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Bürvenich L, Rössler OG, Thiel G. Stimulus-Induced Activation of the Glycoprotein Hormone α-Subunit Promoter in Human Placental Choriocarcinoma Cells: Major Role of a tandem cAMP Response Element. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3218-3235. [PMID: 38666932 PMCID: PMC11049346 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein hormones LH, FSH, TSH and chorionic gonadotropin consist of a common α-subunit and a hormone-specific β-subunit. The α-subunit is expressed in the pituitary and the placental cells, and its expression is regulated by extracellular signal molecules. Much is known about the regulation of the α-subunit gene in the pituitary, but few studies have addressed the regulation of this gene in trophoblasts. The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanism of stimulus-induced α-subunit gene transcription in JEG-3 cells, a cellular model for human trophoblasts, using chromatin-embedded reporter genes under the control of the α-subunit promoter. The results show that increasing the concentration of the second messengers cAMP or Ca2+, or expressing the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the nucleus activated the α-subunit promoter. Similarly, the stimulation of p38 protein kinase activated the α-subunit promoter, linking α-subunit expression to stress response. The stimulation of a Gαq-coupled designer receptor activated the α-subunit promoter, involving the transcription factor CREB, linking α-subunit expression to hormonal stimulation and an increase in intracellular Ca2+. Deletion mutagenesis underscores the importance of a tandem cAMP response element within the glycoprotein hormone α-subunit promoter, which acts as a point of convergence for a multiple signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerald Thiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Building 44, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (L.B.); (O.G.R.)
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Radnaa E, Richardson L, Goldman B, Burks J, Baljinnyam T, Vora N, Zhang HJ, Bonney E, Han A, Menon R. Stress signaler p38 mitogen-activated kinase activation: a cause for concern? Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1591-1614. [PMID: 36250628 PMCID: PMC9664350 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) and cell fate from p38 signaling was tested using the human fetal membrane's amnion epithelial cells (AEC). We created p38 KO AEC using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach and tested cell fate in response to OS on an AEC-free fetal membrane extracellular matrix (ECM). Screening using image CyTOF indicated OS causing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further testing revealed p38 deficiency prevented AEC senescence, EMT, cell migration, and inflammation. To functionally validate in vitro findings, fetal membrane-specific conditional KO (cKO) mice were developed by injecting Cre-recombinase encoded exosomes intra-amniotically into p38αloxP/loxP mice. Amnion membranes from p38 cKO mice had reduced senescence, EMT, and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 compared with WT animals. Our study suggested that overwhelming activation of p38 in response to OS inducing risk exposures can have an adverse impact on cells, cause cell invasion, inflammation, and ECM degradation detrimental to tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Lauren Richardson
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Brett Goldman
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Jared K. Burks
- Flow Cytometry and Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, U.S.A. 77030
| | - Tuvshintugs Baljinnyam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A. 77555
| | - Natasha Vora
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Hui-juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 200030
| | - Elizabeth A. Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, U.S.A. 05405ghout all figures, the following notations were
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A. 77843
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
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Osteogenic growth peptide enhances osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09936. [PMID: 35874053 PMCID: PMC9304736 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering consists of three major components namely cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules to improve bone regeneration. These integrated principles can be applied in patients suffered from bone resorption diseases, such as osteoporosis and periodontitis. Osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) is a fourteen-amino acid sequence peptide that has the potential to regenerate bone tissues. This study aimed to disseminate the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) with OGP treatment. OGP was elaborated for proliferation, cytotoxicity, osteogenic differentiation effects, and the involvement of osteogenic related signaling pathways in vitro. This study found that OGP at lower concentration shows better effects on cytotoxicity and proliferation. Moreover, OGP at concentration 0.01 nM had the most potential to differentiate hPDLSCs toward osteogenic lineage comparing with higher concentrations of OGP. The phenomenon was mainly involving transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Hedgehog, and Wingless-related (Wnt) pathways. Further, SB-431542 treatment demonstrated the partial involvement of OGP in regulating osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. In conclusion, OGP at low concentration enhances osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by governing TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Makani VKK, Mendonza JJ, Edathara PM, Yerramsetty S, Pal Bhadra M. BORIS/CTCFL expression activates the TGFβ signaling cascade and induces Drp1 mediated mitochondrial fission in neuroblastoma. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:62-72. [PMID: 34534628 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cancer-testis antigen CTCFL/BORIS (Brother of Regulator of Imprinted Sites) also known, as a paralog of CTCF -the "master weaver of the genome" is a key transcriptional regulator. Both CTCF and BORIS can bind to the same promoter sequence and recruit diverse proteins. BORIS is also known to be associated with actively translating ribosomes suggesting new roles of BORIS in gene expression. Various studies have attempted to elucidate the role of BORIS in different cell types for the development of targeted therapy depending on molecular signatures and genetic aberrations associated with the disease type. The current study is focused on its role in neuroblastoma. Here, we have deciphered the role of BORIS on TGFβ1 pathway which is highly affected by embryonic CTCFL expression. BORIS stabilized the SMAD3 and SMAD4 transcripts leading to prolonged TGFβ activation. Further, loss of BORIS abrogated both the canonical and non-canonical TGFβ signaling suggesting the dependency of TGFβ on BORIS. The effect on the metabolic profile of the neuroblastoma cells were analyzed with change in BORIS expression levels. Also, ectopic expression of BORIS leads to Drp1 phosphorylation (Ser616) enhancing mitochondrial fission followed by a switch in cellular metabolism towards glycolysis. This cellular metabolism switch was in turn supported with a reduction in oxygen consumption rate upon BORIS expression. Interestingly methylome analysis revealed patterns of global histone methylation, a mechanism that regulate important signaling pathways in neuroblastoma. This study analyzes the consequence of BORIS expression in neuroblastoma cells and thereby elucidate its downstream targets, which could help in designing effective therapeutic for treating neuroblastoma. Similar results were obtained in both MYCN amplified and non-MYCN neuroblastoma cell lines, indicating a common mechanism of BORIS/CTCFL action in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Krishna Kanth Makani
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 50007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Jolly Janette Mendonza
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 50007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Prajitha Mohandas Edathara
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 50007, India
| | - Suresh Yerramsetty
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 50007, India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 50007, India.
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Chen S, Zhang J, Shen M, Han X, Li S, Hu C, Wang W, Li L, Du L, Pang D, Tao K, Jin A. p38 inhibition enhances TCR-T cell function and antagonizes the immunosuppressive activity of TGF-β. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107848. [PMID: 34126342 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) relies on the abilities of T cells in self-expansion, survival and the secretion of effector molecules. Here, we presented an optimized method to generate T cells with improved functions by supplementing the culture medium with p38 inhibitor and the combination of IL-7 and IL-15 or IL-2 alone. The addition of p38 inhibitor, Doramapimod or SB202190, to IL-7 and IL-15 culture largely increased the capacity of T cells in the proliferation with enrichment of the naïve-like subsets and expression of CD62L. Importantly, we found this regimen has generated complete T cell resistance to TGF-β-induced functional suppression, with sustained levels of the IFN-γ and Granzyme-B productions. Such findings were also validated in the melanoma-associated antigen recognized by T cells (MART-1) specific T cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells, which were expanded in Doramapimod and IL-7 + IL-15 added media. In conclusion, we have established and optimized a protocol with the combination of p38 inhibitor, IL-7 and IL-15, rather than IL-2, for the generation of functionally enhanced T cells applicable for ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyin Chen
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Meiying Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaojian Han
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Luo Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Du
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Kun Tao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Aishun Jin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Lu Y, Li X, Zuo Y, Xu Q, Liu L, Wu H, Chen L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li Y. miR-373-3p inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulation of TGFβR2 in choriocarcinoma. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2417-2432. [PMID: 33955122 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previous studies have indicated that early metastasis is a major cause of mortality in patients with choriocarcinoma. However, what determines whether early metastasis of choriocarcinoma has occurred is unknown. The emerging role of miRNA in regulating cancer development and progression has been recognized. miR-373 has been shown to play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, whether miR-373 functions to promote choriocarcinoma metastasis is not clear. The purpose of this study is to determine the function of miR-373-3p in the progression of this cancer. METHODS In this study, we first compared epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, which were inversely correlated with miR-373-3p expression in trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cell lines. Using PCR and Western blot, upregulation of miR-373-3p was observed to inhibit EMT progression. Similarly, gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that ectopic miR-373-3p overexpression inhibited the migration by transwell methods of choriocarcinoma cells. RESULTS Our results revealed that miR-373-3p acted as an EMT inhibitor in JEG-3 and JAR cells; this was due to its mediation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway, which was responsible for EMT. miRNA microarray analysis demonstrated that miR-373-3p interacted with the 3' untranslated region of TGFβR2 mRNA, and then Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays verified this interaction. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that miR-373-3p upregulation partly accounts for TGFβR2 downregulation and leads to a restraint of EMT and migration. miR-373-3p may therefore serve as a valuable potential target in the treatment of choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China.,Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoru Li
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yanzhen Zuo
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Haiying Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China.,Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
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Walker M, Luo J, Pringle EW, Cantini M. ChondroGELesis: Hydrogels to harness the chondrogenic potential of stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111822. [PMID: 33579465 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a highly complex microenvironment, whose various components converge to regulate cell fate. Hydrogels, as water-swollen polymer networks composed by synthetic or natural materials, are ideal candidates to create biologically active substrates that mimic these matrices and target cell behaviour for a desired tissue engineering application. Indeed, the ability to tune their mechanical, structural, and biochemical properties provides a framework to recapitulate native tissues. This review explores how hydrogels have been engineered to harness the chondrogenic response of stem cells for the repair of damaged cartilage tissue. The signalling processes involved in hydrogel-driven chondrogenesis are also discussed, identifying critical pathways that should be taken into account during hydrogel design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Walker
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Eonan William Pringle
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK.
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Baumgartner L, Wuertz-Kozak K, Le Maitre CL, Wignall F, Richardson SM, Hoyland J, Ruiz Wills C, González Ballester MA, Neidlin M, Alexopoulos LG, Noailly J. Multiscale Regulation of the Intervertebral Disc: Achievements in Experimental, In Silico, and Regenerative Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E703. [PMID: 33445782 PMCID: PMC7828304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major risk factor of low back pain. It is defined by a progressive loss of the IVD structure and functionality, leading to severe impairments with restricted treatment options due to the highly demanding mechanical exposure of the IVD. Degenerative changes in the IVD usually increase with age but at an accelerated rate in some individuals. To understand the initiation and progression of this disease, it is crucial to identify key top-down and bottom-up regulations' processes, across the cell, tissue, and organ levels, in health and disease. Owing to unremitting investigation of experimental research, the comprehension of detailed cell signaling pathways and their effect on matrix turnover significantly rose. Likewise, in silico research substantially contributed to a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal effects and complex, multifactorial interactions within the IVD. Together with important achievements in the research of biomaterials, manifold promising approaches for regenerative treatment options were presented over the last years. This review provides an integrative analysis of the current knowledge about (1) the multiscale function and regulation of the IVD in health and disease, (2) the possible regenerative strategies, and (3) the in silico models that shall eventually support the development of advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baumgartner
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
- Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (Austria), 81547 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Francis Wignall
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Judith Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Carlos Ruiz Wills
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
| | - Miguel A. González Ballester
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Neidlin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.N.); (L.G.A.)
| | - Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.N.); (L.G.A.)
| | - Jérôme Noailly
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
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9
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Zuo Y, Lu Y, Xu Q, Sun D, Liang X, Li X, Li Y. Inhibitory effect of dihydromyricetin on the proliferation of JAR cells and its mechanism of action. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:357-363. [PMID: 32565961 PMCID: PMC7286138 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a novel natural drug with antitumor activity against some cancer cells without obvious toxicity. Previously, its apoptotic effect on human choriocarcinoma was detected. The present study further investigated the therapeutic potential of DMY as a new drug for the treatment of choriocarcinoma, as well as its anti-proliferative effect and mechanism of action. The short-term proliferation of JAR cells was determined by MTT assay, whereas the effect of DMY on long-term cell proliferation was determined by colony forming assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in the cell cycle. Furthermore, western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of proliferation-associated proteins such as cyclin A1, cyclin D1, SMAD3 and SMAD4. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to quantify mRNA expression levels. The results indicated that DMY inhibited short and long-term proliferation of JAR cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometry demonstrated S/G2/M cell cycle arrest, and western blotting revealed the downregulation of SMAD3, SMAD4, cyclin A1 and cyclin D1 expression levels. The results of RT-qPCR and western blotting were consistent. Overall, the findings of the present study suggest that DMY inhibits the proliferation of human choriocarcinoma JAR cells, potentially through cell cycle arrest via the downregulation of cyclin A1, cyclin D1, SMAD3 and SMAD4 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Dayong Sun
- Department of Tumor Radiation and Chemotherapy Center, Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xiujun Liang
- Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoru Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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10
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Ewendt F, Föller M. p38MAPK controls fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) synthesis in UMR106-osteoblast-like cells and in IDG-SW3 osteocytes. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1477-1483. [PMID: 31201665 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) is a serine/threonine kinase activated by cellular stress stimuli including radiation, osmotic shock, and inflammation and influencing apoptosis, cell proliferation, and autophagy. Moreover, p38MAPK induces transcriptional activity of the transcription factor complex NFκB mediating multiple pro-inflammatory cellular responses. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is produced by bone cells, and regulates renal phosphate and vitamin D metabolism as a hormone. FGF23 expression is enhanced by NFκB. Here, we analyzed the relevance of p38MAPK activity for the production of FGF23. METHODS Fgf23 expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR and FGF23 protein by ELISA in UMR106 osteoblast-like cells and in IDG-SW3 osteocytes. RESULTS Inhibition of p38MAPK with SB203580 or SB202190 significantly down-regulated Fgf23 expression and FGF23 protein expression. Conversely, p38MAPK activator anisomycin increased the abundance of Fgf23 mRNA. NFκB inhibitors wogonin and withaferin A abrogated the stimulatory effect of anisomycin on Fgf23 gene expression. CONCLUSION p38MAPK induces FGF23 formation, an effect at least in part dependent on NFκB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ewendt
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M Föller
- Institute of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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11
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The wonders of BMP9: From mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism to regenerative medicine. Genes Dis 2019; 6:201-223. [PMID: 32042861 PMCID: PMC6997590 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) initially showed effective induction of ectopic bone growth in muscle, it has since been determined that these proteins, as members of the TGF-β superfamily, play a diverse and critical array of biological roles. These roles include regulating skeletal and bone formation, angiogenesis, and development and homeostasis of multiple organ systems. Disruptions of the members of the TGF-β/BMP superfamily result in severe skeletal and extra-skeletal irregularities, suggesting high therapeutic potential from understanding this family of BMP proteins. Although it was once one of the least characterized BMPs, BMP9 has revealed itself to have the highest osteogenic potential across numerous experiments both in vitro and in vivo, with recent studies suggesting that the exceptional potency of BMP9 may result from unique signaling pathways that differentiate it from other BMPs. The effectiveness of BMP9 in inducing bone formation was recently revealed in promising experiments that demonstrated efficacy in the repair of critical sized cranial defects as well as compatibility with bone-inducing bio-implants, revealing the great translational promise of BMP9. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that, besides its osteogenic activity, BMP9 exerts a broad range of biological functions, including stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metabolism. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of BMP9 across biology and the body.
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12
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Asifullah K, Zhou Z, He W, Gao K, Khan MW, Faisal R, Muhammad H, Sun M. CXCR4-Receptor-Targeted Liposomes for the Treatment of Peritoneal Fibrosis. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2728-2741. [PMID: 31070930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a common complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). It is considered as the main reason for dialysis inadequacy and PD withdrawal. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) regulates the expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1α) and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) on human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), resulting in an increased migratory potential of HPMCs and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the scar tissue and eventually fibrosis. Because SDF-1α/CXCR4 activation has a vital role in the pathogenesis of PF, codelivery of a CXCR4-receptor targeting agent with an antifibrotic agent in a single nanocarrier can be a promising strategy for treating PF. Here, for the first time, AMD3100 (AMD), a CXCR4-receptor antagonist, was coformulated with sulfotanshinone IIA sodium (STS IIA) into a liposome (STS-AMD-Lips) to develop a CXCR4 receptor targeting form of combination therapy for PF. CXCR4 targeting increased the ability of liposomes to target fibrotic peritoneal mesothelial cells overexpressing CXCR4 and facilitated the ability of STS IIA treatment at the fibrotic site. The liposome had an average diameter of 103 nm with encapsulated efficiencies of above 50%. The in vivo studies confirmed the reversal of PD solution-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by STS-AMD-Lips in HPMCs. The in vivo studies also revealed the precise biodistribution of the liposomes to peritoneum. Significant reduction of the morphological lesions and decreased level of ECM proteins were observed in rats treated with STS-AMD-Lips, proving that the liposomal nanocarrier has excellent ability to reverse PF. It has been concluded that the STS-AMD-Lips exhibit specific peritoneal targeting ability and could be used to improve STS-AMD combination delivery for the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Asifullah
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Zhanwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Weiming He
- Division of Nephrology , Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210029 , China
| | - Kun Gao
- Division of Nephrology , Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210029 , China
| | - Muhammad Waseem Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430030 , China
| | - Raza Faisal
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Hasnat Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutics , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , China
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13
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Zuo Y, Xu Q, Lu Y, Sun D, Wang K, Lei Y, Liang X, Li Y. Dihydromyricetin induces apoptosis in a human choriocarcinoma cell line. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4229-4234. [PMID: 30214558 PMCID: PMC6126223 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Choriocarcinoma is a malignant trophoblastic tumor. The development of novel drugs is required to reduce the toxicity of current multi-agent chemotherapy and to successfully treat chemoresistant cases of the disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of dihydromyricetin (DMY) on the human choriocarcinoma cell line, JAr, to identify a novel drug for the treatment of choriocarcinoma. An MTT assay was performed to determine the effects of DMY at different concentrations and for different exposure durations. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assays were performed to detect apoptosis, and western blotting was utilized to investigate the underlying mechanism. The results revealed that DMY significantly inhibited JAr cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The flow cytometry and TUNEL assays demonstrated that DMY inhibited proliferation by inducing apoptosis. Further analysis by western blotting indicated that the protein expression level of BCL-2 associated X, associated protein increased, while the protein expression levels of BCL-2 and pro-caspase-3 decreased. These findings suggest that DMY induced apoptosis in human choriocarcinoma JAr cells, through a mitochondrially mediated apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Dayong Sun
- Department of Tumor Radiation and Chemotherapy Center, The Chengde Central Hospital, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yuntao Lei
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xiujun Liang
- Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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14
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Wu C, Kan H, Hu M, Liu X, Boye A, Jiang Y, Wu J, Wang J, Yang X, Yang Y. Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis via modulating TGF-β/TβR and Imp7/8. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1052-1060. [PMID: 30112050 PMCID: PMC6090435 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (CASE) is a Chinese herbal formula consisting of astragalosides, astragalus polysaccharide and salvianolic acids extracted from Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorhiza. Previous studies by our group have demonstrated that CASE effectively suppresses diethylinitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats via modulating transforming growth factor β/Mothers against decapentaplegic (TGFβ/Smad) signaling. To further elucidate the mechanism of CASE, the effects of CASE on TGF-β1, the serine/threonine kinase receptors of TGF-β [TGF-β receptor type-I (TβRI) and TβRII] and karyopherins [Importin 7 (Imp7) and Imp8], which are crucial for TGF-β/Smad signaling in fibro-hepatocarcinogenesis, were assessed in the present study using in vivo (DEN-induced HCC in rats) and in vitro [TGF-β1-stimulated rat myofibroblasts (MFBs) and HepG2 cells] models of fibro-hepatocarcinogenesis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that CASE may suppress inflammatory reactions and fibrosis in HCC as well as increasing the differentiation of HCC cells. Positive TGF-β1 staining was increased in HCC nodule areas and in adjacent normal liver tissues in DEN-treated rats, while TβRI staining was increased only in normal adjacent liver tissues. The elevated expression of TGF-β1, TβRI and TβRII was suppressed by CASE. CASE treatment also reduced glutathione S-transferase P 1 and Imp7/8 protein expression in fibro-hepatocarcinogenesis. In vitro experiments confirmed that CASE was able to decrease the expression of TβRI and TβRII in TGF-β1-stimulated MFBs and HepG2 cells. These results indicate that the anti-HCC effect of CASE may be achieved by mediating TGF-β/TβR and Imp7/8 protein expression, suggesting that CASE has multiple targets in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Kan
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Therapeutics Research Centre, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Alex Boye
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jiyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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15
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Kojonazarov B, Novoyatleva T, Boehm M, Happe C, Sibinska Z, Tian X, Sajjad A, Luitel H, Kriechling P, Posern G, Evans SM, Grimminger F, Ghofrani HA, Weissmann N, Bogaard HJ, Seeger W, Schermuly RT. p38 MAPK Inhibition Improves Heart Function in Pressure-Loaded Right Ventricular Hypertrophy. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:603-614. [PMID: 28657795 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0374oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is known to have a role in ischemic heart disease and many other diseases, its contribution to the pathobiology of right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and failure is unclear. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of p38 MAPK in the pathophysiology of pressure overload-induced RV hypertrophy and failure. The effects of the p38 MAPK inhibitor PH797804 were investigated in mice with RV hypertrophy/failure caused by exposure to hypoxia or pulmonary artery banding. In addition, the effects of p38 MAPK inhibition or depletion (by small interfering RNA) were studied in isolated mouse RV fibroblasts. Echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, immunohistochemistry, collagen assays, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting were performed. Expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK was markedly increased in mouse and human hypertrophied/failed RVs. In mice, PH797804 improved RV function and inhibited cardiac fibrosis compared with placebo. In isolated RV fibroblasts, p38 MAPK inhibition reduced transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced collagen production as well as stress fiber formation. Moreover, p38 MAPK inhibition/depletion suppressed TGF-β-induced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) nuclear translocation, and prevented TGF-β-induced cardiac fibroblast transdifferentiation. Moreover, p38 MAPK inhibition in mice exposed to pulmonary artery banding led to diminished nuclear levels of MRTF-A and phosphorylated SMAD3 in RV fibroblasts. Together, our data indicate that p38 MAPK inhibition significantly improves RV function and inhibits RV fibrosis. Inhibition of p38 MAPK in RV cardiac fibroblasts, resulting in coordinated attenuation of MRTF-A cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation and SMAD3 deactivation, indicates that p38 MAPK signaling contributes to distinct disease-causing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baktybek Kojonazarov
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mario Boehm
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Chris Happe
- 2 VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zaneta Sibinska
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Xia Tian
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Amna Sajjad
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Himal Luitel
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kriechling
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guido Posern
- 3 Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Steven M Evans
- 4 Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossein A Ghofrani
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Harm J Bogaard
- 2 VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Werner Seeger
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,5 Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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16
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Lü G, Li J, Zhang C, Li L, Bi X, Li C, Fan J, Lu X, Vuitton DA, Wen H, Lin R. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a P38-Like Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase from Echinococcus granulosus. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2016; 54:759-768. [PMID: 28095661 PMCID: PMC5266364 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.6.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) treatment urgently requires a novel drug. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of Ser/Thr protein kinases, but still have to be characterized in Echinococcus granulosus. We identified a 1,107 bp cDNA encoding a 368 amino acid MAPK protein (Egp38) in E. granulosus. Egp38 exhibits 2 distinguishing features of p38-like kinases: a highly conserved T-X-Y motif and an activation loop segment. Structural homology modeling indicated a conserved structure among Egp38, EmMPK2, and H. sapiens p38α, implying a common binding mechanism for the ligand domain and downstream signal transduction processing similar to that described for p38α. Egp38 and its phosphorylated form are expressed in the E. granulosus larval stages vesicle and protoscolices during intermediate host infection of an intermediate host. Treatment of in vitro cultivated protoscolices with the p38-MAPK inhibitor ML3403 effectively suppressed Egp38 activity and led to significant protoscolices death within 5 days. Treatment of in vitro-cultivated protoscolices with TGF-β1 effectively induced Egp38 phosphorylation. In summary, the MAPK, Egp38, was identified in E. granulosus, as an anti-CE drug target and participates in the interplay between the host and E. granulosus via human TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Lü
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, P. R. China.,College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chuanshan Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Bi
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, P. R. China
| | - Chaowang Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Fan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, P. R. China
| | - Dominique A Vuitton
- WHO-Collaborating Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Department of Parasitology, University of Franche-Comté (EA 3181) and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Hao Wen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, P. R. China
| | - Renyong Lin
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, P. R. China
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17
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Zhang C, Lu Y, Li Q, Mao J, Hou Z, Yu X, Fan S, Li J, Gao T, Yan B, Wang B, Song B, Li L. Salinomycin suppresses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 248:74-81. [PMID: 26896736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the major cause of breast cancer to initiate invasion and metastasis. Salinomycin (Sal) has been found as an effective chemical compound to kill breast cancer stem cells. However, the effect of Sal on invasion and metastasis of breast cancer is unclear. In the present study, we showed that Sal reversed transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induced invasion and metastasis accompanied with down-regulation of MMP-2 by experiments on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Sal was able to inhibit TGF-β1-induced EMT phenotypic transition and the activation of key signaling molecules involved in Smad (p-Smad2/3,Snail1) and non-Smad (β-catenin, p-p38 MAPK) signals which cooperatively regulate the induction of EMT. Importantly, in a series of breast cancer specimens, we found strong correlation among E-cadherin expression, β-catenin expression, and the lymph node metastatic potential of breast cancer. Our research suggests that Sal is promised to be a chemotherapeutic drug by suppressing the metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jun Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Zhenhuan Hou
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaotang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Shujun Fan
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jiazhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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18
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Chen C, Xue Y, Zhang D, Xu W, Xu H, Yao H, Pei D, Gu Y. Short hairpin RNA silencing of TGF-βRII and FZD-7 synergistically suppresses proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2039-2046. [PMID: 26998118 PMCID: PMC4774445 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional regulator of cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation and migration. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases, including numerous cancers and degenerative disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate if simultaneous blocking of TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways exerts synergistic anti-tumor effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Short hairpin (sh) RNA eukaryotic expression vectors, specific to TGF-β receptor II (RII) and Frizzled receptor (FZD)-7, were constructed by gene recombination. The expression vectors were transfected into human HCC HepG2 and Huh-7 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 to investigate the synergistic effects between TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways on HCC cell proliferation, invasion and migration and the cell-cycle distribution. Western blot analysis was used to identify the expression of β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 in transfected cells to investigate the underlying mechanisms that cause TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HCC cells. shTGF-βRII-c and shFZD-7-2 were selected as the most efficient plasmids. A cell growth assay and colony-forming assay consistently demonstrated that the proliferative activity of the co-transfected group was significantly decreased compared to the single-transfected group. A wound healing invasion and migration assay demonstrated that co-transfection of shTGF-βRII-c and shFZD-7-2 decreased the invasion and migration abilities of the cells compared with either single-transfected group. In addition, the present study demonstrated that the observed reduction in cell proliferation was due to the cells arresting at the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and the downregulation of β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 impaired the proliferative and invasive abilities of the HCC cells. The present results demonstrate that simultaneous blocking of TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling by targeting TGF-βRII and FZD-7 may inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells more effectively compared with blocking either the TGF-β or Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yuyang Xue
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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19
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Li Y, Rouhi O, Chen H, Ramirez R, Borgia JA, Deng Y. RNA-Seq and Network Analysis Revealed Interacting Pathways in TGF-β-Treated Lung Cancer Cell Lines. Cancer Inform 2015; 13:129-40. [PMID: 25991908 PMCID: PMC4384765 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a useful tool for analyzing the transcriptome of a biological sample. With appropriate statistical and bioinformatic processing, this platform is capable of identifying significant differences in gene expression within the transcriptome and permits pathway and network analyses to determine how these genes interact biologically. In this study, we examined gene expression in two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (H358 and A459) that were treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as a model for induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), commonly associated with disease progression. We performed this study in order to illustrate a workflow for identifying interesting genes and processes that are regulated early in EMT and to determine their gene pathway/network relationships and regulation. With this, we identified 137 upregulated and 32 downregulated genes common to both cell lines after TGF-β treatment that represent components of multiple canonical pathways and biological networks associated with the induction of EMT. These findings were also verified against reposited Affymetrix U133a expression profiles from multiple trials examining metastatic progression in patient cohorts (n = 731 total) to further establish the clinical relevance and translational significance of the model system. Together, these findings help validate the relevance of the TGF-β model for the study of EMT and provide new insights into early events in EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Omid Rouhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hankui Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rolando Ramirez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Borgia
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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