metabolic landscape of PCa with tumor recurrence and treatment response are lacking. We aimed to construct a metabolism-related gene landscape that predicts PCa recurrence and treatment response. Methods In the present study, we used differentially expressed gene analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to construct and verify a metabolism-related risk model (MRM) to predict the disease-free survival (DFS) and response to treatment for PCa patients. Results The MRM predicted patient survival more accurately than the current clinical prognostic indicators. By using two independent PCa datasets (International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) PCa and Taylor) and actual patients to test the model, we also confirmed that the metabolism-related risk score (MRS) was strongly related to PCa progression. Notably, patients in different MRS subgroups had significant differences in metabolic activity, mutant landscape, immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity. Patients in the high-MRS group were more sensitive to immunotherapy and endocrine therapy, while patients in the low-MRS group were more sensitive to chemotherapy. Conclusions We developed an MRM, which might act as a clinical feature to more accurately assess prognosis and guide the selection of appropriate treatment for PCa patients. It is promising for further application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Fan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongbo Luo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Donghui Jia
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rongli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiao tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Youmiao Zeng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengda Ren
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Du
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbang Pan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengyan Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Gu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Henan Institute of Urology and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Xi X, Wang J, Qin Y, You Y, Huang W, Zhan J. The Biphasic Effect of Flavonoids on Oxidative Stress and Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040622. [PMID: 35453307 PMCID: PMC9032920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been reported to play an essential role in modulating processes of cellular redox homeostasis such as scavenging ROS. Meanwhile, they also induce oxidative stress that exerts potent antitumor bioactivity. However, the contradiction between these two aspects still remains unclear. In this study, four typical flavonoids were selected and studied. The results showed that low-dose flavonoids slightly promoted the proliferation of breast cancer cells under normal growth via gradually reducing accumulated oxidative products and demonstrated a synergistic effect with reductants NAC or VC. Besides, low-dose flavonoids significantly reduced the content of ROS and MDA induced by LPS or Rosup but restored the activity of SOD. However, high-dose flavonoids markedly triggered the cell death via oxidative stress as evidenced by upregulated ROS, MDA and downregulated SOD activity that could be partly rescued by NAC pretreatment, which was also confirmed by antioxidative gene expression levels. The underlying mechanism of such induced cell death was pinpointed as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, accumulated mitochondrial superoxide, impaired mitochondrial function and decreased ATP synthesis. Transcriptomic analysis of apigenin and quercetin uncovered that high-dose flavonoids activated TNF-α signaling, as verified through detecting inflammatory gene levels in breast cancer cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, we identified that BRCA1 overexpression effectively attenuated such oxidative stress, inflammation and inhibited ATP synthesis induced by LPS or high dose of flavonoids possibly through repairing DNA damage, revealing an indispensable biological function of BRCA1 in resisting oxidative damage and inflammatory stimulation caused by exogenous factors.
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8
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Kacperczyk M, Kmieciak A, Kratz EM. The Role of ApoE Expression and Variability of Its Glycosylation in Human Reproductive Health in the Light of Current Information. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137197. [PMID: 34281251 PMCID: PMC8268793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a 34-kDa glycoprotein, as part of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties. The variability of ApoE expression in the course of some female fertility disorders (endometriosis, POCS), and other gynecological pathologies such as breast cancer, choriocarcinoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma/hyperplasia and ovarian cancer confirm the multidirectional biological function of ApoE, but the mechanisms of its action are not fully understood. It is also worth taking a closer look at the associations between ApoE expression, the type of its genotype and male fertility disorders. Another important issue is the variability of ApoE glycosylation. It is documented that the profile and degree of ApoE glycosylation varies depending on where it occurs, the type of body fluid and the place of its synthesis in the human body. Alterations in ApoE glycosylation have been observed in the course of diseases such as preeclampsia or breast cancer, but little is known about the characteristics of ApoE glycans analyzed in human seminal and blood serum/plasma in the context of male reproductive health. A deeper analysis of ApoE glycosylation in the context of female and male fertility will both enable us to broaden our knowledge of the biochemical and cellular mechanisms in which glycans participate, having a direct or indirect relationship with the fertilization process, and also give us a chance of contributing to the enrichment of the diagnostic panel in infertile women and men, which is particularly important in procedures involved in assisted reproductive techniques. Moreover, understanding the mechanisms of glycoprotein glycosylation related to the course of various diseases and conditions, including infertility, and the interactions between glycans and their specific ligands may provide us with an opportunity to interfere with their course and thus develop new therapeutic strategies. This brief overview details some of the recent advances, mainly from the last decade, in understanding the associations between ApoE expression and some female and male fertility problems, as well as selected female gynecological diseases and male reproductive tract disorders. We were also interested in how ApoE glycosylation changes influence biological processes in the human body, with special attention to human fertility.
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9
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Guo H, Jia X, Liu H. Based on biomedical index data: Risk prediction model for prostate cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25602. [PMID: 33907111 PMCID: PMC8084031 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT To explore the influencing factors of prostate cancer occurrence, set up risk prediction model, require reference for the preliminary diagnosis of clinical doctors, this model searched database through the data of prostate cancer patients and prostate hyperplasia patients National Clinical Medical Science Data Center.With the help of Stata SE 12.0 and SPSS 25.0 software, the biases between groups were balanced by propensity score matching. Based on the matched data, the relevant factors were further screened by stepwise logistic regression analysis, the key variable and artificial neural network model are established. The prediction accuracy of the model is evaluated by combining the probability of test set with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).After 1:2 PSM, 339 pairs were matched successfully. There are 159 cases in testing groups and 407 cases in training groups. And the regression model was P = 1 / (1 + e (0.122 ∗ age + 0.083 ∗ Apo lipoprotein C3 + 0.371 ∗ total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) -0.227 ∗ Apo lipoprotein C2-6.093 ∗ free calcium (iCa) + 0.428 ∗ Apo lipoprotein E-1.246 ∗ triglyceride-1.919 ∗ HDL cholesterol + 0.083 ∗ creatine kinase isoenzyme [CKMB])). The logistic regression model performed very well (ROC, 0.963; 95% confidence interval, 0.951 to 0.978) and artificial neural network model (ROC, 0.983; 95% confidence interval, 0.964 to 0.997). High degree of Apo lipoprotein E (Apo E) (Odds Ratio, [OR], 1.535) in blood test is a risk factor and high triglyceride (TG) (OR, 0.288) is a protective factor.It takes the biochemical examination of the case as variables to establish a risk prediction model, which can initially reflect the risk of prostate cancer and bring some references for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxu Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College
| | - Xianjie Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Biochemical Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu, China
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10
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Phang CW, Abd Malek SN, Karsani SA. Flavokawain C exhibits anti-tumor effects on in vivo HCT 116 xenograft and identification of its apoptosis-linked serum biomarkers via proteomic analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:110846. [PMID: 33761587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones and their derivatives belong to the flavonoid family. They have been extensively studied for their anticancer properties and some have been approved for clinical use. In this study, the in vivo anti-tumor activity of flavokawain C (FKC), a naturally occurring chalcone found in Kava (Piper methysticum Forst) was evaluated in HCT 116 cells (colon carcinoma). We also attempted to identify potential biomarkers and/or molecular targets in serum with applicability in predicting treatment outcome. The anti-tumor effects and toxicity of FKC were assessed using the xenograft nude mice model. Cisplatin was used as positive control. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities were then evaluated in tumor tissues treated with FKC. Furthermore, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by protein identification using MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS was performed to compare the serum proteome profiles between healthy nude mice and nude mice bearing HCT 116 tumor treated with vehicle solution and FKC, respectively. Our results showed that FKC treatment significantly inhibited HCT 116 tumor growth. In vivo toxicity studies showed that administration of FKC did not cause damage to major organs and had no significant effect on body weight. FKC was found to induce apoptosis in tumor, and this was associated with increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and decreased expression of Ki67 in tumor tissues. Our proteomic analysis identified five proteins that changed in abundance - Ig mu chain C region (secreted form), GRP78, hemopexin, kininogen-1 and apolipoprotein E. Overall, our findings demonstrated the potential of FKC as an anti-cancer agent for the treatment of colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Weng Phang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sri Nurestri Abd Malek
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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11
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Chen P, Zhang YL, Xue B, Xu GY. Association of Caveolin-1 Expression With Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:562774. [PMID: 33489874 PMCID: PMC7820696 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.562774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The prognostic value of caveolin-1 in prostate cancer remains uncertain. Hence, this meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of caveolin-1 in prostate cancer, as well as ascertain the relationship between caveolin-1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer patients. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Biology Medicine databases were electronically searched to retrieve published studies on caveolin-1 expression in prostate cancer. After study selection and data extraction, the meta-analysis was conducted using Review manager 5.3 software. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the pooled effect. Funnel plot was used to assess publication bias. Results A total of ten studies were enrolled, which included 3976 cases of prostate cancer, 72 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and 157 normal controls. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the positive rate of caveolin-1 expression in prostate cancer was 18.28 times higher than that in normal control (OR= 18.28, 95% CI: 9.02–37.04, p<0.01), and 4.73 times higher than that in HGPIN (OR= 4.73, 95% CI: 2.38–9.42, p<0.01). The relationship between caveolin-1 and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer showed that the differences in caveolin-1 expression in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >10 vs. ≤ 10 (OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.35–3.22, p<0.01), differentiation degree low vs. medium/high (OR=2.74, 95% CI: 1.84–4.08, p<0.01), TNM stage T3+T4 vs. T1+T2 (OR=2.77, 95% CI: 1.78–4.29, p<0.01), and lymph node metastasis present vs. absent (OR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.84–3.69, p<0.01) were statistically significant. The correlation analysis between caveolin-1 and the survival time of patients with prostate cancer demonstrated that caveolin-1 was closely related to the prognosis of prostate cancer patients (HR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.28–1.76, p<0.01). Conclusion Caveolin-1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer, which can serve as a risk factor and adverse clinicopathological feature of prostate cancer. Caveolin-1 can also predict poor survival in prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Department of Medical Technology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, China
| | - Guo-Ying Xu
- Department of Medical Technology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, China
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12
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Su F, GM A, Palgunachari MN, White CR, Stessman H, Wu Y, Vadgama J, Pietras R, Nguyen D, Reddy ST, Farias-Eisner R. Bovine HDL and Dual Domain HDL-Mimetic Peptides Inhibit Tumor Development in Mice. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTIC ONCOLOGY 2020; 8:101. [PMID: 32462055 PMCID: PMC7252215 DOI: 10.17303/jcrto.2020.8.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of literature supports the role of apolipoproteins present in HDL in the treatment of pro-inflammatory diseases including cancer. We examined whether bovine HDL (bHDL) and three dual-domain peptides, namely AEM-28 and its analog AEM-28-2, and HM-10/10, affect tumor growth and development in mouse models of ovarian and colon cancer. We demonstrate that bHDL inhibits mouse colorectal cancer cell line CT26-mediated lung tumor development, and mouse ovarian cancer cell line ID8-mediated tumor burden. We also demonstrate that, although to different degrees, dual-domain peptides inhibit cell viability of mouse and human ovarian and colon cancer cell lines, but not that of normal human colonic epithelial cells or NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Dual-domain peptides administered subcutaneously or in a chow diet decrease CT26 cell-mediated tumor burden, tumor growth, and tumor dissemination in BALB/c mice. Plasma levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are significantly reduced in mice that received bHDL and the dual-domain peptides, suggesting that reduction by effecting accumulation and/or synthesis of pro-inflammatory lipids may be one of the mechanisms for the inhibition of tumor development by bHDL and the dual-domain peptides. Our studies suggest that therapeutics based on apolipoproteins present in HDL may be novel agents for the treatment of epithelial adenocarcinomas of the ovary and colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anantharamaiah GM
- Department of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - C. Roger White
- Department of Medicine, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Holly Stessman
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Yanyuan Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Jay Vadgama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles Drew University, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard Pietras
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dorothy Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robin Farias-Eisner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
- Hereditary Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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13
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Wolters FJ, Yang Q, Biggs ML, Jakobsdottir J, Li S, Evans DS, Bis JC, Harris TB, Vasan RS, Zilhao NR, Ghanbari M, Ikram MA, Launer L, Psaty BM, Tranah GJ, Kulminski AM, Gudnason V, Seshadri S. The impact of APOE genotype on survival: Results of 38,537 participants from six population-based cohorts (E2-CHARGE). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219668. [PMID: 31356640 PMCID: PMC6663005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E is a glycoprotein best known as a mediator and regulator of lipid transport and uptake. The APOE-ε4 allele has long been associated with increased risks of Alzheimer's disease and mortality, but the effect of the less prevalent APOE-ε2 allele on diseases in the elderly and survival remains elusive. METHODS We aggregated data of 38,537 individuals of European ancestry (mean age 65.5 years; 55.6% women) from six population-based cohort studies (Rotterdam Study, AGES-Reykjavik Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Health-ABC Study, and the family-based Framingham Heart Study and Long Life Family Study) to determine the association of APOE, and in particular APOE-ε2, with survival in the population. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 11.7 years, 17,021 individuals died. Compared with homozygous APOE-ε3 carriers, APOE-ε2 carriers were at lower risk of death (hazard ratio,95% confidence interval: 0.94,0.90-0.99; P = 1.1*10-2), whereas APOE-ε4 carriers were at increased risk of death (HR 1.17,1.12-1.21; P = 2.8*10-16). APOE was associated with mortality risk in a dose-dependent manner, with risk estimates lowest for homozygous APOE-ε2 (HR 0.89,0.74-1.08), and highest for homozygous APOE-ε4 (HR 1.52,1.37-1.70). After censoring for dementia, effect estimates remained similar for APOE-ε2 (HR 0.95,0.90-1.01), but attenuated for APOE-ε4 (HR 1.07,1.01-1.12). Results were broadly similar across cohorts, and did not differ by age or sex. APOE genotype was associated with baseline lipid fractions (e.g. mean difference(95%CI) in LDL(mg/dL) for ε2 versus ε33: -17.1(-18.1-16.0), and ε4 versus ε33: +5.7(4.8;6.5)), but the association between APOE and mortality was unaltered after adjustment for baseline LDL or cardiovascular disease. Given the European ancestry of the study population, results may not apply to other ethnicities. CONCLUSION Compared with APOE-ε3, APOE-ε2 is associated with prolonged survival, whereas mortality risk is increased for APOE-ε4 carriers. Further collaborative efforts are needed to unravel the role of APOE and in particular APOE-ε2 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Wolters
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Biggs
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Departments of Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alexander M. Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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14
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Asare GA, Owusu-Boateng E, Asiedu B, Amoah BY, Essendoh E, Otoo RY. Oxidised low-density lipoprotein, a possible distinguishing lipid profile biomolecule between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13321. [PMID: 31145504 DOI: 10.1111/and.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) share common conditions such as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and dyslipidaemia. Whether an extensive lipid profile analysis could discriminate between BPH and PCa was the objective. Thirty-six (36) BPH and twenty (20) PCa outpatients of a urology clinic plus forty (40) controls without LUTS, but normal PSA, were recruited. Body mass index (BMI), lipid profile (total cholesterol [CHOL], triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], very-low-density lipoprotein [VLDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL] and Castelli's risk index I [CR I] [TC/HDL]), oxidised LDL, apolipoprotein E, ceramide and PSA were determined. Mean ages for BPH, PCa and control were 69 ± 13, 67 ± 10 and 53 ± 7 years respectively. Most parameters apart from BMI and HDL were significantly different compared to the control group. oxLDL for BPH versus control, PCa versus control and BPH versus PCa was significant (p < 0.001, p = 0.02 and p < 0.001 respectively). Ceramide showed significant group differences. Between BPH and PCa, total cholesterol, LDL and Apo E were significantly different (p = 0.00, p = 0.01 and p = 0.03 respectively). Apo E could potentially be a discriminating biomarker. Receiver operating characteristic curves for TPSA, Apo E and oxLDL demonstrated sensitivity of 69.44 and specificity of 88.24 for oxLDL, hence more discriminatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Awuku Asare
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanunella Owusu-Boateng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bernice Asiedu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Brodrick Yeboah Amoah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eric Essendoh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rabin Yitzhak Otoo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
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15
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McGinnis GJ, Raber J. CNS side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors: preclinical models, genetics and multimodality therapy. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:929-941. [PMID: 29338610 PMCID: PMC6161123 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following cancer treatment, patients often report behavioral and cognitive changes. Novel cancer immunotherapeutics have the potential to produce sustained cancer survivorship, meaning patients will live longer with the side effects of treatment. Given the role of inflammatory pathways in mediating behavioral and cognitive impairments seen in cancer, we aim in this review to discuss emerging evidence for the contribution of immune checkpoint blockade to exacerbate these CNS effects. We discuss ongoing studies regarding the ability of immune checkpoint inhibitors to reach the brain and how treatment responses to checkpoint inhibitors may be modulated by genetic factors. We further consider the use of preclinical tumor-models to study the role of tumor status in CNS effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors and multimodality therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn J McGinnis
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, OR, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, OR, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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16
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Snyder HM, Ahles T, Calderwood S, Carrillo MC, Chen H, Chang CCH, Craft S, De Jager P, Driver JA, Fillit H, Knopman D, Lotze M, Tierney MC, Petanceska S, Saykin A, Seshadri S, Shineman D, Ganguli M. Exploring the nexus of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias with cancer and cancer therapies: A convening of the Alzheimer's Association & Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:267-273. [PMID: 27998721 PMCID: PMC5548424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent population studies suggest an intriguing inverse relationship between several types of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the intersection of the underlying biology for these two distinct families of diseases with one another may offer novel approaches to identify new therapeutic approaches and possible opportunities to repurpose existing drug candidates. The Alzheimer's Association and the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation convened a one-day workshop to delve into this discussion. Workshop participants outlined research focus areas, potential collaborations, and partnerships for future action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Snyder
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Tim Ahles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart Calderwood
- Radiation Oncology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Chung-Chou H Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Philip De Jager
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston HealthCare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane A Driver
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard Fillit
- Scientific Affairs, Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Lotze
- Departments of Surgery, Immunology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary C Tierney
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Science Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzana Petanceska
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Saykin
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Division of Neurology, Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana Shineman
- Scientific Affairs, Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Professor of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Liu M, Feng LX, Sun P, Liu W, Mi T, Lei M, Wu W, Jiang B, Yang M, Hu L, Guo DA, Liu X. Knockdown of Apolipoprotein E Enhanced Sensitivity of Hep3B Cells to Cardiac Steroids via Regulating Na+/K+-ATPase Signalosome. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2955-2965. [PMID: 27507851 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the sensitivity of human hepatoma Hep3B, SK-HEP-1, SMMC-7721, and BEL-7402 cells to cardiac steroids, including bufalin (BF), a bufalin derivative (BF211), ouabain (OUA), and digitoxin (DIG). Hep3B cells exhibited relatively low sensitivity to cardiac steroids. Expression levels of subunits of Na+/K+-ATPase were high in Hep3B cells. However, colocalization of Na+/K+-ATPase and caveolin was nearly undetectable in Hep3B cells. By using RNA-Seq technology, we found a total of 36 genes to be differentially expressed between Hep3B cells and SK-HEP-1 cells, which are highly sensitive to cardiac steroids. Our bioinformatics analysis determined that these genes were mostly comprised of extracellular space, protein binding, and extracellular region. Among these 36 genes, apolipoprotein E (APOE) played a critical role, as knockdown APOE expression induced colocalization of Na+/K+-ATPase and caveolin and increased sensitivity of Hep3B cells to both proliferation-inhibiting and cytotoxic effects of BF or BF211. Also, the effects of BF on PI3K/AKT/GSK3β and apoptosis signal cascades were enhanced in APOE knockdown cells. The results of our study confirmed the role of Na+/K+-ATPase signalosome in cytotoxicity of cardiac steroids and suggested that APOE regulated the sensitivity of cells to cardiac steroids by affecting formation and function of Na+/K+-ATPase signalosome. In addition, intercellular interaction with high level of Na+/K+-ATPase β1 subunit may be also a factor in the low sensitivity of Hep3B cells to cardiac steroids. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 2955-65. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xing Feng
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wang Liu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tian Mi
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Jiang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - De-An Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Xuan Liu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China. .,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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18
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MicroRNA: a connecting road between apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8529-54. [PMID: 27105614 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis leads to tumorigenesis and failure of anti-cancer therapy. Recent studies also highlight abrogated lipid/cholesterol metabolism as one of the root causes of cancer that can lead to metastatic transformations. Cancer cells are dependent on tremendous supply of cellular cholesterol for the formation of new membranes and continuation of cell signaling. Cholesterol homeostasis network tightly regulates this metabolic need of cancer cells on cholesterol and other lipids. Genetic landscape is also shared between apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the new fine tuners of signaling pathways and cellular processes and are known for their ability to post-transcriptionally repress gene expression in a targeted manner. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the cross talk between apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism via miRNAs. In addition, we also emphasize herein recent therapeutic modulations of specific miRNAs and their promising potential for the treatment of deadly diseases including cancer and cholesterol related pathologies. Understanding of the impact of miRNA-based regulation of apoptosis and metabolic processes is still at its dawn and needs further research for the development of future miRNA-based therapies. As both these physiological processes affect cellular homeostasis, we believe that this comprehensive summary of miRNAs modulating both apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism will open uncharted territory for scientific exploration and will provide the foundation for discovering novel drug targets for cancer and metabolic diseases.
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Liu H, Shui IM, Platz EA, Mucci LA, Giovannucci EL. No Association of ApoE Genotype with Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1632-4. [PMID: 26189769 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies found that low total cholesterol level was associated with a lower risk of high-grade prostate cancer. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) isoform is associated with total cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to explore associations of ApoE isoforms with prostate cancer risk. METHODS We assessed ApoE genotypes and risk of prostate cancer in a prospective case-control study nested among men who provided a blood sample in 1993-95 within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We identified 1,169 incident cases of prostate cancer and 1,233 controls in follow-up through 2004. Associations of ApoE isoform and prostate cancer incidence were evaluated by logistic regression models. RESULTS We found no statistically significant associations of ApoE variants with overall prostate cancer or Gleason sum ≤ 7 (3+4), Gleason sum ≥ 7 (4+3), clinically localized stage, or progression to metastasis or death. There was no evidence of effect modification by circulating total cholesterol or use of cholesterol-lowering drugs prior to diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS ApoE variants were not associated with the risk of prostate cancer or aggressive disease. IMPACT Our findings suggest that the mechanism of circulating cholesterol level affecting prostate cancer incidence may not rely on ApoE isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Irene M Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Calder PC, Deckelbaum RJ. Dietary fatty acids in health and disease: greater controversy, greater interest. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014; 17:111-5. [PMID: 24448268 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- aHuman Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton bNIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK cDepartment of Pediatrics, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
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Zhang Y, Jia Q, He Q, Shen J, Yang J, Xue P, Ma M, Xu R, Du L. The Glu298Asp polymorphism in the NOS3 gene and the risk of prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4735-9. [PMID: 24577889 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Glu298Asp polymorphism in the NOS3 gene has been implicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer. To date, several studies have evaluated the associations between the Glu298Asp polymorphism and prostate cancer risk; however, the results were inconclusive. The aim of the current study was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the association between the polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer. A total of 3,206 cases and 3,880 controls from eight case-control studies were included for data synthesis. The overall results suggested no significant association between the polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer (OR=1.01, 95% CI=0.92-1.11, p = 0.83 for Asp/Asp+Glu/Asp vs. Glu/Glu). In the stratified analysis according to ethnicity, no significant associations were observed in Asians and Europeans. The current meta-analysis suggested that the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the NOS3 gene might not contribute to the risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- The Periodical Press of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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