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García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Cobo-Prieto D, De Leon-Oliva D, Boaru DL, De Castro-Martinez P, Pekarek L, Gragera R, Hernández-Fernández M, Guijarro LG, Toledo-Lobo MDV, López-González L, Díaz-Pedrero R, Monserrat J, Álvarez-Mon M, Saez MA, Ortega MA. Abnormal Histopathological Expression of Klotho, Ferroptosis, and Circadian Clock Regulators in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Prognostic Implications and Correlation Analyses. Biomolecules 2024; 14:947. [PMID: 39199335 PMCID: PMC11353028 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely lethal tumor with increasing incidence, presenting numerous clinical challenges. The histopathological examination of novel, unexplored biomarkers offers a promising avenue for research, with significant translational potential for improving patient outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of ferroptosis markers (TFRC, ALOX-5, ACSL-4, and GPX-4), circadian clock regulators (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, PER2), and KLOTHO in a retrospective cohort of 41 patients deceased by PDAC. Immunohistochemical techniques (IHC) and multiple statistical analyses (Kaplan-Meier curves, correlograms, and multinomial linear regression models) were performed. Our findings reveal that ferroptosis markers are directly associated with PDAC mortality, while circadian regulators and KLOTHO are inversely associated. Notably, TFRC emerged as the strongest risk marker associated with mortality (HR = 35.905), whereas CLOCK was identified as the most significant protective marker (HR = 0.01832). Correlation analyses indicate that ferroptosis markers are positively correlated with each other, as are circadian regulators, which also positively correlate with KLOTHO expression. In contrast, KLOTHO and circadian regulators exhibit inverse correlations with ferroptosis markers. Among the clinical variables examined, only the presence of chronic pathologies showed an association with the expression patterns of several proteins studied. These findings underscore the complexity of PDAC pathogenesis and highlight the need for further research into the specific molecular mechanisms driving disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - David Cobo-Prieto
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Patricia De Castro-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Raquel Gragera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mauricio Hernández-Fernández
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - María Del Val Toledo-Lobo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura López-González
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Raul Díaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Prince of Asturias, Networking Research Center on for Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
- Pathological Anatomy Service, University Hospital Gómez-Ulla, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (D.C.-P.); (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (P.D.C.-M.); (L.P.); (R.G.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.); (M.A.S.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (M.D.V.T.-L.); (L.L.-G.); (R.D.-P.)
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Pires DA, Brandão-Rangel MAR, Silva-Reis A, Olímpio FRS, Aimbire F, Oliveira CR, Mateus-Silva JR, Zamarioli LS, Bachi ALL, Bella YF, Santos JMB, Bincoletto C, Lancha AH, Vieira RP. Vitamin C Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hyperinflammatory State of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells through Purinergic Signaling and Autophagy. Nutrients 2024; 16:383. [PMID: 38337668 PMCID: PMC10857061 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the overproduction of white blood cells, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, infections, and other complications. CML patients must take measures to prevent infections to mitigate the exacerbation of cancer cell proliferation and comorbidities. Methods: This study investigated whether vitamin C can suppress the hyperinflammatory activation of K-562 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and whether purinergic signaling (ATP and P2X7 receptor) and autophagy play a role in it. Two different doses of vitamin C (5 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL) were employed, along with the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine (CQ; 100 µM), administered 2 h prior to LPS stimulation (10 ng/mL) for a duration of 22 h in K-562 cells (3 × 105 cells/mL/well). Results: Both doses of vitamin C reduced the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (5 µg/mL, p < 0.01 and 10 µg/mL, p < 0.01) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (5 µg/mL, p < 0.01 and 10 µg/mL, p < 0.01) induced by LPS. Furthermore, in LPS + CQ-stimulated cells, vitamin C at a concentration of 10 µg/mL inhibited the expression of LC3-II (p < 0.05). Conversely, both doses of vitamin C led to the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) (5 µg/mL, p < 0.01 and 10 µg/mL, p < 0.01), while only the 10 µg/mL dose of vitamin C induced the release of Klotho (10 µg/mL, p < 0.01). In addition, both doses of vitamin C reduced the accumulation of ATP (5 µg/mL, p < 0.01 and 10 µg/mL, p < 0.01) and decreased the expression of the P2X7 receptor at the mRNA level. Conclusions: Vitamin C inhibits the hyperinflammatory state induced by LPS in K-562 cells, primarily by inhibiting the ATP accumulation, P2X7 receptor expression, and autophagy signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A. Pires
- Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, Rua Carolina Fonseca 235, São Paulo 08230-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Maysa A. R. Brandão-Rangel
- Postgraduate Program in Science of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos 11060-001, SP, Brazil; (M.A.R.B.-R.); (A.S.-R.); (Y.F.B.); (J.M.B.S.)
| | - Anamei Silva-Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Science of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos 11060-001, SP, Brazil; (M.A.R.B.-R.); (A.S.-R.); (Y.F.B.); (J.M.B.S.)
| | - Fabiana R. S. Olímpio
- Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 720, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04039-002, SP, Brazil; (F.R.S.O.); (F.A.)
| | - Flavio Aimbire
- Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 720, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04039-002, SP, Brazil; (F.R.S.O.); (F.A.)
| | - Carlos R. Oliveira
- Gap Biotech Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Rua Comendador Remo Cesaroni 223, São José dos Campos 12243-020, SP, Brazil; (C.R.O.); (J.R.M.-S.)
| | - José R. Mateus-Silva
- Gap Biotech Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Rua Comendador Remo Cesaroni 223, São José dos Campos 12243-020, SP, Brazil; (C.R.O.); (J.R.M.-S.)
| | - Lucas S. Zamarioli
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil; (L.S.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - André L. L. Bachi
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Santo Amaro University, Rua Prof. Enéas de Siqueira Neto 340, São Paulo 04829-300, SP, Brazil;
| | - Yanesko F. Bella
- Postgraduate Program in Science of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos 11060-001, SP, Brazil; (M.A.R.B.-R.); (A.S.-R.); (Y.F.B.); (J.M.B.S.)
| | - Juliana M. B. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Science of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos 11060-001, SP, Brazil; (M.A.R.B.-R.); (A.S.-R.); (Y.F.B.); (J.M.B.S.)
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil; (L.S.Z.); (C.B.)
| | - Antonio Herbert Lancha
- Experimental Surgery (LIM 26), Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 455, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rodolfo P. Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, Rua Carolina Fonseca 235, São Paulo 08230-030, SP, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Science of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos 11060-001, SP, Brazil; (M.A.R.B.-R.); (A.S.-R.); (Y.F.B.); (J.M.B.S.)
- Gap Biotech Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Rua Comendador Remo Cesaroni 223, São José dos Campos 12243-020, SP, Brazil; (C.R.O.); (J.R.M.-S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation and in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goiás (Unievangélica), Avenida Universitária Km 3,5, Anápolis 75083-515, GO, Brazil
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Mota J, Lima AMM, Gomes JIS, Souza de Andrade M, Brito HO, Silva MMAL, Faustino-Rocha AI, Oliveira PA, Lopes FF, Gil da Costa RM. Klotho in Cancer: Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Applications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3357. [PMID: 37958253 PMCID: PMC10650206 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho proteins, αKlotho, βKlotho, and γKlotho, exert tumor-suppressive activities via the fibroblast growth factor receptors and multiple cell-signaling pathways. There is a growing interest in Klotho proteins as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for multiple diseases. However, recent advances regarding their roles and potential applications in cancer remain disperse and require an integrated analysis. The present review analyzed research articles published between 2012 and 2022 in the Cochrane and Scopus scientific databases to study the role of Klotho in cancer and their potential as tools for diagnosing specific cancer types, predicting tumor aggressiveness and prognosis. Twenty-six articles were selected, dealing with acute myeloid leukemia and with bladder, breast, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, ovarian, pancreatic, prostatic, pulmonary, renal, and thyroid cancers. αKlotho was consistently associated with improved prognosis and may be useful in estimating patient survival. A single study reported the use of soluble αKlotho levels in blood serum as a tool to aid the diagnosis of esophageal cancer. γKlotho was associated with increased aggressiveness of bladder, breast, and prostate cancer, and βKlotho showed mixed results. Further clinical development of Klotho-based assays will require careful identification of specific tumor subtypes where Klotho proteins may be most valuable as diagnostic or prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucileide Mota
- Post-Graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65085-580, Brazil
| | - Alice Marques Moreira Lima
- Health Sciences Center, State University of the Tocantins Region of Maranhão (UEMASUL), Imperatriz 6591-480, Brazil
| | - Jhessica I. S. Gomes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65085-580, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Souza de Andrade
- Post-Graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65085-580, Brazil
| | - Haissa O. Brito
- Post-Graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65085-580, Brazil
- Morphology Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65085-580, Brazil
| | | | - Ana I. Faustino-Rocha
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda F. Lopes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65085-580, Brazil
| | - Rui M. Gil da Costa
- Post-Graduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65085-580, Brazil
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering (ALiCE), University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Health Research Network, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CIIPOP/RISE@CIIPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Kim G, Chung H, Lee S, Kim WH. Reduced Klotho expression and its prognostic significance in canine hepatocellular carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:91-99. [PMID: 36482288 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Klotho is an anti-ageing gene and is known to act as a tumour suppressor in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). According to a previous study, Klotho is present in normal canine mammary glands, and down-expression in tumours is positively associated with negative prognosis. However, the presence and significance of Klotho in canine HCC has not yet been reported. This study aimed to confirm Klotho expression in normal canine liver tissues using western blotting and immunohistochemistry, and whether the expression differed in non-neoplastic liver disease and HCC. Furthermore, correlation between clinicopathologic features and expression of Klotho was evaluated. All of the normal liver tissues showed the presence of Klotho, and Klotho expression was significantly decreased in the HCC tissue as compared to the non-neoplastic hepatic tissue. Additionally, Klotho expression was significantly associated with tumour size (P = .045), liver enzyme (alanine aminotransferase (ALT)) (P = .018), and metastasis (P = .024). Analysis of the survival curve revealed that reduced Klotho expression was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival (P = .041) in HCC. These results show that Klotho expression is present in normal canine liver tissue and that reduced Klotho expression is associated with poor prognosis in canine HCC. Thus, Klotho was presumed to be a potential clinical prognostic marker for canine HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heaji Chung
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zeng X, Zhong Q, Li M, Liu Y, long S, Xie Y, Mo Z. Androgen increases klotho expression via the androgen receptor-mediated pathway to induce GCs apoptosis. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:10. [PMID: 36641458 PMCID: PMC9840339 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many epidemiological studies have shown that anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is accompanied by hyperandrogenism. However, the exact mechanism of hyperandrogen-induced anovulation remains to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of anovulation in PCOS. To investigate the role of klotho as a key factor in the androgen receptor (AR)-mediated development of PCOS, we investigated the effects of testosterone on ovarian klotho expression in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Testosterone propionate (TP)-induced rats showed cycle irregularity, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovarian changes, dyslipidemia. However, inhibition of AR expression could relieve PCOS traits. We also found that AR and klotho showed relatively high expression in PCOS rat ovarian tissue and in TP-induced granulosa cells (GCs), which was inhibited by the addition of flutamide. TP-induced GCs apoptosis was suppressed by AR antagonist, as well as silencing klotho expression in human GCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that AR indirectly binds to the klotho promoter. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated TP mediates the expression of klotho via androgen receptor and klotho alterations could be a reason for ovarian dysfunction in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zeng
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Province Postgraduate Co-Training Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 Guangxi China ,Department of Basic Medicine, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoqing Zhong
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ming Li
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Province Postgraduate Co-Training Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 Guangxi China
| | - Yating Liu
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Shuanglian long
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Yuanjie Xie
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Province Postgraduate Co-Training Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 Guangxi China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Province Postgraduate Co-Training Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199 Guangxi China
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Abraham CR, Li A. Aging-suppressor Klotho: Prospects in diagnostics and therapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101766. [PMID: 36283617 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The protein Klotho (KL) was first discovered in KL-deficient mice, which developed a syndrome similar to premature aging in humans. Since then, KL has been implicated in multiple molecular signaling pathways and diseases. KL has been shown to have anti-aging, healthspan and lifespan extending, cognitive enhancing, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. KL levels decrease with age and in many diseases. Therefore, it has been of great interest to develop a KL-boosting or restoring drug, or to supplement endogenous Klotho with exogenous Klotho genetic material or recombinant Klotho protein, and to use KL levels in the body as a marker for the efficacy of such drugs and as a biomarker for the diagnosis and management of diseases. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of KL levels across age groups in individuals who are healthy or have certain health conditions, using four sources: blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and whole biopsy/necropsy tissue. By doing so, baseline KL levels can be identified across the lifespan, in the absence or presence of disease. In turn, these findings can be used to guide the development of future KL-based therapeutics and biomarkers, which will heavily rely on an individual's baseline KL range to be efficacious. METHODS A total of 65 studies were collected primarily using the PubMed database. Research articles that were published up to April 2022 were included. Statistical analysis was conducted using RStudio. RESULTS Mean and median blood KL levels in healthy individuals, mean blood KL levels in individuals with renal conditions, and mean blood KL levels in individuals with metabolic or endocrine conditions were shown to decrease with age. Similarly, CSF KL levels in patients with AD also declined compared with age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the trend that KL levels in blood decrease with age in humans, among those who are healthy, and even further among those with renal and endocrine/metabolic illnesses. Further, by drawing this trend from multiple published works, we were able to provide a general idea of baseline KL ranges, specifically in blood in these populations. These data add to the current knowledge on normal KL levels in the body and how they change with time and in disease, and can potentially support efforts to create KL-based treatments and screening tools to better manage aging, renal, and metabolic/endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela R Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Anne Li
- Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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The role of α-klotho in human cancer: molecular and clinical aspects. Oncogene 2022; 41:4487-4497. [PMID: 36038662 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Klotho is a well-established longevity hormone. Its most prominent function is the regulation of phosphate homeostasis. However, klotho possesses multiple pleiotropic activities, including inhibition of major signaling pathways, reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammation. These activities are tightly associated with cancer, and klotho was discovered as a universal tumor suppressor. We review here novel molecular aspects of klotho activity in cancer, focusing on its structure-function relationships and clinical aspects regarding its expression, blood levels, clinical risk, and prognostic value in the clinical setting. In addition, the potential benefit of klotho treatment combined with chemotherapy, biological therapy, or immunotherapy, are discussed. Finally, as klotho was shown in preclinical models to inhibit cancer development and growth, we discuss various approaches to developing klotho-based therapies.
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8
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Chung H, Lee S, Kim GA, Kim WH. Down-expression of klotho in canine mammary gland tumors and its prognostic significance. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265248. [PMID: 35666743 PMCID: PMC9170104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of klotho as an anti-aging gene, its association with tumors has been studied. Several previous studies have reported the down-expression of klotho in various human cancers, and much of its mechanism has been revealed. Nonetheless, the significance of klotho in canine mammary gland tumors is not yet known. This study aimed to determine whether klotho is expressed within normal canine mammary glands and whether the expression changes in benign and malignant tumors. Using immunohistochemistry, the experiment was conducted on eight normal canine mammary gland tissues and 55 mammary gland tumor samples. Additionally, the correlation between the Ki-67 proliferation index and clinicopathological features, such as age, tumor size, tumor grade, histologic type, and metastasis, was evaluated. All eight normal mammary gland tissues showed immunohistochemistry expression of klotho, and the expression significantly decreased as malignancy increased. Among the samples, 11% (3/28) of benign tumors and 26% (7/27) of malignant tumors showed negative klotho expression. Furthermore, higher Ki-67 expression, higher grades, and metastasis were confirmed to be associated with the negative klotho expression. Analysis of the survival curve for dogs with malignant tumors revealed that negative klotho expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. These results indicate that klotho is expressed in normal canine mammary glands and that negative klotho expression in canine mammary gland tumors is positively correlated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heaji Chung
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A. Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Health Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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9
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Borges BC, Do Amaral PA, Soldi LR, Costa Silva VL, Carvalho De Souza F, Cordeiro Da Luz FA, Agenor De Araújo R, Barbosa Silva MJ. Undetected αKlotho in serum is associated with the most aggressive phenotype of breast cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:93. [PMID: 35350405 PMCID: PMC8943645 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho, a cellular anti-senescence protein, is related to antitumor actions, growth regulation, proliferation and invasiveness in several types of tumor, including breast cancer. The present study aimed to analyze the serum levels of αKlotho in patients with breast cancer according to histopathological and immunohistochemical variables. A total of 74 patients and 60 healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected and serum levels were assessed by sandwich ELISA. Clinical and diagnostic data were obtained from medical records and databases of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (Uberlândia, Brazil). The results indicated no difference in the levels of αKlotho between patients and controls (P=0.068); however, the number of patients with breast cancer with undetectable αKlotho was high (n=52). Thus, the variables that were associated with the lowest survival rates were analyzed, relating them to undetectable αKlotho. Among cases of metastatic tumors or tumors with poor differentiation, positive lymph node status and triple-negative status, patients with undetectable αKlotho predominated and had unfavorable overall survival. Due to the significant results obtained in triple-negative patients, an in vitro analysis was performed to determine whether estrogen receptors (ERs) have a role in αKlotho production. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with ER agonists, estradiol (E2) and diarylpropionitrile (DPN), resulted in increases in αKlotho expression and supernatant levels of both agonists, demonstrating a direct association between the ER and Klotho production; of note, the ERβ-specific agonist DPN tripled αKlotho expression when compared to E2 (P=0.078). These data suggested that undetectable αKlotho in the serum of patients with breast cancer is related to unfavorable histopathological variables and poor prognosis and ERs possibly have an important role in maintaining adequate quantities of αKlotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cristina Borges
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Do Amaral
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Soldi
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Victor Luigi Costa Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carvalho De Souza
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Felipe Andrés Cordeiro Da Luz
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
- Núcleo de Prevenção, Pesquisa e Projeto de Câncer, Hospital do Câncer, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Rogério Agenor De Araújo
- Núcleo de Prevenção, Pesquisa e Projeto de Câncer, Hospital do Câncer, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
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Investigation of the Role of Induced Overexpression of the Isolated Secreted Klotho on the A-172 Human Glioblastoma Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:401-409. [PMID: 35112226 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Klotho gene, identified in 1997 as an anti-aging gene, can manufacture two protein products: transmembrane and secreted forms. The later research revealed the involvement of klotho in carcinogenesis. However, little is known about the action of different Klotho forms on antitumor effects is still. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of isolated secreted Klotho overexpression on the growth features of human glioblastoma cell line A-172.A-172 was transfected by a plasmid vector incorporating secreted Klotho sequence by the liposomal method. Overexpression assay was carried out quantitatively on both mRNA and protein using RT-qPCR and ELISA, correspondingly. It was shown that the relative expression of secreted Klotho in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the untransfected group by both methods (p < 0.001). At the same time, the growth curves and MTT proliferation assay demonstrated significantly decreased values under induced overexpression (p < 0.01). The increased amount of cells with activated caspases and annexin V (p < 0.001) corresponded with the expression of secreted Klotho. This mechanism, as suggested, maybe causative of the observed effects.
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11
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Weston WC, Hales KH, Hales DB. Flaxseed Increases Animal Lifespan and Reduces Ovarian Cancer Severity by Toxically Augmenting One-Carbon Metabolism. Molecules 2021; 26:5674. [PMID: 34577143 PMCID: PMC8471351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We used an LC-MS/MS metabolomics approach to investigate one-carbon metabolism in the plasma of flaxseed-fed White Leghorn laying hens (aged 3.5 years). In our study, dietary flaxseed (via the activity of a vitamin B6 antagonist known as "1-amino d-proline") induced at least 15-fold elevated plasma cystathionine. Surprisingly, plasma homocysteine (Hcy) was stable in flaxseed-fed hens despite such highly elevated cystathionine. To explain stable Hcy, our data suggest accelerated Hcy remethylation via BHMT and MS-B12. Also supporting accelerated Hcy remethylation, we observed elevated S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), an elevated SAM:SAH ratio, and elevated methylthioadenosine (MTA), in flaxseed-fed hens. These results suggest that flaxseed increases SAM biosynthesis and possibly increases polyamine biosynthesis. The following endpoint phenotypes were observed in hens consuming flaxseed: decreased physiological aging, increased empirical lifespan, 9-14% reduced body mass, and improved liver function. Overall, we suggest that flaxseed can protect women from ovarian tumor metastasis by decreasing omental adiposity. We also propose that flaxseed protects cancer patients from cancer-associated cachexia by enhancing liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Weston
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Systemic Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
| | - Karen H. Hales
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
| | - Dale B. Hales
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Systemic Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;
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12
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Al-Zahrani MH, Yahya FM, Assidi M, Dallol A, Buhmeida A. Klotho promoter methylation status and its prognostic value in ovarian cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:181. [PMID: 34277000 PMCID: PMC8278383 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all gynecological cancers, ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer worldwide. Epigenetic silencing of some genes has been reported to be associated with OC. In this context, Klotho (KL) gene methylation is a promising biomarker for OC. The present study aimed to investigate the methylation profiles of KL and assess its prognostic value. A total of 63 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from patients with primary OC were collected and analyzed in the present study. The methylation profiles of KL were assessed by performing DNA bisulfate treatment followed by DNA promoter methylation analysis using the MethyLight assay. The results revealed KL promoter hypermethylation in 62% of the OC cohort. Additionally, significant associations were observed between KL methylation profiles and tumor subtype (P<0.0001) and tumor site (P=0.039). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that a worse disease-specific survival was significantly associated with hypermethylated KL (P=0.03, log-rank; hazard ration, 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.26-0.90). Cox regression multivariate analysis indicated that KL promoter methylation was an independent OC prognostic indicator (P=0.029). The current study suggested that KL may be a novel biomarker to predict prognosis in patients with OC, since patients with higher KL promoter methylation were more likely to have a poor prognosis and would therefore require frequent follow-up and integrative personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam H. Al-Zahrani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah M. Yahya
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mourad Assidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dallol
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Buhmeida
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Gagan JM, Cao K, Zhang YA, Zhang J, Davidson TL, Pastor JV, Moe OW, Hsia CCW. Constitutive transgenic alpha-Klotho overexpression enhances resilience to and recovery from murine acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L736-L749. [PMID: 34346778 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00629.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Normal lungs do not express alpha-Klotho (Klotho) protein but derive cytoprotection from circulating soluble Klotho. It is unclear whether chronic supranormal Klotho levels confer additional benefit. To address this, we tested the age-related effects of Klotho overexpression on acute lung injury (ALI) and recovery. METHODS Transgenic Klotho-overexpressing (Tg-Kl) and wild-type (WT) mice (2 and 6 months old) were exposed to hyperoxia (95% O2; 72 h) then returned to normoxia (21% O2; 24 h) (Hx-R). Control mice were kept in normoxia. Renal and serum Klotho, lung histology, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid oxidative damage markers were assessed. Effects of hyperoxia were tested in human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing Klotho. A549 lung epithelial cells transfected with Klotho cDNA or vector were exposed to cigarette smoke; lactate dehydrogenase and double-strand DNA breaks were measured. RESULTS Serum Klotho decreased with age. Hyperoxia suppressed renal Klotho at both ages and serum Klotho at 2-months of age. Tg-Kl mice at both ages and 2-months-old WT mice survived Hx-R; 6-months-old Tg-Kl mice showed lower lung damage than age-matched WT mice. Hyperoxia directly inhibited Klotho expression and release in vitro; Klotho transfection attenuated cigarette smoke-induced cytotoxicity and DNA double-strand breaks in lung epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Young animals with chronic high baseline Klotho expression are more resistant to ALI. Chronic constitutive Klotho overexpression in older Tg-Kl animals attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung damage and improves survival and short-term recovery despite an acute reduction in serum Klotho level during injury. We conclude that chronic enhancement of Klotho expression increases resilience to ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshuah M Gagan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Khoa Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yu-An Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Taylor L Davidson
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Johanne V Pastor
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Orson W Moe
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Connie C W Hsia
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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14
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Ewendt F, Feger M, Föller M. Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) and αKlotho in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:601006. [PMID: 33520985 PMCID: PMC7841205 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.601006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 19 and 21, FGF23 is an endocrine member of the family of FGFs. Mainly secreted by bone cells, FGF23 acts as a hormone on the kidney, stimulating phosphate excretion and suppressing formation of 1,25(OH)2D3, active vitamin D. These effects are dependent on transmembrane protein αKlotho, which enhances the binding affinity of FGF23 for FGF receptors (FGFR). Locally produced FGF23 in other tissues including liver or heart exerts further paracrine effects without involvement of αKlotho. Soluble Klotho (sKL) is an endocrine factor that is cleaved off of transmembrane Klotho or generated by alternative splicing and regulates membrane channels, transporters, and intracellular signaling including insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and Wnt pathways, signaling cascades highly relevant for tumor progression. In mice, lack of FGF23 or αKlotho results in derangement of phosphate metabolism and a syndrome of rapid aging with abnormalities affecting most organs and a very short life span. Conversely, overexpression of anti-aging factor αKlotho results in a profound elongation of life span. Accumulating evidence suggests a major role of αKlotho as a tumor suppressor, at least in part by inhibiting IGF-1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Hence, in many malignancies, higher αKlotho expression or activity is associated with a more favorable outcome. Moreover, also FGF23 and phosphate have been revealed to be factors relevant in cancer. FGF23 is particularly significant for those forms of cancer primarily affecting bone (e.g., multiple myeloma) or characterized by bone metastasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the significance of FGF23 and αKlotho for tumor cell signaling, biology, and clinically relevant parameters in different forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Ewendt
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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15
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Xie T, Ye W, Liu J, Zhou L, Song Y. The Emerging Key Role of Klotho in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:322-331. [PMID: 32783104 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis is the most important system for regulating female reproductive endocrine function. Its dysfunction would lead to the abnormal secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, or luteinizing hormone, and eventually result in the occurrence of reproductive disease, such as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, polycystic ovary syndrome, and premature ovarian failure. Recently, an anti-aging gene, Klotho, has gained broad attention in female reproductive diseases. Reports have shown that Klotho is closely correlated to the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and plays a key role in the development and progression of reproductive diseases. With this issue, we generally review the physiological and pathological role of Klotho in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis. We also review the underlying mechanisms of Klotho in promoting and preventing female reproductive diseases, which involve the dysfunction of the fibroblast growth factor-Klotho endocrine system, the abnormal signaling regulation of Wnt-β-catenin and insulin-like growth factor-1, the accumulation of oxidative stress, and the inhibition of autophagy, eventually affecting the genesis, development, ovulation, or atresia of follicles. The present review would provide new insights and potential therapeutic target strategies for clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenting Ye
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., Guangzhou, 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yali Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave., Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Sachdeva A, Gouge J, Kontovounisios C, Nikolaou S, Ashworth A, Lim K, Chong I. Klotho and the Treatment of Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061665. [PMID: 32585905 PMCID: PMC7352559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho was first discovered as an anti-ageing protein linked to a number of age-related disease processes, including cardiovascular, renal, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative conditions. Emerging research has also demonstrated a potential therapeutic role for Klotho in cancer biology, which is perhaps unsurprising given that cancer and ageing share similar molecular hallmarks. In addition to functioning as a tumour suppressor in numerous solid tumours and haematological malignancies, Klotho represents a candidate therapeutic target for patients with these diseases, the majority of whom have limited treatment options. Here, we examine contemporary evidence evaluating the anti-neoplastic effects of Klotho and describe the modulation of downstream oncogenic signalling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, FGF, IGF1, PIK3K/AKT, TGFβ, and the Unfolded Protein Response. We also discuss possible approaches to developing therapeutic Klotho and consider technological advances that may facilitate the delivery of Klotho through gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishani Sachdeva
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW6 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (C.K.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK;
| | - Jerome Gouge
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London WC1E 7HX, UK;
| | - Christos Kontovounisios
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW6 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (C.K.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK;
| | - Stella Nikolaou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK;
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5181, USA;
| | - Irene Chong
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW6 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (C.K.)
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Correspondence:
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Zhang J, Cong R, Zhang Q, Zeng T, Song R, Meng X. Integrative analysis of ceRNA network and DNA methylation associated with gene expression in malignant pheochromocytomas: a study based on The Cancer Genome Atlas. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:344-354. [PMID: 32420140 PMCID: PMC7214974 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.01.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) have revealed a new mechanism of interaction between RNAs. Epigenetic regulation in the gene expression dynamics has become increasingly important in malignant pheochromocytomas (PCCs). We performed an integrative analysis of ceRNA networks and DNA methylation to identify key biomarkers and contribute to the understanding of the molecular biological mechanisms of malignant PCCs. Methods Differentially expressed genes in malignant PCCs and controls were identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas database by using the Limma package in R (v3.4.4). An abnormal lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed for malignant PCCs, and function enrichment analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. For DNA methylation datasets, the methylation analysis package was used in identifying differential methylation genes, and potential prognostic genes were identified by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results A total of 447 lncRNAs, 26 miRNAs, and 1,607 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in malignant PCCs as compared with those in normal samples. We then constructed an abnormal lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network for malignant PCCs. The network consisted of 12 lncRNAs, 6 miRNAs, and 220 mRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed mRNAs were particularly enriched in the biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. Furthermore, four differentially expressed mRNAs from ceRNAs were identified through the cross-analysis of gene expression and DNA methylation profiles. LncRNA C9orf147 and 6 out of 220 mRNAs were indicated as prognostic biomarkers for patients with malignant PCCs (P<0.05). Conclusions Our research increases the understanding of the pathogenesis of malignant PCCs and offers potential genes as underlying therapeutic targets or prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rong Cong
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tengyue Zeng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rijin Song
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xianghu Meng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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18
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Camara AB, Brandao IA. The Role of Vitamin D and Sunlight Incidence in Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1418-1436. [PMID: 30864510 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312123212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (VD) deficiency affects individuals of different ages in many countries. VD deficiency may be related to several diseases, including cancer. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to review the relationship between VD deficiency and cancer. METHODS We describe the proteins involved in cancer pathogenesis and how those proteins can be influenced by VD deficiency. We also investigated a relationship between cancer death rate and solar radiation. RESULTS We found an increased bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon-rectum cancer, lung cancer, oesophagus cancer, oral cancer, ovary cancer, pancreas cancer, skin cancer and stomach cancer death rate in countries with low sunlight. It was also observed that amyloid precursor protein, ryanodine receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, and receptor for advanced glycation end products are associated with a worse prognosis in cancer. While the Klotho protein and VD receptor are associated with a better prognosis in the disease. Nfr2 is associated with both worse and better prognosis in cancer. CONCLUSION The literature suggests that VD deficiency might be involved in cancer progression. According to sunlight data, we can conclude that countries with low average sunlight have high cancers death rate. New studies involving transcriptional and genomic data in combination with VD measurement in long-term experiments are required to establish new relationships between VD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Camara
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59064-741, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Igor A Brandao
- Metrópole Digital Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Natal/RN, Brazil
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19
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Li Y, Xiao HJ, Xue F. Overexpression of klotho suppresses growth and pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma in vivo. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190229. [PMID: 32614356 PMCID: PMC7263425 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho is originally discovered as an anti-aging gene and knock-out of klotho accelerates aging in mice. Subsequent studies support the anti-carcinogenesis role of klotho in a variety of human malignancies. The present study investigated the role of klotho on growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells. The osteosarcoma cells were transduced with lentivirus particles encoding klotho or scramble control. The reconstructed osteosarcoma cells were injected into the femoral medullary cavity of nude mice to establish a xenograft animal model. The anti-tumor properties of klotho were evaluated in terms of tumor growth, apoptosis, glycogen production, and pulmonary metastasis. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of klotho significantly decreased tumor volume and weight in osteosarcoma mice. Determination of PCNA and Ki67 expression revealed that overexpression of klotho inhibited cell proliferation in tumor tissues obtained from osteosarcoma xenografts. PAS staining also showed that overexpression of klotho significantly decreased the production of glycogen in osteosarcoma. Moreover, TUNEL positive cells were significantly increased after lentivirus-mediated overexpression of klotho. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated upregulation of klotho reduced the number of pulmonary metastatic lesions in mice compared to control mice. These findings demonstrated that elevated klotho could inhibit osteosarcoma cell growth and pulmonary metastasis in vivo, suggesting that klotho may be a valuable therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-jun Xiao
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai, China
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20
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Martín-González C, González-Reimers E, Quintero-Platt G, Martínez-Riera A, Santolaria-Fernández F. Soluble α-Klotho in Liver Cirrhosis and Alcoholism. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:204-208. [PMID: 30860544 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Alpha Klotho is a transmembrane protein that serves as co-receptor for FGF23. Ectodomain of membrane bound α Klotho may be shed by membrane bound proteases (activated, among other factors, by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) generating the soluble form of the protein (sKl) that functions as a hormone by itself. It modulates calcium influx into cells, blunts IGF-1/Insulin signaling, promotes synthesis of antioxidants, generally slows down tumor progression, delays cell senescence, is neuroprotective and promotes oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin synthesis, and muscle rejuvenation. It may be involved in inflammation and exerts antifibrogenic effects. Some of these pathways may become altered in alcoholism or liver cirrhosis, but data are scattered and scarce and an update is required. METHOD Literature survey. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption in non-alcoholics is inversely related to sKl, but alcoholic cirrhotics showed higher-than-normal sKl values in association with liver function derangement. In hepatoma cells, the intensity of Klotho staining was related to faster tumor progression and a shortened life span. Among severe alcoholic cirrhotics sKl is directly related to serum TNF-α levels, and, inversely, to brain atrophy. Given the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrogenic effects of Klotho, perhaps the increase in cirrhosis (and in other inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis or cancer) reflects an attempt to regulate increased inflammation, but clinical and experimental research is urgently needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martín-González
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - E González-Reimers
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - G Quintero-Platt
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Riera
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - F Santolaria-Fernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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21
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Pako J, Bikov A, Barta I, Matsueda H, Puskas R, Galffy G, Kerpel-Fronius A, Antus B, Horvath I. Assessment of the circulating klotho protein in lung cancer patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 26:233-238. [PMID: 29948618 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The anti-aging factor, klotho has been identified as a tumor suppressor in various human cancers, including lung cancer. In vitro studies provided evidence that klotho expression influences the characteristics of lung cancer cells, however, in vivo results are lacking. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether circulating klotho protein might serve as a potential biomarker of lung cancer. Blood samples were taken from 45 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients (31 NSCLC, 14 SCLC) and 43 control subjects. Plasma klotho concentration was measured using ELISA. No difference in plasma klotho values was detected between patients and control subjects (366.3 (257.9-486.8) vs. 383.5 (304.6-489.7) pg/ml respectively (median (IQR)); p > 0.05). Plasma klotho levels in patients with distant metastasis did not differ from less advanced stage disease (354.2 (306.9-433.3 vs. 328.5 (242.5-419.7) pg/ml, p > 0.05). In contrast, analyzed with one-way ANOVA, significant difference (p = 0.04) was found between the examined histological types of lung cancer: adenocarcinoma (353 (329.4-438.5) pg/ml), squamous cell carcinoma (308 (209.6-348.1) pg/ml) and small cell lung cancer (388.8 (289.9-495.4) pg/ml). However, Tukey's post hoc test did not reveal significant difference between any pairs of histological groups. There was no difference between any histological subtype and health either. Our results suggest that circulating klotho protein cannot be considered as a biomarker for lung cancer. Further studies are warranted in order to examine the relationship between klotho expression in lung tissue and circulating levels of the protein, and to explore its mechanism of action in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Pako
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Piheno ut 1, Budapest, 1121, Hungary.
| | - Andras Bikov
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Dios arok utca 1/c, Budapest, 1125, Hungary
| | - Imre Barta
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Piheno ut 1, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Hideyo Matsueda
- Saitama Medical University Medical Center, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rita Puskas
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Dios arok utca 1/c, Budapest, 1125, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Galffy
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Dios arok utca 1/c, Budapest, 1125, Hungary
| | - Anna Kerpel-Fronius
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Piheno ut 1, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Balazs Antus
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Piheno ut 1, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Horvath
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Piheno ut 1, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
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22
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Mao S, Wang X, Wu L, Zang D, Shi W. Association between klotho expression and malignancies risk and progression: A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:14-20. [PMID: 29775618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the association between tissue klotho protein expression and the risk and progression of malignancies. METHODS We searched the electronic databases for the studies regarding the relationship between tissue klotho protein expression and risk/progression of malignancies through January 2018. We calculated the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the impact of tissue klotho protein expression on malignancies. A fixed-effect model, or in the presence of heterogeneity, random- effect model was applied to calculate the combined ORs. RESULTS Eighteen studies were recruited in our pooled-analysis. Overall malignancies including liver cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), ovarian cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), neuroendocrine cancer, oral cancer and bladder cancer demonstrated significantly lower ORs than those in controls (p < 0.05). Malignancies with tissue klotho protein expression showed a pooled hazard ratio (95% CI 0.784-2.479). Malignancies with tissue klotho protein expression showed a similar OR (95% CI 0.732-1.335) of male/total to cases without tissue klotho protein expression. Malignancies with tissue klotho protein expression showed a markedly lower OR (95% CI 0.454-0.941) of metastasis compared with those without tissue klotho protein expression. Malignancies with tissue klotho protein expression showed a markedly higher OR (95% CI 1.041-1.800) of stage I-II/III-IVcompared with those without tissue klotho protein expression. Malignancies with tissue klotho protein expression showed a similar OR (95% CI 0.948-3.407) of differentiation to cases without tissue klotho protein expression. Sensitivity analysis did not change the overall results significantly. No marked publication bias was noted. CONCLUSIONS Tissue klotho protein expression was associated with a lower risk and progression of malignancies. Klotho may be a protective factor against malignancies risk/progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200023, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200023, PR China
| | - Liangxia Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200023, PR China
| | - Dou Zang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200023, PR China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200023, PR China.
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23
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Mencke R, Olauson H, Hillebrands JL. Effects of Klotho on fibrosis and cancer: A renal focus on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:85-100. [PMID: 28709936 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Klotho is a membrane-bound protein predominantly expressed in the kidney, where it acts as a permissive co-receptor for Fibroblast Growth Factor 23. In its shed form, Klotho exerts anti-fibrotic effects in several tissues. Klotho-deficient mice spontaneously develop fibrosis and Klotho deficiency exacerbates the disease progression in fibrotic animal models. Furthermore, Klotho overexpression or supplementation protects against fibrosis in various models of renal and cardiac fibrotic disease. These effects are mediated at least partially by the direct inhibitory effects of soluble Klotho on TGFβ1 signaling, Wnt signaling, and FGF2 signaling. Soluble Klotho, as present in the circulation, appears to be the primary mediator of anti-fibrotic effects. Similarly, through inhibition of the TGFβ1, Wnt, FGF2, and IGF1 signaling pathways, Klotho also inhibits tumorigenesis. The Klotho promoter gene is generally hypermethylated in cancer, and overexpression or supplementation of Klotho has been found to inhibit tumor growth in various animal models. This review focuses on the protective effects of soluble Klotho in inhibiting renal fibrosis and fibrosis in distant organs secondary to renal Klotho deficiency. We also discuss the structure-function relationships of Klotho domains and biological effects in the context of potential targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Mencke
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (Division of Pathology), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Olauson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (Division of Renal Medicine), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (Division of Pathology), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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24
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Mencke R, Harms G, Moser J, van Meurs M, Diepstra A, Leuvenink HG, Hillebrands JL. Human alternative Klotho mRNA is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay target inefficiently spliced in renal disease. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94375. [PMID: 29046474 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho is a renal protein involved in phosphate homeostasis, which is downregulated in renal disease. It has long been considered an antiaging factor. Two Klotho gene transcripts are thought to encode membrane-bound and secreted Klotho. Indeed, soluble Klotho is detectable in bodily fluids, but the relative contributions of Klotho secretion and of membrane-bound Klotho shedding are unknown. Recent advances in RNA surveillance reveal that premature termination codons, as present in alternative Klotho mRNA (for secreted Klotho), prime mRNAs for degradation by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Disruption of NMD led to accumulation of alternative Klotho mRNA, indicative of normally continuous degradation. RNA IP for NMD core factor UPF1 resulted in enrichment for alternative Klotho mRNA, which was also not associated with polysomes, indicating no active protein translation. Alternative Klotho mRNA transcripts colocalized with some P bodies, where NMD transcripts are degraded. Moreover, we could not detect secreted Klotho in vitro. These results suggest that soluble Klotho is likely cleaved membrane-bound Klotho only. Furthermore, we found that, especially in acute kidney injury, splicing of the 2 mRNA transcripts is dysregulated, which was recapitulated by various noxious stimuli in vitro. This likely constitutes a novel mechanism resulting in the downregulation of membrane-bound Klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Mencke
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (Division of Pathology), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.,The NIGRAM consortium detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments
| | - Geert Harms
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (Division of Pathology), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.,The NIGRAM consortium detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments
| | - Jill Moser
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (Division of Medical Biology), and
| | - Matijs van Meurs
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (Division of Medical Biology), and
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (Division of Pathology), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henri G Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery (Division of Experimental Surgery), University of Groningen, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (Division of Pathology), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands.,The NIGRAM consortium detailed in the Supplemental Acknowledgments
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