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An Overview of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition in Canine Tumors: How Far Have We Come? Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010019. [PMID: 36669020 PMCID: PMC9865109 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, pre-clinical and clinical studies in human medicine have provided new insights, pushing forward the contemporary knowledge. The new results represented a motivation for investigators in specific fields of veterinary medicine, who addressed the same research topics from different perspectives in studies based on experimental and spontaneous animal disease models. The study of different pheno-genotypic contexts contributes to the confirmation of translational models of pathologic mechanisms. This review provides an overview of EMT and MET processes in both human and canine species. While human medicine rapidly advances, having a large amount of information available, veterinary medicine is not at the same level. This situation should provide motivation for the veterinary medicine research field, to apply the knowledge on humans to research in pets. By merging the knowledge of these two disciplines, better and faster results can be achieved, thus improving human and canine health.
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Wang JL, Lee WJ, Fang CL, Hsu HL, Chen BJ, Liu HE. Human Papillomavirus Oncoproteins Confer Sensitivity to Cisplatin by Interfering with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Nuclear Trafficking Related to More Favorable Clinical Survival Outcomes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215333. [PMID: 36358752 PMCID: PMC9657246 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. Identifying prognostic factors is crucial to improve the survival time of those with lung cancer. Our previous studies have reported that human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression are associated with a better survival prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to detect the molecular evidence of HPV oncoproteins interfering with EGFR nuclear trafficking related to better prognosis in lung cancer. Based on the study results for a better response to cisplatin in transfected HPV 16E5/16E6/16E7 H292 xenograft animal models, as well as better survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients with either 16E6/18E6 or EGFR expression, we suggest that clinicians should adjust the treatment protocol according to HPV 16E6/18E6 expression and EGFR expression to increase the overall survival time in lung cancer. Abstract High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression have been reported to be associated with more favorable survival outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma patients. In this study, we utilized transfected HPV 16E5/16E6/16E7 H292 cells to investigate the mechanism of HPV oncoproteins interfering with EGFR nuclear trafficking related to a better response to cisplatin. Furthermore, we correlated HPV 16E6/18E6 expression and differentially localized EGFR expression with the clinical association and survival impact in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our results found significantly higher phosphorylated nuclear EGFR expression upon epidermal growth factor stimulus and better responses to cisplatin in transfected HPV 16E5/16E6/16E7 NCI-H292 cells and xenograft animal models. Our data were compatible with clinical results of a high correlation of HPV 16E6/18E6 and EGFR expression in non-small cell lung cancer tissues and the synergistic effects of both with the best survival prognosis in a lung adenocarcinoma cohort, especially in patients with older age, no brain metastasis, smoking history, and wild-type EGFR status. Cumulatively, our study supports HPV 16E5/16E6/16E7 oncoproteins interfering with EGFR nuclear trafficking, resulting in increased sensitivity to cisplatin. HPV 16E6/18E6 and EGFR expression serve as good prognostic factors in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinn-Li Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-L.W.); (H.-E.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2930-7930 (ext. 8106) (J.-L.W.); Fax: +886-2-2930-2448 (J.-L.W.)
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Han-Lin Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jung Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Hsingjin-Eugene Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-L.W.); (H.-E.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2930-7930 (ext. 8106) (J.-L.W.); Fax: +886-2-2930-2448 (J.-L.W.)
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Zhang L, Cai Y, Tian C, Li Y, Ma K, Gao X, Liu L, Jiang Y, Wen W, Ma Z. LncRNA Opa interacting protein 5-antisense RNA 1 (OIP5-AS1) promotes the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through targeting miR-147a/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) pathway in cervical cancer tissues and cell model. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:1222-1232. [PMID: 35233882 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two factors involved in regulation, long noncoding RNA Opa interacting protein 5-antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA OIP5-AS1) and microRNA-147a, were found in cervical cancer. Therefore, the investigation of the specific regulation of miR-147a by OIP5-AS1 was performed in cervical cancer. METHOD The cervical cancer tissues were collected from patients with cervical cancer (n = 50). The expression of OIP5-AS1, miR-147a, proteins in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCT) or western blotting. Cell motility and the relationship between OIP5-AS1 and miR-147a were detected or analyzed by wound healing test, Transwell assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay or Pearson correlation in OIP5-AS1, or miR-147a over-expressed and/or suppressed cervical cancer cells. RESULTS OIP5-AS1 showed the high-expression and miR-147a showed the low-expression in tumor tissues collected from patients with cervical cancer and cell lines Hela, CaSki, Siha, and ME-180. The low-expression of OIP5-AS1 suppressed the motility of Caski cells, as well as up-regulated the level of E-cadherin, which a key protein in EMT. There were targeting sites between miR-147a and OIP5-AS1. OIP5-AS1 induced the down-regulation of miR-147a, so miR-147a was inversely correlated with OIP5-AS1. The down-regulation of miR-147a increased IGF1R and E-cadherin, and these increases were alleviated by OIP5-AS1 knockdown. CONCLUSION LncRNA OIP5-AS1 promotes the migration, invasion and EMT of cervical cancer cells via targeting miR-147a/IGF1R pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Yufei Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Chenchen Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Kuili Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Xiaolei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Wanting Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, China
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Interaction between avian leukosis virus subgroup J surface protein and doublecortin-like kinase 1 accelerates cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Virol 2022; 96:e0165721. [PMID: 35080427 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01657-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) induces myelocytomas, which can metastasize to multiple organs in diseased chicken. Although metastasis is the primary cause of death in such cases, the mechanism for it remains unclear. Here, we found that interaction between ALV-J surface protein (SU) and doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell proliferation. We found that ALV-J can activate EMT in infected cells. Subsequently, proteomics analysis revealed that DCLK1, a well-established putative tumor stem cell marker, which is highly expressed in ALV-J-infected DF-1 cells and chickens, might be a potential factor mediating EMT. Furthermore, using immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, we verified that SU interacts with DCLK1. Functional studies suggested that overexpression of DCLK1 increased viral replication, and promoted cell proliferation by accelerating the progression of cells from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase of cell cycle, whereas RNA-interference of DCLK1 reduced viral replication and arrested cell proliferation by retarding cell cycle progression from the late G1 phase into the S phase in ALV-J-infected cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that the increased accumulation of DCLK1 promotes EMT by increasing the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP2, transcription factor Snail1, and decreasing the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin. These results suggest that ALV-J SU interacts with DCLK1, and accelerates cell proliferation, leading to increased viral replication, and ultimately activating EMT, which paves the way for tumor metastasis. IMPORTANCE Tumor metastasis is a major challenge in cancer research, because of its systemic nature and the resistance of disseminated tumor cells to existing therapeutic agents. It is estimated that >90% of mortality from cancer is attributable to metastases. We found that ALV-J can activate EMT, which plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. Subsequently, we identified a tumor stem cell marker, DCLK1, in ALV-J infected cells, which interacts with surface protein (SU) of ALV-J to promote virus replication, activate EMT, and accelerate cell proliferation enabling ALV-J to obtain metastatic ability. Understanding the process of participation of ALV-J in EMT and the route of metastasis will help elucidate the mechanism of virus-induced tumor metastasis, and help identify promising molecular targets and key obstacles for ALV-J control and clinical technology development.
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Lu Y, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Li M, Chen X, Tu K, Li L. HPV16 E6 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of human cervical cancer cells by elevating both EMT and stemness characteristics. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:599-610. [PMID: 34957655 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In most cases of cervical cancer, the high-risk of the disease is caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Surgery or radiation usually benefits patients with early cervical cancer, while the metastatic one is uncurable and new therapeutic strategies and approaches are required. In this study, HPV16 E6 silence or overexpression were carried out to evaluate the possible mechanisms of HPV16 E6 function in cervical cancer cells with different HPV16 E6 expression background. HPV16 E6-positive cervical cancer cell Siha exerts significantly stronger cell invasion and migration potentials than the HPV16 E6-negative C33A cells. HPV16 E6 silence significantly weakened the potentials of cell invasion and migration, cell proliferation and stemness characteristic in Siha cells. Meanwhile, the overexpression of HPV16 E6 effectively promoted the cell proliferation and stemness characteristic in C33A cells. Our data also indicated a positive association between HPV16 E6 and the levels of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell stemness. The ectopic expression of OCT4 could effectively reverse the inhibitory roles of HPV16 E6 silence on cell migration, invasion, and stemness in Siha cells. More interestingly, we found that HPV16 E6 might promote the OCT4 expression by impairing the direct binding of p53 on the promoter and activate its transcription. Taken together, our results indicated that HPV16 E6 could promoted the potential cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of human cervical cancer cells by modulating EMT and cell stemness. Our data provide a novel mechanism for how HPV16 E6 acts as a key risk factor for cervical cancer development and progression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuFen Lu
- Medical College of NanChang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| | - ZiYu Zhang
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| | - MingMei Li
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| | - XiaoXiao Chen
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| | - KaiJia Tu
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
| | - LongYu Li
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P R China
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Donà MG, Di Bonito P, Chiantore MV, Amici C, Accardi L. Targeting Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancer by Oncoprotein-Specific Recombinant Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179143. [PMID: 34502053 PMCID: PMC8431386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, recombinant antibodies against specific antigens have shown great promise for the therapy of infectious diseases and cancer. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are involved in the development of around 5% of all human cancers and HPV16 is the high-risk genotype with the highest prevalence worldwide, playing a dominant role in all HPV-associated cancers. Here, we describe the main biological activities of the HPV16 E6, E7, and E5 oncoproteins, which are involved in the subversion of important regulatory pathways directly associated with all known hallmarks of cancer. We then review the state of art of the recombinant antibodies targeted to HPV oncoproteins developed so far in different formats, and outline their mechanisms of action. We describe the advantages of a possible antibody-based therapy against the HPV-associated lesions and discuss the critical issue of delivery to tumour cells, which must be addressed in order to achieve the desired translation of the antibodies from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.D.B.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Maria Vincenza Chiantore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.D.B.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Carla Amici
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Accardi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.D.B.); (M.V.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Khan S, Awan KA, Iqbal MJ. Sulforaphane as a potential remedy against cancer: Comprehensive mechanistic review. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13886. [PMID: 34350614 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane belongs to the active class of isothiocyanates capable of delivering various biological benefits for health promotion and disease prevention. This compound is considered vital to curtail numerous metabolic disorders. Various studies have proven its beneficial effects against cancer prevention and its possible utilization as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanistic pathways and possible interactions at cellular and subcellular levels is key to design and develop cancer therapeutics for humans. In this respect, a number of mechanisms such as modulation of carcinogen metabolism & phase II enzymatic activities, cell cycle arrest, activation of Nrf2, cytotoxic, proapoptotic and apoptotic pathways have been reported to be involved in cancer prevention. This article provides sufficient information by critical analysis to understand the mechanisms involved in cancer prevention attributed to sulforaphane. Furthermore, various clinical studies have also been included for design and development of novel therapies for cancer prevention and cure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diet and dietary components are potential tools to address various lifestyle-related disorders. Due to plenty of environmental and cellular toxicants, the chances of cancer prevalence are quite large which are worsen by adopting unhealthy lifestyles. Cancer can be treated with various therapies but those are acquiring side effects causing the patients to suffer the treatment regime. Nutraceuticals and functional foods provide safer options to prevent or delay the onset of cancer. In this regard, sulforaphane is a pivotal compound to be targeted as a potential agent for cancer treatment both in preventive and therapeutic regimes. This article provides sufficient evidence via discussing the underlying mechanisms of positive effects of sulforaphane to further the research for developing anticancer drugs that will help assuage this lethal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- School of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Small Tumor Antigen Activates Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 Gene Expression for Cell Migration and Invasion. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00786-20. [PMID: 32669331 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00786-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) small T antigen (sT) is the main oncoprotein for the development of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). MCC is a rare, clinically aggressive neuroendocrine tumor of the skin with a high propensity for local, regional, and distant spread. The dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been implicated in multiple essential roles in the development of various malignant tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Previously, MCV sT was shown to induce the migratory and invasive phenotype of MCC cells through the transcriptional activation of the sheddase molecule, ADAM 10 (A disintegrin and metalloprotease domain-containing protein 10). In this study, we show that MCV sT protein stimulates differential expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes, including MMP-9 and Snail. This effect is dependent on the presence of the large T stabilization domain (LSD), which is known to be responsible for cell transformation through targeting of promiscuous E3 ligases, including FBW7, a known MMP-9 and Snail regulator. Chemical treatments of MMP-9 markedly inhibited MCV sT-induced cell migration and invasion. These results suggest that MCV sT contributes to the activation of MMP-9 as a result of FBW7 targeting and increases the invasive potential of cells, which can be used for targeted therapeutic intervention.IMPORTANCE Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is the most aggressive cutaneous tumor without clearly defined treatment. Although MCC has a high propensity for metastasis, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that drive MCC invasion and metastatic progression. MMP-9 has been shown to play a detrimental role in many metastatic human cancers, including melanoma and other nonmelanoma skin cancers. Our study shows that MCV sT-mediated MMP-9 activation is driven through the LSD, a known E3 ligase-targeting domain, in MCC. MMP-9 may serve as the biochemical culprit to target and develop a novel approach for the treatment of metastatic MCC.
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Gupta I, Ghabreau L, Al-Thawadi H, Yasmeen A, Vranic S, Al Moustafa AE, Malki MI. Co-incidence of Human Papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr Virus Is Associated With High to Intermediate Tumor Grade in Human Head and Neck Cancer in Syria. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1016. [PMID: 32974123 PMCID: PMC7468388 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (high-risk HPVs) have been recently reported to be co-present with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in different types of human cancers including head and neck (HN), where they can cooperate in the initiation and/or progression of this cancer. Accordingly, we herein explored the prevalence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in 80 HN cancer tissues from the Syrian population using polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and tissue microarray methodologies. We report that high-risk HPVs and EBV are present in 35/80 (43.7%) and 41/80 (51.2%) of our samples, respectively, and the most frequent HPV types are 33, 16, 18, 45, 52, 58, 35, 51, and 31, in this order. More significantly, our data reveal that 25/80 (31.2%) of cancer cases are positive for high-risk HPVs as well as EBV, and their co-presence is associated with high/intermediate-grade squamous cell carcinomas. These data confirm the co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in HN cancers in the Syrian population of the Middle East and demonstrate that their co-incidence is linked to a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Thus, future studies are required to confirm these data and elucidate the exact role of high-risk and EBV cooperation in human HN carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lina Ghabreau
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.,Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society Against Cancer, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | - Amber Yasmeen
- Segal Cancer Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Jiang J, Li X, Yin X, Zhang J, Shi B. Association of low expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin with the progression of early stage human squamous cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5729-5739. [PMID: 31186799 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise involvement and mechanisms of human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cervical cancer (SCC) remain unknown. The present study aimed to examine the expression of EMT indicators and their association with HPV16 in CIN and early stage SCC, and their prognostic value in early stage SCC. The expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin, and fibronectin were determined by immunohistochemistry in 40 patients with normal uterine cervix, 22 patients with CIN1, 60 patients with CIN2-3, and 86 patients with SCC, stage Ia-IIa, according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. The expression of the epithelial indicators E-cadherin and β-catenin gradually declined, and the mesenchymal indicators N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin increased with progression of the cervical lesions (P<0.05). Patients with SCC with lymph node metastasis, parametrial invasion, negative E-cadherin, and negative β-catenin expression had shorter overall survival (P=0.001, P=0.015, P=0.014, and P=0.043, respectively) and disease-free survival (P=0.002, P=0.021, P=0.025, and P=0.045, respectively) time. Multivariate survival analysis indicated that lymph node metastasis [Hazard ratio (HR)=3.544; P=0.010], parametrial invasion (HR=2.014; P=0.007) and E-cadherin expression (HR=0.163; P<0.001) were independently associated with overall survival, but also with disease-free survival (HR=3.612, P=0.009; HR=1.935, P=0.011; HR=0.168, P<0.001, respectively). In patients with CINs, HPV16 infection was negatively correlated with the expression of E-cadherin, and positively correlated with the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin. EMT occurs during the progression of CINs to early stage SCC, and is associated with HPV16 infection in CINs. Lymph node metastasis and parametrial invasion are poor prognostic factors for SCC, while positive E-cadherin expression may serve as a protective prognostic factor for SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmei Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Jieying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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11
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Carrillo D, Muñoz JP, Huerta H, Leal G, Corvalán A, León O, Calaf GM, Urzúa U, Boccardo E, Tapia JC, Aguayo F. Upregulation of PIR gene expression induced by human papillomavirus E6 and E7 in epithelial oral and cervical cells. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170111. [PMID: 29118270 PMCID: PMC5717337 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-related carcinogenesis is E6 and E7 oncogene overexpression. The aim of this work was to characterize epithelial oral and cervical cancer cells that express HR-HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Transcriptomic assay using DNA microarrays revealed that PIR gene expression was detected in oral cells in an HR-HPV E6/E7-dependent manner. In addition, PIR was overexpressed in HPV-positive SiHa and Ca Ski cells, whereas it was undetectable in HPV-negative C33A cells. The PIR expression was dependent on functional HR-HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins even though the E7 oncoprotein had higher activity to induce PIR overexpression in comparison with E6. In addition, using an siRNA for PIR silencing in oral cells ectopically expressing HR-HPV E6/E7, there was a significant increase in E-cadherin transcripts and a decrease in Vimentin, Slug, Zeb and Snail transcripts, suggesting that HR-HPV-induced PIR overexpression is involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, migration of PIR-silenced cells was significantly decreased. Finally, using inhibitors of some specific pathways, it was found that EGFR/ERK and PI3 K/AKT signalling pathways are important for E7-mediated PIR overexpression. It can be concluded that PIR gene expression is highly dependent on the expression of HR-HPV oncoproteins and is important for EMT regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carrillo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, PO 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P Muñoz
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, PO 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán Huerta
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, PO 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Leal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, PO 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar León
- Virology Program, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Center for Advanced Research, Tarapaca University, Arica, Chile.,Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulises Urzúa
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, PO 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio C Tapia
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, PO 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, PO 8389100, Santiago, Chile .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Cyprian FS, Al-Farsi HF, Vranic S, Akhtar S, Al Moustafa AE. Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Papillomaviruses Interactions and Their Roles in the Initiation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2018; 8:111. [PMID: 29765906 PMCID: PMC5938391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncoviruses are implicated in around 20% of all human cancers including both solid and non-solid malignancies. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common oncoviruses worldwide. Currently, it is well established that onco-proteins of EBV (LMP1, LMP2A, and EBNA1) and high-risk HPVs (E5 and E6/E7) play an important role in the initiation and/or progression of several human carcinomas, including cervical, oral, and breast. More significantly, it has been recently pointed out that viral onco-proteins of EBV and high-risk HPVs can be co-present and consequently cooperate to initiate and/or amplify epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is the hallmark of cancer progression and metastasis. This could occur by β-catenin, JAK/STAT/SRC, PI3k/Akt/mTOR, and/or RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathways, which onco-proteins of EBV and HPVs share. This review presents the most recent advances related to EBV and high-risk HPVs onco-proteins interactions and their roles in the progression of human carcinomas especially oral and breast via the initiation of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Human papillomavirus type 16 E5-mediated upregulation of Met in human keratinocytes. Virology 2018; 519:1-11. [PMID: 29609071 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause benign lesions that can lead to malignancy. How cellular changes induced by viral oncogenes contribute to the progeny virion production is not always clear. Stromally-derived growth factors and their receptors are critical for development of malignancy, but their impact on the pre-malignant HPV life cycle is unknown. We show that HPV16 increases levels of Met, a growth factor receptor critical for tumor cell invasion, motility, and cancer metastasis. The viral oncogene E5 is primarily responsible for Met upregulation, with E6 playing a minor role. Met induction by E5 requires the epidermal growth factor receptor, which is also increased by E5 at the mRNA level. E5-induced Met contributes motility of HPV-containing cells. Finally, Met signaling is necessary for viral gene expression, particularly in the differentiation-dependent phase of the viral life cycle. These studies show a new role for E5 in epithelial-stromal interactions, with implications for cancer development.
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14
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Jin J, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Chen X, Chen Z, Hu P, Wang J, Xie C. Fatty acid binding protein 4 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical squamous cell carcinoma through AKT/GSK3β/Snail signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:155-164. [PMID: 28893569 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a member of the fatty acid binding protein family which involved in a variety of biological cellular processes, including tumorigenesis. However, the role of this key adipokine in cervical cancer is still unclear. In this study, we explored the function of FABP4 in cervical cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms. FABP4 was specifically elevated in tissue samples from patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) but not with cervical adenocarcinoma, and the level of FABP4 was correlated with E-cadherin and Vimentin expression. In vitro, exogenous FABP4 promoted the migration and invasion of CSCC cells in a dose-dependent manner, and reorganized the actin cytoskeletons in F-Actin staining and TGF-β induced EMT assays. Importantly, the AKT/GSK3β/Snail pathway appears to be involved in FABP4-induced EMT in CSCC cells. In conclusion, our research demonstrated elevated FABP4 promoted EMT via the activation of AKT/GSK3β/Snail pathway in CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Song Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ping Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Caifeng Xie
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China.
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15
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Luo Q, Luo L, Tang L. A Network Meta-Analysis on the Diagnostic Value of Different Imaging Methods for Lymph Node Metastases in Patients With Cervical Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533034617742311. [PMID: 29343205 PMCID: PMC5784560 DOI: 10.1177/1533034617742311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We performed this network meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic value of 4 imaging methods (magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and diffusion-weighted imaging) for diagnosing lymph node metastases in cervical cancer. METHOD Diagnostic tests regarding different imaging methods to diagnose lymph node metastases in cervical cancer were retrieved from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase electronic databases from inception to December 2016. Direct and indirect evidence was performed to calculate the odds ratio and to draw the surface under the cumulative ranking curves of the 4 imaging methods for diagnosing lymph node metastases in cervical cancer. RESULTS Sixteen eligible diagnostic tests were included in this network meta-analysis. The results of network meta-analysis demonstrate that in comparison with the diffusion-weighted imaging, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of positron emission tomography were relatively higher. Additionally, the results further indicate that compared with other diagnosis method, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of positron emission tomography had a higher trend. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve results indicated that in terms of positive likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio, positron emission tomography had a relatively higher diagnostic value for lymph node metastases in patients with cervical cancer. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that positron emission tomography might have a relatively higher diagnostic value for lymph node metastases in patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Luo
- Department of Radiology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Gynaecology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Oncology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, 272000, Shandong, China
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16
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Designing probe from E6 genome region of human Papillomavirus 16 for sensing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1738-1746. [PMID: 29030179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a standout amongst the most commonly reported over 100 types, among them genotypes 16, 18, 31 and 45 are the high-risk HPV. Herein, we designed the oligonucleotide probe for the detection of predominant HPV type 16 for the sensing applications. Conserved amino acid sequences within E6 region of the open reading frame in the HPV genome was used as the basis to design oligonucleotide probe to detect cervical cancer. Analyses of E6 amino acid sequences from the high-risk HPVs were done to check the percentage of similarity and consensus regions that cause different cancers, including cervical cancer. Basic local alignment search tools (BLAST) have given extra statistical parameters, for example, desire values (E-values) and score bits. The probe, 'GGG GTC GGT GGA CCG GTC GAT GTA' was designed with 66.7% GC content. This oligonucleotide probe is designed with the length of 24 mer, GC percent is between 40 and 70, and the melting point (Tm) is above 50°C. The probe needed an acceptable length between 22 and 31 mer. The choice of region is identified here can be used as a probe, has implications for HPV detection techniques in biosensor especially for clinical determination of cervical cancer.
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17
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen C, Zhang J, Qian W, Dong Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang Z, Shi X, Wu S. LSD1 binds to HPV16 E7 and promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer by demethylating histones at the Vimentin promoter. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11329-11342. [PMID: 27894088 PMCID: PMC5355268 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which specifically demethylates histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and lysine 9 (H3K9), is dysregulated in several cancers. We found that ectopic expression of LSD1 in cervical cancer cells promoted invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, reduced the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, and induced the expression of the mesenchymal marker, Vimentin. By contrast, LSD1 knockdown had the opposite effect and attenuated the HPV16 E7-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We proposed a novel mechanism, whereby LSD1 is recruited to the Vimentin promoter and demethylates H3K4me1 and H3K4me2. Notably, HPV16 E7 enhanced the expression of LSD1, formed a complex with LSD1, and suppressed LSD1 demethylase activity by hindering the recruitment of LSD1 to the Vimentin promoter. Thus, LSD1 is a primary and positive regulator of the HPV16 E7-induced EMT and an attractive therapeutic target for alleviating HPV16 E7-induced EMT and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunqin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Qian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Xinhua hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenbo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Genes and Development and Molecular Carcinogenesis Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sufang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Schrevel M, Corver WE, Vegter ME, Ter Haar NT, Dreef EJ, Beltman JJ, Kenter G, Bosse T, de Kroon CD, Jordanova ES. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a strong predictor for locoregional recurrences in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87568-87581. [PMID: 29152102 PMCID: PMC5675654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) has been shown to be a prognostic marker in various cancer types, and has been suggested to play a role in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we determined the prognostic significance of L1CAM in cervical cancer and its association with vimentin expression on tumor cells, indicative of EMT. Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumor samples from 372 cervical cancer patients were collected for immunohistochemical analysis of L1CAM expression. In 109 FFPE specimens, the percentage of vimentin expressing tumor cells was determined by flow cytometry. Results Positive L1CAM expression (≥10% of tumor cells) was associated with disease-free survival, validated using RNAseq TCGA data. L1CAM expression was independently associated with locoregional recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio 2.62, 95% CI 1.33 – 5.17, P = 0.006), and strongly associated with percentage of vimentin expressing tumor cells (P = 0.003). Expression of both L1CAM and vimentin indicated a subgroup with the highest risk of recurrence (hazard ratio 3.15, 95% CI 1.25 – 7.92, P = 0.015). Conclusion L1CAM might be a promising new prognostic marker for locoregional recurrences in cervical cancer, and its association with vimentin expression suggests that L1CAM might affect tumor aggressiveness, possibly through EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Schrevel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem E Corver
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margit E Vegter
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natalja T Ter Haar
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Enno J Dreef
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum J Beltman
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma Kenter
- Department of Gynecology, VUmc, Centre for Gynecologic Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis D de Kroon
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gynecology, VUmc, Centre for Gynecologic Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Woodby B, Scott M, Bodily J. The Interaction Between Human Papillomaviruses and the Stromal Microenvironment. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:169-238. [PMID: 27865458 PMCID: PMC5727914 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate in stratified squamous epithelia and cause a variety of malignancies. Current efforts in HPV biology are focused on understanding the virus-host interactions that enable HPV to persist for years or decades in the tissue. The importance of interactions between tumor cells and the stromal microenvironment has become increasingly apparent in recent years, but how stromal interactions impact the normal, benign life cycle of HPVs, or progression of lesions to cancer is less understood. Furthermore, how productively replicating HPV impacts cells in the stromal environment is also unclear. Here we bring together some of the relevant literature on keratinocyte-stromal interactions and their impacts on HPV biology, focusing on stromal fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. We discuss how HPV oncogenes in infected cells manipulate other cells in their environment, and, conversely, how neighboring cells may impact the efficiency or course of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Woodby
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - M Scott
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - J Bodily
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States.
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20
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Cheng YM, Tsai CC, Hsu YC. Sulforaphane, a Dietary Isothiocyanate, Induces G₂/M Arrest in Cervical Cancer Cells through CyclinB1 Downregulation and GADD45β/CDC2 Association. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091530. [PMID: 27626412 PMCID: PMC5037805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, cervical cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women. The main treatment methods for this type of cancer include conization or hysterectomy procedures. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural, compound-based drug derived from dietary isothiocyanates which has previously been shown to possess potent anti-tumor and chemopreventive effects against several types of cancer. The present study investigated the effects of SFN on anti-proliferation and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in cervical cancer cell lines (Cx, CxWJ, and HeLa). We found that cytotoxicity is associated with an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phases of the cell-cycle. Treatment with SFN led to cell cycle arrest as well as the down-regulation of Cyclin B1 expression, but not of CDC2 expression. In addition, the effects of GADD45β gene activation in cell cycle arrest increase proportionally with the dose of SFN; however, mitotic delay and the inhibition of proliferation both depend on the dosage of SFN used to treat cancer cells. These results indicate that SFN may delay the development of cancer by arresting cell growth in the G2/M phase via down-regulation of Cyclin B1 gene expression, dissociation of the cyclin B1/CDC2 complex, and up-regulation of GADD45β proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Min Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chou Tsai
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 61333, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
- Bachelor Degree Program of Medical Sciences Industry, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
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21
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Vishnoi K, Mahata S, Tyagi A, Pandey A, Verma G, Jadli M, Singh T, Singh SM, Bharti AC. Human papillomavirus oncoproteins differentially modulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in 5-FU-resistant cervical cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13137-13154. [PMID: 27449048 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Etiological role of viral proteins E6 and E7 of high-risk HPV in cervical carcinogenesis is well established. However, their contribution in chemoresistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that leads to advanced metastatic lesions and chemoresistance is poorly defined. In the present study, contribution of viral oncoproteins in acquisition of EMT character during onset of chemoresistance was assessed. A chemoresistant cell line (SiHaCR) was developed from an established HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell line, SiHa, by escalating selection pressure of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Expression of Survivin, ABCG2, Snail, Slug, Twist, and Vimentin was examined in SiHa and SiHaCR cells by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting assays. Mesenchymal phenotype in SiHaCR cells was confirmed by assessment of migration and invasion potentials. SiHaCR cells displayed elevated level of functional and molecular markers associated with chemoresistance (Survivin, ABCG2) and EMT (Snail, Slug, Twist, Vimentin) and reduced E-cadherin. SiHaCR also showed increased levels of HPV16 E6 and E7 transcripts. Specific silencing of HPV16 E6, but not E7 using corresponding siRNA, demonstrated a differential involvement of HPV oncogenes in manifestation of EMT. HPV16 E6 silencing resulted in reduction of Slug and Twist expression. However, the expression of Snail and Vimentin was only marginally affected. In contrast, there was an increase in the expression of E-cadherin. A reduced migration and invasion capabilities were observed only in E6-silenced SiHaCR cells, which further confirmed functional contribution of HPV16 E6 in manifestation of EMT. Taken together, our study demonstrated an active involvement of HPV16 E6 in regulation of EMT, which promotes chemoresistance in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishnoi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sutapa Mahata
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Tyagi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Research Lab, Delhi State Cancer Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Pandey
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gaurav Verma
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohit Jadli
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok C Bharti
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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22
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Chen X, Bode AM, Dong Z, Cao Y. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regulated by oncoviruses in cancer. FASEB J 2016; 30:3001-10. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600388r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and InvasionChinese Ministry of EducationXiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Cancer Research InstituteXiangya School of MedicineCentral South University Changsha China
- Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisChinese Ministry of Health Changsha China
- Hunan Cancer Hospital Changsha China
| | - Ann M. Bode
- The Hormel InstituteUniversity of Minnesota Austin Minnesota USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel InstituteUniversity of Minnesota Austin Minnesota USA
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and InvasionChinese Ministry of EducationXiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
- Cancer Research InstituteXiangya School of MedicineCentral South University Changsha China
- Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisChinese Ministry of Health Changsha China
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23
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Pei Z, Zeng J, Gao Y, Li F, Li W, Zhou H, Yang Y, Wu R, Chen Y, Liu J. Oxymatrine inhibits the proliferation of CaSki cells via downregulating HPV16E7 expression. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:291-8. [PMID: 27176229 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer remains a challenge, especially in developing countries, which lack efficient screening programs. HPV16E7 has been reported to play an important role in the development of cervical cancer. In recent years, oxymatrine, which was traditionally used as anti-malarial agent, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth with low toxicity to normal cells. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect of oxymatrine in cervical cancer. The CCK-8 assay was used to compare the proliferation of untreated and oxymatrine-treated cervical cancer CaSki cells. Flow cytometry was applied to observe the effect of oxymatrine on apoptosis and the cell cycle distribution of CaSki cells. We used qRT-PCR and western blot analysis to determine the mRNA level and protein level of HPV16E7. The HPV16E7 siRNA inhibition was also performed to confirm the effect of downregulating HPV16E7 on the proliferation in CaSki cells. Our results revealed that oxymatrine-treated cells showed time-dependent and dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation and a significant increase in apoptosis. Oxymatrine arrested CaSki cells in G0/G1 phase and S phase while decreased the cells in G2/M phase. The expression of HPV16E7 was significantly downregulated in oxymatrine-treated cells compared with control cells. Knock-down of HPV16E7 effectively inhibited the proliferation of CaSki cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that oxymatrine inhibits cervical cancer growth via downregulation of HPV16E7. Oxymatrine can be considered to be a potential preventive and therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Pei
- Department of PET Center and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Infection Control, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of PET Center and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Fuyan Li
- Department of PET Center and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of PET Center and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of PET Center and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of PET Center and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Wu
- Department of PET Center and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yijia Chen
- Department of PET Center and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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EMT-Inducing Molecular Factors in Gynecological Cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:420891. [PMID: 26356073 PMCID: PMC4556818 DOI: 10.1155/2015/420891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers are the unregulated growth of neoplastic cells that arise in the cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva. Although gynecologic cancers are characterized by different signs and symptoms, studies have shown that they share common risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, age, exposure to certain chemicals, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). Despite recent advancements in the preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic interventions for gynecologic cancers, many patients still die as a result of metastasis and recurrence. Since mounting evidence indicates that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process plays an essential role in metastatic relapse of cancer, understanding the molecular aberrations responsible for the EMT and its underlying signaling should be given high priority in order to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality.
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FGFR3-TACC3: A novel gene fusion in cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2015; 13:53-6. [PMID: 26425723 PMCID: PMC4563584 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer epitomizes the success of cancer prevention through the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, but significant challenges remain in the treatment of advanced disease. We report the first three cases of cervical carcinoma harboring an FGFR3-TACC3 fusion, which serves as a novel therapeutic target. The fusion, identified by comprehensive genomic profiling, activates the FGFR pathway that has been implicated in HPV-driven carcinogenesis. One of the patients whose tumor contained the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion was treated with an investigational FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Concomitant molecular alterations involving the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK pathways were also identified and suggest other treatment strategies that deserve investigation. This case series highlights the role of comprehensive genomic profiling in the identification of new therapeutic targets and in targeted therapy selection for patients with cervical cancer.
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Qureshi R, Arora H, Rizvi M. EMT in cervical cancer: Its role in tumour progression and response to therapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 356:321-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Huang W, Zhu S, Liu Q, Li C, Li L. Placenta growth factor promotes migration through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related protein expression in cervical cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:8506-8519. [PMID: 25674215 PMCID: PMC4314041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis by enabling cancer cells to depart from the primary tumor, invade surrounding tissue and disseminate to distant organs. The existence and function of EMT in cervical cancer is poorly understood. Placental growth factor (PLGF) has been shown to associate with EMT in various cancers. However, whether PLGF is involved in EMT in cervical cancer remains unclear. Thus the present study examined the relationship between PLGF expression and EMT-related proteins in 110 cervical lesions samples. We detected that PLGF was expressed in 61.8% cervical lesion sections. In addition, PLGF expression is positively correlated with low expression level of E-cadherin and high expression level of vimentin. Serum samples and cervical lavage samples were collected from patients with pre-invasive and invasive lesion of uterine cervix or normal control group, the PLGF levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that a significantly high level of PLGF could be detected both in serum and vaginal lavage compared with normal women group, and there is no significant difference between serum and lavage in PLGF level. In addition, whatever in lavage or in serum, the PLGF level in stage I and II was significantly higher than it in CINIII or cancer in situ. However, there is no significant difference between the stage I and stage II; we also found that exogenous PLGF promotes molecular changes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in siha cells. In addition, application of a specific EKR1/2 inhibitor could reverse the effects of PLGF. These findings suggested that PLGF could regulate the expression of EMT-related proteins and promote migration of siha cells through ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Therapies that targets PLGF/Flt-1/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway may be beneficial in treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chanyu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Qian W, Zhang J, Dong Y, Shi C, Liu Z, Wu S. The indicative function of Twist2 and E-cadherin in HPV oncogene-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cervical cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:639-50. [PMID: 25420506 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections are among the most important factors for cervical carcinogenesis. However, whether patients infected with HR-HPV eventually develop a malignant tumor, largely depends on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays an extraordinary role in the process of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, we evaluated the protein levels of EMT-related genes in normal cervical squamous epithelium, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining. By comparing the expression of EMT-related proteins in 31 cases of cervical tumors and tumor adjacent tissues and exploring the relationship between HPV16 oncogenes and EMT in vitro, we found that Twist2 protein levels were significantly higher in CIN and cervical cancer than in normal cervical squamous epithelial samples (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). This finding corresponded with the decreased expression of E-cadherin in cervical cancer. The difference in the expression of Twist2 and E-cadherin between 31 cases of cervical tumors and tumor adjacent tissues was statistically significant (p<0.01). HPV16 oncogenes were able to induce morphological alterations in the SiHa cell line, upregulate the expression of Twist2 and vimentin, downregulate E-cadherin in vitro, and exert an effect on invasion. Thus, joint detection of Twist2 and E-cadherin expression can help evaluate and provide greater insight into cervical carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Qian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Can Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sufang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Tsai CC, Huang SC, Tai MH, Chien CCC, Huang CC, Hsu YC. Hepatoma-derived growth factor upregulation is correlated with prognostic factors of early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21492-504. [PMID: 25421244 PMCID: PMC4264238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151121492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a unique nuclear/growth factor that plays an important role in the progression of different types of cancer. A total of 63 patients with early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma (Cx) were enrolled in this retrospective study. The expression of HDGF was significantly increased compared with adjacent non-tumor tissue samples (p < 0.001). Moreover, elevated nuclear HDGF levels were correlated with lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI; p < 0.05), lymph node metastasis (LNM; p < 0.001), recurrence (p < 0.001) and advanced grade (AG; p < 0.001). The growth of cervical cancer cells (Hela cells) was enhanced by HDGF treatment. The HDGF mRNA and protein level were significantly higher in malignant cervical cancer cells compared with primary ones. By adenovirus gene delivery, HDGF overexpression enhanced, whereas HDGF knockdown perturbed the tumorigenic behaviors of cervical cancer cells. HDGF overexpression is common in early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma and is involved in the carcinogenesis of cervical adenocarcinoma. Cytoplasmic HDGF expression is strongly correlated with pelvic lymph node metastasis and recurrence, indicating that HDGF may serve as a novel prognostic marker for patients with Cx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Chen Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Ming Hong Tai
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Chan-Chao Chang Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
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Habbous S, Pang V, Xu W, Amir E, Liu G. Human papillomavirus and host genetic polymorphisms in carcinogenesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Virol 2014; 61:220-9. [PMID: 25174543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in carcinogenesis continues to rise, the role of genetic factors that modify this risk have become increasingly important. In this study, we reviewed the literature for associations between polymorphisms and HPV in carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE To identify any associations of genetic polymorphisms with oncogenic HPV in carcinogenesis and to evaluate the methodology used. STUDY DESIGN Systematic literature review of HPV, genetic polymorphisms, and cancer risk. Odds ratios (OR), interaction terms, and p-values were tabulated. Meta-analyses and measures of heterogeneity were estimated using RevMan 5.1. RESULTS The cervix was the most frequently studied cancer site followed by the head and neck. Overall risk of cancer (cancer vs. control) was the most common comparison, whereas reports of initiation (pre-cancer vs. control) and progression (cancer vs. pre-cancer) were rare. Case-series and joint-effect of HPV and genotype on risk was evaluated frequently, but the independent effect of either risk factor alone was rarely provided. P53-Arg72Pro was the most commonly studied polymorphism studied. No consistent interaction was detected by meta-analysis in the HPV(+) [OR 0.98 (0.55-1.76)] or the HPV(-) [OR 1.10 (0.76-1.60)] subsets in head and neck cancer risk. Polymorphisms in genes known to encode proteins that physically interact with HPV were infrequently studied. CONCLUSION No consistent polymorphism-HPV interactions were observed. Study design, choice of candidate polymorphisms/genes, and a focus on overall risk rather than any specific portions of the carcinogenic pathway may have contributed to lack of significant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Habbous
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Vincent Pang
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Wei Xu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Eitan Amir
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Medicine and Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada M5G 2M9.
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Kogan EA, Namiot VA, Demura TA, Fajzullina HM, Sukhikh GT. Reparative and neoplastic spheroid cellular structures and their mathematical model. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350914030129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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32
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Ronca R, Di Salle E, Giacomini A, Leali D, Alessi P, Coltrini D, Ravelli C, Matarazzo S, Ribatti D, Vermi W, Presta M. Long Pentraxin-3 Inhibits Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Melanoma Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2760-71. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Stewart CJR, McCluggage WG. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in carcinomas of the female genital tract. Histopathology 2013; 62:31-43. [PMID: 23240668 DOI: 10.1111/his.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Invasion is a defining feature of malignancy, but the mechanisms of invasion in many common cancers, including gynaecological malignancies, remain unclear. However, it has been proposed that malignant cells may usurp a normal embryological process, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as a means of acquiring migratory capacity. The synergistic role of the tumour microenvironment in EMT induction has also been explored and helps to explain the spatially restricted distribution of EMT at the deep tumour margin (invasive front). Furthermore, tumour cells undergoing EMT may acquire cancer stem cell characteristics, and this may be relevant to the entire metastatic process and to tumour recurrence and treatment failure. Nevertheless, doubts persist regarding the role of EMT in malignant progression in vivo, partly because few studies have correlated molecular and histological alterations in clinical pathology specimens. In the current review we summarize the evidence for EMT in the common gynaecological epithelial malignancies, and discuss the morphological and immunohistochemical changes occurring at the invasive tumour front that may represent EMT-like processes. The possibility that carcinosarcomas represent a variant type of EMT with 'fixed' mesenchymal differentiation is also considered. Diagnostic histopathologists are ideally placed to critically evaluate the role of EMT in gynaecological and other types of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J R Stewart
- Departments of Histopathology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia.
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