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Gáll T, Pethő D, Erdélyi K, Egri V, Balla JG, Nagy A, Nagy A, Póliska S, Gram M, Gábriel R, Nagy P, Balla J, Balla G. Heme: A link between hemorrhage and retinopathy of prematurity progression. Redox Biol 2024; 76:103316. [PMID: 39260060 PMCID: PMC11415884 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization is implicated in the pathology of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which are the leading causes of blindness worldwide. In our work, we analyzed how heme released during hemorrhage affects hypoxic response and neovascularization. Our retrospective clinical analysis demonstrated, that hemorrhage was associated with more severe retinal neovascularization in ROP patients. Our heme-stimulated human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cell studies demonstrated increased expression of positive regulators of angiogenesis, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA), a key player of ROP, DR and AMD, and highlighted the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/VEGFA pathway involved in angiogenesis in response to heme. Furthermore, heme decreased oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, augmented glycolysis, facilitated HIF-1α nuclear translocation, and increased VEGFA/GLUT1/PDK1 expression suggesting HIF-1α-driven hypoxic response in ARPE-19 cells without effecting the metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Inhibitors of HIF-1α, PI3K and suppression of mTOR pathway by clinically promising drug, rapamycin, mitigated heme-provoked cellular response. Our data proved that oxidatively modified forms of hemoglobin can be sources of heme to induce VEGFA during retinal hemorrhage. We propose that hemorrhage is involved in the pathology of ROP, DR, and AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gáll
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Dávid Pethő
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary; HUN-REN-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardium Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary; Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Erdélyi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest H-1122, Hungary
| | - Virág Egri
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Jázon György Balla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Annamária Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary; HUN-REN-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardium Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Annamária Nagy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Magnus Gram
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Neonatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Róbert Gábriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest H-1122, Hungary; Chemistry Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary; Department of Anatomy and Histology, HUN-REN-UVMB Laboratory of Redox Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine; Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary; HUN-REN-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardium Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
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Sun X, Xia R, Wang Y, Wang F, Liu Z, Xue G, Zhang G. Neuromedin S regulates goat ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis via endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-YAP1-ATF4-c-Jun pathway. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31368. [PMID: 38982727 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Neuromedin S (NMS) plays key roles in reproductive regulation, while its function and mechanism in follicular development remain unclear. The current study aims to investigate the specific role and mechanisms of NMS and its receptors in regulating the proliferation and steroidogenesis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). Phenotypically, a certain concentration of NMS addition promoted the proliferation and estrogen production of goat GCs, accompanied by an increase in the G1/S cell population and upregulation of the expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin dependent kinase 6, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, while the effects of NMS treatment were effectively hindered by knockdown of neuromedin U receptor type 2 (NMUR2). Mechanistically, activation of NMUR2 with NMS maintained endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis by triggering the PLCG1-IP3R pathway, which helped preserve ER morphology, sustained an appropriate level of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRer), and suppressed the nuclear translocation of activating transcription factor 4. Moreover, NMS maintained intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis to activate the calmodulin 1-large tumor suppressor kinase 1 pathway, ultimately orchestrating the regulation of goat GC proliferation and estrogen production through the Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator-ATF4-c-Jun pathway. Crucially, the effects of NMS were mitigated by concurrent knockdown of the NMUR2 gene. Collectively, these data suggest that activation of NMUR2 by NMS enhances cell proliferation and estrogen production in goat GCs through modulating the ER and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, leading to activation of the YAP1-ATF4-c-Jun pathway. These findings offer valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms involved in follicular growth and development, providing a novel perspective for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongxin Xia
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Xue
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Haimen District, Nantong City, China
| | - Guomin Zhang
- Jiangsu Livestock Embryo Engineering Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang N, Nao J, Zhang S, Dong X. Novel insights into the activating transcription factor 4 in Alzheimer's disease and associated aging-related diseases: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024; 74:101144. [PMID: 38797197 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is inherent to all human beings, most mechanistic explanations of ageing results from the combined effects of various physiological and pathological processes. Additionally, aging pivotally contributes to several chronic diseases. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a member of the ATF/cAMP response element-binding protein family, has recently emerged as a pivotal player owing to its indispensable role in the pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer's disease and aging-related diseases. Moreover, ATF4 is integral to numerous biological processes. Therefore, this article aims to comprehensively review relevant research on the role of ATF4 in the onset and progression of aging-related diseases, elucidating its potential mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Our objective is to furnish scientific evidence for the early identification of risk factors in aging-related diseases and pave the way for new research directions for their treatment. By elucidating the signaling pathway network of ATF4 in aging-related diseases, we aspire to gain a profound understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms, offering novel strategies for addressing aging and developing related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Seventh Clinical College of China Medical University, No. 24 Central Street, Xinfu District, Fushun 113000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
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Lu HJ, Koju N, Sheng R. Mammalian integrated stress responses in stressed organelles and their functions. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1095-1114. [PMID: 38267546 PMCID: PMC11130345 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) triggered in response to various cellular stress enables mammalian cells to effectively cope with diverse stressful conditions while maintaining their normal functions. Four kinases (PERK, PKR, GCN2, and HRI) of ISR regulate ISR signaling and intracellular protein translation via mediating the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α) at Ser51. Early ISR creates an opportunity for cells to repair themselves and restore homeostasis. This effect, however, is reversed in the late stages of ISR. Currently, some studies have shown the non-negligible impact of ISR on diseases such as ischemic diseases, cognitive impairment, metabolic syndrome, cancer, vanishing white matter, etc. Hence, artificial regulation of ISR and its signaling with ISR modulators becomes a promising therapeutic strategy for relieving disease symptoms and improving clinical outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the essential mechanisms of ISR and describe the ISR-related pathways in organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Meanwhile, the regulatory effects of ISR modulators and their potential application in various diseases are also enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Nirmala Koju
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Zhang SX, Wang JJ, Starr CR, Lee EJ, Park KS, Zhylkibayev A, Medina A, Lin JH, Gorbatyuk M. The endoplasmic reticulum: Homeostasis and crosstalk in retinal health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 98:101231. [PMID: 38092262 PMCID: PMC11056313 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle carrying out a broad range of important cellular functions including protein biosynthesis, folding, and trafficking, lipid and sterol biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and calcium storage and gated release. In addition, the ER makes close contact with multiple intracellular organelles such as mitochondria and the plasma membrane to actively regulate the biogenesis, remodeling, and function of these organelles. Therefore, maintaining a homeostatic and functional ER is critical for the survival and function of cells. This vital process is implemented through well-orchestrated signaling pathways of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is activated when misfolded or unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, a condition known as ER stress, and functions to restore ER homeostasis thus promoting cell survival. However, prolonged activation or dysregulation of the UPR can lead to cell death and other detrimental events such as inflammation and oxidative stress; these processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including retinal disorders. In this review manuscript, we discuss the unique features of the ER and ER stress signaling in the retina and retinal neurons and describe recent advances in the research to uncover the role of ER stress signaling in neurodegenerative retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration, inherited retinal degeneration, achromatopsia and cone diseases, and diabetic retinopathy. In some chapters, we highlight the complex interactions between the ER and other intracellular organelles focusing on mitochondria and illustrate how ER stress signaling regulates common cellular stress pathways such as autophagy. We also touch upon the integrated stress response in retinal degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Finally, we provide an update on the current development of pharmacological agents targeting the UPR response and discuss some unresolved questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Josh J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Christopher R Starr
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karen Sophia Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Assylbek Zhylkibayev
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andy Medina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Shi S, Ding C, Zhu S, Xia F, Buscho SE, Li S, Motamedi M, Liu H, Zhang W. PERK Inhibition Suppresses Neovascularization and Protects Neurons During Ischemia-Induced Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:17. [PMID: 37566408 PMCID: PMC10424802 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal ischemia is a common cause of a variety of eye diseases, such as retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and vein occlusion. Protein kinase RNA-activated-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK), one of the main ER stress sensor proteins, has been involved in many diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of PERK in ischemia-induced retinopathy using a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods OIR was induced by subjecting neonatal pups to 70% oxygen at postnatal day 7 (P7) followed by returning to room air at P12. GSK2606414, a selective PERK inhibitor, was orally administrated to pups right after they were returned to room air once daily until 1 day before sample collection. Western blot, immunostaining, and quantitative PCR were used to assess PERK phosphorylation, retinal changes, and signaling pathways in relation to PERK inhibition. Results PERK phosphorylation was prominently increased in OIR retinas, which was inhibited by GSK2606414. Concomitantly, PERK inhibition significantly reduced retinal neovascularization (NV) and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, restored astrocyte network, and promoted revascularization. Furthermore, PERK inhibition downregulated the recruitment/proliferation of mononuclear phagocytes but did not affect OIR-upregulated canonical angiogenic pathways. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that PERK is involved in ischemia-induced retinopathy and its inhibition using GSK2606414 could offer an effective therapeutic intervention aimed at alleviating retinal NV while preventing neuron loss during retinal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuizhen Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Chun Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Seth E. Buscho
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Shengguo Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Massoud Motamedi
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
- Departments of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States
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Dhir N, Jain A, Sharma AR, Prakash A, Radotra BD, Medhi B. PERK inhibitor, GSK2606414, ameliorates neuropathological damage, memory and motor functional impairments in cerebral ischemia via PERK/p-eIF2ɑ/ATF4/CHOP signaling. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1177-1192. [PMID: 36847967 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2ɑ (PERK/eIF2α), the branch of unfolded protein response (UPR), is responsible for transient arrest in translation to counter the enhanced levels of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) following any acute condition. In neurological disorders, overactivation of PERK-P/eIF2-P signaling, leads to a prolonged decline in global protein synthesis resulting in synaptic failure and neuronal death. Our study has shown, PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway gets activated following cerebral ischemia in rats. We have further demonstrated, PERK inhibitor, GSK2606414 ameliorates ischemia induced neuronal damage by preventing additional neuronal loss, minimizing brain infarct, reducing brain edema, and preventing neurological symptoms from appearing. GSK2606414 was found to improve the neurobehavioral deficits and reduce the pyknotic neurons in ischemic rats. Also, it decreased glial activation and apoptotic protein mRNA expression while enhanced the synaptic protein mRNA expression in rat brain following cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PERK/ATF4/CHOP activation play a vital role in cerebral ischemia. Thus, PERK inhibitor, GSK2606414 might be a potential neuroprotective agent in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dhir
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Raj Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Bishan Das Radotra
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
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Jiang Z, Sun H, Miao J, Sheng Q, Xu J, Gao Z, Zhang X, Song Y, Chen K. The natural flavone acacetin protects against high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation in the liver via the endoplasmic reticulum stress/ferroptosis pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 640:183-191. [PMID: 36516527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. To date, no medication has been approved to treat NAFLD. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of the natural flavone acacetin on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in mice and the underlying mechanisms. We found that acacetin (10, 20, 50 mg/kg/day) suppressed the increase in body weight, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels in mice fed with HFD with a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic lipid accumulation, iron overload, and lipid peroxidation were significantly alleviated by acacetin. Quantitative PCR and western blotting revealed that acacetin inhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ferroptosis, and expressions of lipid acid synthesis-related genes in the livers of HFD mice. Similar results were observed in HepG2 cells treated with oleic acid and lipopolysaccharide. The suppressive effects of acacetin on triglycerides and expression of lipid acid synthesis genes were abolished by ER stress and the ferroptosis activators, erastin or TU. Interestingly, the action of TU was more potent than that of erastin. Treatment with the ER stress inhibitor GSK and the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 revealed that ER stress was the upstream signal of ferroptosis for hepatic lipid accumulation. These findings suggest the protective effect of acacetin against lipid accumulation via suppressing ER stress and ferroptosis and provide evidence that ER stress is an upstream signal of ferroptosis in lipid accumulation. Acacetin may be a promising candidate agent for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaen Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiyu Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, 42 Yangshan Rd, Ningbo, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufei Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Kuihao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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Proulx J, Stacy S, Park IW, Borgmann K. A Non-Canonical Role for IRE1α Links ER and Mitochondria as Key Regulators of Astrocyte Dysfunction: Implications in Methamphetamine use and HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:906651. [PMID: 35784841 PMCID: PMC9247407 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.906651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are one of the most numerous glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and provide essential support to neurons to ensure CNS health and function. During a neuropathological challenge, such as during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection or (METH)amphetamine exposure, astrocytes shift their neuroprotective functions and can become neurotoxic. Identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying astrocyte dysfunction are of heightened importance to optimize the coupling between astrocytes and neurons and ensure neuronal fitness against CNS pathology, including HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and METH use disorder. Mitochondria are essential organelles for regulating metabolic, antioxidant, and inflammatory profiles. Moreover, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated signaling pathways, such as calcium and the unfolded protein response (UPR), are important messengers for cellular fate and function, including inflammation and mitochondrial homeostasis. Increasing evidence supports that the three arms of the UPR are involved in the direct contact and communication between ER and mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). The current study investigated the effects of HIV-1 infection and chronic METH exposure on astrocyte ER and mitochondrial homeostasis and then examined the three UPR messengers as potential regulators of astrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction. Using primary human astrocytes infected with pseudotyped HIV-1 or exposed to low doses of METH for 7 days, astrocytes had increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), cytosolic calcium flux and protein expression of UPR mediators. Notably, inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α) was most prominently upregulated following both HIV-1 infection and chronic METH exposure. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of the three UPR arms highlighted IRE1α as a key regulator of astrocyte metabolic function. To further explore the regulatory role of astrocyte IRE1α, astrocytes were transfected with an IRE1α overexpression vector followed by activation with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β. Overall, our findings confirm IRE1α modulates astrocyte mitochondrial respiration, glycolytic function, morphological activation, inflammation, and glutamate uptake, highlighting a novel potential target for regulating astrocyte dysfunction. Finally, these findings suggest both canonical and non-canonical UPR mechanisms of astrocyte IRE1α. Thus, additional studies are needed to determine how to best balance astrocyte IRE1α functions to both promote astrocyte neuroprotective properties while preventing neurotoxic properties during CNS pathologies.
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Sasa K, Saito T, Kurihara T, Hasegawa N, Sano K, Kubota D, Akaike K, Okubo T, Hayashi T, Takagi T, Yao T, Ishijima M, Suehara Y. IRE1α-XBP1 but not PERK inhibition exerts anti-tumor activity in osteosarcoma. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:57. [PMID: 35201455 PMCID: PMC8777567 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. However, the therapeutic results of the advanced cases at the first visit were still extremely poor. Therefore, more effective therapeutic options based on molecular profiling of OS are needed. In this study, we investigated the functions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activities in OS and elucidated whether ER stress inhibitors could exert antitumor effects. The expression of 84 key genes associated with unfolded protein response (UPR) was assessed in four OS cells (143B, MG63, U2OS and KHOS) by RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays. Based on results, we performed both siRNA and inhibitor assays focusing on IRE1α-XBP1 and PERK pathways. All OS cell lines showed resistance to PERK inhibitors. Furthermore, ATF4 and EIF2A inhibition by siRNA did not affect the survival of OS cell lines. On the other hand, IRE1α-XBP1 inhibition by toyocamycin suppressed OS cell growth (IC50: < 0.075 μM) and cell viability was suppressed in all OS cell lines by silencing XBP1 expression. The expression of XBP1s and XBP1u in OS cell lines and OS surgical samples were confirmed using qPCR. In MG63 and U2OS, toyocamycin decreased the expression level of XBP1s induced by tunicamycin. On the other hand, in 143B and KHOS, stimulation by toyocamycin did not clearly change the expression level of XBP1s induced by tunicamycin. However, morphological apoptotic changes and caspase activation were observed in these two cell lines. Inhibition of the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway is expected to be a promising new target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Sasa
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Taisei Kurihara
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hasegawa
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sano
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kubota
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Akaike
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Okubo
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Suehara
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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11
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Exacerbation of AMD Phenotype in Lasered CNV Murine Model by Dysbiotic Oral Pathogens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020309. [PMID: 33670526 PMCID: PMC7922506 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence underscores an association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and periodontal disease (PD), yet the biological basis of this linkage and the specific role of oral dysbiosis caused by PD in AMD pathophysiology remains unclear. Furthermore, a simple reproducible model that emulates characteristics of both AMD and PD has been lacking. Hence, we established a novel AMD+PD murine model to decipher the potential role of oral infection (ligature-enhanced) with the keystone periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the progression of neovasculogenesis in a laser-induced choroidal-neovascularization (Li-CNV) mouse retina. By a combination of fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography, we documented inflammatory drusen-like lesions, reduced retinal thickness, and increased vascular leakage in AMD+PD mice retinae. H&E further confirmed a significant reduction of retinal thickness and subretinal drusen-like deposits. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed significant induction of choroidal/retinal vasculogenesis in AMD+PD mice. qPCR identified increased expression of oxidative-stress, angiogenesis, pro-inflammatory mediators, whereas antioxidants and anti-inflammatory genes in AMD+PD mice retinae were notably decreased. Through qPCR, we detected Pg and its fimbrial 16s-RrNA gene expression in the AMD+PD mice retinae. To sum-up, this is the first in vivo study signifying a role of periodontal infection in augmentation of AMD phenotype, with the aid of a pioneering AMD+PD murine model established in our laboratory.
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12
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Shimizu T, Higashijima Y, Kanki Y, Nakaki R, Kawamura T, Urade Y, Wada Y. PERK inhibition attenuates vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension caused by BMPR2 mutation. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/667/eabb3616. [PMID: 33500333 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling. However, despite advances in therapeutic strategies, patients with PAH bearing mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2)-encoding gene present severe phenotypes and outcomes. We sought to investigate the effect of PER-like kinase (PERK), which participates in one of three major pathways associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR), on PAH pathophysiology in BMPR2 heterozygous mice. BMPR2 heterozygosity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) decreased the abundance of the antiapoptotic microRNA miR124-3p through the arm of the UPR mediated by PERK. Hypoxia promoted the accumulation of unfolded proteins in BMPR2 heterozygous PASMCs, resulting in increased PERK signaling, cell viability, cellular proliferation, and glycolysis. Proteomic analyses revealed that PERK ablation suppressed PDGFRβ-STAT1 signaling and glycolysis in hypoxic BMPR2 heterozygous PASMCs. Furthermore, PERK ablation or PERK inhibition ameliorated pulmonary vascular remodeling in the Sugen/chronic hypoxia model of PAH, irrespective of BMPR2 status. Hence, these findings suggest that PERK inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with PAH with or without BMPR2 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimizu
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Higashijima
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.,Department of Bioinformational Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.,Laboratory of Laboratory/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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13
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Chu HS, Peterson C, Jun A, Foster J. Targeting the integrated stress response in ophthalmology. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1075-1088. [PMID: 33474991 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1867748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To summarize the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) in the context of ophthalmology, with special interest on the cornea and anterior segment. Results: The ISR is a powerful and conserved signaling pathway that allows for cells to respond to a diverse array of both intracellular and extracellular stressors. The pathway is classically responsible for coordination of the cellular response to amino acid starvation, ultraviolet light, heme dysregulation, viral infection, and unfolded protein. Under normal circumstances, it is considered pro-survival and a necessary mechanism through which protein translation is controlled. However, in cases of severe or prolonged stress the pathway can promote apoptosis, and loss of normal cellular phenotype. The activation of this pathway culminates in the global inhibition of cap-dependent protein translation and the canonical expression of the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Conclusion:The eye is uniquely exposed to ISR responsive stressors due to its environmental exposure and relative isolation from the circulatory system which are necessary for its function. We will discuss how this pathway is critical for the proper function of the tissue, its role in development, as well as how targeting of the pathway could alleviate key aspects of diverse ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Sang Chu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cornelia Peterson
- Department of Molecular & Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Albert Jun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Foster
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Ma RH, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Zhang F, Zhang YY, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Natural Compounds Play Therapeutic Roles in Various Human Pathologies via Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Pathway. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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15
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G604S-HERG mutation in LQT2 leads to autophagy via the UPR-related pathway. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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16
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Sicari D, Igbaria A, Chevet E. Control of Protein Homeostasis in the Early Secretory Pathway: Current Status and Challenges. Cells 2019; 8:E1347. [PMID: 31671908 PMCID: PMC6912474 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
: Discrimination between properly folded proteins and those that do not reach this state is necessary for cells to achieve functionality. Eukaryotic cells have evolved several mechanisms to ensure secretory protein quality control, which allows efficiency and fidelity in protein production. Among the actors involved in such process, both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex play prominent roles in protein synthesis, biogenesis and secretion. ER and Golgi functions ensure that only properly folded proteins are allowed to flow through the secretory pathway while improperly folded proteins have to be eliminated to not impinge on cellular functions. Thus, complex quality control and degradation machineries are crucial to prevent the toxic accumulation of improperly folded proteins. However, in some instances, improperly folded proteins can escape the quality control systems thereby contributing to several human diseases. Herein, we summarize how the early secretory pathways copes with the accumulation of improperly folded proteins, and how insufficient handling can cause the development of several human diseases. Finally, we detail the genetic and pharmacologic approaches that could be used as potential therapeutic tools to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Sicari
- Proteostasis & Cancer Team INSERM U1242 « Chemistry, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling », Université de Rennes, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Aeid Igbaria
- Proteostasis & Cancer Team INSERM U1242 « Chemistry, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling », Université de Rennes, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Eric Chevet
- Proteostasis & Cancer Team INSERM U1242 « Chemistry, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling », Université de Rennes, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
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17
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The PERK Pathway Plays a Neuroprotective Role During the Early Phase of Secondary Brain Injury Induced by Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2019; 127:105-119. [PMID: 31407071 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04615-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway, which is a branch of the unfolded protein response, participates in a range of pathophysiological processes of neurological diseases. However, few studies have investigated the role of the PERK in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present study evaluated the role of the PERK pathway during the early phase of ICH-induced secondary brain injury (SBI) and its potential mechanisms. An autologous whole blood ICH model was established in rats, and cultured primary cortical neurons were treated with oxyhemoglobin to mimic ICH in vitro. We found that levels of phosphorylated alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (p-eIF2α) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) increased significantly and peaked at 12 h during the early phase of the ICH. To further elucidate the role of the PERK pathway, we assessed the effects of the PERK inhibitor, GSK2606414, and the eIF2α dephosphorylation antagonist, salubrinal, at 12 h after ICH both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of PERK with GSK2606414 suppressed the protein levels of p-eIF2α and ATF4, resulting in increase of transcriptional activator CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12, which promoted apoptosis and reduced neuronal survival. Treatment with salubrinal yielded opposite results, which suggested that activation of the PERK pathway could promote neuronal survival and reduce apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of the PERK pathway during the early phase of ICH-induced SBI. These findings highlight the potential value of PERK pathway as a therapeutic target for ICH.
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18
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Zheng Z, Shang Y, Tao J, Zhang J, Sha B. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling Pathways: Activation and Diseases. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:935-943. [PMID: 31223084 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190621103145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Secretory and membrane proteins are folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) prior to their exit. When ER function is disturbed by exogenous and endogenous factors, such as heat shock, ultraviolet radiation, hypoxia, or hypoglycemia, the misfolded proteins may accumulate, promoting ER stress. To rescue this unfavorable situation, the unfolded protein response is activated to reduce misfolded proteins within the ER. Upon ER stress, the ER transmembrane sensor molecules inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6, are activated. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of PERK and IRE1 activation and describe two working models for ER stress initiation: the BiP-dependent model and the ligand-driven model. ER stress activation has been linked to multiple diseases, including cancers, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. Thus, the regulation of ER stress may provide potential therapeutic targets for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.,Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuxi Shang
- Department of Hematology, Fuxing Hospital, Eighth Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jiahui Tao
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bingdong Sha
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology (CDIB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
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19
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Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Roshanravan B. Impact of chrysin on the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic complications. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17144-17158. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences Neyshabur Iran
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences Neyshabur Iran
| | - Babak Roshanravan
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences Birjand Iran
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20
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Meng C, Zhang J, Dang B, Li H, Shen H, Li X, Wang Z. PERK Pathway Activation Promotes Intracerebral Hemorrhage Induced Secondary Brain Injury by Inducing Neuronal Apoptosis Both in Vivo and in Vitro. Front Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29541018 PMCID: PMC5835756 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling pathway was reported to exert an important role in neuronal apoptosis. The present study was designed to investigate the roles of the PERK signaling pathway in the secondary brain injury (SBI) induced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its potential mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish ICH models by injecting autologous blood (100 μl), and cultured primary rat cortical neurons were exposed to oxyhemoglobin (10 μM) to mimic ICH in vitro. The PERK antagonist, GSK2606414, and inhibitor of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α (eIF2α) dephosphorylation, salubrinal, were used to study the roles of PERK signaling pathway in ICH-induced SBI. Our results showed that the protein levels of p-eIF2α and ATF4 were upregulated following ICH, peaking at 48 h. Application of GSK2606414 reversed this increase in vivo and in vitro, thereby preventing ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis. On the contrary, salubrinal inhibited the dephosphorylation of eIF2α, resulting in the elevation of p-eIF2α, which could activate downstream of PERK signaling and induce neuronal apoptosis and necrosis following ICH in vitro and in vivo. Thus, PERK signaling pathway plays an important role in ICH-induced apoptosis and blocking its activation has neuroprotective effects that alleviates SBI, suggesting that targeting this pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy for improving patient outcome after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng First Peoples' Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Juyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baoqi Dang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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21
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Terai H, Kitajima S, Potter DS, Matsui Y, Quiceno LG, Chen T, Kim TJ, Rusan M, Thai TC, Piccioni F, Donovan KA, Kwiatkowski N, Hinohara K, Wei G, Gray NS, Fischer ES, Wong KK, Shimamura T, Letai A, Hammerman PS, Barbie DA. ER Stress Signaling Promotes the Survival of Cancer "Persister Cells" Tolerant to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2018; 78:1044-1057. [PMID: 29259014 PMCID: PMC5815936 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An increasingly recognized component of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) involves persistence of a drug-tolerant subpopulation of cancer cells that survive despite effective eradication of the majority of the cell population. Multiple groups have demonstrated that these drug-tolerant persister cells undergo transcriptional adaptation via an epigenetic state change that promotes cell survival. Because this mode of TKI drug tolerance appears to involve transcriptional addiction to specific genes and pathways, we hypothesized that systematic functional screening of EGFR TKI/transcriptional inhibitor combination therapy would yield important mechanistic insights and alternative drug escape pathways. We therefore performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 enhancer/suppressor screen in EGFR-dependent lung cancer PC9 cells treated with erlotinib + THZ1 (CDK7/12 inhibitor) combination therapy, a combination previously shown to suppress drug-tolerant cells in this setting. As expected, suppression of multiple genes associated with transcriptional complexes (EP300, CREBBP, and MED1) enhanced erlotinib/THZ1 synergy. Unexpectedly, we uncovered nearly every component of the recently described ufmylation pathway in the synergy suppressor group. Loss of ufmylation did not affect canonical downstream EGFR signaling. Instead, absence of this pathway triggered a protective unfolded protein response associated with STING upregulation, promoting protumorigenic inflammatory signaling but also unique dependence on Bcl-xL. These data reveal that dysregulation of ufmylation and ER stress comprise a previously unrecognized TKI drug tolerance pathway that engages survival signaling, with potentially important therapeutic implications.Significance: These findings reveal a novel function of the recently described ufmylation pathway, an ER stress survival signaling in drug-tolerant persister cells, which has important biological and therapeutic implications. Cancer Res; 78(4); 1044-57. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Danielle S Potter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yusuke Matsui
- Department of Systems Biology Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Ting Chen
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Tae-Jung Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Rusan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tran C Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Federica Piccioni
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas Kwiatkowski
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kunihiko Hinohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guo Wei
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute or MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Department of Systems Biology Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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22
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Hu Y, Lu X, Xu Y, Lu L, Yu S, Cheng Q, Yang B, Tsui CK, Ye D, Huang J, Liang X. Salubrinal attenuated retinal neovascularization by inhibiting CHOP-HIF1α-VEGF pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77219-77232. [PMID: 29100382 PMCID: PMC5652775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (RNV) related disease is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. The aim of this study is to identify whether salubrinal could attenuate RNV by inhibiting CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP)- hypoxia inducible factors 1α (HIF1α) -vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways in both mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells (mRMECs) and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model. After being treated with salubrinal (20μmol/L) or CHOP-siRNA, mRMECs were exposed to a hypoxia environment. OIR mice were intraperitoneally injected with salubrinal (0.5 mg/kg/day) from P12 to P17. With salubrinal or CHOP-siRNA treatment, the elevated CHOP protein and mRNA levels in hypoxia-induced mRMECs were significantly decreased. HIF1α-VEGF pathways were activated under hypoxia condition, then HIF1α protein was degraded and VEGF secretion was down-regulated after salubrinal or CHOP-siRNA treatment. In OIR mice, the areas of RNV were markedly decreased with salubrinal treatment. Moreover, elevated expressions of CHOP, HIF1α and VEGF in retinas of OIR mice were all reduced after salubrinal treatment. It suggested that salubrinal attenuated RNV in mRMECs and OIR mice by inhibiting CHOP-HIF1α-VEGF pathways and could be a potential therapeutic target for hypoxia-induced retinal microangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiaochu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Boyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ching-Kit Tsui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
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