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Marima R, Basera A, Miya T, Damane BP, Kandhavelu J, Mirza S, Penny C, Dlamini Z. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs in cancer: Interplay, modulation, and therapeutic avenues. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:887-900. [PMID: 38616862 PMCID: PMC11015109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the intricate field of cancer biology, researchers are increasingly intrigued by the emerging role of exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) due to their multifaceted interactions, complex modulation mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications. These exosomal lncRNAs, carried within extracellular vesicles, play a vital partin tumorigenesis and disease progression by facilitating communication networks between tumor cells and their local microenvironment, making them an ideal candidates for use in a liquid biopsy approach. However, exosomal lncRNAs remain an understudied area, especially in cancer biology. Therefore this review aims to comprehensively explore the dynamic interplay between exosomal lncRNAs and various cellular components, including interactions with tumor-stroma, immune modulation, and drug resistance mechanisms. Understanding the regulatory functions of exosomal lncRNAs in these processes can potentially unveil novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Additionally, the emergence of RNA-based therapeutics presents exciting opportunities for targeting exosomal lncRNAs, offering innovative strategies to combat cancer progression and improve treatment outcomes. Thus, this review provides insights into the current understanding of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology, highlighting their crucial roles, regulatory mechanisms, and the evolving landscape of therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, we have also discussed the advantage of exosomes as therapeutic carriers of lncRNAs for the development of personalized targeted therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Afra Basera
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thabiso Miya
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sheefa Mirza
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChi Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Ma S, Zhu F, Wen H, Rao M, Zhang P, Peng W, Cui Y, Yang H, Tan C, Chen J, Pan P. Development of a novel multi-epitope vaccine based on capsid and envelope protein against Chikungunya virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:7024-7036. [PMID: 37526203 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2240059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a type A virus borne by mosquitoes that can cause major clinical manifestations including rash, fever and debilitating arthritis, grown into a reemerging serious public health issue. Currently, there is no licensed therapy or vaccine available for CHIKV, although the most promising form of treatment appears to be immunotherapy. Neutralizing antibodies for CHIKV can provide high protection for all CHIKV strains, as well as other alphaviruses. Development of a protective vaccine may be an effective strategy to prevent the outbreak of CHIKV and provide protection for travelers. In this study, we designed a multi-epitope vaccine with a 543-amino-acid structure based on the E1, E2 and capsid proteins of CHIKV, including 6 CTL epitopes, 6 HTL epitopes, 12 linear B epitopes, along with the adjuvant β-defensin III. All T-cell epitopes were docked with their corresponding MHC alleles to validate their effect on inducing immune responses, and the vaccine's sequence was proven to have acceptable physicochemical properties. Further, the developed vaccine was docked with TLR3 and TLR8, both of which play an important role in recognizing RNA viruses. Basic analyses of the docked complexes and molecular dynamic simulations revealed that the vaccine interacted strongly with TLRs. Immunological simulations indicated that the vaccine could induce both cellular and humoral immunity. Hopefully, this proposed vaccine structure can serve as a viable candidate against CHIKV infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haicheng Wen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjun Rao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenzhong Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhui Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Caixia Tan
- Department of Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yan W, Yang H, Duan D, Wu Y, Liu Y, Mao J, Zhao Y, Ye J. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal miR-145-5p reduced non-small cell lung cancer cell progression by targeting SOX9. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:883. [PMID: 39039505 PMCID: PMC11265358 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of miR-145-5p in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been studied, however, the regulation of hBMSCs-derived exosomes (Exo) transmitted miR-145-5p in NSCLC was still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of hBMSCs-derived exosomes (Exo) in the progression of NSCLC. METHODS The Exo was extracted from hBMSCs and added to A549 and H1299 cell culture, followed by the detection of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The correlation between the expression of miR-145-5p and SOX9, as well as their binding relationship was determined by correlation analysis, luciferase gene reporter assay and RNA pull-down assays. The in vivo animal model was established to further verify the impact of hBMSCs-Exo. RESULTS It showed that miR-145-5p was downregulated and SOX9 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues. HBMSCs-derived Exo, and hBMSCs-Exo with overexpression of miR-145-5p could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of both A549 and H1299 cells, and prevent against tumor progression in vivo. MiR-145-5p and SOX9 were found to be able to bind to each other, and a negative correlation were observed between the expression of them in NSCLC tissues. Furthermore, inhibition of SOX9 could reversed the suppressed role of miR-145-5p in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Therefore, HBMSCs-Exo effectively transmitted miR-145-5p, leading to the suppression of malignant development in NSCLC through the regulation of SOX9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yan
- Jiangxi Beizheng Stem Cell Science Co. Ltd., Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, PR China
| | - Haiyu Yang
- Drugs and Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, PR China
| | - Dekun Duan
- Jiangxi Beizheng Stem Cell Science Co. Ltd., Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, PR China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- Jiangxi Beizheng Stem Cell Science Co. Ltd., Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, PR China
| | - Youhu Liu
- Jiangxi Beizheng Stem Cell Science Co. Ltd., Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, PR China
| | - Jianping Mao
- Jiangxi Beizheng Stem Cell Science Co. Ltd., Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Jiangxi Beizheng Stem Cell Science Co. Ltd., Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, PR China
| | - Junsong Ye
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, PR China.
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Lv X, Yang L, Xie Y, Momeni MR. Non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: insights into their functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1397788. [PMID: 38859962 PMCID: PMC11163066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1397788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common form of cancer worldwide Research points to the pivotal role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in controlling and managing the pathology by controlling essential pathways. ncRNAs have all been identified as being either up- or downregulated among individuals suffering from lung cancer thus hinting that they may play a role in either promoting or suppressing the spread of the disease. Several ncRNAs could be effective non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose or even serve as effective treatment options for those with lung cancer, and several molecules have emerged as potential targets of interest. Given that ncRNAs are contained in exosomes and are implicated in the development and progression of the malady. Herein, we have summarized the role of ncRNAs in lung cancer. Moreover, we highlight the role of exosomal ncRNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lv
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Changshou, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunbo Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Liang H, Zhang L, Zhao X, Rong J. The therapeutic potential of exosomes in lung cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1181-1212. [PMID: 37365450 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common malignancies globally. Besides early detection and surgical resection, there is currently no effective curative treatment for metastatic advanced LC. Exosomes are endogenous nano-extracellular vesicles produced by somatic cells that play an important role in the development and maintenance of normal physiology. Exosomes can carry proteins, peptides, lipids, nucleic acids, and various small molecules for intra- and intercellular material transport or signal transduction. LC cells can maintain their survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis, by producing or interacting with exosomes. Basic and clinical data also show that exosomes can be used to suppress LC cell proliferation and viability, induce apoptosis, and enhance treatment sensitivity. Due to the high stability and target specificity, good biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity of exosomes, they show promise as vehicles of LC therapy. CONCLUSION We have written this comprehensive review to communicate the LC treatment potential of exosomes and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that overall, LC cells can exchange substances or crosstalk with themselves or various other cells in the surrounding TME or distant organs through exosomes. Through this, they can modulate their survival, proliferation, stemness, migration, and invasion, EMT, metastasis, and apoptotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 210, BaiTa Street, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Lin H, Li J, Wang M, Zhang X, Zhu T. Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs in NSCLC: Dysfunctions and Clinical Potential. J Cancer 2023; 14:1736-1750. [PMID: 37476194 PMCID: PMC10355206 DOI: 10.7150/jca.84506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a typical subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be transmitted from parent cells to recipient cells via human bodily fluids. Exosomes perform a vital role in mediating intercellular communication by shuttling bioactive cargos, such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides without protein translation ability and can be selectively packaged into exosomes. Accumulating evidence indicates that exosomal lncRNAs have a critical role in tumor initiation and progression through regulating tumor proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, treatment resistance and tumor microenvironment. Increasing studies suggest that exosomal lncRNAs have great potential to be served as novel targets and non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this review, we provide an overview of current research on the disordered functions of exosomal lncRNAs in NSCLC and summarize their potential clinical applications as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Maoye Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Taofeng Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, China
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Kang M, Ren M, Li Y, Fu Y, Deng M, Li C. Retraction Note: Exosome-mediated transfer of lncRNA PART1 induces gefitinib resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via functioning as a competing endogenous RNA. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:82. [PMID: 37024914 PMCID: PMC10077600 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Meiping Ren
- Drug Discivery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Molecular Medicine Experimental Center, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqiong Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Minmin Deng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Changping Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Lin J, Gu XL, Li CL, Wang ZM, Wang ZF, Wu RP, Song Y, Wu Y, Liu HB. Analysis of M6A associated lncRNAs in prognosis and immune response of NSCLC patients. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:8457-8472. [PMID: 36628246 PMCID: PMC9827342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Distinguishing between N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is crucial in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In this research, the prognosis and immunotherapeutic response of lncRNAs and m6A in NSCLC were examined. lncRNAs related to m6A were identified using co-expression analyses, and their prognostic impact on patients with NSCLC was assessed using univariate Cox regression analysis. Sixty-three m6A-associated lncRNAs were determined as prognostic lncRNAs, and on this basis, 25 m6A-associated lncRNAs were screened by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) Cox regression. Multivariable Cox analysis obtained 14 m6A-associated lncRNAs for the construction of risk model. The NSCLC patients were grouped into different risk subgroups in accordance with the median of the risk fraction in each data, and we evaluated the differences of potential immunotherapeutic characteristics and drug sensitivity prediction between the two subgroups. By using this model to recombine patients, they can be effectively distinguished in terms of the immunotherapy response. Furthermore, candidate compounds for the differentiation of NSCLC subtypes were identified. The model based on 14 m6A-associated lncRNAs is a promising prognostic biomarker, which may help to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients and provide a theoretical basis for improving the outcome of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Chu-Ling Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zi-Mu Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ran-Pu Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China,First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Hong-Bing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
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Yang Q, Xu J, Gu J, Shi H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Chen Z, Fang X, Zhu T, Zhang X. Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Drug Resistance: Roles, Mechanisms, and Implications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201609. [PMID: 36253096 PMCID: PMC9731723 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanosized vesicles that mediate cell-to-cell communication via transporting bioactive molecules and thus are critically involved in various physiological and pathological conditions. EVs contribute to different aspects of cancer progression, such as cancer growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. EVs induce the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, antiangiogenesis therapy, and immunotherapy by transferring specific cargos that affect drug efflux and regulate signaling pathways associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, autophagy, metabolism, and cancer stemness. In addition, EVs modulate the reciprocal interaction between cancer cells and noncancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to develop therapy resistance. EVs are detectable in many biofluids of cancer patients, and thus are regarded as novel biomarkers for monitoring therapy response and predicting prognosis. Moreover, EVs are suggested as promising targets and engineered as nanovehicles to deliver drugs for overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy. In this review, the biological roles of EVs and their mechanisms of action in cancer drug resistance are summarized. The preclinical studies on using EVs in monitoring and overcoming cancer drug resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jianmei Gu
- Departmemt of Clinical Laboratory MedicineNantong Tumor HospitalNantongJiangsu226361China
| | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong511436China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNY11439USA
| | - Xinjian Fang
- Department of OncologyLianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityLianyungangJiangsu222000China
| | - Taofeng Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineYixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityYixingJiangsu214200China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
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Paramanantham A, Asfiya R, Das S, McCully G, Srivastava A. Extracellular Vesicle (EVs) Associated Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13637. [PMID: 36362424 PMCID: PMC9655370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, with a very high mortality rate. The precise pathophysiology of lung cancer is not well understood, and pertinent information regarding the initiation and progression of lung cancer is currently a crucial area of scientific investigation. Enhanced knowledge about the disease will lead to the development of potent therapeutic interventions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound heterogeneous populations of cellular entities that are abundantly produced by all cells in the human body, including the tumor cells. A defined class of EVs called small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs or exosomes) carries key biomolecules such as RNA, DNA, Proteins and Lipids. Exosomes, therefore, mediate physiological activities and intracellular communication between various cells, including constituent cells of the tumor microenvironment, namely stromal cells, immunological cells, and tumor cells. In recent years, a surge in studying tumor-associated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been observed. Subsequently, studies have also reported that exosomes abundantly carry different species of ncRNAs and these exosomal ncRNAs are functionally involved in cancer initiation and progression. Here, we discuss the function of exosomal ncRNAs, such as miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in the pathophysiology of lung tumors. Further, the future application of exosomal-ncRNAs in clinics as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer is also discussed due to the multifaceted influence of exosomes on cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjugam Paramanantham
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Rahmat Asfiya
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Siddharth Das
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Grace McCully
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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11
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Pan X, Xue L, Sun Y. Spermine synthase ( SMS) serves as a prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a bioinformatics analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1213. [PMID: 36544695 PMCID: PMC9761182 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is an aggressive type of cancer that lacks early detection, and therefore, has a low 5-year survival rate. The spermine synthase (SMS) gene has been shown to be associated with Snyder-Robinson syndrome and poor prognosis of multiple cancers; however, its regulatory role in HNSC has never been investigated. Therefore, we explored the potential predictive value of SMS in HNSC. Methods We explored the association between SMS expression and clinicopathological parameters of HNSC patients by using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets (TCGA). The prognostic value of SMS was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier plotter, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) 2 and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. We further used gene set enrichment analysis (GESA) to investigate the potential roles of SMS in HNSC prognosis and Tumor Immunity Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER2.0) to analyze the correlation between immune cell infiltration and SMS expression. Finally, starBase was used to screen out prognosis-associated non-coding RNA genes to constructed the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Co-expression and survival analyses were used to identify the ceRNA network's effect on HNSC prognosis. Results We found that SMS expression was increased in HNSC compared with normal tissues (P<0.05). In addition, SMS expression was associated with tumor grade (P=0.006), N stage (P=0.001), and prognosis. Survival analysis revealed that high expression of SMS showed worse overall survival (OS) (HR =1.4, P=0.01) and worse disease-free survival (DFS) (HR =1.5, P=0.014). Multivariate Cox analysis further supported the prognostic value of SMS in HNSC (HR =1.006636, P=0.0056). GESA showed that SMS was involved in metabolism- and immune-related pathways. The immune infiltration analyses results showed a decrease in the landscape of immune cell infiltration with high SMS expression and SMS deletion in HNSC. Finally, a ceRNA network (SMS/hsa-miR-23b-3p/KTN1-AS1 and VPS9D1-AS axis) was constructed based on the co-expression and survival analyses in HNSC. Conclusions Our findings first revealed that SMS functioned as a potential prognostic biomarker and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of its function in HNSC. The use of SMS may be powerful for determining worse prognosis HNSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yihan Sun
- Department of Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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12
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Li Y, Dong Y, Zhao S, Gao J, Hao X, Wang Z, Li M, Wang M, Liu Y, Yu X, Xu W. Serum-derived piR-hsa-164586 of extracellular vesicles as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:850363. [PMID: 36249068 PMCID: PMC9559724 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.850363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause of death in those with malignant tumors. To achieve the early diagnosis of NSCLC, we investigated serum-derived Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) of extracellular vesicles to filter diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC. High-throughput sequencing from cancerous tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues in patients with NSCLC was first applied to recognize candidate piRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers. These screened piRNAs were further validated in 115 patients (including 95 cases in stage I) and 47 healthy individuals using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We showed that piR-hsa-164586 was significantly upregulated compared with paracancerous tissues and extracellular vesicles from the serum samples of healthy individuals. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) value of piR-hsa-164586 was 0.623 and 0.624 to distinguish patients with all stages or stage I of NSCLC, respectively, from healthy individuals. The diagnostic performance of piR-hsa-164586 was greatly improved compared with the cytokeratin-19-fragment (CYFRA21-1). Additionally, piR-hs-164586 was associated with the clinical characteristics of patients with NSCLC. Its expression was associated with the age and TNM stage of patients with NSCLC, indicating that it can serve as an effective and promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanhan Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shupeng Zhao
- Asset and Laboratory Management Office, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodan Hao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zibo Wang
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Yu, ; Wenhua Xu,
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Department of Inspection, The Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Yu, ; Wenhua Xu,
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13
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Zhao Y, Song X, Song X, Xie L. Identification of Diagnostic Exosomal LncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Based on the ceRNA Network. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610493. [PMID: 36185995 PMCID: PMC9522904 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the fourth most common cancer worldwide. The roles of exosomal competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in CRC remain unclear. In this study, we constructed an exosomal ceRNA network to identify the core ceRNAs and investigate the diagnostic biomarkers in CRC.Methods and Patients: Serum exosomes were isolated from four CRC patients and two healthy donors by ultracentrifugation, and then subjected to RNA isolation, sequencing and microarray. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were performed to identify functional enrichment implications of differentially expressed exosomal mRNAs. TargetScan and miRanda were used for identifying the miRNA-mRNA and miRNA-LncRNA interactions. The predicted lncRNAs and mRNAs were intersected with the differentially expressed genes, for which the screening criterion was fold change >1.5 in the microarray. Differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs were identified in the GSE71008 dataset, and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were further summarized from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.Results: A total of 1186 exosomal DEmRNAs, 2088 exosomal DElncRNAs and 29 exosomal miRNAs were detected in CRC patients compared to the healthy donors. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that exosomal DEmRNAs might participate in pathways related to carcinogenesis and development of cancer. An exosomal ceRNA regulatory network of CRC was constructed based on 40 lncRNAs, two miRNAs, and five mRNAs. Exosomal miR-150-5p and miR-10b-5p expression levels were increased in healthy donors compared with CRC patients in the GSE71008 dataset, and five DEmRNAs (TOMM70A, RBM48, BEND3, RHOBTB1, and ADAMTS2) were significantly upregulated in TCGA database. Two potential exosomal regulatory axes of lncRNA G016261-miR-150-5p-RBM48 and lncRNA XLOC_011677-miR-10b-5p-BEND3 were identified from the network.Conclusion: The current study revealed potential molecular biological regulation pathways and diagnostic biomarkers through the exosomal ceRNA regulatory network.
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14
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Emran TB, Shahriar A, Mahmud AR, Rahman T, Abir MH, Siddiquee MFR, Ahmed H, Rahman N, Nainu F, Wahyudin E, Mitra S, Dhama K, Habiballah MM, Haque S, Islam A, Hassan MM. Multidrug Resistance in Cancer: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms, Immunoprevention and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891652. [PMID: 35814435 PMCID: PMC9262248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several treatments are available for cancer treatment, but many treatment methods are ineffective against multidrug-resistant cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle to effective therapeutic interventions against cancer. This review describes the known MDR mechanisms in cancer cells and discusses ongoing laboratory approaches and novel therapeutic strategies that aim to inhibit, circumvent, or reverse MDR development in various cancer types. In this review, we discuss both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, in addition to highlighting hypoxia- and autophagy-mediated drug resistance mechanisms. Several factors, including individual genetic differences, such as mutations, altered epigenetics, enhanced drug efflux, cell death inhibition, and various other molecular and cellular mechanisms, are responsible for the development of resistance against anticancer agents. Drug resistance can also depend on cellular autophagic and hypoxic status. The expression of drug-resistant genes and the regulatory mechanisms that determine drug resistance are also discussed. Methods to circumvent MDR, including immunoprevention, the use of microparticles and nanomedicine might result in better strategies for fighting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Shahriar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, United States
| | - Aar Rafi Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjilur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedy Hasan Abir
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hossain Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nova Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Elly Wahyudin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mahmoud M Habiballah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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15
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The Mechanisms of lncRNA-Mediated Multidrug Resistance and the Clinical Application Prospects of lncRNAs in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092101. [PMID: 35565231 PMCID: PMC9103444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of breast cancer (BC) chemotherapy failure. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown closely related to the chemoresistance of BC. In this work, the mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated MDR in BC were elaborated from eight sections, including apoptosis, autophagy, DNA repair, cell cycle, drug efflux, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, epigenetic modification and the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we also discuss the clinical significance of lncRNAs, which may be biomarkers for diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease and presents a great threat to female health worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the predominant strategies for the treatment of BC; however, multidrug resistance (MDR) has seriously affected or hindered the effect of chemotherapy. Recently, a growing number of studies have indicated that lncRNAs play vital and varied roles in BC chemoresistance, including apoptosis, autophagy, DNA repair, cell cycle, drug efflux, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epigenetic modification and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although thousands of lncRNAs have been implicated in the chemoresistance of BC, a systematic review of their regulatory mechanisms remains to be performed. In this review, we systematically summarized the mechanisms of MDR and the functions of lncRNAs mediated in the chemoresistance of BC from the latest literature. These findings significantly enhance the current understanding of lncRNAs and suggest that they may be promising prognostic biomarkers for BC patients receiving chemotherapy, as well as therapeutic targets to prevent or reverse chemoresistance.
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16
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Liu QW, He Y, Xu WW. Molecular functions and therapeutic applications of exosomal noncoding RNAs in cancer. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:216-225. [PMID: 35352001 PMCID: PMC8980040 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most difficult diseases in human society. Therefore, it is urgent for us to understand its pathogenesis and improve the cure rate. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles formed by a variety of cells through endocytosis. As a new means of intercellular information exchange, exosomes have attracted much attention. Noncoding RNAs exist in various cell compartments and participate in a variety of cellular reactions; in particular, they can be detected in exosomes bound to lipoproteins and free circulating molecules. Increasing evidence has suggested the potential roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in the progression of tumors. Herein, we present a comprehensive update on the biological functions of exosomal noncoding RNAs in the development of cancer. Specifically, we mainly focus on the effects of exosomal noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs, circular RNAs, long noncoding RNAs, small nuclear RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs, on tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. Moreover, we outline the current clinical implications concerning exosomal noncoding RNAs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Wen Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wen Wen Xu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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17
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Emerging function and clinical significance of extracellular vesicle noncoding RNAs in lung cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:814-833. [PMID: 35317517 PMCID: PMC8908047 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer with an unsatisfactory prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles that mediate cell-cell communication by transporting various biomacromolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, are important noncoding transcripts that play critical roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially in cancer. ncRNAs have been verified to be packaged into EVs and transported between LC cells and stromal cells, regulating multiple LC malignant phenotypes, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Additionally, EVs can be detected in various body fluids and are associated with the stage, grade, and metastasis of LC. Herein, we summarize the biological characteristics and functions of EV ncRNAs in the biological processes of LC, focusing on their potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of LC as well as their probable role in the clinical treatment of LC. EV ncRNAs provide a new perspective for understanding the mechanism underlying LC pathogenesis and development, which might benefit numerous LC patients in the future.
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18
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He L, Lin M, Shen J, Qi H. Emerging role of exosomal long non-coding RNAs in lung cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4989-4997. [PMID: 35083616 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Also, it is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in men. Despite advances in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, novel approaches are strongly needed to promote early diagnosis and effective treatment of lung cancer. Presently, accumulating data reveal that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially enriched in exosomes and mediate multiple biological processes in lung cancer, suggesting the potential application of exosomal lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. CONCLUSION In this review, we described the emerging roles of lncRNAs specifically sorted into exosomes in lung cancer. We discussed the current knowledge of the exosomal lncRNA sorting mechanism and highlighted opportunities for exosome-derived lncRNAs as biomarkers in clinical practice. In particular, we systematically summarized the biological functions of exosomal lncRNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu He
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Minmin Lin
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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19
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Anti-Cancer Role and Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246303. [PMID: 34944923 PMCID: PMC8699603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is an important mechanism in biological processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), also referred to as exosomes, microvesicles, and prostasomes, are microvesicles secreted by a variety of cells. EVs are nanometer-scale vesicles composed of a lipid bilayer and contain biological functional molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), mRNAs, and proteins. In this review, "EVs" is used as a comprehensive term for vesicles that are secreted from cells. EV research has been developing over the last four decades. Many studies have suggested that EVs play a crucial role in cell-cell communication. Importantly, EVs contribute to cancer malignancy mechanisms such as carcinogenesis, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and escape from the immune system. EVs derived from cancer cells and their microenvironments are diverse, change in nature depending on the condition. As EVs are thought to be secreted into body fluids, they have the potential to serve as diagnostic markers for liquid biopsy. In addition, cells can encapsulate functional molecules in EVs. Hence, the characteristics of EVs make them suitable for use in drug delivery systems and novel cancer treatments. In this review, the potential of EVs as anti-cancer therapeutics is discussed.
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20
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The role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology and clinical management. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1669-1673. [PMID: 34819615 PMCID: PMC8639705 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play a vital role in cell–cell communication within the cancer microenvironment. Exosomal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators in cancer development and are involved in multiple processes, including cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunomodulation. Changes in the levels of exosomal lncRNAs often appear with the occurrence and development of cancer. Therefore, exosomal lncRNAs can be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Exosomal lncRNAs can also indicate the treatment response of patients receiving chemotherapy. Moreover, exosomal lncRNAs are potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology as well as in clinical management. A more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer may help us better understand the mechanism of cancer development and clinically manage cancer patients. Cancer cells routinely release tiny membrane vesicles laden with RNAs that help promote tumor progression, but which could also offer useful biomarkers for diagnosis and reveal new drug targets. Many cells secrete such vesicles, known as exosomes, as a mode of intercellular communication. Researchers led by Tongbao Feng at Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China, have reviewed the evidence linking exosome-borne RNAs to tumor cell function. The authors focus on a class of molecules known as ‘long noncoding RNAs’ (lncRNAs), and show that exosomal lncRNAs are relayed as messages between tumor cells, promoting proliferation, metastatic spread, and acquisition of drug resistance. These RNAs can therefore also offer a useful window into the progress of disease and interventions that block such exosomally transmitted messages, and could potentially inhibit malignant growth and spread.
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21
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Li J, Gao N, Gao Z, Liu W, Pang B, Dong X, Li Y, Fan T. The Emerging Role of Exosomes in Cancer Chemoresistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737962. [PMID: 34778252 PMCID: PMC8581179 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is an impending challenge in cancer treatment. In recent years, exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40-150 nm in bloodstream and other bio-fluids, have attracted increasing interest. Exosomes contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which act as important signaling molecules. Many reports indicate that exosomes play critical roles in chemoresistance through intercellular interactions, including drug removal from cells, transfer of drug resistance phenotypes to other cancer cells, and the increase in plastic stem cell subsets. Exosomes can reflect the physiological and pathological state of parent cells. Owing to their elevated stability, specificity, and sensitivity, exosomes are served as biomarkers in liquid biopsies to monitor cancer chemoresistance, progression, and recurrence. This review summarizes the exosome-mediated mechanisms of cancer chemoresistance, as well as its role in reversing and monitoring chemoresistance. The scientific and technological challenges and future applications of exosomes are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengfan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bairen Pang
- St George Hospital, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Xingli Dong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,St George Hospital, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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22
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Saviana M, Romano G, Le P, Acunzo M, Nana-Sinkam P. Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Cancer Metastasis and Their Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5633. [PMID: 34830787 PMCID: PMC8616161 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous membrane-encapsulated vesicles secreted by every cell into the extracellular environment. EVs carry bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, DNA, and different RNA forms, which can be internalized by recipient cells, thus altering their biological characteristics. Given that EVs are commonly found in most body fluids, they have been widely described as mediators of communication in several physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Moreover, their easy detection in biofluids makes them potentially useful candidates as tumor biomarkers. In this manuscript, we review the current knowledge regarding EVs and non-coding RNAs and their role as drivers of the metastatic process in lung cancer. Furthermore, we present the most recent applications for EVs and non-coding RNAs as cancer therapeutics and their relevance as clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Saviana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.S.); (G.R.); (P.L.); (M.A.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Romano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.S.); (G.R.); (P.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Patricia Le
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.S.); (G.R.); (P.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Mario Acunzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.S.); (G.R.); (P.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Patrick Nana-Sinkam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.S.); (G.R.); (P.L.); (M.A.)
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23
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Guo Z, Guo A, Zhou C. Breast Cancer Stem Cell-Derived ANXA6-Containing Exosomes Sustain Paclitaxel Resistance and Cancer Aggressiveness in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718721. [PMID: 34676207 PMCID: PMC8523856 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous chemotherapy pressure-elicited annexin-A6 (ANXA6)-containing exosome (ANXA6-exo) secretion contributes to paclitaxel (PTX) resistance in breast cancer (BC), but the molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. The present study managed to investigate this issue and found that ANXA6-exo promoted PTX resistance and cancer progression in BC cells in a Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)-dependent manner. Specifically, the parental PTX-sensitive BC (PS-BC) cells were exposed to continuous low-dose PTX to generate PTX-resistant BC (PR-BC) cells, and we found that BC stem cells tended to be enriched in the descendent PR-BC cells in contrast with the PS-BC cells. In addition, PR-BC cell-derived exosomes were featured with highly expressed ANXA6, and ANXA6-exo delivered ANXA6 to promote cell migration, growth, autophagy, and stemness in PS-BC cells. Interestingly, ANXA6-exo increased PTX resistance in PS-BC cells via inducing autophagy, and the effects of ANXA6-exo on PTX resistance in PS-BC cells were abrogated by co-treating cells with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms were uncovered, and we evidenced that ANXA6-exo up-regulated YAP1 to promote Hippo pathway dysregulation, and the promoting effects of ANXA6-exo on PTX resistance and cancer aggressiveness in BC cells were abrogated by silencing YAP1. Taken together, this study firstly elucidated the underlying mechanisms by which BCSC-derived ANXA6-exo facilitated BC progression and PTX resistance, which might help to develop novel treatment strategies for BC in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ayao Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The AnsSteel Group Hospital, Anshan, China
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24
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Cheng D, Fan J, Qin K, Zhou Y, Yang J, Ma Y, Shi M, Jin J. LncRNA SNHG7 Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Through the Notch1/Jagged1/Hes-1 Signaling Pathway and Influences Folfirinox Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:719855. [PMID: 34631547 PMCID: PMC8494469 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.719855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest gastrointestinal cancers, accounting for the fourth highest number of cancer-related fatalities. Increasing data suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might influence the drug resistance of GC cells in the tumor microenvironment and play essential roles in drug resistance development. However, the precise underlying process remains a mystery. The purpose of this study was to look at the control of MSC-induced SNHG7 in pancreatic cancer. In vitro and in vivo sphere formation, colony formation, and flow cytometry investigations revealed the stemness and Folfirinox resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. To confirm the direct connections between SNHG7 and other related targets, RNA pulldown and immunoprecipitation tests were performed. MSC co-culture enhanced the stemness and Folfirinox resistance in pancreatic cancer cells according to the findings. MSC co-culture increased SNHG7 expression in pancreatic cancer cells, contributing to the stemness and Folfirinox resistance. We demonstrated that Notch1 interacted with SNHG7 and could reverse the facilitative effect of SNHG7 on the stemness and Folfirinox resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Finally, our findings showed that MSCs increased SNHG7 expression in pancreatic cancer cells, promoting the stemness and Folfirinox resistance via the Notch1/Jagged1/Hes-1 signaling pathway. These findings could provide a novel approach and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Cheng
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Yichuan Community Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingrui Yang
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Shi
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabin Jin
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Li Y, Tan J, Miao Y, Zhang Q. MicroRNA in extracellular vesicles regulates inflammation through macrophages under hypoxia. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:285. [PMID: 34635652 PMCID: PMC8505641 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV), critical mediators of cell-cell communication, allow cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material and therefore profoundly affect the general homeostasis. A hypoxic environment can affect the biogenesis and secrete of EVs, and the cargoes carried can participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In hypoxia-induced inflammation, microRNA(miRNA) in EV participates in transcriptional regulation through various pathways to promote or reduce the inflammatory response. Meanwhile, as an important factor of immune response, the polarization of macrophages is closely linked to miRNAs, which will eventually affect the inflammatory state. In this review, we outline the possible molecular mechanism of EV changes under hypoxia, focusing on the signaling pathways of several microRNAs involved in inflammation regulation and describing the process and mechanism of EV-miRNAs regulating macrophage polarization in hypoxic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052 Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Tan
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Tianjin Medical University, 300052 Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052 Tianjin, China
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26
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Chen G, Yue A, Wang M, Ruan Z, Zhu L. The Exosomal lncRNA KLF3-AS1 From Ischemic Cardiomyocytes Mediates IGF-1 Secretion by MSCs to Rescue Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:671610. [PMID: 34621793 PMCID: PMC8490635 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.671610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore the mechanism by which myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced exosomes modulate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to regulate myocardial injury. In this study, we established an I/R injury model in vivo and a hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model in vitro. Then, exosomes isolated from H/R-exposed H9c2 cells were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot analysis. CCK-8 assays and flow cytometry were performed to assess cell injury. ELISA was applied to determine the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function in vivo. HE staining and TUNEL assays were conducted to analyze myocardial injury in vivo. In the present study, H/R-exposed H9c2 cells induced IGF-1 secretion from MSCs to inhibit cell myocardial injury. Moreover, exosomes derived from H/R-exposed H9c2 cells were introduced to MSCs to increase IGF-1 levels. The lncRNA KLF3-AS1 was dramatically upregulated in exosomes derived from H/R-treated H9c2 cells. Functional experiments showed that the exosomal lncRNA KLF3-AS1 promoted IGF-1 secretion from MSCs and increased H9c2 cell viability. In addition, miR-23c contains potential binding sites for both KLF3-AS1 and STAT5B, and miR-23c directly bound to the 3'-UTRs of KLF3-AS1 and STAT5B. Furthermore, the lncRNA KLF3-AS1 promoted IGF-1 secretion from MSCs and rescued myocardial cell injury in vivo and in vitro by upregulating STAT5B expression. The lncRNA KLF3-AS1 may serve as a new direction for the treatment of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gecai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Aihuan Yue
- Taizhou Mabtech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, China
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhongbao Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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27
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Yin L, Liu X, Shao X, Feng T, Xu J, Wang Q, Hua S. The role of exosomes in lung cancer metastasis and clinical applications: an updated review. J Transl Med 2021; 19:312. [PMID: 34281588 PMCID: PMC8287779 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths accounting for 24% of all cancer deaths. As a crucial phase of tumor progression, lung cancer metastasis is linked to over 70% of these mortalities. In recent years, exosomes have received increasing research attention in their role in the induction of carcinogenesis and metastasis in the lung. In this review, recent studies on the contribution of exosomes to lung cancer metastasis are discussed, particularly highlighting the role of lung tumor-derived exosomes in immune system evasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis, and their involvement at both the pre-metastatic and metastatic phases. The clinical application of exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers, their role in antitumor drug resistance, and their utility as predictive biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis are also presented. The metastatic activity, a complex multistep process of cancer cell invasion, survival in blood vessels, attachment and subsequent colonization of the host's organs, is integrated with exosomal effects. Exosomes act as functional mediating factors in cell-cell communication, influencing various steps of the metastatic cascade. To this end, lung cancer cell-derived exosomes enhance cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, regulate drug resistance, and antitumor immune activities during lung carcinogenesis, and are currently being explored as an important component in liquid biopsy assessment for diagnosing lung cancer. These nano-sized extracellular vesicles are also being explored as delivery vehicles for therapeutic molecules owing to their unique properties of biocompatibility, circulatory stability, decreased toxicity, and tumor specificity. The current knowledge of the role of exosomes highlights an array of exosome-dependent pathways and cargoes that are ripe for exploiting therapeutic targets to treat lung cancer metastasis, and for predictive value assessment in diagnosis, prognosis, and anti-tumor drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuejun Shao
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Feng
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghao Hua
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
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28
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A innovative prognostic symbol based on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-related lncRNA signature in non-small-cell lung cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17864-17879. [PMID: 34257164 PMCID: PMC8312458 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are closely related to cancer progression. NETs-related lncRNAs play crucial roles in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but there have been no systematic studies regarding NETs-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signatures to forecast the prognosis of NSCLC patients. It’s essential to build commensurate NETs-related lncRNA signatures. The expression profiles of prognostic mRNAs and lncRNAs and relevant clinical data of NSCLC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The NETs-related genes came from the results of our transcriptome RNA microarray data. The co-expression network of lncRNAs and NETs-related genes was structured to confirm NETs-related lncRNAs. The 19 lncRNAs correlated with overall survival (OS) were selected by exploiting univariate Cox regression (P < 0.05). Lasso regression and multivariate Cox regression (P < 0.05) were utilized to develop a 12-NETs-related lncRNA signature. We established a risk score based on the signature, which suggested that patients in the high-risk group displayed significantly shorter OS than patients in the low-risk group (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0023 respectively in the two cohorts). The risk score worked as an independent predictive factor for OS in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses (HR> 1, P< 0.001). Additionally, by RT-qPCR, we confirmed that NSCLC cell lines have higher levels of the three adverse prognostic NETs-related lncRNAs than normal lung cells. The expression of lncRNAs significantly increases after NETs stimulation. In short, the 12 NETs-related lncRNAs and their model could play effective roles as molecular markers in predicting survival for NSCLC patients.
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29
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Qi R, Zhao Y, Guo Q, Mi X, Cheng M, Hou W, Zheng H, Hua B. Exosomes in the lung cancer microenvironment: biological functions and potential use as clinical biomarkers. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:333. [PMID: 34193120 PMCID: PMC8247080 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide. however, emerging immunotherapy and targeted therapies continue to show limited efficacy. In the search for new targets for lung cancer treatment, exosomes have become a major focus of research. Exosomes play an important role in the tumour microenvironment (TME) of lung cancer and affect invasion, metastasis, and treatment responses. This review describes our current understanding of the release of exosomes derived from different cells in the TME, the effects of exosomes on T/Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumour-associated macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, and the role of exosomes in the endothelial–mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. In particular, this review focuses on the potential clinical applications of exosomes in the lung cancer microenvironment and their prognostic and diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Qi
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiujun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Mi
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Qindu District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqi Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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30
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Luo Q, Shi W, Dou B, Wang J, Peng W, Liu X, Zhao D, Tang F, Wu Y, Li X, Li J, Wen S, Zhang C, Duan C. XBP1- IGFBP3 Signaling Pathway Promotes NSCLC Invasion and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654995. [PMID: 34094948 PMCID: PMC8169999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the main cause of cancer death in the world. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), which is an important transcription factor involved in regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR) during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, might act as a potent oncogenic protein in the processes of tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation and metastasis in various cancers. However, the clinical significance and pathological role of XBP1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of XBP1s protein in the 104 NSCLC tumor tissues and matched adjacent normal lung tissues (ANLT) by Immunohistochemical (IHC), and we found overexpressed XBP1s protein was associated with NSCLC TNM stages, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. The further gain-and loss-of-function experiments indicated overexpression of XBP1s protein promoted cell invasion, migration and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Further study showed XBP1s protein could upregulate insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) expression, and regulated NSCLC cells invasion and metastasis by regulating IGFBP3. Taken together, XBP1s protein is markedly overexpressed in NSCLC and serves as an oncogene that play a critical role in NSCLC tumorigenesis and development. Importantly, XBP1s protein might not only be a potential biomarker for metastasis and prognosis but also a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenwen Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Dou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianyu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deze Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Faqing Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingfang Wu
- Centre of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xizhe Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqi Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaojun Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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31
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Massey AE, Malik S, Sikander M, Doxtater KA, Tripathi MK, Khan S, Yallapu MM, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Hafeez BB. Clinical Implications of Exosomes: Targeted Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105278. [PMID: 34067896 PMCID: PMC8156384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles generated by cells for intercellular communication. Due to their composition, significant research has been conducted to transform these particles into specific delivery systems for various disease states. In this review, we discuss the common isolation and loading methods of exosomes, some of the major roles of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment, as well as discuss recent applications of exosomes as drug delivery vessels and the resulting clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Massey
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Shabnam Malik
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Mohammad Sikander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Kyle A. Doxtater
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Manish K. Tripathi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.C.); (B.B.H.)
| | - Bilal B. Hafeez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.M.); (M.S.); (K.A.D.); (M.K.T.); (S.K.); (M.M.Y.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.C.); (B.B.H.)
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Fu Y, Liu L, Zhan J, Zhan H, Qiu C. LncRNA GAS5 expression in non-small cell lung cancer tissues and its correlation with Ki67 and EGFR. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:4900-4907. [PMID: 34150073 PMCID: PMC8205762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research explored and analyzed LncRNA GAS5 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and its correlation with Ki67 and EGFR. METHODS A total of 130 samples of paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissues and para-cancerous normal tissues that were collected in the Department of Pathology from January 2014 to April 2016 were selected. The relative expression of LncRNA GAS5 and Ki67/EGFR in both NSCLC tissues and para-cancerous normal tissues were detected via RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Subsequently, we analyzed the relative expression of LncRNA GAS5, the expression of Ki67/EGFR and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients, and studied the correlation between LncRNA GAS5 and Ki67/EGFR. RESULTS The relative expression of LncRNA GAS5 in NSCLC tissues was substantially less than that of the para-cancerous normal tissues (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of Ki67/EGFR in NSCLC tissues remarkably exceeded that in para-cancerous normal tissues (P<0.05). The relative expression of LncRNA GAS5 was correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of Ki67 and EGFR in NSCLC tissues was related to TNM stage and metastasis of lymph node (P<0.05). In addition, the survival of patients with high LncRNA GAS5 expression was obviously superior to those with low LncRNA GAS5 expression (P<0.05), patients with negative Ki67 had superior survival than those with positive Ki67 (P<0.05), and patients with negative EGFR had increased survival over those with positive EGFR (P<0.05). Moreover, the positive rates of Ki67 and EGFR in patients with low LncRNA GAS5 expressions were obviously higher than those with high LncRNA GAS5 expressions (P<0.05). The relative expression level of LncRNA GAS5 in NSCLC patients had a remarkably negative correlation with Ki67 and EGFR (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The decrease in LncRNA GAS5 expression and the over-express of Ki67/EGFR occur in NSCLC tissues, the expressions of LncRNA GAS5, Ki67 and EGFR are connected with the progression, metastasis and prognosis of tumor; and LncRNA GAS5 is related to the expression of Ki67 and EGFR. These three factors are involved in the tumorigenesis and growth of the NSCLC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)Haikou 570311, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)Haikou 570311, China
| | - Jiabin Zhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)Haikou 570311, China
| | - Huijuan Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)Haikou 570311, China
| | - Chun Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University)Haikou 570311, China
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Goričar K, Dolžan V, Lenassi M. Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Tool Facilitating Personalized Medicine and Pharmacogenomics in Oncology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:671298. [PMID: 33995103 PMCID: PMC8120271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.671298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers that can guide cancer therapy based on patients' individual cancer molecular signature can enable a more effective treatment with fewer adverse events. Data on actionable somatic mutations and germline genetic variants, studied by personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics, can be obtained from tumor tissue or blood samples. As tissue biopsy cannot reflect the heterogeneity of the tumor or its temporal changes, liquid biopsy is a promising alternative approach. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential source of biomarkers in liquid biopsy. EVs are a heterogeneous population of membrane bound particles, which are released from all cells and accumulate into body fluids. They contain various proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (miRNA, mRNA, and DNA) and metabolites. In cancer, EV biomolecular composition and concentration are changed. Tumor EVs can promote the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment and pre-metastatic niche formation, and contribute to transfer of oncogenic potential or drug resistance during chemotherapy. This makes them a promising source of minimally invasive biomarkers. A limited number of clinical studies investigated EVs to monitor cancer progression, tumor evolution or drug resistance and several putative EV-bound protein and RNA biomarkers were identified. This review is focused on EVs as novel biomarker source for personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics in oncology. As several pharmacogenes and genes associated with targeted therapy, chemotherapy or hormonal therapy were already detected in EVs, they might be used for fine-tuning personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Metka Lenassi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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34
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Maleki S, Jabalee J, Garnis C. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Resistance to Anticancer Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4166. [PMID: 33920605 PMCID: PMC8073860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advances in targeted therapies have driven great progress in cancer treatment and outcomes, drug resistance remains a major obstacle to improving patient survival. Several mechanisms are involved in developing resistance to both conventional chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapies, including drug efflux, secondary mutations, compensatory genetic alterations occurring upstream or downstream of a drug target, oncogenic bypass, drug activation and inactivation, and DNA damage repair. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound lipid bilayer vesicles that are involved in cell-cell communication and regulating biological processes. EVs derived from cancer cells play critical roles in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance by delivering protein and genetic material to cells of the tumor microenvironment. Understanding the biochemical and genetic mechanisms underlying drug resistance will aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Herein, we review the role of EVs as mediators of drug resistance in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Maleki
- Postgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Oncology, Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.M.); (J.J.)
| | - James Jabalee
- Postgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Oncology, Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.M.); (J.J.)
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Postgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Oncology, Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (S.M.); (J.J.)
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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35
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Yu M, Song XG, Zhao YJ, Dong XH, Niu LM, Zhang ZJ, Shang XL, Tang YY, Song XR, Xie L. Circulating Serum Exosomal Long Non-Coding RNAs FOXD2-AS1, NRIR, and XLOC_009459 as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:618967. [PMID: 33777763 PMCID: PMC7996089 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.618967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes derived from cancer cells encapsulate various kinds of tumor-specific molecules and thus can interact with adjacent or distant cells to mediate information exchange. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in exosomes have the potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in different types of cancers. The current study was aimed to identify circulating exosomal lncRNAs for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Exosomes were isolated from the serum by ultracentrifugation and verified by transmission electron microscope (TEM), qNano, and immunoblotting. Exosomal lncRNAs FOXD2-AS1, NRIR, and XLOC_009459 were selected by lncRNA microarray and validated by qPCR in 203 CRC patients and 201 healthy donors. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to assess the diagnostic efficiency of serum exosomal lncRNAs. Results Exosomal FOXD2-AS1, NRIR, and XLOC_009459 (TCONS_00020073) levels were significantly upregulated in 203 CRC patients and 80 early-stage CRC patients compared to 201 healthy donors, possessing the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.728, 0.660, and 0.682 for CRC, as well as 0.743, 0.660, and 0.689 for early-stage CRC, respectively. Notably, their combination demonstrated the markedly elevated AUC of 0.736 for CRC and 0.758 for early-stage CRC, indicating their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. Conclusions Our data suggested that exosomal lncRNAs FOXD2-AS1, NRIR, and XLOC_009459 act as the promising biomarkers for the diagnostics of CRC and early-stage CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Qilu Medical Inspection Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Xing-Guo Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Jing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Han Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Li-Min Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - You-Yong Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xian-Rang Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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36
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Mohammadi R, Hosseini SA, Noruzi S, Ebrahimzadeh A, Sahebkar A. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Exosome Nanovesicles in Lung Cancer: State-of-The-Art. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:83-100. [PMID: 33645488 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210301085318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant disease with a frequency of various morbidity, mortality, and poor prognosis in patients that the conventional therapeutic approaches are not efficient sufficiently. Recently, with the discovery of exosomes, researchers have examined new approaches in the development, diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery of various cancer, such as lung cancer, and display various its potential. Investigation of exosome-derived lung cancer cells contents and preparation of their exhaustive profile by advanced technics such as labeling exosome with nanoparticle and types of mass spectroscopy methods will assist researchers for take advantage of the specific properties of exosomes. Moreover, scientists will present encouraging ways for the treatment of lung cancer with loaded of drugs, proteins, microRNA, and siRNA in specific antigen targeted exosomes. This manuscript will include brief details on the role of exosomes as a novel prognostic biomarker (by the content of lipid, surface and internal protein, miRNAs, and LnRNAs) and therapeutic agent (as vaccine and targeted drug delivery) in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Seyede A Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Somaye Noruzi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd. Iran
| | - Ailin Ebrahimzadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Science, Bojnurd. Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
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37
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Huang X, Liu X, Du B, Liu X, Xue M, Yan Q, Wang X, Wang Q. LncRNA LINC01305 promotes cervical cancer progression through KHSRP and exosome-mediated transfer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19230-19242. [PMID: 33638945 PMCID: PMC8386557 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the deadliest female malignancies worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators for cancer progression. This study aimed to elucidate the role of lncRNA LINC01305 in the progression of CC. We found where LINC01305 was expressed in CC tissues and its correlation with the survival rate of CC patients. Functional experiments were performed to elucidate the effect of LINC01305 on CC. The results showed that LINC01305 was increased in CC tumor tissues and was correlated with a lower survival rate. The overexpression and knockdown of LINC01305 enhanced and inhibited the progression of CC, respectively. Additionally, the upregulation of LINC01305 promoted tumor growth in xenograft mice. Moreover, the effect of LINC01305 on CC was mediated through interacting with the RNA-binding protein, KHSRP. Furthermore, LINC01305 was mainly distributed in exosomes and was transferred to recipient cells to enhance CC progression. Lastly, LINC01305 may participate in the regulation of the stemness of CC. Taken together, the results suggest that LINC01305 promotes the progression of CC through KHSRP and that LINC01305 is released through exosomes and is involved in the stemness of CC. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanism underlying the progression of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxia Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Jinan City People's Hospital), Jinan 271199, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Jinan City People's Hospital), Jinan 271199, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Bo Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Jinan City People's Hospital), Jinan 271199, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Jinan City People's Hospital), Jinan 271199, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Jinan City People's Hospital), Jinan 271199, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qingxin Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Jinan City People's Hospital), Jinan 271199, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Jinan City People's Hospital), Jinan 271199, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, P.R. China
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Exosomal long non-coding RNA LINC00662 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by miR-320d/E2F1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6010-6024. [PMID: 33589572 PMCID: PMC7950287 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common tumor affecting modern people and is associated with severe morbidity and high mortality. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs as crucial regulators are involved in cancer progression. However, the role of exosomal lncRNA LINC00662 in the development of NSCLC remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the impact of exosomal lncRNA LINC00662 on the NSCLC progression and the underlying mechanism. Significantly, we revealed that the expression of lncRNA LINC00662 was elevated in the plasma exosome of NSCLC patients. Exosomal LINC00662 promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration, and inhibited apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of NSCLC cells. Mechanically, LINC00662 was able to serve as a miR-320d sponge in NSCLC cells. MiR-320d could target E2F1 in NSCLC cells. Exosomal LINC00662 contributed to the progression of NSCLC by miR-320d/E2F1 axis in vitro. Remarkably, exosomal LINC00662 enhanced the tumor growth of NSCLC in vivo. Thus, we conclude that exosomal lncRNA LINC00662 promotes NSCLC progression by modulating miR-320d/E2F1 axis. Our finding provides new insights into the mechanism by which exosomal lncRNA LINC00662 contributes to the development of NSCLC. LncRNA LINC00662, miR-320d, and E2F1 may serve as potential targets for NSCLC therapy.
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Da M, Jiang H, Xie Y, Jin W, Han S. The Biological Roles of Exosomal Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:271-287. [PMID: 33488093 PMCID: PMC7814250 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has many treatment strategies, cancer is still one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be secreted by almost all cells. Exosomes can encapsulate various types of molecules, including lipids, proteins, DNA, messenger RNAs, and non-coding RNAs [microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)]. Exosome release is a way of communication between cells. They act as powerful signaling molecules between cancer cells and the surrounding cells that make up the cancer microenvironment. lncRNAs are a class of non-coding P, with a length of more than 200 bp, which are differentially expressed in many cancers. lncRNAs have been widely regarded as a new medium for cancer behavior. The presence of lncRNAs in circulation can be acellular or encapsulated in exosomal bodies released by cancer cells. Exosomal lncRNAs are functional and can transmit different phenotypic patterns to neighboring cells. Here, we reviewed the molecular mechanism of exosomal lncRNAs in regulating cancer progression, angiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance, as well as the prospective applications of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. These findings potentially promote the current understanding of exosomal lncRNAs and provide a new research direction for exosomal lncRNAs in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Da
- Department of Nursing, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Cancers of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanxun District People's Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Han
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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40
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Mostafazadeh M, Samadi N, Kahroba H, Baradaran B, Haiaty S, Nouri M. Potential roles and prognostic significance of exosomes in cancer drug resistance. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:1. [PMID: 33407894 PMCID: PMC7789218 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major impediment in cancer therapy which strongly reduces the efficiency of anti-cancer drugs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with cup or spherical shape with a size range of 40-150 nm released by eukaryotic cells that contain genetic materials, proteins, and lipids which mediate a specific cell-to-cell communication. The potential roles of exosomes in intrinsic and acquired drug resistance have been reported in several studies. Furthermore, a line of evidence suggested that the content of exosomes released from tumor cells in biological samples may be associated with the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. In this review, we highlighted the recent studies regarding the potential roles of exosomes in tumor initiation, progression, and chemoresistance. This study suggests the possible role of exosomes for drug delivery and their contents in prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mostafazadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanya Haiaty
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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41
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Qian X, Qu H, Zhang F, Peng S, Dou D, Yang Y, Ding Y, Xie M, Dong H, Liao Y, Han M. Exosomal long noncoding RNA AGAP2-AS1 regulates trastuzumab resistance via inducing autophagy in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1962-1981. [PMID: 34094664 PMCID: PMC8167703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab has been widely used for treatment of HER-2-positive breast cancer patients, however, the clinical response has been restricted due to emergence of resistance. Recent studies indicate that long noncoding RNA AGAP2-AS1 (lncRNA AGAP2-AS1) plays an important role in cancer resistance. However, the precise regulatory function and therapeutic potential of AGAP2-AS1 in trastuzumab resistance is still not defined. In this study, we sought to reveal the essential role of AGAP2-AS1 in trastuzumab resistance. Our results suggest that AGAP2-AS1 disseminates trastuzumab resistance via packaging into exosomes. Exosomal AGAP2-AS1 induces trastuzumab resistance via modulating ATG10 expression and autophagy activity. Mechanically, AGAP2-AS1 is associated with ELAVL1 protein, and the AGAP2-AS1-ELAVL1 complex could directly bind to the promoter region of ATG10, inducing H3K27ac and H3K4me3 enrichment, which finally activates ATG10 transcription. AGAP2-AS1-targeting antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) substantially increased trastuzumab-induced cytotoxicity. Clinically, increased expression of serum exosomal AGAP2-AS1 was associate with poor response to trastuzumab treatment. In conclusion, exosomal AGAP2-AS1 increased trastuzumab resistance via promoting ATG10 expression and inducing autophagy. Therefore, AGAP2-AS1 may serve as predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for HER-2+ breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueke Qian
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongbo Qu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou City Hunan 423000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou 570311, China
| | - Shujia Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongwei Dou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yunqing Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yichao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou 570311, China
| | - Mingwei Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou 570311, China
| | - Huaying Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou 570311, China
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University Haikou 570311, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Mingli Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Han J, Qu H, Han M, Ding Y, Xie M, Hu J, Chen Y, Dong H. MSC-induced lncRNA AGAP2-AS1 promotes stemness and trastuzumab resistance through regulating CPT1 expression and fatty acid oxidation in breast cancer. Oncogene 2020; 40:833-847. [PMID: 33273726 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab resistance has been becoming a major obstacle for treatment of HER-2-positive breast cancer patients. Increasing evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play critical roles during the formation of drug resistance, however, the underlying mechanism is not well known. In this study, mass spectrometry, RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed to verify the direct interactions among AGAP2-AS1 and other associated targets, such as human antigen R (HuR), miR-15a-5p, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1). In vitro and in vivo experimental assays were done to clarify the functional role of AGAP2-AS1 in trastuzumab resistance, stemness, and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). The results showed that MSC co-culture induced trastuzumab resistance. AGAP2-AS1 was upregulated in MSC-cultured cells, and knockdown of AGAP2-AS1 reversed the MSC-mediated trastuzumab resistance. Furthermore, MSC culture-induced AGAP2-AS1 regulates stemness and trastuzumab resistance via activating FAO. Mechanistically, AGAP2-AS1 is associated with HuR, and the AGAP2-AS1-HuR complex could directly bind to the CPT1, increasing its expression via improving RNA stability. In addition, AGAP2-AS1 could serve as ceRNA via sponging miR-15a-5p and releasing CPT1 mRNA. Clinically, increased expression of serum AGAP2-AS1 predicts poor response to trastuzumab treatment in breast cancer patients. In conclusion, MSC culture-induced AGAP2-AS1 caused stemness and trastuzumab resistance via promoting CPT1 expression and inducing FAO. Our results provide new insight of the role of MSCs in trastuzumab resistance and AGAP2-AS1 could be promising predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for HER-2+ breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Hongbo Qu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou City, 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Mingli Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yichao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Mingwei Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanwen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Renji Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, China, 400062, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaying Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, China.
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Karimzadeh MR, Seyedtaghia MR, Soudyab M, Nezamnia M, Kidde J, Sahebkar A. Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs: Insights into Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications in Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:7630197. [PMID: 33224198 PMCID: PMC7671817 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7630197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Annually, millions of people die from lung cancer because of late detection and ineffective therapies. Recently, exosomes have been introduced as new therapeutic players with the potential to improve upon current diagnostic and treatment options. Exosomes are small membranous vesicles produced during endosomal merging. This allows for cell packaging of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids and transfer to adjacent or distant cells. While exosomes are a part of normal intercellular signaling, they also allow malignant cells to transfer oncogenic material leading to tumor spread and metastasis. Exosomes are an interesting field of discovery for biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Among exosomal materials, lncRNAs have priority; lncRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs longer than 200 base pairs. In the case of cancer, primary interest regards their oncogene and tumor suppressor functions. In this review, the advantages of exosomal lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets will be discussed in addition to reviewing studies of their application in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Seyedtaghia
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soudyab
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maria Nezamnia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Jason Kidde
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
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Fan T, Sun N, He J. Exosome-Derived LncRNAs in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1728. [PMID: 33072553 PMCID: PMC7538687 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As extracellular vesicles, exosomes are released from most cells to perform cell–cell communication. Recent studies have shown that exosomes could be released into tumor microenvironment and blood to promote tumor progression through packaging and transmitting various bioactive molecules, such as cholesterol, proteins, lipids, miRNAs, mRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to distant cells. LncRNAs have emerged as a major class of non-coding transcripts. A lot of LncRNAs have been discovered during the past few years of research on genomics. They have been proven to participate in various biological functions and disease processes through multiple mechanisms. In this review, we analyzed the role of exosome-derived lncRNAs in lung carcinogenesis and metastasis. We also highlight opportunities for the clinical potential of exosomes with specific lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic intervention in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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45
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Lu X, Zhang Y, Xie G, Ding Y, Cong H, Xuan S. Exosomal non‑coding RNAs: Novel biomarkers with emerging clinical applications in gastric cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4091-4100. [PMID: 33000279 PMCID: PMC7533435 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of malignant tumor and it demonstrates high mortality rates. The majority of cases of GC are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which seriously endangers the health of the patient. Therefore, discovering a novel diagnostic method for GC is a current priority. Exosomes are 40 to 150-nm-diameter vesicles consisting of a lipid bilayer secreted by a variety of cells that exist in multiple different types of body fluids. Exosomes contain diverse types of active substances, including RNAs, proteins and lipids, and play important roles in tumor cell communication, metastasis and neovascularization, as well as tumor growth. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) do not code proteins, and instead have roles in a variety of genetic mechanisms, such as regulating the structure, expression and stability of RNAs, and modulating the translation and function of proteins. In recent years, exosomal ncRNAs have become a novel focus in research. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that exosomal ncRNAs can be used in the prediction and treatment of GC. The present review briefly discusses the role of exosomal ncRNAs as a potential biomarker, and summarizes important regulatory genes involved in the development and progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Guangfei Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Ye Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shihai Xuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Dongtai Hospital of Nantong University, Dongtai, Jiangsu 224200, P.R. China
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Li D, Meng D, Niu R. Exosome-Reversed Chemoresistance to Cisplatin in Non-Small Lung Cancer Through Transferring miR-613. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7961-7972. [PMID: 32943930 PMCID: PMC7481302 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s254310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Chemoresistance is the main reason of adverse effects leading to the death of patients; thus, it is important to discover the potential target of chemotherapeutic resistance. Methods The expression of differentially expressed miRNA was detected in BEAS-2B, A549 and A549/cisplatin (DDP) by qRT-PCR. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and exosome biomarkers were used to validate the extracted exosome. Cells incubated with miR-613 enriched exosomes were used to detect the function of exo-miR-613 in vitro. Then, exo-miR-613 was injected to mice treated with DDP to investigate the function role of exo-miR-613 in vivo. Results Comparing to BEAS-2B, the expression of miR-613 inA549 was significantly reduced, which was more obvious in A549/DDP. After incubated with exo-miR-613 and corresponding exo-negative control (NC), we found overexpression of miR-613 remarkably increased the inhibition of cell proliferation induced by cisplatin. Exo-miR-613 fused into cells to significantly enhance the inhibited effect of DDP on the proliferation, migration and showed a promotion on cell apoptosis and DNA damage. The in vivo study showed that exo-miR-613 significantly inhibited the tumor growth, and promote the sensitivity to DDP, probably by down-regulating the expressions of GJA1, TBP and EIF-4E in tumor cells and tissues. Conclusion Exo-miR-613 reversed chemoresistance to DDP in NSCLC cell to involve in the process of tumor progression, and might be a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Li
- Department of Special Geriatrics, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Debin Meng
- Department of Special Geriatrics, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rungui Niu
- Department of Special Geriatrics, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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47
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Mechanisms of drug resistance mediated by long non-coding RNAs in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:175-187. [PMID: 32843741 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer and has a poor five-year survival rate of 15%. Chemotherapy and targeted therapies have significantly improved patients' prognosis. Nevertheless, after a successful initial response, some patients relapse when cancer cells become resistant to drug treatments, representing an important clinical limitation. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms of drug resistance is of significant importance. Recently, considerable attention has been given to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a heterogeneous class of regulatory molecules that play essential roles in tumorigenesis by modulating genes and signalling pathways involved in cell growth, metastasis and drug response. In this article, we review recent research findings on the role of lncRNAs in drug resistance in NSCLC, highlighting their mechanisms of action.
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48
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The Potential Diagnostic Value of Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs in Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6786875. [PMID: 32879887 PMCID: PMC7448226 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6786875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Exosomes are defined as small membranous vesicles. After RNA content was discovered in exosomes, they emerged as a novel approach for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), a kind of specific RNA transcript, have been reported to function as tumor growth, metastasis, invasion, and prognosis by regulating the tumor microenvironment in exosomes. This study aims at exploring the potential diagnostic of exosomal lncRNA in solid tumors. Methods A meta-analysis conducted from January 2000 to October 2019 identified publications in the English language. We searched all relevant English literature from the Web of Science, EMBASE, and PubMed databases through October 1, 2019. The articles were strictly screened by our criteria and critiqued using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results There were 28 studies with 19 articles (4017 patients) identified, including studies on gastric cancer, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and prostate cancer. A meta-analysis showed that the combined value of sensitivity in 29 studies was 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-0.78), and the combined value of specificity in the studies was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78-0.83). This suggests the high diagnostic efficacy of liquid exosomes in cancer patients. It is statistically insignificant in terms of sex, ethnicity, and year. The diagnostic power of urinary system tumors was found to be higher than that of digestive system tumors by several subgroup analyses. Conclusions We performed a meta-analysis and literature review of 28 studies that included 4017 patients with 10 malignant cancer types. Mechanistically, our study demonstrated that lncRNAs in exosomes could be a promising bioindicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of solid tumors. INPLASY Registration Number: INPLASY202060083.
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Jiang J, Tang Y, Tang Y, Liang X. Extracellular vesicle long non-coding RNA-mediated crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment: Tiny molecules, huge roles. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2726-2735. [PMID: 32437078 PMCID: PMC7419043 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that dynamic crosstalk among cells in the tumor microenvironment modulates the progression and chemotherapeutic responses of cancer. Extracellular vesicles comprise a crucial form of intracellular communication through horizontal transfer of bioactive molecules, including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), to neighboring cells. Three main types of extracellular vesicles are exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, exhibiting a wide range of sizes and different biogenesis. Over the last decade, dysregulation of extracellular vesicle lncRNA has been revealed to remodel the tumor microenvironment and induce aggressive phenotypes of tumor cells, thereby facilitating tumor growth and development. This review will focus on extracellular vesicle lncRNA-mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and recipient cells, including tumor cells as well as stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, and overview the mechanisms by which lncRNA are selectively sorted into extracellular vesicles, which may pave the way for their clinical application in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yan Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer CenterSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Ya‐Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Ya‐ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin‐hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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50
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Wang D, Zhou X, Yin J, Zhou Y. Lnc-PICSAR contributes to cisplatin resistance by miR-485-5p/REV3L axis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:488-500. [PMID: 33817237 PMCID: PMC7874590 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with drug resistance in multiple cancers. We explored the roles of lncRNA p38 inhibited cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma-associated lincRNA (PICSAR) in cisplatin (DDP) resistance of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to measure the expression of lnc-PICSAR, miR-485-5p and reversionless 3-like (REV3L) mRNA. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was conducted to evaluate DDP resistance and cell viability. The transwell assay was performed to determine cell migration and invasion. Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining assay were carried out to measure protein levels. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to investigate the association between miR-485-5p and lnc-PICSAR or REV3L. Murine xenograft model was constructed to explore the function of lnc-PICSAR in vivo. The morphology of exosomes was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Results Lnc-PICSAR was elevated in DDP-resistant CSCC cells. Lnc-PICSAR silencing suppressed cell viability, DDP resistance, migration and invasion in DDP-resistant CSCC cells. MiR-485-5p acted as a target of lnc-PICSAR, and miR-485-5p inhibition reversed the impacts of lnc-PICSAR silencing on DDP resistance and cell progression in DDP-resistant CSCC cells. Lnc-PICSAR promoted REV3L expression via sponging miR-485-5p. Moreover, REV3L overexpression overturned the effects of lnc-PICSAR on cell progression and DDP resistance. Lnc-PICSAR knockdown suppressed DDP resistance in vivo. In addition, lnc-PICSAR was increased in the exosomes derived from CSCC patients’ serum and CSCC cells. Conclusion Lnc-PICSAR enhanced DDP resistance via miR-485-5p/REV3L axis in DDP-resistant CSCC cells. Besides, exosome-mediated lnc-PICSAR might be involved in the regulation of drug resistance in CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Plastic Surgery Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512026, China
| | - Jing Yin
- Department of Interventional Vascular, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, No.166 yulong west road, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224001, China
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