1
|
Samad MA, Saiman MZ, Abdul Majid N, Karsani SA, Yaacob JS. Berberine and RNAi-Targeting Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) and/or Telomerase RNA Component (TERC) Caused Oxidation in Colorectal Cancer Cell Line, HCT 116: An Integrative Approach using Molecular and Metabolomic Studies. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:153-173. [PMID: 38198024 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer in both men and women and is associated with increased telomerase levels and activity. The potential downstream effects of TERT and/or TERC downregulation by berberine (a telomerase inhibitor) or RNA interference (RNAi) on various target RNAs, proteins, relative telomerase activity (RTA), relative telomere length (RTL), hydrogen peroxide concentration [H2O2], percentage of cell cycle distribution, cell size and granularity as well as cellular metabolites were explored in HCT 116 cell line. Knockdown of TERT decreased TERC. The downregulation of TERT and/or TERC caused increment of [H2O2], G0/G1 phase arrest in addition to decreased S and G2/M phases, as well as diminished cell size. RTL was later reduced as a result of TERT, TERT and/or TERC downregulation which decreased RTA. It was discovered that xanthine oxidase (XO) was significantly and positively correlated at FDR-adjusted p value < 0.05 with RTA, TERT, TERT, TERC, and RTL. HCT 116 with decreased RTA was closely clustered in the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicating similarity of the metabolic profile. A total of 55 metabolites were putatively annotated in this study, potentially associated with RTA levels. The Debiased Sparse Partial Correlation (DSPC) Network revealed that RTA was directly correlated to TERT. There were 4 metabolic pathways significantly affected by low level of RTA which include (1) purine metabolism, (2) glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, (3) glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and (4) aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. The Gene-Metabolite Interaction Network implied that reduced RTA level was related to the mechanism of oxidative stress. This study reveals the linkages between RTA to various selected RNAs, proteins, metabolites, oxidative stress mechanism and subsequently phenotypic changes in HCT 116 which is valuable to understand the intricate biological interactions and mechanism of telomerase in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azizan Samad
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- INFRA High Impact Research (HIR), HIR Building, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zuwairi Saiman
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nazia Abdul Majid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pyreddy S, Poddar A, Carraro F, Polash SA, Dekiwadia C, Murdoch B, Nasa Z, Reddy TS, Falcaro P, Shukla R. Targeting telomerase utilizing zeolitic imidazole frameworks as non-viral gene delivery agents across different cancer cell types. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 149:213420. [PMID: 37062125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein coded by the hTERT gene, plays an important role in cellular immortalization and carcinogenesis. hTERT is a suitable target for cancer therapeutics as its activity is highly upregulated in most of cancer cells but absent in normal somatic cells. Here, by employing the two Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), viz. ZIF-C and ZIF-8, based biomineralization we encapsulate Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 plasmid system that targets hTERT gene (CrhTERT) in cancer cells. When comparing the two biocomposites, ZIF-C shows the better loading capacity and cell viability. The loaded plasmid in ZIF-C is highly protected against enzymatic degradation. CrhTERT@ZIF-C is efficiently endocytosed by cancer cells and the subcellular release of CrhTERT leads to telomerase knockdown. The resultant inhibition of hTERT expression decreases cellular proliferation and causing cancer cell death. Furthermore, hTERT knockdown shows a significant reduction in tumour metastasis and alters protein expression. Collectively we show the high potential of ZIF-C-based biocomposites as a promising general tool for gene therapy of different types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suneela Pyreddy
- NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Arpita Poddar
- NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Victoria 3350, Australia
| | - Francesco Carraro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Shakil Ahmed Polash
- NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | | | - Billy Murdoch
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Zeyad Nasa
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - T Srinivasa Reddy
- NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Paolo Falcaro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Ravi Shukla
- NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie L, Yin W, Tang F, He M. Pan-Cancer analysis of TERT and Validation in Osteosarcoma Cell Lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 639:106-116. [PMID: 36476950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the possible functions of TERT in pan-cancer and OS. METHODS First, differential TERT gene expression analysis was conducted using multi-omics data integrative analyses, including differential expression, prognosis, the correlation between infiltrating inflammatory immune cells, and mutation in pan-cancer. Furthermore, differential TERT gene expression analysis was conducted using mRNA expression profiles related to OS based on the GEO Datasets. Various differentially expressed genes were chosen based on a fitness threshold for further investigations. Finally, the function of the TERT gene was assessed in OS cells, including cellular proliferation, migration, and metastasis. RESULTS Pan-cancer research demonstrated that variable expression of TERT was not only associated with numerous types of human cancer but was also intimately linked to DNA methylation. Bioinformatic investigation revealed a link between the differential expression of TERT with immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In vitro studies indicated that inhibition of TERT decreased OS cell proliferation, motility, and metastasis. CONCLUSION TERT may serve as a useful genomic biomarker for the diagnosis and prediction of pan-cancer and as a prospective therapeutic target for the treatment of OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Xie
- Division of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Trauma Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhua Yin
- Trauma Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fuxing Tang
- Division of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Maolin He
- Division of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Govahi A, Zahmatkesh N, Pourbagherian O, Khas NM, Salamzadeh T, Mehr HM, Babaei E, Hajivalili M. Antitumor Effects of Curcumin on Cervical Cancer with the Focus on Molecular Mechanisms: An Exegesis. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3385-3399. [PMID: 38099527 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128279330231129180250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among females and is correlated with a significant fatality rate. Chemotherapy is the most common treatment for cervical cancer; however, it has a low success rate due to significant side effects and the incidence of chemo-resistance. Curcumin, a polyphenolic natural compound derived from turmeric, acts as an antioxidant by diffusing across cell membranes into the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and nucleus, where it performs its effects. As a result, it's been promoted as a chemo-preventive, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic agent. As a consequence, the main goal of the present review was to gather research information that looked at the link between curcumin and its derivatives against cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Govahi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Zahmatkesh
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Medical and Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Omid Pourbagherian
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faulty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Neda Maleki Khas
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Medical and Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Tala Salamzadeh
- School of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hasti Moshtagh Mehr
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hajivalili
- Department of Immunology, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Drakopoulou E, Anagnou NP, Pappa KI. Gene Therapy for Malignant and Benign Gynaecological Disorders: A Systematic Review of an Emerging Success Story. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133238. [PMID: 35805007 PMCID: PMC9265289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review discusses all the major advances in gene therapy of gynaecological disorders, highlighting the novel and potentially therapeutic perspectives associated with such an approach. It specifically focuses on the gene therapy strategies against major gynaecological malignant disorders, such as ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer, as well as benign disorders, such as uterine leiomyomas, endometriosis, placental, and embryo implantation disorders. The above therapeutic strategies, which employ both viral and non-viral systems for mutation compensation, suicide gene therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, antiangiogenesis and immunopotentiation approaches, have yielded promising results over the last decade, setting the grounds for successful clinical trials. Abstract Despite the major advances in screening and therapeutic approaches, gynaecological malignancies still present as a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age. Cervical cancer, although largely preventable through vaccination and regular screening, remains the fourth most common and most lethal cancer type in women, while the available treatment schemes still pose a fertility threat. Ovarian cancer is associated with high morbidity rates, primarily due to lack of symptoms and high relapse rates following treatment, whereas endometrial cancer, although usually curable by surgery, it still represents a therapeutic problem. On the other hand, benign abnormalities, such as fibroids, endometriosis, placental, and embryo implantation disorders, although not life-threatening, significantly affect women’s life and fertility and have high socio-economic impacts. In the last decade, targeted gene therapy approaches toward both malignant and benign gynaecological abnormalities have led to promising results, setting the ground for successful clinical trials. The above therapeutic strategies employ both viral and non-viral systems for mutation compensation, suicide gene therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, antiangiogenesis and immunopotentiation. This review discusses all the major advances in gene therapy of gynaecological disorders and highlights the novel and potentially therapeutic perspectives associated with such an approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekati Drakopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (K.I.P.)
| | - Nicholas P. Anagnou
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (K.I.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kalliopi I. Pappa
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (K.I.P.)
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, 11528 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma S, Mukherjee AK, Roy SS, Bagri S, Lier S, Verma M, Sengupta A, Kumar M, Nesse G, Pandey DP, Chowdhury S. Human telomerase is directly regulated by non-telomeric TRF2-G-quadruplex interaction. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109154. [PMID: 34010660 PMCID: PMC7611063 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) remains suppressed in most normal somatic cells. Resulting erosion of telomeres leads eventually to replicative senescence. Reactivation of hTERT maintains telomeres and triggers progression of >90% of cancers. However, any direct causal link between telomeres and telomerase regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that the telomere-repeat-binding-factor 2 (TRF2) binds hTERT promoter G-quadruplexes and recruits the polycomb-repressor EZH2/PRC2 complex. This is causal for H3K27 trimethylation at the hTERT promoter and represses hTERT in cancer as well as normal cells. Two highly recurrent hTERT promoter mutations found in many cancers, including ∼83% glioblastoma multiforme, that are known to destabilize hTERT promoter G-quadruplexes, showed loss of TRF2 binding in patient-derived primary glioblastoma multiforme cells. Ligand-induced G-quadruplex stabilization restored TRF2 binding, H3K27-trimethylation, and hTERT re-suppression. These results uncover a mechanism of hTERT regulation through a telomeric factor, implicating telomere-telomerase molecular links important in neoplastic transformation, aging, and regenerative therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Sharma
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ananda Kishore Mukherjee
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shuvra Shekhar Roy
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sulochana Bagri
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Silje Lier
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Antara Sengupta
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Imaging Facility, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gaute Nesse
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Shantanu Chowdhury
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; GNR Knowledge Centre for Genome and Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghareghomi S, Ahmadian S, Zarghami N, Hemmati S. hTERT-molecular targeted therapy of ovarian cancer cells via folate-functionalized PLGA nanoparticles co-loaded with MNPs/siRNA/wortmannin. Life Sci 2021; 277:119621. [PMID: 34004255 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Effective telomerase-molecular targeted cancer therapy might be a promising approach for the efficient treatment of ovarian cancer. Therefore, folate-functionalized PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) were co-loaded with hTERT siRNA, Wortmannin (Wtmn), as a potent PI3K inhibitor, and magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs) as a theranostic agent to gain a multifunctional NPs for targeted drug delivery as well as molecular targeted therapy. 1HNMR, FTIR, DLS, FE-SEM and TEM were applied to characterize the synthesized NPs. In vitro discharge pattern for siRNA and Wtmn from the dual drug-loaded NPs showed an early fast release followed by a constant release up to 200 h. According to the MRI analysis, by increasing the concentration of Fe3O4 in NPs, the weaker T2 signal intensity was enhanced, and a considerable contrast was detected in the MRI images. MTT assay and median-effect analysis showed that the Wtmn/siRNA-loaded MNPs-PLGA-F2 NPs display the most synergistic cytotoxicity on the SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, the Wtmn/siRNA-loaded MNPs-PLGA-FA NPs could significantly reduce the expression of hTERT, AKT, and p-AKT than the single drug-encapsulated NPs (P < 0.05). Taken together, the findings showed that the multifunctional NPs relying on combinatorial therapy might have considerable potential for effective telomerase-molecular targeted therapy of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Ghareghomi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Romaniuk-Drapała A, Totoń E, Konieczna N, Machnik M, Barczak W, Kowal D, Kopczyński P, Kaczmarek M, Rubiś B. hTERT Downregulation Attenuates Resistance to DOX, Impairs FAK-Mediated Adhesion, and Leads to Autophagy Induction in Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040867. [PMID: 33920284 PMCID: PMC8068966 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is known to contribute to telomere maintenance and to provide cancer cell immortality. However, numerous reports are showing that the function of the enzyme goes far beyond chromosome ends. The study aimed to explore how telomerase downregulation in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells affects their ability to survive. Consequently, sensitivity to drug resistance, proliferation, and adhesion were assessed. The lentiviral-mediated human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) downregulation efficiency was performed at gene expression and protein level using qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Telomerase activity was evaluated using the Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) assay. The study revealed that hTERT downregulation led to an increased sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin which was demonstrated in MTT and clonogenic assays. During a long-term doubling time assessment, a decreased population doubling level was observed. Interestingly, it did not dramatically affect cell cycle distribution. hTERT downregulation was accompanied by an alteration in β1-integrin- and by focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-driven pathways together with the reduction of target proteins phosphorylation, i.e., paxillin and c-Src. Additionally, autophagy activation was observed in MDA-MB-231 cells manifested by alternations in Atg5, Beclin 1, LC3II/I ratio, and p62. These results provide new evidence supporting the possible therapeutic potential of telomerase downregulation leading to induction of autophagy and cancer cells elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Romaniuk-Drapała
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (A.R.-D.); (E.T.); (N.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Ewa Totoń
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (A.R.-D.); (E.T.); (N.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Natalia Konieczna
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (A.R.-D.); (E.T.); (N.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Marta Machnik
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Barczak
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Dagmar Kowal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (A.R.-D.); (E.T.); (N.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Przemysław Kopczyński
- Centre for Orthodontic Mini-Implants at the Department and Clinic of Maxillofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 5D Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Błażej Rubiś
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (A.R.-D.); (E.T.); (N.K.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-869-14-27
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhuang C, Zhuang C, Zhou Q, Huang X, Gui Y, Lai Y, Yang S. Engineered CRISPR/Cas13d Sensing hTERT Selectively Inhibits the Progression of Bladder Cancer In Vitro. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:646412. [PMID: 33816560 PMCID: PMC8017217 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.646412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptazyme and CRISPR/Cas gene editing system were widely used for regulating gene expression in various diseases, including cancer. This work aimed to reconstruct CRISPR/Cas13d tool for sensing hTERT exclusively based on the new device OFF-switch hTERT aptazyme that was inserted into the 3’ UTR of the Cas13d. In bladder cancer cells, hTERT ligand bound to aptamer in OFF-switch hTERT aptazyme to inhibit the degradation of Cas13d. Results showed that engineered CRISPR/Cas13d sensing hTERT suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and induced cell apoptosis in bladder cancer 5637 and T24 cells without affecting normal HFF cells. In short, we constructed engineered CRISPR/Cas13d sensing hTERT selectively inhibited the progression of bladder cancer cells significantly. It may serve as a promising specifically effective therapy for bladder cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengle Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changshui Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xueting Huang
- Department of Nephrorheumatology, Shenzhen Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongqing Lai
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shangqi Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Silencing hTERT attenuates cancer stem cell-like characteristics and radioresistance in the radioresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2R. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25599-25613. [PMID: 33234740 PMCID: PMC7803545 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of silencing hTERT on the CSC-like characteristics and radioresistance of CNE-2R cells. Results: Silencing hTERT suppressed CNE-2R cell proliferation and increased the cell apoptosis rate and radiosensitivity in vitro. Moreover, it could also inhibit the growth of xenografts and increase the apoptosis index and radiosensitivity in vivo. Further study discovered that after silencing hTERT, telomerase activity in CNE-2R cells was markedly suppressed, along with remarkably down-regulated stem cell-related protein levels both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: Silencing hTERT can suppress the CSC-like characteristics of CNE-2R cells to enhance their radiosensitivity, revealing that hTERT may become a potential target for treating radioresistant NPC. Methods: An RNAi lentiviral vector specific to the hTERT gene was constructed to infect CNE-2R cells, the hTERT silencing effect was verified through qPCR and Western blot assays, and telomerase activity was detected by PCR-ELISA. Moreover, radiosensitivity in vitro was detected through colony formation assays, CCK-8 assays and flow cytometry. Tumor growth and radioresistance were also evaluated using xenograft models, while the apoptosis index in xenografts was measured through TUNEL assay. Levels of stem cell-related proteins were determined in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
11
|
Telomerase reverse transcriptase downregulation by RNA interference modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial energy production. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7735-7743. [PMID: 32959195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is a cancer promoting ribonucleoprotein complex and is a potential therapeutic target for cancer. In this study, the effects of telomerase downregulation on the whole cell proteome were investigated. Understanding how the effect of downregulation on the whole proteome profile will generate a greater understanding of the possible roles played by telomerase in cancer. Downregulation was achieved by RNA interference (RNAi), targeting the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) subunits of telomerase. Transfection of TERT siRNA downregulates TERT gene expression and induced downregulation of telomerase activity. Investigation of the effect of silencing TERT in telomerase was further validated through proteomic analysis by performing 2-dimension electrophoresis (2DE) coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF. 12 protein spots in HeLa cells were reported to be significantly differentially expressed with 11 of them were upregulated and 1 downregulated. Through STRING analysis, differentially expressed proteins demonstrated strong associations with endoplasmic reticulum stress marker and mitochondrial energy production marker. In conclusions, the result exhibited novel integrated proteomic response involving endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial energy production in response to the TERT downregulation in cervical cancer cells.
Collapse
|
12
|
Áyen Á, Jiménez Martínez Y, Boulaiz H. Targeted Gene Delivery Therapies for Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051301. [PMID: 32455616 PMCID: PMC7281413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being largely preventable through early vaccination and screening strategies, cervical cancer is the most common type of gynecological malignancy worldwide and constitutes one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women. Patients with advanced or recurrent disease have a very poor prognosis; hence, novel therapeutic modalities to improve clinical outcomes in cervical malignancy are needed. In this regard, targeted gene delivery therapy is presented as a promising approach, which leads to the development of multiple strategies focused on different aspects. These range from altered gene restoration, immune system potentiation, and oncolytic virotherapy to the use of nanotechnology and the design of improved and enhanced gene delivery systems, among others. In the present manuscript, we review the current progress made in targeted gene delivery therapy for cervical cancer, the advantages and drawbacks and their clinical application. At present, multiple targeted gene delivery systems have been reported with encouraging preclinical results. However, the translation to humans has not yet shown a significant clinical benefit due principally to the lack of efficient vectors. Real efforts are being made to develop new gene delivery systems, to improve tumor targeting and to minimize toxicity in normal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Áyen
- Department of Dermatology, San Cecilio Universitary Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Yaiza Jiménez Martínez
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Houria Boulaiz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-241-271
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Choi SH, Cho KJ, Yun SH, Jin B, Lee HY, Ro SW, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Han KH, Park JY. HKR3 regulates cell cycle through the inhibition of hTERT in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. J Cancer 2020; 11:2442-2452. [PMID: 32201515 PMCID: PMC7066026 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignant disease with improved hepatic regeneration and survival, and is activated by human telomere transferase (hTERT). hTERT is expressed during early fetal development and switched off in most adult tissues, but it becomes reactivated in HCC. The exact mechanism regulating these expression changes remains unknown during HCC progress. We evaluated the relationship between hTERT expression and human kruppel-related 3 (HKR3) and cell cycle-related factors in HCC cell lines. Following transfection for hTERT knockdown and HKR3 overexpression, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses related to hTERT were performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) in HCC cell lines. The expression levels of hTERT, HKR3, and cell cycle-related factors were measured using western blotting, and tumor growth were evaluated via cell proliferation and cell cycle assays. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that HKR3, hTERT and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) were correlated. Up-regulation of HKR3 expression decreased hTERT and cyclin activation and suppressed the G1/S phase of the cell cycle through CDKN2A activation. Our results suggest that HKR3 induced regulation of cell cycle through hTERT inhibition and CDKN2A activation. Our results will facilitate further exploration of the pathways regulating human telomerase activity in HCC cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Choi
- Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Joo Cho
- Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 plus project for medical science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Drug & Disease Target Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Jin
- Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 plus project for medical science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Lee
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Drug & Disease Target Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Analysis Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon W Ro
- Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 plus project for medical science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyub Han
- Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Drug & Disease Target Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 plus project for medical science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nagapoosanam AL, Ganesan N, Umapathy D, Moorthy RK, Arockiam AJV. Knockdown of human telomerase reverse transcriptase induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cell line. Indian J Med Res 2020; 149:345-353. [PMID: 31249199 PMCID: PMC6607821 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1676_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the catalytic subunit of telomerase enzyme that maintains telomere ends by the addition of telomeric repeats to the ends of chromosomal DNA, and that may generate immortal cancer cells. Hence, the activity of telomerase is raised in cancer cells including cervical cancer. The present study aimed to validate the unique siRNA loaded chitosan coated poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle targeting hTERT mRNA to knock down the expression of hTERT in HeLa cells. Methods: The siRNA loaded chitosan coated polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were synthesized by double emulsion solvent diffusion method. The characterization of nano-formulation was done to determine efficient siRNA delivery. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to evaluate silencing efficiency of nano-formulation. Results: Size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles were 249.2 nm, 12.4 mV and 80.5 per cent, respectively. Sustained release of siRNA from prepared nanoparticle was studied for 72 h by ultraviolet method. Staining assays were performed to confirm senescence and apoptosis. Silencing of hTERT mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in HeLa cells by RT-PCR and Western blot. Interpretation & conclusions: The findings showed that biodegradable chitosan coated PLGA nanoparticles possessed an ability for efficient and successful siRNA delivery. The siRNA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. Further studies need to be done with animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Lakshmi Nagapoosanam
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Nithya Ganesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Devan Umapathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Rajesh Kannan Moorthy
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Antony Joseph Velanganni Arockiam
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hwang M, Han MH, Park HH, Choi H, Lee KY, Lee YJ, Kim JM, Cheong JH, Ryu JI, Min KW, Oh YH, Ko Y, Koh SH. LGR5 and Downstream Intracellular Signaling Proteins Play Critical Roles in the Cell Proliferation of Neuroblastoma, Meningioma and Pituitary Adenoma. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:628-641. [PMID: 31698554 PMCID: PMC6844835 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.5.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) has been reported to play critical roles in the proliferation of various cancer cells. However, the roles of LGR5 in brain tumors and the specific intracellular signaling proteins directly associated with it remain unknown. Expression of LGR5 was first measured in normal brain tissue, meningioma, and pituitary adenoma of humans. To identify the downstream signaling pathways of LGR5, siRNA-mediated knockdown of LGR5 was performed in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells followed by proteomics analysis with 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). In addition, the expression of LGR5-associated proteins was evaluated in LGR5-inhibited neuroblastoma cells and in human normal brain, meningioma, and pituitary adenoma tissue. Proteomics analysis showed 12 protein spots were significantly different in expression level (more than two-fold change) and subsequently identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. A protein association network was constructed from the 12 identified proteins altered by LGR5 knockdown. Direct and indirect interactions were identified among the 12 proteins. HSP 90-beta was one of the proteins whose expression was altered by LGR5 knockdown. Likewise, we observed decreased expression of proteins in the hnRNP subfamily following LGR5 knockdown. In addition, we have for the first time identified significantly higher hnRNP family expression in meningioma and pituitary adenoma compared to normal brain tissue. Taken together, LGR5 and its downstream signaling play critical roles in neuroblastoma and brain tumors such as meningioma and pituitary adenoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Myung-Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Park
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Hojin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Kyu-Yong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Jae Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Je Il Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Young-Ha Oh
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
| | - Yong Ko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Seoul 04763, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Park S, Lee S, Kim J, Kim G, Park KH, Kim TU, Chung D, Lee H. ΔNp63 to TAp63 expression ratio as a potential molecular marker for cervical cancer prognosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214867. [PMID: 30973901 PMCID: PMC6459502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
p63 is a transcription factor p53 family. Two major isoforms of p63, TAp63 with transactivation (TA) domain and ΔNp63 with truncated TA domain, have been reported to play opposing roles either in tumor suppression or oncogenic function. Little is known about the association of these two isoforms of p63 in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. In this study, the mRNA expression levels of TAp63 and ΔNp63 in 40 normal, 30 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 38 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and 52 cervical cancer formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were examined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We analyzed the association between the ΔNp63 and ΔN/TAp63 mRNA expression ratio and clinicopathological parameters and compared disease-specific survival of each ΔNp63 mRNA expression and ΔN/TAp63 mRNA expression ratio. The ΔN/TAp63 mRNA expression ratio in cervical cancer showed higher sensitivity than the mRNA expression levels of ΔNp63 (52.0% vs 44.2%). The level of ΔN/TAp63 mRNA expression ratio in precancerous LSIL and HSIL was higher than in normal tissues (P = 0.01 and P = 0.003) and lower than in cervical cancer tissues (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02). Besides, the positive ΔN/TAp63 mRNA expression ratio was associated with bulky tumor size and high expression of Ki-67, the proliferation marker, in cervical cancer (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02). The cervical cancer patients with the positive ΔN/TAp63 mRNA expression ratio showed worse survival compared to those who with the negative expression ratio of ΔN/TAp63 (HR = 5.7, 95% CI: 1.6–19.9). In conclusion, the balance of TAp63 and ΔNp63 is closely related to the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. The ΔN/TAp63 mRNA expression ratio could be useful as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Geehyuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hwa Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ue Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawn Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (DC); (HL)
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (DC); (HL)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Che Y, Li Y, Zheng F, Zou K, Li Z, Chen M, Hu S, Tian C, Yu W, Guo W, Luo M, Deng W, Zou L. TRIP4 promotes tumor growth and metastasis and regulates radiosensitivity of cervical cancer by activating MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and hTERT signaling. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:1-13. [PMID: 30905820 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 4 (TRIP4), a subunit of the tetrameric nuclear activating signal co-integrator 1 (ASC-1) complex, exerts pro-tumorigenic effects. The role for TRIP4 in the regulation of cervical cancer growth and radiation resistance is presently unknown. In this study, TRIP4 was found to be highly expressed in cervical cancer cells and tumor tissues. Knockdown of TRIP4 significantly suppressed cervical cancer cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), accompanied by inactivation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling. TRIP4 was also found to target hTERT signaling by regulating its binding to the hTERT promoter. Moreover, the knockdown of TRIP4 increased cell sensitivity to radiation, concomitant with downregulation of Rad51 and p-H2AX. We also demonstrated in an in vivo study that the knockdown of TRIP4 effectively suppressed cervical cancer growth and progression in a xenograft tumor model, and these effects were concomitant with the downregulation of p-AKT, p-ERK, p-MEK1/2, MMP-9 and hTERT expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue microarrays showed that TRIP4 overexpression predicted poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. Collectively, these results show that TRIP4 plays an essential role in cervical cancer growth and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Che
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yizhuo Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fufu Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zongjuan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Manyu Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunfang Tian
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wendan Yu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meihua Luo
- The Shude Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lijuan Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu YB, Mei Y, Long J, Zhang Y, Hu DL, Zhou HH. RIF1 promotes human epithelial ovarian cancer growth and progression via activating human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:182. [PMID: 30075819 PMCID: PMC6091081 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is highly expressed in over 80% of tumors, including human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, the mechanisms through which hTERT is up-regulated in EOC and promotes tumor progression remain unclear. The aim of this study is to identify RIF1 as a novel molecular target that modulate hTERT signaling and EOC growth. METHODS RIF1 expression in ovarian cancer, benign and normal ovarian tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry. The biological role of RIF1 was revealed by MTS, colony formation and sphere formation assays. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assay were used to verify RIF1 as a novel hTERT promoter-binding protein in EOC cells. The role of RIF1 on tumorigenesis in vivo was detected by the xenograft model. RESULTS RIF1 expression is upregulated in EOC tissues and is closely correlated with FIGO stage and prognosis of EOC patients. Functionally, RIF1 knockdown suppressed the expression and promoter activity of hTERT and consequently inhibited the growth and CSC-like traits of EOC cells. RIF1 knockdown also inhibited tumorigenesis in xenograft model. RIF1 overexpression had the opposite effect. Luciferase reporter assay and ChIP assay verified RIF1 directly bound to hTERT promoter to upregulate its expression. The rescue experiments suggested hTERT overexpression rescued the inhibition of EOC cell growth and CSC-like traits mediated by RIF1 knockdown. Consistently, hTERT knockdown abrogated the RIF1-induced promotion of EOC cell growth and CSC-like traits. CONCLUSIONS RIF1 promotes EOC progression by activating hTERT and the RIF1/hTERT pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for EOC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiang Ya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Mei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiang Ya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Long
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Li Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiang Ya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiang Ya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen L, Chen C, Chen W, Li K, Chen X, Tang X, Xie G, Luo X, Wang X, Liang H, Yu S. Biodegradable Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Mediate Specific Delivery of hTERT siRNA for Synergistic Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21137-21148. [PMID: 29882656 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has been found to be closely related to tumor transformation, growth, and metastasis. Thus, the delivery of hTERT small interfering RNA (siRNA) is an important approach for cancer gene therapy. However, the single anticancer effect of gene silencing is often limited by poor specificity or low efficiency in siRNA delivery and release. In this work, we present small and thin black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets as a biodegradable delivery system for hTERT siRNA. The BP nanosheets prepared with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polyethylenimine (PEI) modification (PPBP), exhibited high siRNA loading capacity and robust cell uptake. The PPBP nanosheets also exhibited potent photodynamic therapy/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT) activities when exposed to different wavelengths of laser irradiation. More importantly, PPBP nanosheets underwent a gradual degradation when presented in a mixture of low pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-rich environment. The degradation of PPBP was strengthened especially after local and minimal invasive PDT treatment, because of excessive ROS production. Further delivery and release of siRNA to the cytoplasm for gene silencing was achieved by PEI-aided escape from the acidic lysosome. Thus, PPBP-siRNA efficiently inhibited tumor growth and metastasis by specific delivery of hTERT siRNA and a synergistic combination of targeted gene therapy, PTT and PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuan Chen
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery , Army Medical University , Chongqing 400042 , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barczak W, Sobecka A, Golusinski P, Masternak MM, Rubis B, Suchorska WM, Golusinski W. hTERT gene knockdown enhances response to radio- and chemotherapy in head and neck cancer cell lines through a DNA damage pathway modification. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5949. [PMID: 29654294 PMCID: PMC5899166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of hTERT gene knockdown in HNSCC cells by using novel in vitro models of head and neck cancer (HNSCC), as well as improving its personalized therapy. To obtain the most efficient knockdown siRNA, shRNA-bearing lentiviral vectors were used. The efficiency of hTERT silencing was verified with qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. Subsequently, the type of cell death and DNA repair mechanism induction after hTERT knockdown was assessed with the same methods, followed by flow cytometry. The effect of a combined treatment with hTERT gene knockdown on Double-Strand Breaks levels was also evaluated by flow cytometry. Results showed that the designed siRNAs and shRNAs were effective in hTERT knockdown in HNSCC cells. Depending on a cell line, hTERT knockdown led to a cell cycle arrest either in phase G1 or phase S/G2. Induction of apoptosis after hTERT downregulation with siRNA was observed. Additionally, hTERT targeting with lentiviruses, followed by cytostatics administration, led to induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, an increase in Double-Strand Breaks accompanied by activation of the main DNA repair mechanism, NER, was also observed. Altogether, we conclude that hTERT knockdown significantly contributes to the efficacy of HNSCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Barczak
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Str., 61-866, Poznan, Poland. .,Radiobiology Lab, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Str., 61-866, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Sobecka
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Str., 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Radiobiology Lab, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Str., 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel Golusinski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Str., 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Head and Neck Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biology and Environmental Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal M Masternak
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Str., 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,University of Central Florida, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, FL, 32827, Orlando, USA
| | - Blazej Rubis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49 Str., 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiktoria M Suchorska
- Radiobiology Lab, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Str., 61-866, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15 Str., 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Golusinski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Str., 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lombardo GE, Maggisano V, Celano M, Cosco D, Mignogna C, Baldan F, Lepore SM, Allegri L, Moretti S, Durante C, Damante G, Fresta M, Russo D, Bulotta S, Puxeddu E. Anti- hTERT siRNA-Loaded Nanoparticles Block the Growth of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Xenograft. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1187-1195. [PMID: 29563163 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The high frequency of hTERT-promoting mutations and the increased expression of hTERT mRNA in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) make TERT a suitable molecular target for the treatment of this lethal neoplasm. In this study, we encapsulated an anti-hTERT oligonucleotide in biocompatible nanoparticles and analyzed the effects of this novel pharmaceutical preparation in preclinical models of ATC. Biocompatible nanoparticles were obtained in an acidified aqueous solution containing chitosan, anti-hTERT oligoRNAs, and poloxamer 188 as a stabilizer. The effects of these anti-hTERT nanoparticles (Na-siTERT) were tested in vitro on ATC cell lines (CAL-62 and 8505C) and in vivo on xenograft tumors obtained by flank injection of CAL-62 cells into SCID mice. The Na-siTERT reduced the viability and migration of CAL-62 and 8505C cells after 48-hour incubation. Intravenous administration (every 48 hours for 13 days) of this encapsulated drug in mice hosting a xenograft thyroid cancer determined a great reduction in the growth of the neoplasm (about 50% vs. untreated animals or mice receiving empty nanoparticles), and decreased levels of Ki67 associated with lower hTERT expression. Moreover, the treatment resulted in minimal invasion of nearby tissues and reduced the vascularity of the xenograft tumor. No signs of toxicity appeared following this treatment. Telomere length was not modified by the Na-siTERT, indicating that the inhibitory effects of neoplasm growth were independent from the enzymatic telomerase function. These findings demonstrate the potential suitability of this anti-TERT nanoparticle formulation as a novel tool for ATC treatment. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(6); 1187-95. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni E Lombardo
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marilena Celano
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Donato Cosco
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Interdepartmental Service Center, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Roma "Sapienza," Roma, Italy
| | - Saverio M Lepore
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Allegri
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sonia Moretti
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Roma "Sapienza," Roma, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Efisio Puxeddu
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
PARK14 PLA2G6 mutants are defective in preventing rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS generation and activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:79046-79060. [PMID: 29108286 PMCID: PMC5668019 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 group 6 (PLA2G6) cause the recessive familial type 14 of Parkinson’s disease (PARK14). Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PLA2G6 is believed to be required for maintaining mitochondrial function. In the present study, rotenone-induced cellular model of PD was used to investigate possible molecular pathogenic mechanism of PARK14 mutant PLA2G6-induced PD. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) PLA2G6 ameliorated rotenone-induced apoptotic death of SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells. PARK14 mutant (D331Y), (G517C), (T572I), (R632W), (N659S) or (R741Q) PLA2G6 failed to prevent rotenone-induced activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and exert a neuroprotective effect. WT PLA2G6, but not PARK14 mutant PLA2G6, prevented rotenone-induced mitophagy impairment. In contrast to WT PLA2G6, PARK14 mutant PLA2G6 was ineffective in attenuating rotenone-induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in the level of mitochondrial superoxide. WT PLA2G6, but not PARK14 PLA2G6 mutants, restored enzyme activity of mitochondrial complex I and cellular ATP content in rotenone-treated SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells. In contrast to WT PLA2G6, PARK14 mutant PLA2G6 failed to prevent rotenone-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and cytochrome c release. These results suggest that PARK14 PLA2G6 mutants lose their ability to maintain mitochondrial function and are defective inpreventing mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production and activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in rotenone-induced cellular model of PD.
Collapse
|
23
|
Cardoso MDFS, Castelletti CHM, Lima-Filho JLD, Martins DBG, Teixeira JAC. Putative biomarkers for cervical cancer: SNVs, methylation and expression profiles. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:161-173. [PMID: 28927526 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is primarily caused by Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, but other factors such as smoking habits, co-infections and genetic background, can also contribute to its development. Although this cancer is avoidable, it is the fourth most frequent type of cancer in females worldwide and can only be treated with chemotherapy and radical surgery. There is a need for biomarkers that will enable early diagnosis and targeted therapy for this type of cancer. Therefore, a systems biology pipeline was applied in order to identify potential biomarkers for cervical cancer, which show significant reports in three molecular aspects: DNA sequence variants, DNA methylation pattern and alterations in mRNA/protein expression levels. CDH1, CDKN2A, RB1 and TP53 genes were selected as putative biomarkers, being involved in metastasis, cell cycle regulation and tumour suppression. Other ten genes (CDH13, FHIT, PTEN, MLH1, TP73, CDKN1A, CACNA2D2, TERT, WIF1, APC) seemed to play a role in cervical cancer, but the lack of studies prevented their inclusion as possible biomarkers. Our results highlight the importance of these genes. However, further studies should be performed to elucidate the impact of DNA sequence variants and/or epigenetic deregulation and altered expression of these genes in cervical carcinogenesis and their potential as biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria de Fátima Senra Cardoso
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group (ProspecMol), Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Henrique Madeiros Castelletti
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group (ProspecMol), Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA), Av. General San Martin 1371, Bongi, Recife - PE, 50761-000, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Lima-Filho
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Danyelly Bruneska Gondim Martins
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group (ProspecMol), Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - José António Couto Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife - PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho (UM), Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Maggisano V, Celano M, Lombardo GE, Lepore SM, Sponziello M, Rosignolo F, Verrienti A, Baldan F, Puxeddu E, Durante C, Filetti S, Damante G, Russo D, Bulotta S. Silencing of hTERT blocks growth and migration of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 448:34-40. [PMID: 28288903 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the hTERT promoter responsible for constitutive telomerase activity are the most frequent genetic alteration detected in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), and proposed as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in these tumours. In this study we analyzed hTERT expression in a series of human ATCs and investigated the effects of small-interfering RNA-mediated silencing of hTERT on viability and migration and invasive properties of three human ATC cell lines. Expression of hTERT mRNA resulted increased in 8/10 ATCs compared to normal thyroid tissues. Silencing of hTERT in CAL-62, 8505C and SW1736 cells did not modify telomere length but determined a significant decrease (about 50%) of cell proliferation in all cell lines and a great reduction (about 50%) of migration and invasion capacity. These finding demonstrate that hTERT may be considered as a molecular target for ATC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marilena Celano
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Massimo Lepore
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Sponziello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rosignolo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Verrienti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Baldan
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Efisio Puxeddu
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cosimo Durante
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pal D, Sharma U, Singh SK, Kakkar N, Prasad R. Inhibition of hTERT expression by MAP kinase inhibitor induces cell death in renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:401-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
26
|
Im E, Yoon JB, Lee HW, Chung KC. Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Positively Regulates 26S Proteasome Activity. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2083-2093. [PMID: 27648923 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the catalytic subunit of telomerase, an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that elongates telomeric DNA. hTERT displays several extra-telomeric functions that are independent of its telomere-regulatory function, including tumor progression, and neuronal cell death regulation. In this study, we evaluated these additional hTERT non-telomeric functions. We determined that hTERT interacts with several 19S and 20S proteasome subunits. The 19S regulatory particle and 20S core particle are part of 26S proteasome complex, which plays a central role in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. In addition, hTERT positively regulated 26S proteasome activity independent of its enzymatic activity. Moreover, hTERT enhanced subunit interactions, which may underlie hTERT's ability of hTERT to stimulate the 26S proteasome. Furthermore, hTERT displayed cytoprotective effect against ER stress via the activation of 26S proteasome in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Our data suggest that hTERT acts as a novel chaperone to promote 26S proteasome assembly and maintenance. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2083-2093, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Im
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Bok Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Concomitant underexpression of TGFBR2 and overexpression of hTERT are associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41670. [PMID: 28195144 PMCID: PMC5307321 DOI: 10.1038/srep41670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors. The transforming growth factor beta receptor type II (TGFBR2) is a downstream protein of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) which suppresses telomerase activity. However, the relevance of survival to the expression of TGFBR2, hTERT or TGFBR2/hTERT has not been previously investigated in cervical cancer tissues. Our study showed that patients with low level of TGFBR2 were associated with poor prognosis (HR = 1.704, P = 0.021), but no significant relevance between hTERT expression and survival (HR = 1.390, P = 0.181). However, a combination of low level of TGFBR2 and high level of hTERT was associated with a worse survival (HR = 1.892, P = 0.020), which had higher impact of hazard ratio (HR) on the overall survival (OS) than the low TGFBR2 expression alone. Knockdown of TGFBR2 expression by shRNA in Hela cells increased cell proliferation, cell invasion, G1/S transition and telomere homeostasis but decreased cell apoptosis. Overexpressing TGFBR2 and inhibiting hTERT suppressed Hela cell growth. These results would lead us to further explore whether a phenotype of TGFBR2low/hTERThigh could be considered as a predictor of poor prognosis, and whether simultaneous use of TGFBR2 agonist and hTERT inhibitor could be developed as a therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
|
28
|
RNA interference mediated downregulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in LN18 cells. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2311-2321. [PMID: 27757712 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene is a biomarker for the targeted therapy in various cancers. Presence of increased telomerase activity is a common feature of all cancers including glioblastoma. Both RNA and catalytic subunits of hTERT are the target sites for blocking its activity. The current study focuses on the expression of hTERT in glioblastoma and its regulation using two different novel siRNAs (small interfering RNA). Our patient data demonstrated increased expression of hTERT, which could be correlated with carcinogenesis in glioma. In vitro studies in siRNA transfected LN18 cells confirmed significant cell death (p < 0.05) as evidenced by MTT and trypan blue exclusion assay. These results were further supported by flow cytometry data, which showed significant increase in early and late apoptosis. The hTERT mRNA expression was effectively downregulated by 45 and 39 % with siRNA1 and siRNA2, respectively. These results were further confirmed by immunoblotting analysis (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that both the siRNAs effectively down regulated the expression of hTERT at mRNA and protein levels, thereby decreasing cell viability and proliferation rate. Hence siRNA mediated downregulation of hTERT could be a potential therapeutic avenue in glioblastoma.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhou N, Fei D, Zong S, Zhang M, Yue Y. MicroRNA-138 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion through targeting hTERT in cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3633-3639. [PMID: 27900047 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that microRNA-138 (miR-138) functions as a tumor suppressor, and is involved in tumor initiation, development and metastasis in certain types of human cancers. However, the function and underlying molecular mechanism of miR-138 in cervical cancer remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of miR-138 expression in cervical cancer, and to evaluate its role and underlying mechanisms in cervical cancer. The present study indicated that miR-138 expression was significantly downregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines, and that the low miR-138 expression was negatively associated with advanced FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). Functional analyses indicated that the overexpression of miR-138 in cervical cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, induced cell apoptosis in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in a nude mice model. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that human telomerase reverse transcriptase was a novel target gene of miR-138. The findings of the present study suggested that miR-138 could be a potential candidate for cervical cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dan Fei
- Department of Ultrasonography, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shan Zong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
GUO QINGZHI, DONG BAIHUA, NAN FANGFANG, GUAN DONGDONG, ZHANG YOUZHONG. 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in human cervical cancer via the activation of microRNA-143 and suppression of the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:544-50. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
31
|
ZHAO QIANG, WANG XUEYAO, YU XIAOXIA, ZHAI YINGXIAN, HE XU, WU SHAN, SHI YINGAI. Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase mediates the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:857-64. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
32
|
Zhao Q, Zhai YX, Liu HQ, Shi YA, Li XB. MicroRNA-491-5p suppresses cervical cancer cell growth by targeting hTERT. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:979-86. [PMID: 26034994 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have been shown to regulate a variety of biological processes by targeting messenger RNA. MicroRNA-491-5p (miR-491-5p), an important miRNA, has been demonstrated to be involved in the processes of initiation and progression in several tumors. However, the precise biological function of miR-491-5p and its molecular mechanism in cervical cancer cells remain elusive. The present study was carried out to investigate the clinical significance and prognostic value of miR-491-5p expression in cervical cancer, and to evaluate the role of miR-491-5p and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in cervical cancer. The results showed that miR-491-5p expression was significantly downregulated in cervical cancer tissues when compared with the corresponding adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001), and the value was negatively associated with advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, high histological grading and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). The enforced expression of miR-491-5p in cervical cancer cells significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion, induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed the tumor growth of the mouse model of HeLa cells. In addition, the dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) was identified as a novel target gene of miR-491-5p. Notably, it was found that miR-491-5p regulated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results suggested that targeting miR-491-5p is a strategy for blocking the development of cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Xian Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Qiu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Bai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lai P, Liu Y. Angelica sinensis polysaccharides inhibit endothelial progenitor cell senescence through the reduction of oxidative stress and activation of the Akt/hTERT pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1842-1849. [PMID: 25845638 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1027779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Apiaceae) polysaccharides (ASP) may play a key role in anti-ischemic activity. However, the anti-atherosclerotic activity and mechanism are unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the protective effects of ASP against ox-LDL-induced senescence of EPCs and explored its underlying molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mononuclear cells were isolated from bone marrow (BM) of SD rats and differentiated to EPCs. EPCs were exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL, 10 µg/mL, 24 h) and incubated with or without high-dose (100 µg/mL, 48 h) or low-dose (20 µg/mL, 48 h) ASP. Another group of EPCs was pre-treated with Wortmannin (100 nM, 45 min), a PI3K/Akt inhibitor. EPC senescence, telomerase activity, and superoxide anion levels were assessed using SA-β-galactosidase staining, telomerase PCR-ELISA analysis, and DHE staining, respectively. The expression of related proteins, including Akt, p-Akt, hTERT, p-hTERT, and gp91phox, were detected using western blot. RESULTS EPCs (47.3%) were SA-β-gal positive after treatment by ox-LDL, additionally, ox-LDL significantly increased superoxide anion levels (375% versus 100%), and inhibited telomerase activity (42% versus 100%). However, the pro-senescent effect of ox-LDL was attenuated about three-fold (16.7%), superoxide anion levels were decreased more than two-fold (148%), and telomerase activity was recovered partly (88% versus 42%) in the EPCs when treated with ASP (100 µg/mL). The immunoblotting confirmed that ASP attenuated inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt and hTERT induced by ox-LDL and down-regulated increased the expression of gp91-phox. Moreover, some effects of ASP were partially abrogated in the presence of Wortmannin. DISCUSSION Ox-LDL induced senescence of EPCs via inhibition of telomerase activity, which was influenced by oxidative stress and the Akt/hTERT pathway. The inhibition of EPC senescence by ASP could be important for potential therapeutics. CONCLUSION Treatment of EPCs with ASP remarkably attenuates the harmful effects of ox-LDL via augmentation of Akt/hTERT phosphorylation and inhibition of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lai
- School of Bioengineering, Xihua University , Chengdu , PR China and
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Alterations in gene promoter methylation and transcript expression induced by cisplatin in comparison to 5-Azacytidine in HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 404:181-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
35
|
Gao H, Liu J, Song N. [Application of target peptide in siRNA delivery
for the research of lung cancer therapy]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2014; 17:674-8. [PMID: 25248709 PMCID: PMC6000512 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.09.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
肺癌被认为是全球发病率最高的一种恶性肿瘤,其对化疗药物不敏感且易产生耐药性,因此增强肺癌药物治疗效果是近年来研究的热点。siRNA是一种小RNA分子,可以沉默与之互补的目标mRNA,是一种基因治疗手段。靶向肽是一类小分子多肽,它可以与siRNA联合使用,利用其与肿瘤表面物质特异性结合发挥靶向作用。联合靶向肽的特异性和siRNA的治疗作用,增加siRNA在靶点位置的聚集,增强沉默效果,可以提高肺癌对药物的敏感性并降低耐药作用,进而增强肺癌治疗效果,为肺癌的靶向治疗提供新的方向和策略。本文将对靶向肽在递送siRNA进行肺癌治疗研究中的应用作一简要综述。
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Gao
- Department of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine,
Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine,
Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Naling Song
- Department of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine,
Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|