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Alobaidi S, Saleh E. Antihypertensive Property of Celery: A Narrative Review on Current Knowledge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2024; 2024:9792556. [PMID: 38505582 PMCID: PMC10950410 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9792556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background The incidence of hypertension is increasing significantly on a global scale, and it is considered the leading cause of heart disease and death. Despite the availability of hypotensive drugs, they have many side effects that decrease adherence to treatments and lead to uncontrolled blood pressure. Studies have revealed that celery contains bioactive compounds that oppose hypotensive effect. Methods A thorough literature review was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. To identify relevant studies on the topic, our search strategy employed keywords such as "celery," "Apium gravenols L," "hypertension," "high blood pressure," "apigenin," "antihypertensive," and "hypotensive." The search was limited to articles published between January 2013 and December 2023. The inclusion criteria were original research articles that involved both animal and human subjects, published in English, and reported results applicable to the subject of this review. Review articles or articles in the form of theses or books were excluded. Results The available evidence revealed that celery enhances blood pressure parameters. Clinical trials clarified that celery possesses its effect through many bioactive compounds, specifically 3-n-butylphthalide and apigenin. Based on animal and human studies, celery seems to elicit blood pressure regulation mainly by the vasodilatory, diuretic, and calcium channel-blocking properties. Furthermore, celery seed extract seems to exert a bradycardia effect. Conclusion The current literature review showed a considerable number of studies on the hypertensive models, which confirmed that celery and its extracts are effective hypotensive agents. Some limitations in comparing published data should be considered, including differences in doses, extracts, species of celery, and administration form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos Alobaidi
- Nutrition and Food Technology Department, Agriculture School, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eman Saleh
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Allied Medical Sciences College, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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2
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Lu LQ, Li NS, Li MR, Peng JY, Tang LJ, Luo XJ, Peng J. DL-3-n-butylphthalide improves the endothelium-dependent vasodilation in high-fat diet-fed ApoE -/- mice via suppressing inflammation, endothelial necroptosis and apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175938. [PMID: 37536623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in atherosclerosis is a high-risk factor for myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, and inflammation, necroptosis and apoptosis contribute to endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Although DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) has been widely used in treating ischemic stroke, its effect on endothelium-dependent vasodilation remains unknown. This study aims to explore whether NBP is able to improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation in atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms. Male ApoE-/- mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 9-16 weeks to establish a model of atherosclerosis. NBP were given to the mice after eating HFD for 6 weeks and atorvastatin served as a positive control. The endothelium-dependent vasodilation, the blood flow velocity, the atherosclerotic lesion area, the serum levels of lipids, inflammatory cytokines and necroptosis-relevant proteins (RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL), and the endothelial necroptosis and apoptosis within the aorta were measured. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 48 h to mimic endothelial injury in atherosclerosis, lactate dehydrogenase release, the ratio of necroptosis and apoptosis and the expression of necroptosis-relevant proteins were examined. Similar to atorvastatin, NBP improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation, decreases aortic flow velocity and reduces atherosclerotic lesion area in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice, concomitant with a reduction in serum lipids, inflammatory cytokines and necroptosis-relevant proteins, and endothelial necroptosis and apoptosis. Consistently, NBP inhibited necroptosis and apoptosis in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. Based on these observations, we conclude that NBP exerts beneficial effects on improving the endothelium-dependent vasodilation in atherosclerosis via suppressing inflammation, endothelial necroptosis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Nian-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ming-Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Li-Jing Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Shayani Rad M, Moohebati M, Mohajeri SA. Beneficial effects of celery seed extract (Apium graveolens), as a supplement, on anxiety and depression in hypertensive patients: a randomized clinical trial. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:395-410. [PMID: 36334223 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are crucial public health issues, affecting the rising in hospitalizations and death. Anxiety and depression can worsen hypertension and vice versa. OBJECTIVE The current study has investigated the effects of celery seed extract, as a drug supplement, with the active ingredient of 3-n-butylphthalide, on mental problems primarily anxiety and secondary depression in hypertensive patients. DESIGN The current study was a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, 4-week clinical trial with a 4-week washout period. Fifty hypertensive patients received 4 placebo or celery seed extract capsules (1.34 g per day) for 4 weeks as a supplement to their usual medication regimen. The blood pressure parameters were assessed using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device. Anxiety and depression and their wide range of symptoms were evaluated using Beck anxiety and depression inventories (BAI and BDI). RESULTS In the celery treatment step, the mean reduction in BAI and BDI scores were 6.78 (P < 0.001) and 3.63 (P < 0.01), respectively. Some symptoms of anxiety including unable to relax, nervousness, numbness, dizziness, flushed face, sweating, and breathing difficulty were significantly improved by celery consumption (P < 0.001). Celery could decrease symptoms of depression such as sadness, crying, loss of energy, insomnia, irritability, fatigue, loss of interest in sex, and punishment feeling (P < 0.01). The mean reduction in blood pressure parameters was also significant during celery therapy (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of anxiety and depression were investigated and the results were promising. The results indicated the anti-anxiety and anti-depressive properties of celery seed extract as a supplement in hypertensive patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry name: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), Registration number: IRCT20130418013058N8, Registration link: https://www.irct.ir/trial/30021 . The study was carried out between 2018-09-21 and 2020-07-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shayani Rad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee (SRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Han L, Wang Q, Liu X. The effect of butylphthalide on aminoacid content in the brain of epileptic mice. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022; 74:746-751. [PMID: 26990195 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.16.04415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to observe the effect of butylphthalide (NBP) on the amino acid content in the brain of epileptic mice. METHODS NBP was injected intraperitoneally into the mice, and acute epileptic mice models were made after 30 minutes. The change of the four amino (aspartic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, glycine) content in the brain of the epileptic mice was investigated. RESULTS The contents of Glu and Glu/GABA (control group: 38.78, NBP high-dose group: 5.52) in the NBP high-dose group were lower compared with the control group. The difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS NBP could regulate the balance of excitement and inhibition systems by reducing the contents of Glu and Glu/GABA, which might relieve seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China -
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Knez E, Kadac-Czapska K, Dmochowska-Ślęzak K, Grembecka M. Root Vegetables-Composition, Health Effects, and Contaminants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15531. [PMID: 36497603 PMCID: PMC9735862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Root vegetables are known all over the world, but they are being less and less consumed by individuals. The main purpose of this article was to summarize the benefits, health effects, and threats associated with the consumption of carrot, celery, parsley, beetroot, radish, turnip, and horseradish. They are characterized by high nutritional value due to their richness in dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. One of their most important features is their high content of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, phenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C. These compounds are responsible for antioxidant potential. Comparison of their antioxidant effects is difficult due to the lack of standardization among methods used for their assessment. Therefore, there is a need for a reference method that would allow for correct interpretation. Moreover, root vegetables are characterized by several health-promoting effects, including the regulation of metabolic parameters (glucose level, lipid profile, and blood pressure), antioxidant potential, prebiotic function, and anti-cancer properties. However, due to the type of cultivation, root vegetables are vulnerable to contaminants from the soil, such as toxic metals (lead and cadmium), pesticides, pharmaceutical residues, microplastics, and nitrates. Regardless, the low levels of toxic substances present in root vegetables do not pose health risks to the average consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Av. 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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Bioactive Natural Products against Systemic Arterial Hypertension: A Past 20-Year Systematic and Prospective Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8499625. [PMID: 35769156 PMCID: PMC9236778 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8499625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Systemic arterial hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular risks, corresponding to 45% of deaths involving CVDs. The use of natural products, such as medicinal plants, belongs to a millennial part of human therapeutics history and has been employed as an alternative anti-hypertensive treatment. Objective. The present review aims to prospect some natural products already experimentally assayed against arterial hypertension through scientific virtual libraries and patent documents over the past 20 years. Search strategy. This is a systematic review of the adoption of the PRISMA protocol and a survey of the scientific literature that synthesizes the results from published articles between 2001 and 2020 concerning the use of medicinal plants in the management of hypertension, including which parts of the plant or organism are used, as well as the mechanisms of action underlying the anti-hypertensive effect. Furthermore, a technological prospection was also carried out in patent offices from different countries in order to check technologies based on natural products claimed for the treatment or prevention of hypertension. Inclusion criteria. Scientific articles where a natural product had been experimentally assayed for anti-hypertensive activity (part of plants, plant extracts, and products derived from other organisms) were included. Data extraction and analysis. The selected abstracts of the articles and patent documents were submitted to a rigorous reading process. Those articles and patents that were not related to anti-hypertensive effects and claimed potential applications were excluded from the search. Results. Eighty specimens of biological species that showed anti-hypertensive activity were recovered, with 01 representative from the kingdom Fungi and 02 from the kingdom Protista, with emphasis on the families Asteraceae and Lamiaceae, with 6 representatives each. Leaves and aerial parts were the most used parts of the plants for the extraction of anti-hypertensive products, with maceration being the most used extraction method. Regarding phytochemical analyses, the most described classes of biomolecules in the reviewed works were alkaloids, terpenes, coumarins, flavonoids, and peptides, with the reduction of oxidative stress and the release of NO among the mechanisms of action most involved in this process. Regarding the number of patent filings, China was the country that stood out as the main one, with 813 registrations. Conclusion. The anti-hypertensive activity of natural products is still little explored in Western countries. Besides, China and India have shown more results in this area than other countries, confirming the strong influence of traditional medicine in these countries.
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Shayani Rad M, Moohebati M, Mohajeri SA. Effect of celery (Apium graveolens) seed extract on hypertension: A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, clinical trial. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2889-2907. [PMID: 35624525 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the antihypertensive effects of celery seed extract (Apium graveolens) with active ingredients, such as 3-n-butylphthalide, were studied as a drug supplement in the treatment of hypertension. This study was a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial. Fifty-two patients were divided into two groups (celery and placebo) and completed the two-step clinical trial. Four celery seed extract capsules (totally 1.34 g per day) or 4 placebo capsules per day were administered to the patients during a 4-week clinical trial. The blood pressure was assessed using a 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure monitoring method. In celery group, systolic blood pressure changed from 141.2 ± 5.91 to 130.0 ± 4.38 mmHg (p < .001) while diastolic blood pressure changed from 92.2 ± 5.74 to 84.2 ± 4.87 mmHg (p < .001). Moreover, the mean arterial blood pressure changed from 108.5 ± 5.76 to 99.5 ± 4.66 mmHg (p < .001), and pulse pressure decreased from 49.0 ± 6.21 to 45.8 ± 6.01 mmHg (p < .01). However, no significant changes were observed in placebo group in terms of the above-mentioned parameters (p > .05). Furthermore, no significant side effect was reported in the celery group, compared to the placebo group (p > .05). The results were promising and indicated the therapeutic effects of celery seed extract as a supplement in the management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shayani Rad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee (SRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moohebati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Safety evaluation and biochemical efficacy of celery seed extract (Apium Graveolens) capsules in hypertensive patients: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, clinical trial. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1669-1684. [PMID: 35536382 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety of celery seed extract (Apium graveolens), as a medicinal herb with active ingredients such as 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), in hypertensive patients. This study was a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial. Hypertensive patients (51 participants) received 4 celery seed capsules (a total of 1.34 g extract per day) or 4 placebo capsules per day for 4 weeks as a supplement to their usual medication regimen. The results indicated that the celery seed capsule not only was safe for hypertensive patients but also caused a reduction in BP, FBS, and lipid profile values. Also, it had beneficial effects on kidney and liver functions. No significant change was observed in blood cells and serum electrolytes (p > 0.05). The mean reduction in BUN and SCr were 3.43 and 0.075 mg/dL, and in SGPT and SGOT were 4.08 and 3.03 U/L, respectively (p < 0.05). FBS reduced from 108.53 to 97.96 mg/dL after 4 weeks of celery administration (p < 0.01). The decrease in TC, TG, LDL, and increase in HDL were 16.37, 16.22, 11.84, and 2.52 mg/dL, respectively (p < 0.001). According to the promising results of this clinical trial, celery seed extract can be considered a safe supplement for hypertensive patients. The study is limited by the small sample size; therefore, larger randomized trials are required.
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9
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Xu J, Tang Z, He Y, Cai S, Wang B, Zhang S, Wu M, Qian K, Zhang K, Chai B, Chen G, Xu K, Ji H, Xiao J, Wu Y. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy by Ameliorating Excessive Fibrosis and Podocyte Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628950. [PMID: 34497508 PMCID: PMC8419457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common diabetes associated complication. Thus, it is important to understand the pathological mechanism of DN and find the appropriate therapeutic strategy for it. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (DL-NBP) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and been widely used for the treatment of stroke and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we selected three different doses (20, 60, and 120 mg⋅kg-1 d-1) of DL-NBP and attempted to elucidate its role and molecular mechanism underlying DN. We found that DL-NBP, especially at the dose of 60 or 120 mg⋅kg-1 d-1, could significantly ameliorate diabetes-induced elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level, and alleviate renal fibrosis. Additionally, the elevated expressions of collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the kidney from db/db mice were found to be significantly suppressed after DL-NBP treatment. Furthermore, mechanistic studies revealed that DL-NBP inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, thereby ameliorating the development of renal fibrosis. Moreover, we found that DL-NBP could not only reduce the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), but also suppress activation of the renin-angiotensin system to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level, which subsequently reduces the podocyte apoptosis in kidney of db/db mice. In a word, our findings suggest that DL-NBP may be a potential therapeutic drug in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zonghao Tang
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Youwu He
- Department of hand and plastic surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Cai
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Beini Wang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Susu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Man Wu
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kai Qian
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kailun Zhang
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Chai
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Ji
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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10
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Dong Z, Dai H, Feng Z, Liu W, Gao Y, Liu F, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Dong X, Zhao Q, Zhou X, Du J, Liu B. Mechanism of herbal medicine on hypertensive nephropathy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:234. [PMID: 33537809 PMCID: PMC7893801 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy is the most common complication of hypertension, and is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in numerous countries. The basic pathological feature of hypertensive nephropathy is arteriolosclerosis followed by renal parenchymal damage. The etiology of this disease is complex, and its pathogenesis is mainly associated with renal hemodynamic changes and vascular remodeling. Despite the increased knowledge on the pathogenesis of hypertensive nephropathy, the current clinical treatment methods are still not effective in preventing the development of the disease to ESRD. Herbal medicine, which is used to relieve symptoms, can improve hypertensive nephropathy through multiple targets. Since there are few clinical studies on the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy with herbal medicine, this article aims to review the progress on the basic research on the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy with herbal medicine, including regulation of the renin angiotensin system, inhibition of sympathetic excitation, antioxidant stress and anti-inflammatory protection of endothelial cells, and improvement of obesity-associated factors. Herbal medicine with different components plays a synergistic and multi-target role in the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy. The description of the mechanism of herbal medicine in the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy will contribute towards the progress of modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocheng Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Dai
- Shunyi Branch, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing 101300, P.R. China
| | - Zhandong Feng
- Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital Pinggu Hospital, Beijing 101200, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Qihan Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jieli Du
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
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11
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Marco-Contelles J, Zhang Y. From Seeds of Apium graveolens Linn. to a Cerebral Ischemia Medicine: The Long Journey of 3- n-Butylphthalide. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12485-12510. [PMID: 32672958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) as well as its derivatives and analogues (NBPs), in racemic or enantiomerically pure forms, possess potent and diverse pharmacological properties and have shown a great potential therapeutic interest for many human conditions, especially for cerebral ischemia. This Perspective outlines the synthesis and therapeutic applications of NBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.,Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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12
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Luo R, Wangqin R, Zhu L, Bi W. Neuroprotective mechanisms of 3-n-butylphthalide in neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Rep 2019; 11:235-240. [PMID: 31798868 PMCID: PMC6873419 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) was approved by the China Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute ischemia stroke in 2002, a number of studies have investigated NBP worldwide. In recent years, NBP has also demonstrated potential as treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases, which has increased the interest in its mechanisms of protection and action. Clinical studies and studies that used cell or animal models, have directly demonstrated neuroprotective effects of NBP via the following mechanisms: i) Inhibiting the inflammatory reaction; ii) reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress; iii) regulating apoptosis and autophagy; iv) inducing resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress; and v) decreasing abnormal protein deposition. Therefore, NBP may be a potential drug for neurodegenerative diseases, and it is particularly important to identify the mechanism of NBP as it may assist with the development of new drugs for neurodegeneration. The present review summarizes the neuroprotective mechanisms of NBP and discusses new perspectives and prospects. The aim of the current review is to provide a new summary regarding NBP and its associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixin Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Runqi Wangqin
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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13
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Hedayati N, Bemani Naeini M, Mohammadinejad A, Mohajeri SA. Beneficial effects of celery (
Apium graveolens
) on metabolic syndrome: A review of the existing evidences. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3040-3053. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Hedayati
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mehri Bemani Naeini
- Nanotechnology Research CenterMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Arash Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of ChemistryPayame Noor University Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Xu DD, Li WT, Jiang D, Wu HG, Ren MS, Chen MQ, Wu YB. 3-N-Butylphthalide mitigates high glucose-induced injury to Schwann cells: association with nitrosation and apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:513-518. [PMID: 30539821 PMCID: PMC6334601 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.245590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A high glucose state readily causes peripheral axon atrophy, demyelination, loss of nerve fiber function, and delayed regeneration. However, few studies have examined whether nitration is also critical for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of high glucose on proliferation, apoptosis, and 3-nitrotyrosine levels of Schwann cells treated with butylphthalide. In addition, we explored potential protective mechanisms of butylphthalide on peripheral nerves. Schwann cells were cultured in vitro with high glucose then stimulated with the peroxynitrite anion inhibitors uric acid and 3-n-butylphthalide for 48 hours. Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry were used to investigate the effects of uric acid and 3-n-butylphthalide on proliferation and apoptosis of Schwann cells exposed to a high glucose environment. Effects of uric acid and 3-n-butylphthalide on levels of 3-nitrotyrosine in Schwann cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that Schwann cells cultured in high glucose showed decreased proliferation, but increased apoptosis and intracellular 3-nitrotyrosine levels. However, intervention with uric acid or 3-n-butylphthalide could increase proliferation of Schwann cells cultured in high glucose, and inhibited apoptosis and intracellular 3-nitrotyrosine levels. According to our data, 3-n-butylphthalide may inhibit cell nitrification and apoptosis, and promote cell proliferation, thereby reducing damage to Schwann cells caused by high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China; Department of Neurology, Anhui Second People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Ting Li
- Department of Infection, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Anhui Second People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huai-Guo Wu
- Department of Neurology, Anhui Second People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ming-Shan Ren
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mei-Qiao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Huang L, Wang S, Ma F, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Xing C, Feng Y, Wang X, Peng Y. From stroke to neurodegenerative diseases: The multi-target neuroprotective effects of 3-n-butylphthalide and its derivatives. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:201-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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DL-3-n-butylphthalide improves ventricular function, and prevents ventricular remodeling and arrhythmias in post-MI rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 391:627-637. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abdoulaye IA, Guo YJ. A Review of Recent Advances in Neuroprotective Potential of 3-N-Butylphthalide and Its Derivatives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5012341. [PMID: 28053983 PMCID: PMC5178327 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5012341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The research of alternative treatment for ischemic stroke and degenerative diseases has always been a priority in neurology. 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP), a family of compounds initially isolated from the seeds of Apium graveolens Linn., has shown significant neuroprotective effects. Previous extensive studies have demonstrated that NBP promotes a better poststroke outcome and exerts a multitargeted action on several mechanisms, from oxidative stress to mitochondrial dysfunction to apoptosis to inflammation. Additionally, recent findings on several neurological disorders have shown that NBP's beneficial effects extend beyond the management of stroke. However, despite the increasing number of studies toward a better understanding and the rapid advances made in therapeutic options, to date, dl-3-N-butylphthalide, a synthetic variation of l-3-N-butylphthalide, remains the only clinically approved anti-ischemic agent in China, stressing the difficulties for a viable and effective transition from experimental to clinical practice. Events indicate that NBP, due to its multitargeted effect and the adaptability of its basic structure, can be an important game changer and a precursor to a whole new therapeutic approach to several neurological conditions. The present review discusses recent advances pertaining to the neuroprotective mechanisms of NBP-derived compounds and the possibility of their clinical implementation in the management of various neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idriss Ali Abdoulaye
- Department of Neurology, The Southeast University Affiliated Zhong Da Hospital, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
| | - Yi Jing Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Southeast University Affiliated Zhong Da Hospital, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
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Tashakori-Sabzevar F, Razavi BM, Imenshahidi M, Daneshmandi M, Fatehi H, Entezari Sarkarizi Y, Mohajeri SA. Evaluation of mechanism for antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of hexanic and hydroalcoholic extracts of celery seed in normotensive and hypertensive rats. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tashakori-Sabzevar F, Ramezani M, Hosseinzadeh H, Parizadeh SMR, Movassaghi AR, Ghorbani A, Mohajeri SA. Protective and hypoglycemic effects of celery seed on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: experimental and histopathological evaluation. Acta Diabetol 2016; 53:609-19. [PMID: 26940333 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes mellitus is a major manifestation of metabolic disorder which presents with hyperglycemia (high levels of serum blood sugar). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of celery seed extract on different biochemical factors and histopathological changes in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS A total of 35 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (one normal and four diabetic groups). STZ was injected intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. The effects of hexane extract of celery seed and glibenclamide (as a positive control) were compared. Blood samples were analyzed on days 0, 18, and 33, and histopathological evaluations were performed at the end of the study. RESULTS Glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels significantly decreased, whereas insulin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels increased in the extract-administered groups, as compared to the negative diabetic control group (P < 0.0001). The concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum of the extract-administered groups were significantly less than the negative control group (P < 0.0001). Histopathological reports revealed significantly less atrophy, necrosis, and inflammation in the rats receiving celery seed extract compared to the negative control group. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that celery seed extract can be effective in controlling hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats, and demonstrated its protective effects against pancreatic toxicity resulting from STZ-induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Ramezani
- Student Research Committee (SRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Reza Movassaghi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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