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Singh S, Kumar A, Gupta S, Agrawal R. Curative role of natural PPARγ agonist in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2289830. [PMID: 38050958 PMCID: PMC11262216 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2289830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is a condition that develops when the liver accumulates excess fat without alcohol consumption. This chronic liver ailment progresses along with insulin resistant and is typically not diagnosed until the patients have cirrhosis. Nuclear hormone receptor superfamily PPARs are essential for metabolism of fatty acids and glucose. In liver, lipid metabolism is regulated by nuclear receptors and PPARα, and PPARβ/δ encourages fatty acid β-oxidation. PPAR-γ, an energy-balanced receptor is a crucial regulator in NAFLD. The partial activation of PPAR-γ could lead to increased level of adiponectin and insulin sensitivity, thus improved NAFLD. Because of less side effects, natural compounds are emerged as potential therapeutic agents for NAFLD by PPARγ agonists. Although the results from preclinical studies are promising, further research is needed to determine the potential dosing and efficacy of mentioned compounds in human subjects. In this review, we summarize the effect of natural PPARγ agonist in the NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Technical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Divine College of Pharmacy, Bihar, India
| | - Suruchi Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, YBN University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rohini Agrawal
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Technical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hasanian-Langroudi F, Ghasemi A, Hedayati M, Siadat SD, Tohidi M. Novel Insight into the Effect of Probiotics in the Regulation of the Most Important Pathways Involved in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:829-844. [PMID: 37162668 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered one of the most common disorders worldwide. Although several treatment modalities have been developed, the existing interventions have not yielded the desired results. Therefore, researchers have focused on finding treatment choices with low toxicity and few adverse effects that could control T2DM efficiently. Various types of research on the role of gut microbiota in developing T2DM and its related complications have led to the growing interest in probiotic supplementation. Several properties make these organisms unique in terms of human health, including their low cost, high reliability, and good safety profile. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that three of the most important signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM, play key functions in the effects of probiotics on this disease. Hence, we will focus on the clinical applications of probiotics in the management of T2DM. Then, we will also discuss the roles of the involvement of various probiotics in the regulation of the most important signaling pathways (NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and Nrf2) involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Hasanian-Langroudi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, Tehran, 19395-4763, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Tohidi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box, Tehran, 19395-4763, Iran.
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3
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Zhu M, Li P, Xu T, Zhang G, Xu Z, Wang X, Zhao L, Yang H. Combined exposure to lead and microplastics increased risk of glucose metabolism in mice via the Nrf2/NF-κB pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2502-2511. [PMID: 38180308 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of combined lead (Pb) and two types of microplastic (MP) (polyvinyl chloride [PVC] and polyethylene [PE]) exposure on glucose metabolism and investigate the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in mediating these effects in mice. Adult C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, Pb (100 mg/L), MPs (containing 10 mg/L PE and PVC), and Pb + MPs, each of which was treated with drinking water. Treatments were conducted for 6 weeks. Co-exposure to Pb + MPs exhibited increase glycosylated serum protein levels, insulin resistance, and damaged glucose tolerance compared with the control mice. Additionally, treatment with Pb + MPs caused more severe damage to hepatocytes than when exposed to them alone concomitantly, exposed to Pb + MPs exhibited improved the levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde, but reduced superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase assay in livers. Furthermore, they increase the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and phosphorylated p-NF-κB protein levels but reduced the protein levels of heme oxygenase-1 and Nrf2, as well as increased Keap1 mRNA and Nrf2 mRNA. Co-exposure to Pb + MP impacts glucose metabolism via the Nrf2 /NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Zhu
- Linyi Hedong District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Peng Li
- Linyi Hedong District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Linyi, China
| | | | - Guoyun Zhang
- Linyi Hedong District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiangrong Wang
- Linyi Hedong District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- Linyi Hedong District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Linyi, China
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Shabani M, Hosseini H, Tajik MH, Meshkani R, Sadeghi A. Resveratrol relieves HFD-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle tissue through antioxidant capacity enhancement and the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:516. [PMID: 38622329 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol has received much attention due to its beneficial effects including antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of resveratrol treatment on oxidative stress and insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed animals. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 30 six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to three groups (10 animals in each group): The control group in which mice were fed a normal chow diet (NCD); the HFD group in which mice were fed an HFD for 26 weeks; and the HFD-resveratrol group in which HFD was replaced by a resveratrol supplemented-HFD (400 mg/kg diet) after 10 weeks of HFD feeding. At the end of this period, gastrocnemius muscle samples were examined to determine insulin resistance and the oxidative status in the presence of HFD and resveratrol. Resveratrol supplementation in HFD-fed mice reduced body and adipose tissue weight, improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased oxidative stress as indicated by lower malonaldehyde (MDA) levels and higher total antioxidant capacity. The supplement also increased the expression and activity of antioxidative enzymes in gastrocnemius muscle and modulated Nrf2 and Keap1 expression levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that resveratrol is effective in improving the antioxidant defense system of the skeletal muscle in HFD-fed mice, indicating its therapeutic potential to combat diseases associated with insulin resistance and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Tajik
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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5
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Napoli M, Deshpande AA, Chakravarti D, Rajapakshe K, Gunaratne PH, Coarfa C, Flores ER. Genome-wide p63-Target Gene Analyses Reveal TAp63/NRF2-Dependent Oxidative Stress Responses. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:264-278. [PMID: 38165157 PMCID: PMC10832605 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The p53 family member TP63 encodes two sets of N-terminal isoforms, TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms. They each regulate diverse biological functions in epidermal morphogenesis and in cancer. In the skin, where their activities have been extensively characterized, TAp63 prevents premature aging by regulating the quiescence and genomic stability of stem cells required for wound healing and hair regeneration, while ΔNp63 controls maintenance and terminal differentiation of epidermal basal cells. This functional diversity is surprising given that these isoforms share a high degree of similarity, including an identical sequence for a DNA-binding domain. To understand the mechanisms of the transcriptional programs regulated by each p63 isoform and leading to diverse biological functions, we performed genome-wide analyses using p63 isoform-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA sequencing, and metabolomics of TAp63-/- and ΔNp63-/- mouse epidermal cells. Our data indicate that TAp63 and ΔNp63 physically and functionally interact with distinct transcription factors for the downstream regulation of their target genes, thus ultimately leading to the regulation of unique transcriptional programs and biological processes. Our findings unveil novel transcriptomes regulated by the p63 isoforms to control diverse biological functions, including the cooperation between TAp63 and NRF2 in the modulation of metabolic pathways and response to oxidative stress providing a mechanistic explanation for the TAp63 knock out phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE The p63 isoforms, TAp63 and ΔNp63, control epithelial morphogenesis and tumorigenesis through the interaction with distinct transcription factors and the subsequent regulation of unique transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Division of Basic Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Avani A. Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Division of Basic Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Division of Basic Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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Yu W, Zhang F, Meng D, Zhang X, Feng Y, Yin G, Liang P, Chen S, Liu H. Mechanism of Action and Related Natural Regulators of Nrf2 in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1300-1319. [PMID: 39034715 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018260113231023064614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
With the acceleration of people's pace of life, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world, which greatly threatens people's health and safety. Therefore, there is still an urgent need for higher-quality research and treatment in this area. Nuclear factor Red-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as a key transcription factor in the regulation of oxidative stress, plays an important role in inducing the body's antioxidant response. Although there are no approved drugs targeting Nrf2 to treat NAFLD so far, it is still of great significance to target Nrf2 to alleviate NAFLD. In recent years, studies have reported that many natural products treat NAFLD by acting on Nrf2 or Nrf2 pathways. This article reviews the role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and summarizes the currently reported natural products targeting Nrf2 or Nrf2 pathway for the treatment of NAFLD, which provides new ideas for the development of new NAFLD-related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
| | - Decheng Meng
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Feng
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Yin
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Liang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwen Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
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Cu-Cañetas TE, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Manzanilla-Franco M, Ayora-Talavera TDR, Acevedo-Fernández JJ, Barbosa-Martín E, Márquez-Mota CC, López-Barradas AM, Noriega LG, Guevara-Cruz M, Gutiérrez-Solís AL, Avila-Nava A. Ramon Flour ( Brosimum alicastrum Swartz) Ameliorates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation, Induction of AMPK Phosphorylation, and Expression of the Hepatic Antioxidant System in a High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1957. [PMID: 38001809 PMCID: PMC10669741 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive consumption of fat and carbohydrates, together with a decrease in traditional food intake, has been related to obesity and the development of metabolic alterations. Ramon seed is a traditional Mayan food used to obtain Ramon flour (RF) with high biological value in terms of protein, fiber, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. However, few studies have evaluated the beneficial effects of RF. Thus, we aimed to determine the metabolic effects of RF consumption on a high-fat-diet-induced obesity mouse model. We divided male BALB/c mice into four groups (n = 5 each group) and fed them for 90 days with the following diets: Control (C): control diet (AIN-93), C + RF: control diet adjusted with 25% RF, HFD: high-fat diet + 5% sugar in water, and HFD + RF: high-fat diet adjusted with 25% RF + 5% sugar in water. The RF prevented the increase in serum total cholesterol (TC) and alanine transaminase (ALT) that occurred in the C and HFD groups. Notably, RF together with HFD increased serum polyphenols and antioxidant activity, and it promoted a decrease in the adipocyte size in white adipose tissue, along with lower hepatic lipid accumulation than in the HFD group. In the liver, the HFD + RF group showed an increase in the expression of β-oxidation-related genes, and downregulation of the fatty acid synthase (Fas) gene compared with the HFD group. Moreover, the HFD + RF group had increased hepatic phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), along with increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) protein expression compared with the HFD group. Thus, RF may be used as a nutritional strategy to decrease metabolic alterations during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura A. Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (L.A.V.-V.); (A.M.L.-B.); (L.G.N.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Mariana Manzanilla-Franco
- Escuela de Salud, Universidad Modelo, Mérida 97130, Yucatán, Mexico; (T.E.C.-C.); (M.M.-F.); (E.B.-M.)
| | - Teresa del Rosario Ayora-Talavera
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ) A.C., Subsede Sureste, Mérida 97302, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Juan José Acevedo-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología y Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Cuernavaca 62350, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Enrique Barbosa-Martín
- Escuela de Salud, Universidad Modelo, Mérida 97130, Yucatán, Mexico; (T.E.C.-C.); (M.M.-F.); (E.B.-M.)
| | - Claudia C. Márquez-Mota
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (FMVZ-UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Adriana M. López-Barradas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (L.A.V.-V.); (A.M.L.-B.); (L.G.N.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (L.A.V.-V.); (A.M.L.-B.); (L.G.N.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (L.A.V.-V.); (A.M.L.-B.); (L.G.N.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solís
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán (HRAEPY), Mérida 97130, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán (HRAEPY), Mérida 97130, Yucatán, Mexico;
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de Deus IJ, Martins-Silva AF, Fagundes MMDA, Paula-Gomes S, Silva FGDE, da Cruz LL, de Abreu ARR, de Queiroz KB. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress in hepatic insulin resistance and the ameliorative effect of phytochemical intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1188829. [PMID: 37456758 PMCID: PMC10347376 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1188829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome has a key role in chronic low-grade metabolic inflammation, and its excessive activation may contribute to the beginning and progression of several diseases, including hepatic insulin resistance (hIR). Thus, this review aims to highlight the role of NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress in the development of hIR and evidence related to phytochemical intervention in this context. In this review, we will address the hIR pathogenesis related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production mechanisms, involving oxidized mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) induction in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, we discuss the inhibitory effect of bioactive compounds on the insulin signaling pathway, and the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the phytochemical target mechanism in ameliorating hIR. Although most of the research in the field has been focused on evaluating the inhibitory effect of phytochemicals on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, further investigation and clinical studies are required to provide insights into the mechanisms of action, and, thus, encourage the use of these bioactive compounds as an additional therapeutic strategy to improve hIR and correlated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Jesus de Deus
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Martins-Silva
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Miliane Martins de Andrade Fagundes
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Paula-Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Guimarães Drummond e Silva
- Departamento de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Rezende Ribeiro de Abreu
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Karina Barbosa de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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9
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Thiruvengadam R, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Govindasamy R, Thiruvengadam M, Kim JH. Association of nanoparticles and Nrf2 with various oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110535. [PMID: 37187268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regultes the cellular antioxidant defense system at the posttranscriptional level. During oxidative stress, Nrf2 is released from its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and binds to antioxidant response element (ARE) to transcribe antioxidative metabolizing/detoxifying genes. Various transcription factors like aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and epigenetic modification including DNA methylation and histone methylation might also regulate the expression of Nrf2. Despite its protective role, Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling is considered as a pharmacological target due to its involvement in various pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, hepatotoxicity and kidney disorders. Recently, nanomaterials have received a lot of attention due to their unique physiochemical properties and are also used in various biological applications, for example, biosensors, drug delivery systems, cancer therapy, etc. In this review, we will be discussing the functions of nanoparticles and Nrf2 as a combined therapy or sensitizing agent and their significance in various diseases such as diabetes, cancer and oxidative stress-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Thiruvengadam
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Ramkumar Samynathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Rajakumar Govindasamy
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Tu W, Zhang Y, Jiang K, Jiang S. Osteocalcin and Its Potential Functions for Preventing Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome in Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081380. [PMID: 37106943 PMCID: PMC10135196 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OCN) is synthesized and secreted by differentiating osteoblasts. In addition to its role in bone, OCN acts as a hormone in the pancreas, liver, muscle, fat, and other organs to regulate multiple pathophysiological processes including glucose homeostasis and adipic acid metabolism. Fat metabolic disorder, such as excessive fat buildup, is related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. Similarly, fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) is a metabolic disease in laying hens, resulting from lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. FLHS affects hen health with significant impact on poultry egg production. Many studies have proposed that OCN has protective function in mammalian NAFLD, but its function in chicken FLHS and related mechanism have not been completely clarified. Recently, we have revealed that OCN prevents laying hens from FLHS through regulating the JNK pathway, and some pathways related to the disease progression have been identified through both in vivo and vitro investigations. In this view, we discussed the current findings for predicting the strategy for using OCN to prevent or reduce FLHS impact on poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Tu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kunyu Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Sha Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
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11
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Yu W, Xie D, Yamamoto T, Koyama H, Cheng J. Mechanistic insights of soluble uric acid-induced insulin resistance: Insulin signaling and beyond. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:327-343. [PMID: 36715824 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by purine nucleotide metabolism disorder. The prevalence of hyperuricemia is increasing worldwide, with a growing trend in the younger populations. Although numerous studies have indicated that hyperuricemia may be an independent risk factor for insulin resistance, the causal relationship between the two is controversial. There are few reviews, however, focusing on the relationship between uric acid (UA) and insulin resistance from experimental studies. In this review, we summarized the experimental models related to soluble UA-induced insulin resistance in pancreas and peripheral tissues, including skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, liver, heart/cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. In addition, we summarized the research advances about the key mechanism of UA-induced insulin resistance. Moreover, we attempt to identify novel targets for the treatment of hyperuricemia-related insulin resistance. Lastly, we hope that the present review will encourage further researches to solve the chicken-and-egg dilemma between UA and insulin resistance, and provide strategies for the pathogenesis and treatment of hyperuricemia related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - De Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Health Evaluation Center, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Al-Hussan R, Albadr NA, Alshammari GM, Almasri SA, Yahya MA. Phloretamide Prevent Hepatic and Pancreatic Damage in Diabetic Male Rats by Modulating Nrf2 and NF-κB. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061456. [PMID: 36986192 PMCID: PMC10059022 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of phloretamide, a metabolite of phloretin, on liver damage and steatosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) in rats. Adult male rats were divided into two groups: control (nondiabetic) and STZ-treated rats, each of which was further treated orally with the vehicle phloretamide 100 mg or 200 mg. Treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Phloretamide, at both doses, significantly attenuated STZ-mediated pancreatic β-cell damage, reduced fasting glucose, and stimulated fasting insulin levels in STZ-treated rats. It also increased the levels of hexokinase, which coincided with a significant reduction in glucose-6 phosphatase (G-6-Pase), and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (PBP1) in the livers of these diabetic rats. Concomitantly, both doses of phloretamide reduced hepatic and serum levels of triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol (CHOL), serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and hepatic ballooning. Furthermore, they reduced levels of lipid peroxidation, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), mRNA, and total and nuclear levels of NF-κB p65, but increased mRNA levels, total and nuclear levels of Nrf2, as well as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), catalase (CAT), and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the livers of diabetic rats. All of these effects were dose-dependent. In conclusion, phloretamide is a novel drug that could ameliorate DM-associated hepatic steatosis via its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Mechanisms of protection involve improving the β-cell structure and hepatic insulin action, suppressing hepatic NF-κB, and stimulating hepatic Nrf2.
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13
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Zheng R, Shen H, Li J, Zhao J, Lu L, Hu M, Lin Z, Ma H, Tan H, Hu M, Li J. Qi Gong Wan ameliorates adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in adipose tissue in a PCOS mouse model through the Nrf2/HO-1/Cyp1b1 pathway: Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115824. [PMID: 36273747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Initially recorded in Yifang Jijie (an ancient Chinese text), Qi Gong Wan (QGW) is used to treat obese women with infertility. QGW can help promote follicular development and maturation, regulate the balance of serum hormones between testosterone and estradiol, enhance endometrial receptivity, improve waist circumference, and ameliorate insulin resistance. It contains eight herbs: Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino (Banxia), Citrus maxima (Burm.) (Juhong), Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. (Fuling), Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (Baizhu), Cyperus rotundus L. (Xiangfu), Conioselinum anthriscoides 'Chuanxiong' (Chuanxiong), Massa Medicata Fermentata (Shenqu), and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. (Gancao). However, the underlying mechanism of how QGW affects women with PCOS remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY QGW has been widely used to treat PCOS patients with obesity clinically. This study was designed to identify its chemical and pharmacological properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology was used to predict the active compounds, potential targets, and pathways of QGW. Female C57BL/6J mice were injected with letrozole and fed a high-fat diet to establish a PCOS-insulin resistance (PCOS-IR) model. Body weight, estrous cycles, ovarian pathology, and serum insulin resistance were measured. qRT-PCR was used to examine the inflammation-related and steroid hormone biosynthesis-related mRNA expression in adipose tissue. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and Cyp1b1 in adipose tissue. Molecular docking was used to reveal the key chemical compounds of QGW. RESULTS Network pharmacology revealed a total of 91 active ingredients in QGW that were associated with 167 targets. QGW could potentially treat PCOS-IR via nitrogen metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and ovarian steroidogenesis pathways. In the PCOS-IR mouse model, we found that QGW decreased the mean diameter of adipocytes and the total adipocyte area. Furthermore, QGW was found to significantly lower the expression of inflammation-related genes including Tnfɑ and C4a/b and the steroid hormone biosynthesis-related gene Cyp1b1. QGW showed a tendency to improve cystic follicles, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR index in the PCOS-IR mouse model. Combining these findings with the results of KEGG analysis, we conclude that QGW promotes the Nrf2/HO-1/Cyp1b1 pathway to protect adipose tissue under conditions of PCOS. Molecular docking revealed that rutin, nicotiflorin, and baicalein may be the key chemical compounds of QGW through which it improves adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS QGW improved adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in the PCOS-IR mouse model by activating the Nrf2/HO-1/Cyp1b1 pathway to protect adipose tissue. Our work thus provides a new research avenue for the study of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqun Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansen Zhao
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingjing Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mianhao Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zixin Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Jiang H, Mao T, Sun Z, Shi L, Han X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Hu J, Zhang L, Li J, Han H. Yinchen Linggui Zhugan decoction ameliorates high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulation of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001778. [PMID: 36578580 PMCID: PMC9791106 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yinchen Linggui Zhugan decoction (YLZD) is an effective and classical traditional herbal prescription for treating the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and has been proven to be effective in the regulation of lipid metabolism disorder and attenuate inflammation for a NAFLD rat model. However, the exact underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In the current study, a NAFLD rat model was established using a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks, followed by YLZD treatment with 1.92 g/kg/day for 4 weeks to explore the mechanisms of YLZD. Our results showed that YLZD decreased the hepatic lipid deposition, restored the liver tissue pathological lesions, inhibited the expression of oxidative stress, and decreased the inflammatory cytokines levels. Meanwhile, the genes and proteins expressions of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway together with downstream factors including HO-1 and NQO1 were elevated in the YLZD treated NAFLD rats. For further elaborating the upstream mechanism, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in serum and feces were measured by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer, and the differences in gut microbiota of rats in each group were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA. The results demonstrated that the contents of butyric acid (BA) and total SCFAs in YLZD-treated NAFLD rats were significantly increased in serum and feces. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis illustrated that YLZD intervention led to a modification of the gut microbiota composition, with a decrease of Oribacterium, Lactobacillus and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides, as well as the increase in SCFAs-producing bacteria such as Christensenellaceae, Clostridia, Muribaculaceae, and Prevotellaceae. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that BA and total SCFAs were negatively co-related with oxidative stress-related factors and inflammatory cytokines, while they were positively co-related with SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway related genes and proteins. Furthermore, in vitro study confirmed that BA effectively reduced oxidative stress by activating SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in L02 cells. Together, the present data revealed YLZD could ameliorate HFD-induced NAFLD in rats by the modulation of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Graduate, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongmei Sun
- School of Graduate, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Graduate, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Graduate, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosi Zhang
- School of Graduate, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- School of Graduate, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Juncong Hu
- School of Graduate, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- School of Graduate, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Junxiang Li, Haixiao Han
| | - Haixiao Han
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Junxiang Li, Haixiao Han
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15
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Xia Y, Zhai X, Qiu Y, Lu X, Jiao Y. The Nrf2 in Obesity: A Friend or Foe? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102067. [PMID: 36290791 PMCID: PMC9598341 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications have become serious global health concerns recently and increasing work has been carried out to explicate the underlying mechanism of the disease development. The recognized correlations suggest oxidative stress and inflammation in expanding adipose tissue with excessive fat accumulation play important roles in the pathogenesis of obesity, as well as its associated metabolic syndromes. In adipose tissue, obesity-mediated insulin resistance strongly correlates with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been described as a key modulator of antioxidant signaling, which regulates the transcription of various genes coding antioxidant enzymes and cytoprotective proteins. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 is a pivotal target of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. However, its effects are controversial and even contradictory. This review aims to clarify the complicated interplay among Nrf2, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, insulin signaling and chronic inflammation in obesity. Elucidating the implications of Nrf2 modulation on obesity would provide novel insights for potential therapeutic approaches in obesity and its comorbidities.
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16
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Bathish B, Robertson H, Dillon JF, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mechanisms by which it is ameliorated by activation of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:221-261. [PMID: 35728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a global health concern. It is characterised by fatty liver, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation, which are associated with lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron overload and oxidative stress. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that combats oxidative stress. Remarkably, Nrf2 is downregulated during the development of NASH, which probably accelerates disease, whereas in pre-clinical studies the upregulation of Nrf2 inhibits NASH. We now review the scientific literature that proposes Nrf2 downregulation during NASH involves its increased ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation, mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and/or β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and/or HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1, also called synoviolin (SYVN1)). Additionally, downregulation of Nrf2-mediated transcription during NASH may involve diminished recruitment of coactivators by Nrf2, due to increased levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, or competition for promoter binding due to upregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Many processes that downregulate Nrf2 are triggered by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), with oxidative stress amplifying its signalling. Oxidative stress may also increase suppression of Nrf2 by β-TrCP through facilitating formation of the DSGIS-containing phosphodegron in Nrf2 by glycogen synthase kinase-3. In animal models, knockout of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to NASH, while pharmacological activation of Nrf2 by inducing agents that target Keap1 inhibits development of NASH. These inducing agents probably counter Nrf2 downregulation affected by β-TrCP, Hrd1/SYVN1, ATF3, NF-κB p65 and Bach1, by suppressing oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 is also likely to inhibit NASH by ameliorating lipotoxicity, inflammation, ER stress and iron overload. Crucially, pharmacological activation of Nrf2 in mice in which NASH has already been established supresses liver steatosis and inflammation. There is therefore compelling evidence that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 provides a comprehensive multipronged strategy to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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17
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Vega Joubert MB, Ingaramo P, Oliva ME, D'Alessandro ME. Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seed ameliorates liver injury and oxidative stress by modulating NrF2 and NFκB expression in sucrose-rich diet-fed rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:7333-7345. [PMID: 35726830 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the liver injury and oxidative stress in an experimental model of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) induced by chronic administration of a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) and to evaluate the effects of chia seed as a therapeutic strategy. Male Wistar rats were fed with a reference diet (RD) -6 months- or a SRD -3 months. Then, the latter group was randomly divided into two subgroups. One subgroup continued receiving the SRD for up to 6 months and the other was fed with a SRD where whole chia seed was incorporated as a source of dietary fat for the next 3 months (SRD+CHIA). The results showed that rats fed with a SRD for a long period of time developed dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hepatic lipid accumulation, liver injury, hepatic lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Hepatic NrF2 expression was significantly decreased. In addition, a significant increase in hepatic NFκB p65 expression and a positive correlation of this with plasma TNFα levels were found. The administration of chia seed for 3 months reversed dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, lipid accumulation, liver injury, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. In the liver tissue, NrF2 expression was normalized and NFκB p65 expression was decreased, the latter was associated with a decrease in plasma TNFα levels. The present study showed new aspects of liver damage, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in dyslipidemic insulin resistant rats chronically fed with a sucrose-rich diet. However, we demonstrated new properties and molecular mechanisms associated with the beneficial anti-oxidant effects of chia seed consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Berenice Vega Joubert
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Paola Ingaramo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs. Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Oliva
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Eugenia D'Alessandro
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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18
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Sánchez-Duarte S, Montoya-Pérez R, Márquez-Gamiño S, Vera-Delgado KS, Caudillo-Cisneros C, Sotelo-Barroso F, Sánchez-Briones LA, Sánchez-Duarte E. Apocynin Attenuates Diabetes-Induced Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction by Mitigating ROS Generation and Boosting Antioxidant Defenses in Fast-Twitch and Slow-Twitch Muscles. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050674. [PMID: 35629342 PMCID: PMC9146446 DOI: 10.3390/life12050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to diabetes mellitus, skeletal muscle is negatively affected, as is evident by reduced contractile force production, increased muscle fatigability, and increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Apocynin is a widely used NADPH oxidase inhibitor, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. It has been effective for amelioration of a variety of disorders, including diabetic complications. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects and action mechanisms of apocynin in slow- and fast-twitch diabetic rat muscles. Male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by applying intraperitoneally a single dose of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). Apocynin treatment (3 mg/kg/day) was administered over 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin tolerance and body weight gain were measured. Both slow (soleus) and fast (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) skeletal muscles were used for muscle function evaluation, oxidative stress markers, and evaluating gene expression using qRT-PCR. Treatment with apocynin significantly reduced FBG levels and enhanced insulin tolerance. Apocynin also prevented muscle contractile dysfunction in EDL muscle but had no significant effect on this parameter in soleus muscles. However, in both types of muscles, apocynin mitigated the oxidative stress by decreasing ROS levels and increasing total glutathione levels and redox state. Concomitantly, apocynin also statistically enhanced Nrf-2 and GLU4 mRNA expression and downregulated NOX2, NOX4, and NF-κB mRNA. Collectively, apocynin exhibits properties myoprotective in diabetic animals. These findings indicate that apocynin predominantly acts as an antioxidant in fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles but has differential impact on contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Sánchez-Duarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (S.S.-D.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Rocío Montoya-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (S.S.-D.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Sergio Márquez-Gamiño
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Karla S. Vera-Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Cipriana Caudillo-Cisneros
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Fernando Sotelo-Barroso
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Luis A. Sánchez-Briones
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-1477-2670-4900 (ext. 4833)
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19
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Yan L, Vaghari-Tabari M, Malakoti F, Moein S, Qujeq D, Yousefi B, Asemi Z. Quercetin: an effective polyphenol in alleviating diabetes and diabetic complications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9163-9186. [PMID: 35468007 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Various studies, especially in recent years, have shown that quercetin has beneficial therapeutic effects in various human diseases, including diabetes. Quercetin has significant anti-diabetic effects and may be helpful in lowering blood sugar and increasing insulin sensitivity. Quercetin appears to affect many factors and signaling pathways involved in insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 of diabetes. TNFα, NFKB, AMPK, AKT, and NRF2 are among the factors that are affected by quercetin. In addition, quercetin can be effective in preventing and ameliorating the diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular complications, neuropathy, delayed wound healing, and retinopathy, and affects the key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these complications. These positive effects of quercetin may be related to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. In this article, after a brief review of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, we will review the latest findings on the anti-diabetic effects of quercetin with a molecular perspective. Then we will review the effects of quercetin on the key mechanisms of pathogenesis of diabetes complications including nephropathy, cardiovascular complications, neuropathy, delayed wound healing, and retinopathy. Finally, clinical trials investigating the effect of quercetin on diabetes and diabetes complications will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Clinical Experimental Centre, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Malakoti
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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20
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Zhang W, Dun Y, You B, Qiu L, Ripley-Gonzalez JW, Cheng J, Fu S, Li C, Liu S. Trimetazidine and exercise offer analogous improvements to the skeletal muscle insulin resistance of mice through Nrf2 signaling. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/2/e002699. [PMID: 35365489 PMCID: PMC8977813 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin resistance (IR) plays a key role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of patients with multiple metabolic diseases and diabetes. This study aimed to explore the effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) on skeletal muscle IR in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and explore the possible underlying mechanism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In vivo, a HFD mouse IR model was adopted and TMZ and exercise were used to intervene. Postintervention the following were determined: blood levels of glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of IR index, expression of skeletal muscle insulin signaling-related proteins phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (p-IRS1/IRS1) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT/AKT), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, and oxidative stress. In vitro, a palmitate-treated C2C12 myotube IR model was constructed. Cellular glucose uptake, p-IRS1/IRS1, and p-AKT/AKT were determined, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was analyzed based on treatments with specific small interfering RNA of Nrf2 with or without TMZ. Western blot was used to obtain the protein expression level and ROS production by functional analysis kits. RESULTS In vivo, TMZ and exercise decreased the blood glucose and insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of IR index, increased skeletal muscle insulin signaling-related protein ratios of p-IRS1/IRS1 and p-AKT/AKT, and both interventions activated Nrf2 signaling and reduced oxidative stress production in HFD mice. In vitro, TMZ reduced the oxidative stress reaction, increased the ratios of p-AKT/AKT and p-IRS1/IRS1, and attenuated the insulin stimulation of PA-induced glucose uptake. However, in the absence of Nrf2, TMZ failed to resist the effects of IR. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that TMZ, like exercise, brought about marked improvements to HFD-induced skeletal muscle IR through TMZ, a common pathway with exercise in the form of Nrf2, regulating oxidative stress. We provide new evidence to support the use of TMZ for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Zhang
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaoshan Dun
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Baiyang You
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jeffrey W Ripley-Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Yantian People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqian Fu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cui Li
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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21
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The Role of NRF2 in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020235. [PMID: PMID: 35204118 PMCID: PMC8868420 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The raising prevalence of obesity is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), and heart failure, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Obesity contributes directly to incident cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperglycemia or diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are involved in atherosclerosis, including structural and functional cardiac alterations, which lead to cardiac dysfunction. CVDs are the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In obesity, visceral and epicardial adipose tissue generate inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress and contribute to the pathogenesis of CVDs. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) protects against oxidative stress and electrophilic stress. NRF2 participates in the regulation of cell inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism, including the expression of over 1000 genes in the cell under normal and stressed environments. NRF2 is downregulated in diabetes, hypertension, and inflammation. Nfe2l2 knockout mice develop structural and functional cardiac alterations, and NRF2 deficiency in macrophages increases atherosclerosis. Given the endothelial and cardiac protective effects of NRF2 in experimental models, its activation using pharmacological or natural products is a promising therapeutic approach for obesity and CVDs. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on the role of NRF2 in obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors.
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22
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Yu W, Chen C, Zhuang W, Wang W, Liu W, Zhao H, Lv J, Xie D, Wang Q, He F, Xu C, Chen B, Yamamoto T, Koyama H, Cheng J. Silencing TXNIP ameliorates high uric acid-induced insulin resistance via the IRS2/AKT and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways in macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:42-53. [PMID: 34848368 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) promotes atherosclerosis and increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Our previous studies have demonstrated that high uric acid (HUA) increased oxidative stress, leading to IR in cardiomyocytes and pancreatic β cells. However, whether HUA can induce IR in monocytes/macrophages, which play critical roles in all stages of atherosclerosis, is unclear. Recent findings revealed that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) negatively regulates insulin signaling; however, the roles and mechanisms of TXNIP in HUA-induced IR remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the function of TXNIP in macrophages treated with UA. Transcriptomic profiling revealed TXNIP as one of the most upregulated genes, and subsequent RT-PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed that TXNIP was upregulated by HUA. HUA treatment significantly increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MtROS) levels and decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Silencing TXNIP by RNA interference significantly diminished HUA-induced oxidative stress and IR. Mechanistically, silencing TXNIP reversed the inhibition of the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway induced by HUA. Additional study revealed that HUA induced the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathway, but silencing TXNIP abolished it. Moreover, Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) ameliorated HUA-induced IR independent of IRS2/AKT signaling. Probenecid, a well-known UA-lowering drug, significantly suppressed the activation of TXNIP and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Furthermore, RNA-seq revealed that activation of the TXNIP-related redox pathway may be a key regulator in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. These data suggest that silencing TXNIP could ameliorate HUA-induced IR via the IRS2/AKT and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways in macrophages. Additionally, TXNIP might be a promising therapeutic target for preventing and treating oxidative stress and IR induced by HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunjuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wanling Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hairong Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiaming Lv
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - De Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Furong He
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingyang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Rice BB, Ngo Tenlep SY, Tolaymat O, Alvi AT, Slone FR, Crosby CL, Howard SS, Hermanns CL, Montessorie NP, Swanson HI, Pearson KJ. Lack of Offspring Nrf2 Does Not Exacerbate the Detrimental Metabolic Outcomes Caused by In Utero PCB126 Exposure. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:777831. [PMID: 34975753 PMCID: PMC8716916 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.777831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human environmental exposures to toxicants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), increase oxidative stress and disease susceptibility. Such exposures during pregnancy and/or nursing have been demonstrated to adversely affect offspring health outcomes. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the antioxidant response and is involved in the detoxification of coplanar PCBs, like PCB126. The purpose of this study was to investigate glucose tolerance and body composition in PCB-exposed offspring expressing or lacking Nrf2. We hypothesized that offspring lacking Nrf2 expression would be more susceptible to the long-term health detriments associated with perinatal PCB exposure. During gestation, whole-body Nrf2 heterozygous (Het) and whole-body Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice were exposed to vehicle or PCB126. Shortly after birth, litters were cross-fostered to unexposed dams to prevent PCB exposure during nursing. Offspring were weaned, and their body weight, body composition, and glucose tolerance were recorded. At two months of age, PCB exposure resulted in a significant reduction in the average body weight of offspring born to Nrf2 Het dams (p < 0.001) that primarily arose from the decrease in average lean body mass in offspring (p < 0.001). There were no differences in average body weight of PCB-exposed offspring born to Nrf2 KO dams (p > 0.05), and this was because offspring of Nrf2 KO dams exposed to PCB126 during pregnancy experienced a significant elevation in fat mass (p = 0.002) that offset the significant reduction in average lean mass (p < 0.001). Regardless, the lack of Nrf2 expression in the offspring themselves did not enhance the differences observed. After an oral glucose challenge, PCB-exposed offspring exhibited significant impairments in glucose disposal and uptake (p < 0.05). Offspring born to Nrf2 Het dams exhibited these impairments at 30 min and 120 min, while offspring born to Nrf2 KO dams exhibited these impairments at zero, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after the glucose challenge. Again, the interactions between offspring genotype and PCB exposure were not significant. These findings were largely consistent as the offspring reached four months of age and demonstrate that the lack of offspring Nrf2 expression does not worsen the metabolic derangements caused by in utero PCB exposure as we expected. Future directions will focus on understanding how the observed maternal Nrf2 genotypic differences can influence offspring metabolic responses to in utero PCB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin J. Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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24
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Zhang L, Bo J, Chen W, Li S, Wang Y, Yan L, Wu L, Zhang Y. The Role of Nrf2 on the Cognitive Dysfunction of High-fat Diet Mice Following Lead Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2247-2258. [PMID: 32812172 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure can induce the severe deleterious damage on the central nervous system (CNS). High-fat diet also has been suggested that it had some adverse effects on learning and memory, cognitive function, but there is lack of study on Pb and high-fat diet co-exposure on the CNS damage. In this study, the goal was to explore the effect of Pb on the cognitive function of mice with high-fat diet and to investigate whether Nrf2 signaling pathway acts in the cerebral cortex. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, high-fat diet, Pb (drinking water with 250 mg/L lead acetate), and high-fat diet with Pb (drinking water with 250 mg/L lead acetate) co-exposure groups for 12 weeks. Experiment data showed that learn memory and exploration ability of mice obviously decreased in Pb and high-fat diet, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased; then, the protein expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1, NADP(H):dehydrogenase quinone 1, and superoxide dismutase 2 were lower significantly compared with those in the control group. This study suggested that down-expressed Nrf2 signaling pathway possibly related to the cognitive dysfunction induced by Pb and high-fat diet co-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhu Bo
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Afflicted Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Yan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Li J, Wang T, Liu P, Yang F, Wang X, Zheng W, Sun W. Hesperetin ameliorates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation via the PI3K/AKT-Nrf2-ARE pathway in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells and a rat model of high-fat diet-induced NAFLD. Food Funct 2021; 12:3898-3918. [PMID: 33977953 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver disease. Dietary supplementation has become a promising strategy for managing NAFLD. Hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, is mainly found in citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruit, and lemons) and possesses multiple pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-Alzheimer and anti-diabetic effects. However, the anti-NAFLD effect and mechanisms of hesperetin remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of hesperetin against NAFLD and the underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. In oleic acid (OA)-induced HepG2 cells, hesperetin upregulated antioxidant levels (SOD/GPx/GR/GCLC/HO-1) by triggering the PI3 K/AKT-Nrf2 pathway, alleviating OA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, hesperetin suppressed NF-κB activation and reduced inflammatory cytokine secretion (TNF-α and IL-6). More importantly, we revealed that this anti-inflammatory effect is attributed to reduced ROS overproduction by the Nrf2 pathway, as pre-treatment with Nrf2 siRNA or an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or/and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) abolished hesperetin-induced NF-κB inactivation and reductions in inflammatory cytokine secretion. In a rat model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD, we confirmed that hesperetin relieved hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. Moreover, hesperetin activated the PI3 K/AKT-Nrf2 pathway in the liver, increasing antioxidant expression and inhibiting NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. In summary, our results demonstrate that hesperetin ameliorates hepatic oxidative stress through the PI3 K/AKT-Nrf2 pathway and that this antioxidative effect further suppresses NF-κB-mediated inflammation during NAFLD progression. Thus, our study suggests that hesperetin may be an effective dietary supplement for improving NAFLD by suppressing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingda Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
| | - Tianqi Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China.
| | - Fuyuan Yang
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weilong Zheng
- Institute of Biomass Resources, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China.
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26
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Redox regulation of the insulin signalling pathway. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101964. [PMID: 33893069 PMCID: PMC8113030 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone insulin is a key regulator of energy metabolism, proliferation and survival. Binding of insulin to its receptor activates the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which mediates fundamental cellular responses. Oxidants, in particular H2O2, have been recognised as insulin-mimetics. Treatment of cells with insulin leads to increased intracellular H2O2 levels affecting the activity of downstream signalling components, thereby amplifying insulin-mediated signal transduction. Specific molecular targets of insulin-stimulated H2O2 include phosphatases and kinases, whose activity can be altered via redox modifications of critical cysteine residues. Over the past decades, several of these redox-sensitive cysteines have been identified and their impact on insulin signalling evaluated. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge on the redox regulation of the insulin signalling pathway.
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27
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Arroyave-Ospina JC, Wu Z, Geng Y, Moshage H. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Implications for Prevention and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020174. [PMID: 33530432 PMCID: PMC7911109 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OxS) is considered a major factor in the pathophysiology of inflammatory chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). Chronic impairment of lipid metabolism is closely related to alterations of the oxidant/antioxidant balance, which affect metabolism-related organelles, leading to cellular lipotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased OxS also triggers hepatocytes stress pathways, leading to inflammation and fibrogenesis, contributing to the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The antioxidant response, regulated by the Nrf2/ARE pathway, is a key component in this process and counteracts oxidative stress-induced damage, contributing to the restoration of normal lipid metabolism. Therefore, modulation of the antioxidant response emerges as an interesting target to prevent NAFLD development and progression. This review highlights the link between disturbed lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the context of NAFLD. In addition, emerging potential therapies based on antioxidant effects and their likely molecular targets are discussed.
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28
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Braud L, Pini M, Stec DF, Manin S, Derumeaux G, Stec DE, Foresti R, Motterlini R. Increased Sirt1 secreted from visceral white adipose tissue is associated with improved glucose tolerance in obese Nrf2-deficient mice. Redox Biol 2021; 38:101805. [PMID: 33285413 PMCID: PMC7721645 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic dysregulation characterized by insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) is a critical regulator of the stress response and Nrf2-deficient mice (Nrf2-/-) are protected against high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic derangement. We searched for factors that could underline this favorable phenotype and found that Nrf2-/- mice exhibit higher circulating levels of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a key player in cellular homeostasis and energy metabolism, compared to wild-type mice. Increased Sirt1 levels in Nrf2-/- mice were found not only in animals under standard diet but also following HFD. Interestingly, we report here that the visceral adipose tissue (eWAT) is the sole source of increased Sirt1 protein in plasma. eWAT and other fat depots displayed enhanced adipocytes lipolysis, increased fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis, suggesting autocrine and endocrine actions of Sirt1 in this model. We further demonstrate that removal of eWAT completely abolishes the increase in circulating Sirt1 and that this procedure suppresses the beneficial effect of Nrf2 deficiency on glucose tolerance, but not insulin sensitivity, following a HFD regime. Thus, in contrast to many other stressful conditions where Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates damage, our study indicates that up-regulation of Sirt1 levels specifically in the visceral adipose tissue of Nrf2-/- mice is a key adaptive mechanism that mitigates glucose intolerance induced by nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Braud
- University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France.
| | - Maria Pini
- University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Donald F Stec
- Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology (VICB), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Sylvie Manin
- University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | | | - David E Stec
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Roberta Foresti
- University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Créteil, France.
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29
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Galicia-Moreno M, Lucano-Landeros S, Monroy-Ramirez HC, Silva-Gomez J, Gutierrez-Cuevas J, Santos A, Armendariz-Borunda J. Roles of Nrf2 in Liver Diseases: Molecular, Pharmacological, and Epigenetic Aspects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100980. [PMID: PMID: 33066023 PMCID: PMC7601324 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases represent a critical health problem with 2 million deaths worldwide per year, mainly due to cirrhosis and its complications. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of liver diseases. In order to maintain an adequate homeostasis, there must be a balance between free radicals and antioxidant mediators. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) comprise a defense mechanism against oxidative stress damage, and growing evidence considers this signaling pathway as a key pharmacological target for the treatment of liver diseases. In this review, we provide detailed and updated evidence regarding Nrf2 and its involvement in the development of the main liver diseases such as alcoholic liver damage, viral hepatitis, steatosis, steatohepatitis, cholestatic damage, and liver cancer. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of Nrf2 cellular signaling are elaborated, along with key and relevant antioxidant drugs, and mechanisms on how Keap1/Nrf2 modulation can positively affect the therapeutic response are described. Finally, exciting recent findings about epigenetic modifications and their link with regulation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Galicia-Moreno
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.L.-L.); (H.C.M.-R.); (J.S.-G.); (J.G.-C.)
| | - Silvia Lucano-Landeros
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.L.-L.); (H.C.M.-R.); (J.S.-G.); (J.G.-C.)
| | - Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramirez
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.L.-L.); (H.C.M.-R.); (J.S.-G.); (J.G.-C.)
| | - Jorge Silva-Gomez
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.L.-L.); (H.C.M.-R.); (J.S.-G.); (J.G.-C.)
| | - Jorge Gutierrez-Cuevas
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.L.-L.); (H.C.M.-R.); (J.S.-G.); (J.G.-C.)
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.L.-L.); (H.C.M.-R.); (J.S.-G.); (J.G.-C.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-333-677-8741
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Li S, Eguchi N, Lau H, Ichii H. The Role of the Nrf2 Signaling in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186973. [PMID: 32971975 PMCID: PMC7555440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a metabolic disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, has globally become an increasingly prevalent disease. Extensive studies have been conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the development of obesity. In particular, the close association of inflammation and oxidative stress with obesity has become increasingly evident. Obesity has been shown to exhibit augmented levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, which have been associated with the activation of pathways linked with inflammation-induced insulin resistance, a major pathological component of obesity and several other metabolic disorders. Oxidative stress, in addition to its role in stimulating adipose differentiation, which directly triggers obesity, is considered to feed into this pathway, further aggravating insulin resistance. Nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that is activated in response to inflammation and oxidative stress, and responds by increasing antioxidant transcription levels. Therefore, Nrf2 has emerged as a critical new target for combating insulin resistance and subsequently, obesity. However, the effects of Nrf2 on insulin resistance and obesity are controversial. This review focuses on the current state of research on the interplay of inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity, the role of the Nrf2 pathway in obesity and insulin resistance, and the potential use of Nrf2 activators for the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Li
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (H.I.); Tel.: +1-(714)-456-5160 (S.L.); +1-(714)-456-8590 (H.I.)
| | | | | | - Hirohito Ichii
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (H.I.); Tel.: +1-(714)-456-5160 (S.L.); +1-(714)-456-8590 (H.I.)
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Ma B, Li P, An H, Song Z. Electroacupuncture Attenuates Liver Inflammation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rats. Inflammation 2020; 43:2372-2378. [PMID: 32737656 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major health concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats induced by high-fat diet (HFD). A model of nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats induced by high fat was established. Rats in the control group were fed standard diet. The rats in model group and EA group were fed with HFD. From the fifth week, the rats in EA group were treated with EA ("FengLongXue," "YinLingQuanXue," "SanYinJiaoXue") for 2 weeks respectively. EA could significantly reduce serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum triglyceride (TG), serum cholesterol (TC), and serum cytokines, and improve liver histopathological changes in rats. EA also could regulate the levels of Sirt1/NF-κB pathway in rat liver. EA relieved liver injury in NAFLD rats, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of Sirt1/NF-κB pathway in rats. This is the first report that electroacupuncture alleviates liver inflammatory reaction of nonalcoholic fatty liver by enhancing Sirt1 expression and inhibiting NLRP3/NF-kB signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingquan Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Hengyuan An
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhiming Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Transcriptional Regulation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10070283. [PMID: 32660130 PMCID: PMC7408131 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the primary risk factor for the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the worldwide prevalence of which continues to increase dramatically. The liver plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of whole-body lipid and glucose homeostasis. This is mainly mediated by the transcriptional activation of hepatic pathways that promote glucose and lipid production or utilization in response to the nutritional state of the body. However, in the setting of chronic excessive nutrition, the dysregulation of hepatic transcriptional machinery promotes lipid accumulation, inflammation, metabolic stress, and fibrosis, which culminate in NAFLD. In this review, we provide our current understanding of the transcription factors that have been linked to the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. Using publicly available transcriptomic data, we outline the altered activity of transcription factors among humans with NAFLD. By expanding this analysis to common experimental mouse models of NAFLD, we outline the relevance of mouse models to the human pathophysiology at the transcriptional level.
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Yu Q, Xia Z, Liong EC, Tipoe GL. Chronic aerobic exercise improves insulin sensitivity and modulates Nrf2 and NF‑κB/IκBα pathways in the skeletal muscle of rats fed with a high fat diet. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4963-4972. [PMID: 31702809 PMCID: PMC6854540 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the ameliorative effects of chronic aerobic exercise on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rat skeletal muscle. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=6–9 per group) were divided into four groups: i) Rats fed with normal chow; ii) exercise rats fed with normal chow + exercise (run on a rotarod for 30 min per day from 9–12 weeks); iii) rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD); iv) rats fed with an HFD + exercise. All HFD rats were fed with an HFD consisting of 30% fat from fish oil throughout the study for 12 weeks. Exercise decreased the levels of hepatic lipogenic markers carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein, fat-specific protein 27 and liver X receptor and improved systemic glucose and insulin intolerance in the NASH animal model. The beneficial effects may have been mediated partly via the tripartite motif-containing family protein 72 (TRIM72)/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, accompanied with an upregulation of glucose transporter 4 in the skeletal muscle. The exercise regimen activated the master regulator of antioxidant enzymes, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, with upregulation of superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] expression and a corresponding decrease in kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 expression, but failed to decrease the levels of the oxidative marker malondialdehyde in the HFD rat skeletal muscle. Chronic exercise decreased the expression of the inflammation marker NF-κB, followed by a decrease in interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, as verified by a corresponding increase in the level of NF-κB inhibitor α expression. Exercise may exert its beneficial effects by improving muscle insulin sensitivity via the TRIM72/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, contributing to the improvement of systemic insulin intolerance, and finally leading to decreased hepatic lipogenesis during NASH. The attenuation of insulin resistance by exercise may be partly achieved through a decrease in the level of inflammation and an increased antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyun Xia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Emily Chiu Liong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - George Lim Tipoe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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Chuang WT, Liu YT, Huang CS, Lo CW, Yao HT, Chen HW, Lii CK. Benzyl Isothiocyanate and Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Inhibit Adipogenesis and Hepatosteatosis in Mice with Obesity Induced by a High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7136-7146. [PMID: 31240929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) are organosulfur phytochemicals rich in cruciferous vegetables. We investigated the antiobesity and antihepatosteatosis activities of BITC and PEITC and the working mechanisms involved. C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD), a high-fat diet (HFD), or a HFD supplemented with 0.5 (L) or 1 g/kg (H) BITC or PEITC for 18 weeks. Compared with the HFD group, BITC or PEITC decreased the final body weight of mice in a dose-dependent manner [39.0 ± 3.1 (HFD), 34.4 ± 3.2 (BITC-L), 32.4 ± 2.8 (BITC-H), 36.2 ± 4.4 (PEITC-L), and 32.8 ± 2.9 (PEITC-H) g, p < 0.05], relative weight of epididymal fat [5.7 ± 0.4 (HFD), 4.7 ± 0.7 (BITC-L), 3.7 ± 0.3 (BITC-H), 4.4 ± 1.0 (PEITC-L), and 3.2 ± 0.6 (PEITC-H) %, p < 0.05], hepatic triglycerides [98.4 ± 6.0 (HFD), 81.0 ± 8.9 (BITC-L), 63.5 ± 5.6 (BITC-H), 69.3 ± 5.6 (PEITC-L), and 49.4 ± 2.9 (PEITC-H) mg/g, p < 0.05], and plasma total cholesterol [140 ± 21.3 (HFD), 109 ± 5.6 (BITC-L), 101 ± 11.3 (BITC-H), 126 ± 8.3 (PEITC-L), and 91.8 ± 12.7 (PEITC-H) mg/dL, p < 0.05]. Q-PCR and immunoblotting assays revealed that BITC and PEITC suppressed the expression of liver X receptor α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in both epididymal adipose and liver tissues. After a single oral administration of 85 mg/kg BITC or PEITC, the maximum plasma concentrations ( Cmax) of BITC and PEITC were 5.8 ± 2.0 μg/mL and 4.3 ± 1.9 μg/mL, respectively. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, BITC and PEITC dose-dependently reduced adipocyte differentiation and cell cycle was arrested in G0/G1 phase. These findings indicate that BITC and PEITC ameliorate HFD-induced obesity and fatty liver by down-regulating adipocyte differentiation and the expression of lipogenic transcription factors and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chuang
- Department of Nutrition , China Medical University , Taichung 404 , Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ta Liu
- Department of Nutrition , China Medical University , Taichung 404 , Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology , Asia University , Taichung 413 , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lo
- Department of Nutrition , China Medical University , Taichung 404 , Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition , China Medical University , Taichung 404 , Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition , China Medical University , Taichung 404 , Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition , China Medical University , Taichung 404 , Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology , Asia University , Taichung 413 , Taiwan
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Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Biel-Glesson S, Fernandez-Navarro JR, Calleja MA, Espejo-Calvo JA, Gil-Extremera B, de la Torre R, Fito M, Covas MI, Vilchez P, Alche JDD, Martinez de Victoria E, Gil A, Mesa MD. Effects of Virgin Olive Oils Differing in Their Bioactive Compound Contents on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030561. [PMID: 30845690 PMCID: PMC6470869 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A regular consumption of virgin olive oil (VOO) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to assess whether the raw intake of an optimized VOO (OVOO, 490 ppm of phenolic compounds and 86 ppm of triterpenes), and a functional olive oil (FOO, 487 ppm of phenolic compounds and enriched with 389 ppm of triterpenes) supplementation (30 mL per day) during three weeks would provide additional health benefits to those produced by a standard VOO (124 ppm of phenolic compounds and 86 ppm of triterpenes) on oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers. Fifty-one healthy adults participated in a randomized, crossover, and controlled study. Urinary 8-hidroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α) concentrations were lower after the intervention with the FOO than after the OVOO (p = 0.033, p = 0.011 and p = 0.020, respectively). In addition, IL-8 was lower after the intervention with FOO than after VOO intervention (p = 0.002). This study provides a first level of evidence on the in vivo health benefits of olive oil triterpenes (oleanolic and maslinic acids) in healthy humans, decreasing DNA oxidation and plasma inflammatory biomarkers. The trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02520739.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Sara Biel-Glesson
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental "Alejandro Otero" (FIBAO), Avenida de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jose R Fernandez-Navarro
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental "Alejandro Otero" (FIBAO), Avenida de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Calleja
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental "Alejandro Otero" (FIBAO), Avenida de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan A Espejo-Calvo
- Instituto para la Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria (ICSA), Avenida de la Hispanidad 17, 18320 Santa Fe, Granada, Spain.
| | - Blas Gil-Extremera
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fito
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- NUPROAS Handelsbolag, Nackã, Sweden, NUPROAS HB, Apartado de Correos 93, 17242 Girona, Spain.
| | - Pedro Vilchez
- Laboratorio CEM Europa S.L., Polígono Industrial "Cañada de la Fuente", Carretera Fuensanta, s/n, 23600 Martos, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Juan de Dios Alche
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Emilio Martinez de Victoria
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA). Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria D Mesa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA). Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
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Li L, Fu J, Sun J, Liu D, Chen C, Wang H, Hou Y, Xu Y, Pi J. Is Nrf2-ARE a potential target in NAFLD mitigation? CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sharma H, Kumar P, Deshmukh RR, Bishayee A, Kumar S. Pentacyclic triterpenes: New tools to fight metabolic syndrome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:166-177. [PMID: 30466975 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a combination of dysregulated cardiometabolic risk factors characterized by dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, inflammation, obesity as well as hypertension. These factors are tied to the increased risk for type-II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction in patients with metabolic syndrome. PURPOSE To review the proposed molecular mechanisms of pentacyclic triterpenes for their potential use in the metabolic syndrome. METHODS PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar database were searched from commencement to April 2018. Following keywords were searched in the databases with varying combinations: "metabolic syndrome", "pentacyclic triterpenes", "transcription factors", "protein kinase", "lipogenesis", "adipogenesis", "lipolysis", "fatty acids", "gluconeogenesis", "cardiovascular", "mitochondria", "oxidative stress", "pancreas", "hepatic cells", "skeletal muscle", "3T3-L1", "C2C12", "obesity", "inflammation", "insulin resistance", "glucose uptake", "clinical studies" and "bioavailability". RESULTS Pentacyclic triterpenes, such as asiatic acid, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, α,β-amyrin, celastrol, carbenoxolone, corosolic acid, maslinic acid, bardoxolone methyl and lupeol downregulate several metabolic syndrome components by regulating transcription factors, protein kinases and enzyme involved in the adipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, insulin resistance, mitochondria biogenesis, gluconeogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation. CONCLUSION In vitro and in vivo studies suggests that pentacyclic triterpenes effectively downregulate various factors related to metabolic syndrome. These phytochemicals may serve as promising candidates for clinical trials for the management of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitender Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119 Haryana, India
| | - Pushpander Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119 Haryana, India
| | - Rahul R Deshmukh
- School of Pharmacy, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119 Haryana, India.
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Kountouras J, Polyzos SA, Doulberis M, Zeglinas C, Artemaki F, Vardaka E, Deretzi G, Giartza-Taxidou E, Tzivras D, Vlachaki E, Kazakos E, Katsinelos P, Mantzoros CS. Potential impact of Helicobacter pylori-related metabolic syndrome on upper and lower gastrointestinal tract oncogenesis. Metabolism 2018; 87:18-24. [PMID: 29936174 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both Helicobacter pylori infection and metabolic syndrome present significant global public health burdens. Metabolic syndrome is closely related to insulin resistance, the major underlying mechanism responsible for metabolic abnormalities, and Helicobacter pylori infection has been proposed to be a contributing factor. There is growing evidence for a potential association between Helicobacter pylori infection and insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and related morbidity, including abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, all of which increase mortality related to cardio-cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and malignancies. More specifically, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and hyperinsulinemia have been associated with upper and lower gastrointestinal tract oncogenesis. Apart from cardio-cerebrovascular, degenerative diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a number of studies claim that Helicobacter pylori infection is implicated in metabolic syndrome-related Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma development, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric oncogenesis as well as lower gastrointestinal tract oncogenesis. This review summarizes evidence on the potential impact of Helicobacter pylori-related metabolic syndrome on gastroesophageal reflux disease-Barrett's esophagus-esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric atrophy-intestinal metaplasia-dysplasia-gastric cancer and colorectal adenoma-dysplasia-colorectal cancer sequences. Helicobacter pylori eradication might inhibit these oncogenic processes, and thus further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Inselspital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Zeglinas
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Fotini Artemaki
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Vardaka
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Sindos, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | | | | | - Efthymia Vlachaki
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhao M, Yuan MM, Yuan L, Huang LL, Liao JH, Yu XL, Su C, Chen YH, Yang YY, Yu H, Xu DX. Chronic folate deficiency induces glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and subsequent cognitive dysfunction in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202910. [PMID: 30153273 PMCID: PMC6112663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that folate levels were decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and further lowered in T2D patients with cognitive impairment. However, whether folate deficiency could cause T2D and subsequent cognitive dysfunction is still unknown. The present study aimed to explore the effects of chronic folate deficiency (CFD) on glucose and lipid metabolism and cognitive function in mice. Seven-week-old mice were fed with either a CFD or control diet for 25 weeks. Serum folate was significantly reduced, whereas serum total homocysteine was significantly increased in the CFD group. Moreover, CFD induced obesity after a 6-week diet treatment, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance after a 16-week-diet treatment. In addition, CFD reduced the hepatic p-Akt/Akt ratio in response to acute insulin administration. Moreover, CFD increased serum triglyceride levels, upregulated hepatic Acc1 and Fasn mRNA expression, and downregulated hepatic Cd36 and ApoB mRNA expression. After a 24-week diet treatment, CFD induced anxiety-related activities and impairment of spatial learning and memory performance. This study demonstrates that folate deficiency could induce obesity, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and subsequent cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Man Man Yuan
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Li Huang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Hong Liao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Ling Yu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Hua Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Ying Yang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Yu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De Xiang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Hernández-Rodas MC, Valenzuela R, Echeverría F, Rincón-Cervera MÁ, Espinosa A, Illesca P, Muñoz P, Corbari A, Romero N, Gonzalez-Mañan D, Videla LA. Supplementation with Docosahexaenoic Acid and Extra Virgin Olive Oil Prevents Liver Steatosis Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Mice through PPAR-α and Nrf2 Upregulation with Concomitant SREBP-1c and NF-kB Downregulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28940752 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver disease, for which there is no validated drug therapy at present time. In this respect, the PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3) modulate lipid metabolism in the liver, and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has hepatoprotective effects. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of combined DHA (C22:6 n-3) and EVOO administration to mice on oxidative stress and metabolic disturbances induced by high-fat diet (HFD) is evaluated. Male C57BL/6J mice are fed with a control diet (10% fat, 20% protein, and 70% carbohydrates) or an HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrates) for 12 weeks. Animals are supplemented with DHA (50 mg/kg/day), EVOO (50 mg/kg/day), or DHA + EVOO through oral route. DHA + EVOO cosupplementation results in greater protection (p < 0.05) over that elicited by DHA or EVOO supply alone, when compared to the damage induced by HFD. DHA + EVOO significantly reduces hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Synergistic beneficial effects of DHA + EVOO supplementation are associated with the activation/inactivation of key transcription factors involved in the above-mentioned processes. Data presented indicate that dietary supplementation with DHA + EVOO drastically reduces the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Illesca
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Patricio Muñoz
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Corbari
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nalda Romero
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Mañan
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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41
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Musso G, De Michieli F, Bongiovanni D, Parente R, Framarin L, Leone N, Berrutti M, Gambino R, Cassader M, Cohney S, Paschetta E. New Pharmacologic Agents That Target Inflammation and Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related Kidney Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15:972-985. [PMID: 27521506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic data show an association between the prevalence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the incidence and stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD); furthermore, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related cirrhosis has a higher risk of renal failure, a greater necessity for simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation, and a poorer renal outcome than cirrhosis of other etiologies even after simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation. These data suggest that NASH and CKD share common proinflammatory and profibrotic mechanisms of progression, which are targeted incompletely by current treatments. We reviewed therapeutic approaches to late preclinical/early clinical stage of development in NASH and/or CKD, focusing on anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic treatments, which could slow the progression of both disease conditions. Renin inhibitors and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 activators are new renin-angiotensin axis modulators that showed incremental advantages over angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers in preclinical models. Novel, potent, and selective agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and of farnesoid X receptor, designed to overcome limitations of older compounds, showed promising results in clinical trials. Epigenetics, heat stress response, and common effectors of redox regulation also were subjected to intensive research, and the gut was targeted by several approaches, including synbiotics, antilipopolysaccharide antibodies, Toll-like receptor-4 antagonists, incretin mimetics, and fibroblast growth factor 19 analogs. Promising anti-inflammatory therapies include inhibitors of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome, of nuclear factor-κB, and of vascular adhesion protein-1, chemokine antagonists, and solithromycin, and approaches targeting common profibrogenic pathways operating in the liver and the kidney include galectin-3 antagonists, and inhibitors of rho-associated protein kinase and of epidermal growth factor activation. The evidence, merits, and limitations of each approach for the treatment of NASH and CKD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Leone
- Gradenigo Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Berrutti
- Gradenigo Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Solomon Cohney
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne and Western Hospital, Victoria, University of Melbourne, Australia
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