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Radheshyam, Gauniya P, Semalty M, Semalty A. Antiobesity Drug Discovery Research: In vitro Models for Shortening the Drug Discovery Pipeline. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:388-403. [PMID: 38500275 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501289136240312060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global health problem, leading to various chronic diseases. Despite standard treatment options, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, emphasizing the need for new drugs. in vitro methods of drug discovery research provide a time and cost-saving platform to identify new antiobesity drugs. The review covers various aspects of obesity and drug discovery research using in vitro models. Besides discussing causes, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, the review focuses on the advantages and limitations of in vitro studies and exhaustively covers models based on enzymes and cell lines from different animal species and humans. In contrast to conventional in vivo animal investigations, in vitro preclinical tests using enzyme- and cell line-based assays provide several advantages in development of antiobesity drugs. These methods are quick, affordable, and provide high-throughput screening. They can also yield insightful information about drug-target interactions, modes of action, and toxicity profiles. By shedding light on the factors that lead to obesity, in vitro tests can also present a chance for personalized therapy. Technology will continue to evolve, leading to the creation of more precise and trustworthy in vitro assays, which will become more and more crucial in the search for novel antiobesity medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priyanka Gauniya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mona Semalty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajay Semalty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University) Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, India
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Vliora M, Ravelli C, Grillo E, Corsini M, Flouris AD, Mitola S. The impact of adipokines on vascular networks in adipose tissue. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:61-72. [PMID: 35953434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly active and plastic endocrine organ. It secretes numerous soluble molecules known as adipokines, which act locally to AT control the remodel and homeostasis or exert pleiotropic functions in different peripheral organs. Aberrant production or loss of certain adipokines contributes to AT dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity. The AT plasticity is strictly related to tissue vascularization. Angiogenesis supports the AT expansion, while regression of blood vessels is associated with AT hypoxia, which in turn mediates tissue inflammation, fibrosis and metabolic dysfunction. Several adipokines can regulate endothelial cell functions and are endowed with either pro- or anti-angiogenic properties. Here we address the role of adipokines in the regulation of angiogenesis. A better understanding of the link between adipokines and angiogenesis will open the way for novel therapeutic approaches to treat obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vliora
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy.
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C/EBPβ expression decreases in cervical cancer and leads to tumorigenesis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:79. [PMID: 36694148 PMCID: PMC9872280 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is currently estimated to be the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in some of the world's poorest countries. C/EBPβ has tumor suppressor effects because it is necessary for oncogene-induced senescence. However, C/EBPβ also has an oncogenic role. The specific role of C/EBPβ in cervical cancer as a tumor suppressor or oncoprotein is unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the role of the C/EBPβ protein in cervical tumorigenesis and progression. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyze C/EBPβ (15 cervical cancer tissue samples and 15 corresponding normal cervical tissue samples), miR-661, and MTA1 mRNA expression in clinical samples (10 cervical cancer tissue samples and 10 corresponding normal cervical tissue samples). Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze C/EBPβ (381 clinical samples), Ki67 (80 clinical samples) and PCNA ( 60 clinical samples) protein expression. MALDI-TOF MassARRAY was used to analyze C/EBPβ gene methylation (13 cervical cancer tissues and 13 corresponding normal cervical tissues). Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 in cervical cancer cell lines. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect C/EBPβ protein expression levels, and mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Flow cytometry was performed to measure cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. Colony formation, Transwell, cell invasion, and wound healing assays were performed to detect cell migration and invasion. RESULTS C/EBPβ protein expression was significantly reduced in cervical cancer tissues compared with cervicitis tissues (P < 0.01). Ki67 protein and PCNA protein expression levels were significantly higher in cervical cancer tissues compared with cervicitis tissues. The rate of C/EBPβ gene promoter methylation of CpG12, 13, 14 and CpG19 in cervical cancer tissues was significantly increased compared with normal cervical tissue (P < 0.05). In addition, C/EBPβ was overexpressed in cervical cancer cells and this overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, arrested cells in S phase, and promoted apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that C/EBPβ decreased in cervical cancer tissues and overexpression of the C/EBPβ gene in cervical cancer cells could inhibit proliferation, invasion and migration.
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Samaha MM, Helal MG, El-Sherbiny M, Said E, Salem HA. Diacerein versus adipoRon as adiponectin modulators in experimentally-induced end-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 90:103806. [PMID: 34974166 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to evaluate and compare the possible anti-diabetic effects of adipoRon and diacerein in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. T2DM is marked by impaired oxidative, inflammatory and metabolic signaling. Indeed, T2DM progression is associated with elevated HbA1C%, low adiponectin and insulin concentration. Moreover, in this study epididymal adipose tissue and soleus muscle MDA contents significantly escalated, while serum TAC and epididymal adipose Nrf2 significantly declined. Nevertheless, serum TNF-α, epididymal NLRP3, NF-κB, PPARγ and CD68 expression rose significantly with a parallel significant reduction in serum IL-10 and soleus muscle expression of IRS1. Both adipoRon and diacerein significantly improved adiponectin and insulin secretion with augmentation of anti-oxidant defenses and diminution of oxidative burden, with obvious anti-inflammatory consequences (p < 0.05). Thus, adipoRon and diacerein positively modulated adiponectin expression with down-regulation of NF-κB/NLRP3/PPARγ expression with subsequent improvement in glycemic control, inflammatory and oxidative signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Samaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar G Helal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh, 11597, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, 7723730 New Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Hatem A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Sharma A, Mah M, Ritchie RH, De Blasio MJ. The adiponectin signalling pathway - A therapeutic target for the cardiac complications of type 2 diabetes? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108008. [PMID: 34610378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF). This is commonly termed diabetic cardiomyopathy and is often characterised by increased cardiac fibrosis, pathological hypertrophy, increased oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as diastolic dysfunction. Adiponectin is a cardioprotective adipokine that is downregulated in settings of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Furthermore, both adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and R2) are also downregulated in these settings which further results in impaired cardiac adiponectin signalling and reduced cardioprotection. In many cardiac pathologies, adiponectin signalling has been shown to protect against cardiac remodelling and lipotoxicity, however its cardioprotective actions in T2D-induced cardiomyopathy remain unresolved. Diabetic cardiomyopathy has historically lacked effective treatment options. In this review, we summarise the current evidence for links between the suppressed adiponectin signalling pathway and cardiac dysfunction, in diabetes. We describe adiponectin receptor-mediated signalling pathways that are normally associated with cardioprotection, as well as current and potential future therapeutic approaches that could target this pathway as possible interventions for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipree Sharma
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Mah
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Bhat IA, Kabeer SW, Reza MI, Mir RH, Dar MO. AdipoRon: A Novel Insulin Sensitizer in Various Complications and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Review. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:94-107. [PMID: 31642417 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666191022102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AdipoRon is the first synthetic analog of endogenous adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone. AdipoRon possesses pharmacological properties similar to adiponectin and its ability to bind and activate the adipoR1 and adipoR2 receptors makes it a suitable candidate for the treatment of a multitude of disorders. OBJECTIVE In the present review, an attempt was made to compile and discuss the efficacy of adipoRon against various disorders. RESULTS AdipoRon is a drug that acts not only in metabolic diseases but in other conditions unrelated to energy metabolism. It is well- reported that adipoRon exhibits strong anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anticancer, anti-depressant, anti-ischemic, anti-hypertrophic properties and also improves conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and systemic sclerosis. CONCLUSION A lot is known about its effects in experimental systems, but the translation of this knowledge to the clinic requires studies which, for many of the potential target conditions, have yet to be carried out. The beneficial effects of AdipoRon in novel clinical conditions will suggest an underlying pathophysiological role of adiponectin and its receptors in previously unsuspected settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Shaheen Wasil Kabeer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, J&K, India
| | - Muhammad Ovais Dar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
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Liu H, Liu S, Ji H, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Hu P, Luo E. An adiponectin receptor agonist promote osteogenesis via regulating bone-fat balance. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13035. [PMID: 33939201 PMCID: PMC8168410 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adiponectin signalling has been considered to be a promising target to treat diabetes-related osteoporosis. However, contradictory results regarding bone formation were observed due to the various isoforms of adiponectin. Therefore, it would be necessary to investigate the effect of adiponectin receptor signals in regulating bone-fat balance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We primarily applied a newly found specific activator for adiponectin receptor, AdipoRon, to treat bone metabolism-related cells to investigate the role of Adiponectin receptor signals on bone-fat balance. We then established femur defect mouse model and treated them with AdipoRon to see whether adiponectin receptor activation could promote bone regeneration. RESULTS We found that AdipoRon could slightly inhibit the proliferation of pre-osteoblast and pre-osteoclast, but AdipoRon showed no effect on the viability of mesenchymal stromal cells. AdipoRon could remarkably promote cell migration of mesenchymal stromal cells. Additionally, AdipoRon promoted osteogenesis in both pre-osteoblasts and mesenchymal cells. Besides, AdipoRon significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis via its direct impact on pre-osteoclast and its indirect inhibition of RANKL in osteoblast. Moreover, mesenchymal stromal stems cells showed obviously decreased adipogenesis when treated with AdipoRon. Consistently, AdipoRon-treated mice showed faster bone regeneration and repressed adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated a pro-osteogenic, anti-adipogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic effect of adiponectin receptor activation in young mice, which suggested adiponectin receptor signalling was involved in bone regeneration and bone-fat balance regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
- Maine Medical Center Research InstituteMaine Medical CenterScarboroughMEUSA
| | - Shibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Huanzhong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Qiucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Pei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
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Lee TH, Christie BR, van Praag H, Lin K, Siu PMF, Xu A, So KF, Yau SY. AdipoRon Treatment Induces a Dose-Dependent Response in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2068. [PMID: 33669795 PMCID: PMC7922380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, elicits similar antidiabetic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects on mouse models as adiponectin does. Since AdipoRon can cross the blood-brain barrier, its chronic effects on regulating hippocampal function are yet to be examined. This study investigated whether AdipoRon treatment promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial recognition memory in a dose-dependent manner. Adolescent male C57BL/6J mice received continuous treatment of either 20 mg/kg (low dose) or 50 mg/kg (high dose) AdipoRon or vehicle intraperitoneally for 14 days, followed by the open field test to examine anxiety and locomotor activity, and the Y maze test to examine hippocampal-dependent spatial recognition memory. Immunopositive cell markers of neural progenitor cells, immature neurons, and newborn cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus were quantified. Immunosorbent assays were used to measure the serum levels of factors that can regulate hippocampal neurogenesis, including adiponectin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and corticosterone. Our results showed that 20 mg/kg AdipoRon treatment significantly promoted hippocampal cell proliferation and increased serum levels of adiponectin and BDNF, though there were no effects on spatial recognition memory and locomotor activity. On the contrary, 50 mg/kg AdipoRon treatment impaired spatial recognition memory, suppressed cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and cell survival associated with reduced serum levels of BDNF and adiponectin. The results suggest that a low-dose AdipoRon treatment promotes hippocampal cell proliferation, while a high-dose AdipoRon treatment is detrimental to the hippocampus function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;
| | - Brian R. Christie
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Henriette van Praag
- FAU Brain Institute and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33431, USA;
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorder, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Brain Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China;
| | - Parco Ming-Fai Siu
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Suk-yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;
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Grandhaye J, Hmadeh S, Plotton I, Levasseur F, Estienne A, LeGuevel R, Levern Y, Ramé C, Jeanpierre E, Guerif F, Dupont J, Froment P. The adiponectin agonist, AdipoRon, inhibits steroidogenesis and cell proliferation in human luteinized granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111080. [PMID: 33189865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During obesity, excess body weight is not only associated with an increased risk of type 2-diabetes, but also several other pathological processes, such as infertility. Adipose tissue is the largest endocrine organ of the body that produces adipokines, including adiponectin. Adiponectin has been reported to control fertility through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and folliculogenesis in the ovaries. In this study, we focused on a recent adiponectin-like synthetic agonist called AdipoRon, and its action in human luteinized granulosa cells. We demonstrated that AdipoRon activated the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR) signalling pathways in human luteinized granulosa cells. A 25 μM AdipoRon stimulation reduced granulosa cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in G1, associated with PTEN and p53 pathway activation. In addition, AdipoRon perturbed cell metabolism by decreasing mitochondrial activity and ATP production. In human luteinized granulosa cells, AdipoRon increased phosphodiesterase activity, leading to a drop in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, aromatase expression and oestrogens secretion. In conclusion, AdipoRon impacted folliculogenesis by altering human luteinized granulosa cell function, via steroid production and cell proliferation. This agonist may have applications for improving ovarian function in metabolic disorders or granulosa cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Grandhaye
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sandy Hmadeh
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- Molecular Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | - Floriane Levasseur
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Rémy LeGuevel
- Plate-forme ImPACcell, Université de Rennes 1, France
| | - Yves Levern
- INRA UMR Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Service de Cytométrie, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Jeanpierre
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France; Université de Tours, Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, France.
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10
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zheng R, Wu Z, Fan Y, Li M, Li M, Li T, Li Y, Jiang Z, Wang C, Liu Y. Inhibition of CSRP2 Promotes Leukemia Cell Proliferation and Correlates with Relapse in Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12549-12560. [PMID: 33324073 PMCID: PMC7733086 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Relapse is a major obstacle in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Refinement of risk stratification may aid the identification of patients who are likely to relapse. Abnormal cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2) has been implicated in various cancers, but its function remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of CSRP2 in predicting adult AML recurrence. Methods RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of CSRP2 in 193 newly diagnosed adult AML patients and 44 healthy controls. The competitive risk model was used to calculate the cumulative incidence of relapse rate (CIR), Kaplan-Meier to calculate the relapse-free survival rate (RFS), and the Cox regression model to perform multivariate analysis. Viral transfection was used to construct AML cell lines with stable knockdown of CSRP2, CCK8 to detect proliferation and drug resistance, flow cytometry to detect cell cycle and apoptosis, and Western blot to detect key molecules in signaling pathways. Results CSRP2 transcript levels were higher in 193 adult AML compared with 44 healthy controls. In 149 patients who achieved complete remission, those with high CSRP2 transcript levels displayed a lower 2-year CIR and higher 2-year RFS, especially when receiving only chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, a high CSRP2 transcript level was independently associated with a better RFS. Knockdown of CSRP2 promoted proliferation and cell cycle progression, and reduced chemosensitivity. Western blot analysis showed upregulation of p-AKT and p-CREB in CSRP2-knockdown AML cell lines. Inhibition assays suggested these two signaling pathways participated in the CSRP2-mediated proliferation effects in AML cell lines. Conclusion In summary, CSRP2 correlates with relapse in adult AML. Down-regulation of CSRP2 could promote the proliferation of AML cell lines by regulating the AKT and CREB signaling pathways. Therefore, CSRP2 may provide prognostic significance and potential therapeutic targets in the management of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School/Rhode Island Hospital, Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - Ruyue Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglin Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Vohra MS, Ahmad B, Serpell CJ, Parhar IS, Wong EH. Murine in vitro cellular models to better understand adipogenesis and its potential applications. Differentiation 2020; 115:62-84. [PMID: 32891960 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis has been extensively studied using in vitro models of cellular differentiation, enabling long-term regulation of fat cell metabolism in human adipose tissue (AT) material. Many studies promote the idea that manipulation of this process could potentially reduce the prevalence of obesity and its related diseases. It has now become essential to understand the molecular basis of fat cell development to tackle this pandemic disease, by identifying therapeutic targets and new biomarkers. This review explores murine cell models and their applications for study of the adipogenic differentiation process in vitro. We focus on the benefits and limitations of different cell line models to aid in interpreting data and selecting a good cell line model for successful understanding of adipose biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sufyan Vohra
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Christopher J Serpell
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, PJ 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Abou-Samra M, Selvais CM, Boursereau R, Lecompte S, Noel L, Brichard SM. AdipoRon, a new therapeutic prospect for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:518-533. [PMID: 31965757 PMCID: PMC7113498 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin (ApN) is a hormone known to exhibit insulin-sensitizing, fat-burning, and anti-inflammatory properties in several tissues, including the skeletal muscle. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease characterized by dystrophin deficiency with subsequent chronic inflammation, myofiber necrosis, and impaired regeneration. Previously, we showed that transgenic up-regulation of ApN could significantly attenuate the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mice (model of DMD). Recently, an orally active ApN receptor agonist, AdipoRon, has been identified. This synthetic small molecule has the advantage of being more easily produced and administrable than ApN. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of AdipoRon on the dystrophic muscle. METHODS Four-week-old mdx mice (n = 6-9 per group) were orally treated with AdipoRon (mdx-AR) for 8 weeks and compared with untreated (mdx) mice and to control (wild-type) mice. In vivo functional tests were carried out to measure the global force and endurance of mice. Ex vivo biochemical and molecular analyses were performed to evaluate the pathophysiology of the skeletal muscle. Finally, in vitro tests were conducted on primary cultures of healthy and DMD human myotubes. RESULTS AdipoRon treatment mitigated oxidative stress (-30% to 45% for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and peroxiredoxin 3, P < 0.0001) as well as inflammation in muscles of mdx mice (-35% to 65% for interleukin 1 beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and cluster of differentiation 68, a macrophage maker, P < 0.0001) while increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (~5-fold, P < 0.0001). AdipoRon also improved the myogenic programme as assessed by a ~2-fold rise in markers of muscle proliferation and differentiation (P < 0.01 or less vs. untreated mdx). Plasma lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase were reduced by 30-40% in mdx-AR mice, reflecting less sarcolemmal damage (P < 0.0001). When compared with untreated mdx mice, mdx-AR mice exhibited enhanced physical performance with an increase in both muscle force and endurance and a striking restoration of the running capacity during eccentric exercise. AdipoRon mainly acted through ApN receptor 1 by increasing AMP-activated protein kinase signalling, which led to repression of nuclear factor-kappa B, up-regulation of utrophin (a dystrophin analogue), and a switch towards an oxidative and more resistant fibre phenotype. The effects of AdipoRon were then recapitulated in human DMD myotubes. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that AdipoRon exerts several beneficial effects on the dystrophic muscle. This molecule could offer promising therapeutic prospect for managing DMD or other muscle and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Abou-Samra
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille M Selvais
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphael Boursereau
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lecompte
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Noel
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonia M Brichard
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. AMPK activation inhibits the functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC): impact on cancer and aging. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1049-1064. [PMID: 31129755 PMCID: PMC6647228 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a crucial role not only in the regulation of tissue energy metabolism but it can also control immune responses through its cooperation with immune signaling pathways, thus affecting immunometabolism and the functions of immune cells. It is known that AMPK signaling inhibits the activity of the NF-κB system and thus suppresses pro-inflammatory responses. Interestingly, AMPK activation can inhibit several major immune signaling pathways, e.g., the JAK-STAT, NF-κB, C/EBPβ, CHOP, and HIF-1α pathways, which induce the expansion and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). MDSCs induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment in tumors and thus allow the escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance. Chronic inflammation has a key role in the expansion and activation of MDSCs in both tumors and inflammatory disorders. The numbers of MDSCs also significantly increase during the aging process concurrently with the immunosenescence associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Increased fatty acid oxidation and lactate produced by aerobic glycolysis are important immunometabolic enhancers of MDSC functions. However, it seems that AMPK signaling regulates the functions of MDSCs in a context-dependent manner. Currently, the activators of AMPK signaling are promising drug candidates for cancer therapy and possibly for the extension of healthspan and lifespan. We will describe in detail the AMPK-mediated regulation of the signaling pathways controlling the expansion and activation of immunosuppressive MDSCs. We will propose that the beneficial effects mediated by AMPK activation, e.g., in cancers and the aging process, could be induced by the inhibition of MDSC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, Kuopio, Finland
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Zhang J, Lu W, Zhang J, Lu R, Wu L, Qin Y, Liu Y, Lai Y, Jiang H, Jiang Q, Jiang B, Xu L, Zhang X, Huang X, Ruan G, Liu K. S100A16suppresses the growth and survival of leukaemia cells and correlates with relapse and relapse free survival in adults with Philadelphia chromosome‐negative B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2019; 185:836-851. [PMID: 30916375 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Otvos L. Potential Adiponectin Receptor Response Modifier Therapeutics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:539. [PMID: 31456747 PMCID: PMC6700268 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases may benefit from adiponectin replacement therapy, but due to pharmacological disadvantages of the intact protein, druggable options focus on peptidic, and small molecule agonists of the adiponectin receptor. Peptide-based adiponectin replacement drug leads are derived from, or resemble, the active site of globular adiponectin. ADP355, the first-in-class such peptide, exhibits low nanomolar cellular activities, and clinically acceptable efficacies in a series of fibrotic and inflammation-derived diseases. The advantage of small molecule therapies, spearheaded by AdipoRon, is oral availability and extension of utility to a series of metabolic conditions. It is exactly the difficulties in the reliability and readout of the in vitro measures and the wealth of in vivo models that make comparison of the various drug classes complicated, if not impossible. While only a fewer number of maladies could take advantage of adiponectin receptor antagonists, the limited number of these available can be very useful tools in target validation studies. Alternative approaches to direct adiponectin signaling control use upstream adiponectin production inducing therapies but currently these offer relatively limited success compared to direct receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Otvos
- OLPE LLC, Audubon, PA, United States
- Allysta Pharmaceuticals, San Mateo, CA, United States
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Laszlo Otvos Jr.
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