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Chiu TJ, Chen CH, Chen YJ, Wee Y, Wang CS, Luo SD. Prognosis of Midkine and AT1R expression in resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:212. [PMID: 37743493 PMCID: PMC10518915 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research studies have demonstrated that Midkine (MDK) can influence the expression and activity of Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components. Angiotensin II is involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis in different cancers. We previously observed Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) improve the survival rates of patients with oral cancers. These findings have prompted us to investigate whether MDK can influence the RAS pathway, mainly through its association with angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), which contributes to the observed poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. METHODS MDK and AT1R expressions were examined in 150 HNSCC patients post-operation by immunohistochemical staining between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016. We tested the over-expression and silencing of MDK to evaluate the AT1R expression and functional biological assays in HNSCC cell lines HSC-3 and SAS. RESULTS Positive expression of MDK is correlated with positive AT1R expression. MDK predicted poor NSCC patients' survival. Silencing MDK could suppress AT1R and pAKT expression and reduce the growth, migration, and invasion of HNSCC cells. ARB also inhibits MDK stimulating HNSCC cell proliferation. Overexpression of MDK could upregulate AT1R and pAKT. CONCLUSIONS MDK is an independent prognostic factor of HNSCC post-operation, and AT1R regulates HNSCC cell growth, invasion, and migration. Positive MDK and AT1R expressions are highly correlated. Mechanistically, the interaction between MDK and AT1R is crucial for MDK-mediated cell viability, and inhibiting AT1R can effectively counteract or abolish these effects. Furthermore, MDK exerts a regulatory role in the expression of AT1R, as well as in the growth and motility of HNSCC cells. These findings highlight the involvement of the interaction between MDK, AT1R, and the pAkt signaling pathways in HNSCC cell viability growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Jan Chiu
- Department of Hematology‑Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Kaohsiung Cancer Prevention and Screening Center, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Yinshen Wee
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ching-Shuen Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Dean Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
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Fooladi M, Shirazi A, Sheikhzadeh P, Amirrashedi M, Ghahramani F, Cheki M, Khoobi M. Investigating the attenuating effect of telmisartan against radiation-induced intestinal injury using 18F-FDG micro-PET imaging. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:446-458. [PMID: 35930426 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the ability of 18F-Fluro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG)-based micro-positron emission tomography (microPET) imaging to evaluate the efficacy of telmisartan, a highly selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARA), in intestinal tissue recovery process after in vivo irradiation. METHODS Male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups of control, telmisartan, irradiation, and telmisartan + irradiation. A solution of telmisartan in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered orally at 12 mg/kg body weight for seven consecutive days prior to whole body exposing to a single sub-lethal dose of 5 Gy X-rays. The mice were imaged using 18F-FDG microPET at 9 and 30 days post-irradiation. The 18F-FDG uptake in jejunum was determined according to the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) index. Tissues were also processed in similar time points for histological analysis. RESULTS The 18F-FDG microPET imaging confirmed the efficacy of telmisartan as a potent attenuating agent for ionizing radiation-induced injury of intestine in mice model. The results were also in line with the histological analysis indicating that pretreatment with telmisartan reduced damage to the villi, crypts, and intestinal mucosa compared with irradiated and non-treated group from day 9 to 30 after irradiation. CONCLUSION The results revealed that 18F-FDG microPET imaging could be a good candidate to replace time-consuming and invasive biological techniques for screening of radioprotective agents. These findings were also confirmed by histological examinations which indicated that telmisartan can effectively attenuates radiation injury caused by ionizing-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Fooladi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Amirrashedi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghahramani
- Radiotherapy-Oncology Center, Yas Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Biomaterials Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nimma R, Kalvala AK, Patel N, Surapaneni SK, Sun L, Singh R, Nottingham E, Bagde A, Kommineni N, Arthur P, Nathani A, Meckes DG, Singh M. Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling to Unravel Osimertinib, CARP-1 Functional Mimetic (CFM 4.17) Formulation and Telmisartan Combo Treatment in NSCLC Tumor Xenografts. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061156. [PMID: 35745729 PMCID: PMC9230742 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in many non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), necessitating the use of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as first-line treatments. Osimertinib (OSM), a third-generation TKI, is routinely used in clinics, but T790M mutations in exon 20 of the EGFR receptor lead to resistance against OSM, necessitating the development of more effective therapeutics. Telmisartan (TLM), OSM, and cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein 1 (CARP-1) functional mimetic treatments (CFM4.17) were evaluated in this study against experimental H1975 tumor xenografts to ascertain their anti-cancer effects. Briefly, tumor growth was studied in H1975 xenografts in athymic nude mice, gene and protein expressions were analyzed using next-generation RNA sequencing, proteomics, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. TLM pre-treatment significantly reduced the tumor burden when combined with CFM-4.17 nanoformulation and OSM combination (TLM_CFM-F_OSM) than their respective single treatments or combination of OSM and TLM with CFM 4.17. Data from RNA sequencing and proteomics revealed that TLM_CFM-F_OSM decreased the expression of Lamin B2, STAT3, SOD, NFKB, MMP-1, TGF beta, Sox-2, and PD-L1 proteins while increasing the expression of AMPK proteins, which was also confirmed by RT-PCR, proteomics, and Western blotting. According to our findings, the TLM_CFM-F_OSM combination has a superior anti-cancer effect in the treatment of NSCLC by affecting multiple resistant markers that regulate mitochondrial homeostasis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Nimma
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (R.N.); (A.K.K.); (N.P.); (S.K.S.); (E.N.); (A.B.); (N.K.); (P.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Anil Kumar Kalvala
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (R.N.); (A.K.K.); (N.P.); (S.K.S.); (E.N.); (A.B.); (N.K.); (P.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Nilkumar Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (R.N.); (A.K.K.); (N.P.); (S.K.S.); (E.N.); (A.B.); (N.K.); (P.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Sunil Kumar Surapaneni
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (R.N.); (A.K.K.); (N.P.); (S.K.S.); (E.N.); (A.B.); (N.K.); (P.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (L.S.); (D.G.M.J.)
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Translational Science Laboratory, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Ebony Nottingham
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (R.N.); (A.K.K.); (N.P.); (S.K.S.); (E.N.); (A.B.); (N.K.); (P.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Arvind Bagde
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (R.N.); (A.K.K.); (N.P.); (S.K.S.); (E.N.); (A.B.); (N.K.); (P.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Nagavendra Kommineni
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (R.N.); (A.K.K.); (N.P.); (S.K.S.); (E.N.); (A.B.); (N.K.); (P.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Peggy Arthur
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (R.N.); (A.K.K.); (N.P.); (S.K.S.); (E.N.); (A.B.); (N.K.); (P.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Aakash Nathani
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (R.N.); (A.K.K.); (N.P.); (S.K.S.); (E.N.); (A.B.); (N.K.); (P.A.); (A.N.)
| | - David G. Meckes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (L.S.); (D.G.M.J.)
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (R.N.); (A.K.K.); (N.P.); (S.K.S.); (E.N.); (A.B.); (N.K.); (P.A.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-850-561-2790; Fax: +1-850-599-3813
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Kast RE, Alfieri A, Assi HI, Burns TC, Elyamany AM, Gonzalez-Cao M, Karpel-Massler G, Marosi C, Salacz ME, Sardi I, Van Vlierberghe P, Zaghloul MS, Halatsch ME. MDACT: A New Principle of Adjunctive Cancer Treatment Using Combinations of Multiple Repurposed Drugs, with an Example Regimen. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2563. [PMID: 35626167 PMCID: PMC9140192 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In part one of this two-part paper, we present eight principles that we believe must be considered for more effective treatment of the currently incurable cancers. These are addressed by multidrug adjunctive cancer treatment (MDACT), which uses multiple repurposed non-oncology drugs, not primarily to kill malignant cells, but rather to reduce the malignant cells' growth drives. Previous multidrug regimens have used MDACT principles, e.g., the CUSP9v3 glioblastoma treatment. MDACT is an amalgam of (1) the principle that to be effective in stopping a chain of events leading to an undesired outcome, one must break more than one link; (2) the principle of Palmer et al. of achieving fractional cancer cell killing via multiple drugs with independent mechanisms of action; (3) the principle of shaping versus decisive operations, both being required for successful cancer treatment; (4) an idea adapted from Chow et al., of using multiple cytotoxic medicines at low doses; (5) the idea behind CUSP9v3, using many non-oncology CNS-penetrant drugs from general medical practice, repurposed to block tumor survival paths; (6) the concept from chess that every move creates weaknesses and strengths; (7) the principle of mass-by adding force to a given effort, the chances of achieving the goal increase; and (8) the principle of blocking parallel signaling pathways. Part two gives an example MDACT regimen, gMDACT, which uses six repurposed drugs-celecoxib, dapsone, disulfiram, itraconazole, pyrimethamine, and telmisartan-to interfere with growth-driving elements common to cholangiocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, and non-small-cell lung cancer. gMDACT is another example of-not a replacement for-previous multidrug regimens already in clinical use, such as CUSP9v3. MDACT regimens are designed as adjuvants to be used with cytotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Alfieri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital of Winterthur, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland; (A.A.); (M.-E.H.)
| | - Hazem I. Assi
- Naef K. Basile Cancer Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1100, Lebanon;
| | - Terry C. Burns
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Ashraf M. Elyamany
- Oncology Unit, Hemato-Oncology Department, SECI Assiut University Egypt/King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 7790, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Cao
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, Dexeus University Hospital, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - Christine Marosi
- Clinical Division of Medical Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael E. Salacz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Iacopo Sardi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Mohamed S. Zaghloul
- Children’s Cancer Hospital & National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt;
| | - Marc-Eric Halatsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital of Winterthur, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland; (A.A.); (M.-E.H.)
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Khorsand M, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Razban V, Khajeh S, Zare R. Combinatorial effects of telmisartan and docetaxel on cell viability and metastatic gene expression in human prostate and breast cancer cells. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 11:11-20. [PMID: 35463822 PMCID: PMC9012430 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2022.42638.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a unique process resulting in enhanced cell motility, invasiveness, and metastasis in cancer. The EMT is regulated by several transcription factors, including Snail and Slug, which exert crucial roles during cancer progression. We have studied the effects of Docetaxel as the first-line chemotherapy agent for prostate cancer, and Telmisartan as an anti-hypertensive drug on the expression level of Snail and Slug. In addition, the effects of Docetaxel, Telmisartan and their combination on cancer cell proliferation were investigated. The PC3, DU145, MDA-MB468, and HEK cell lines were used for this study. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis and MTT assay were used to study the expression of Snail and Slug level and cell proliferative assay, respectively. We found that a combination of Docetaxel + Telmisartan effectively inhibits the cell proliferation in cancerous cells in comparison with each drug alone (P<0.05). Furthermore, in these cell lines, Docetaxel, Telmisartan and their combination significantly diminished the expression level of Snail and Slug genes compared to control cells (P<0.001), however, in the HEK cell line, this effect was seen only in the combination group. Our data imply that Telmisartan and its combination with Docetaxel exert strong inhibitory effects on the expression level of Snail and Slug genes. Also, these drugs and their combination could inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In conclusion, the combination of Telmisartan and Docetaxel has the potential to suppress the metastasis of prostate and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Khorsand
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,#Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour and Vahid Razban are both corresponding authors and have got the same contribution in this work,Corresponding Author: Biochemistry Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Tel:+98 71-32 303029 ; Fax: +98 71-32 303029 , E. mail:
| | - Vahid Razban
- Molecular Medicine Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,#Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour and Vahid Razban are both corresponding authors and have got the same contribution in this work
| | - Sahar Khajeh
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Zare
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Tsujiya Y, Hasegawa A, Yamamori M, Okamura N. Telmisartan-Induced Cytotoxicity via G 2/M Phase Arrest in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1878-1885. [PMID: 34853271 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer. Given that stage IV RCC is intractable, there is a need for a novel treatment strategy. We investigated the antitumor effects of telmisartan (TEL) and their underlying mechanisms in RCC, including their impact on apoptosis, Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, and the cell cycle using two human RCC cell lines: 786-O and Caki-2. Cell viability was detected via fluorescence-based assays. Cells were stained with Hoechst 33342 to observe chromatin condensation, and Western blotting was performed to analyze protein expression. The cell cycle was assessed using flow cytometry. Invasion and migration assays were performed using 24-well chambers. TEL induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner and increased the percentage of cells with high chromatin condensation and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in both cell lines. TEL-induced cell death was attenuated by neither peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ nor -δ inhibitors. Although TEL elevated c-Jun N-terminal kinase levels and p38 phosphorylation rates in Caki-2 cells, as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation rates in 786-O cells, their inhibitors did not suppress TEL-induced cell death. TEL decreased Akt phosphorylation in 786-O cells and mTOR phosphorylation in both cell lines, increased the population of cells in the G2/M phase, and altered G2/M-related proteins in both cell lines. TEL moderately suppressed cell invasion and migration in 786-O and Caki-2 cells, respectively, and increased cell invasion in Caki-2 cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic role of TEL in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Tsujiya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Ai Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Motohiro Yamamori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Noboru Okamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
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Cui Y, Chen F, Gao J, Lei M, Wang D, Jin X, Guo Y, Shan L, Chen X. Comprehensive landscape of the renin-angiotensin system in Pan-cancer: a potential downstream mediated mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3795-3817. [PMID: 34671200 PMCID: PMC8495399 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.53312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, utilizes the mechanism of binding to ACE2 (a crucial component of the renin-angiotensin system [RAS]), subsequently mediating a secondary imbalance of the RAS family and leading to severe injury to the host. However, very few studies have been conducted to reveal the mechanism behind the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on tumors. Methods: Demographic data extracted from 33 cancer types and over 10,000 samples were employed to determine the comprehensive landscape of the RAS. Expression distribution, pretranscriptional and posttranscriptional regulation and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) as well as genomic alterations, DNA methylation and m6A modification were analyzed in both tissue and cell lines. The clinical phenotype, prognostic value and significance of the RAS during immune infiltration were identified. Results: Low expression of AGTR1 was common in tumors compared to normal tissues, while very low expression of AGTR2 and MAS1 was detected in both tissues and cell lines. Differential expression patterns of ACE in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) were correlated with ubiquitin modification involving E3 ligases. Genomic alterations of the RAS family were infrequent across TCGA pan-cancer program, and ACE had the highest alteration frequency compared with other members. Low expression of AGTR1 may result from hypermethylation in the promoter. Downregulation of RAS family was linked to higher clinical stage and worse survival (as measured by disease-specific survival [DSS], overall survival [OS] or progression-free interval [PFI]), especially for ACE2 and AGTR1 in KIRC. ACE-AGTR1, a classical axis of the RAS family related to immune infiltration, was positively correlated with M2-type macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune checkpoint genes in most cancers. Conclusion: ACE, ACE2, AGT and AGTR1 were differentially expressed in 33 types of cancers. PTM of RAS family was found to rely on ubiquitination. ACE2 and AGTR1 might serve as independent prognostic factors for LGG and KIRC. SARS-CoV-2 might modify the tumor microenvironment by regulating the RAS family, thus affecting the biological processes of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cui
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fengzhi Chen
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiayi Gao
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mengxia Lei
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoying Jin
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Guo
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Liying Shan
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
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Carlos-Escalante JA, de Jesús-Sánchez M, Rivas-Castro A, Pichardo-Rojas PS, Arce C, Wegman-Ostrosky T. The Use of Antihypertensive Drugs as Coadjuvant Therapy in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:660943. [PMID: 34094953 PMCID: PMC8173186 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.660943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex group of diseases that constitute the second largest cause of mortality worldwide. The development of new drugs for treating this disease is a long and costly process, from the discovery of the molecule through testing in phase III clinical trials, a process during which most candidate molecules fail. The use of drugs currently employed for the management of other diseases (drug repurposing) represents an alternative for developing new medical treatments. Repurposing existing drugs is, in principle, cheaper and faster than developing new drugs. Antihypertensive drugs, primarily belonging to the pharmacological categories of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptors, direct aldosterone antagonists, β-blockers and calcium channel blockers, are commonly prescribed and have well-known safety profiles. Additionally, some of these drugs have exhibited pharmacological properties useful for the treatment of cancer, rendering them candidates for drug repurposing. In this review, we examine the preclinical and clinical evidence for utilizing antihypertensive agents in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Carlos-Escalante
- Plan de Estudios Combinados En Medicina (PECEM) (MD/PhD), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela de Jesús-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba-Córdoba, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Rivas-Castro
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Claudia Arce
- Medical Oncology/Breast Tumors, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Basic Research Subdirection, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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Angiotensin II enhances the proliferation of Natural Killer/T-cell lymphoma cells via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226501. [PMID: 32969473 PMCID: PMC7560539 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was to determine the roles of Angiotensin (Ang) II in the growth of lymphoma in nude mice and the proliferation and viability of the human Natural Killer/T (NK/T)-cell lymphoma cell line SNK-6, and the activation of downstream signaling pathway. Lymphoma samples and corresponding normal tissues were obtained from lymphoma patients. Proliferation of SNK-6 cells was detected by CCK8 or MTT assay. The levels of Ang II and its receptor Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) were higher in lymphoma tissues than those in control tissues. Ang II increased the lymphoma volume and size in nude mice, the proliferation and viability and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 levels of SNK-6 cells. Losartan, an antagonist of AT1R, reduced lymphoma volume and size in nude mice, and the proliferation and viability and the PCNA and Ki67 levels of SNK-6 cells. The levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) were increased by Ang II and then reduced by losartan in SNK-6 cells. The proliferation and viability of SNK-6 cells were increased by Ang II, but these increases were inhibited by PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and Akt inhibitor MK2206. The increases of PCNA and Ki67 induced by Ang II were inhibited by wortmannin or MK2206 in SNK-6 cells. These results indicate that Ang II/AT1R is activated in lymphoma, and Ang II promotes the progression of lymphoma in nude mice and the proliferation and viability of SNK-6 cells via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Ziaja M, Urbanek KA, Kowalska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Angiotensin II and Angiotensin Receptors 1 and 2-Multifunctional System in Cells Biology, What Do We Know? Cells 2021; 10:cells10020381. [PMID: 33673178 PMCID: PMC7917773 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For years, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been perceived as a system whose role is to primarily modulate the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Years of research into the role of RAS have provided the necessary data to confirm that the role of RAS is very complex and not limited to the cardiovascular system. The presence of individual elements of the renin-angiotensin (RA) system allows to control many processes, ranging from the memorization to pro-cancer processes. Maintaining the proportions between the individual axes of the RA system allows for achieving a balance, often called homeostasis. Thus, any disturbance in the expression or activity of individual RAS elements leads to pathophysiological processes.
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11
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Almutlaq M, Alamro AA, Alamri HS, Alghamdi AA, Barhoumi T. The Effect of Local Renin Angiotensin System in the Common Types of Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:736361. [PMID: 34539580 PMCID: PMC8446618 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.736361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) is a hormonal system that is responsible for blood pressure hemostasis and electrolyte balance. It is implicated in cancer hallmarks because it is expressed locally in almost all of the body's tissues. In this review, current knowledge on the effect of local RAS in the common types of cancer such as breast, lung, liver, prostate and skin cancer is summarised. The mechanisms by which RAS components could increase or decrease cancer activity are also discussed. In addition to the former, this review explores how the administration of AT1R blockers and ACE inhibitors drugs intervene with cancer therapy and contribute to the outcomes of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moudhi Almutlaq
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Moudhi Almutlaq, ; Tlili Barhoumi,
| | - Abir Abdullah Alamro
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan S. Alamri
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Ahmed Alghamdi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Moudhi Almutlaq, ; Tlili Barhoumi,
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12
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Martínez VR, Aguirre MV, Todaro JS, Ferrer EG, Williams PAM. Improvement of the Anticancer Activities of Telmisartan by Zn(II) Complexation and Mechanisms of Action. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:454-463. [PMID: 31863274 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-02013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To improve the anticancer activity of telmisartan, its structure has been modified by Zn(II) complexation giving [Zn(Telm)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (ZnTelm). The cytotoxic effect was measured on the human lung cancer cells (A549) and on the lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). The complex markedly improved anticancer activity (IC50 75 μM) of telmisartan (IC50 125 μM) or ZnSO4 (IC50 225 μM) and did not show toxicity on non-cancer cells, inducing oxidative stress with cellular ROS generation and GSH/GSSG decrease. Apoptosis was the dominant form of cell death for the complex. The Bax/Bcl-XL ratio was significantly increased as well as caspase-3 activation. Both the complex and the ligand bind to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and can be stored and transported by the protein but the interaction with the complex is greater. Telmisartan binds BSA by hydrophobic interactions while the interaction of ZnTelm occurs through van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. Therefore, it can be shown that the coordination complex ZnTelm improved the anticancer activity of the antihypertensive drug telmisartan (IC50 75 μM and 125 μM, respectively) and the interaction with BSA. Graphical Abstract Improvement of the anticancer activities of telmisartan by Zn(II) complexation and mechanisms of action. Intrinsic apoptotic pathway: induction ofoxidative stress and regulation of proteins related to apoptosis. The complex interacted with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and can be stored and transported by the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria R Martínez
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR-CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP), 120 N° 1465, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María V Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas. Facultad de Medicina. UNNE, Moreno 1240, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Juan S Todaro
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas. Facultad de Medicina. UNNE, Moreno 1240, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Evelina G Ferrer
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR-CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP), 120 N° 1465, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia A M Williams
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR-CONICET-CICPBA-UNLP), 120 N° 1465, La Plata, Argentina.
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13
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Afsar B, Afsar RE, Ertuglu LA, Kuwabara M, Ortiz A, Covic A, Kanbay M. Renin-angiotensin system and cancer: epidemiology, cell signaling, genetics and epigenetics. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:682-696. [PMID: 32930920 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Day by day, the health and economical burden of cancer increases globally. Indeed it can be considered that there is ''cancer pandemic''. Blocking the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) are widely used measures to treat hypertension and heart failure. It has been recently suggested the activation and blocking of RAS has been associated with various types of cancer in epidemiological and experimental studies. Various studies have shown that RAS blockage is protective in some cancers. However, although fewer, contradictory data also showed that RAS blockage is either not related or adversely related to cancer. Although the reasons for these findings are not exactly known, different types of receptors and effectors in RAS may account for these findings. In the current review, we summarize the different RAS receptors and cancer development with regard to epidemiology, and pathogenesis including cell signaling pathways, apoptosis, genetic and epigenetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Afsar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, 71100, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - R E Afsar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, 71100, Isparta, Turkey
| | - L A Ertuglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Ortiz
- Dialysis Unit, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avd. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Covic
- Nephrology Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iași, Romania
| | - M Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Bu J, Zhang P, Zhu K, Yan Y, Shi B, Wang J, Xu S. Constructing a global transcriptional regulatory landscape for early non-small cell lung cancer to identify hub genes and key pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17948-17957. [PMID: 32931455 PMCID: PMC7585098 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential pathogenesis of early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), by constructing a global transcriptional regulatory landscape to identify hub genes and key pathways. A total of 1,206 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in early NSCLC were identified compared to normal lung tissue samples in GSE33532 and GSE29013. DEGs-related protein-protein interaction networks (PPIs) were constructed based on the STRING database and were then modularly analyzed using the ClusterOne tool. The enrichment analysis revealed that multiple modules were significantly involved in pathways such as the TNF signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway and PI3K/AKt signaling pathway. Ten genes were identified as hub genes in the PPIs and also found up-regulated at protein level. The prognostic value of the hub genes and the ten hub gene set variation score varied according to the different pathological types of NSCLC, which suggested the ten hub gene expression patterns can reflect the heterogeneity of two types of NSCLC. In conclusion, by carrying out a series of in-depth analyses, hub genes and key pathways associated with early NSCLC were identified by a global transcriptional regulatory landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Bu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Pinyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kaibin Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yubo Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bowen Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shidong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
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15
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Arthur P, Patel N, Surapaneni SK, Mondal A, Gebeyehu A, Bagde A, Kutlehria S, Nottingham E, Singh M. Targeting lung cancer stem cells using combination of Tel and Docetaxel liposomes in 3D cultures and tumor xenografts. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 401:115112. [PMID: 32540278 PMCID: PMC7437978 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) accounts for recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy in various tumors. Efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs is limited by tumor stromal barriers, which hinder their penetration into deep tumor sites. We have earlier shown telmisartan (Tel) pretreatment prior to Docetaxel (DTX) administration enhances anti-cancer effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we demonstrated for the first time the efficacy of Docetaxel liposomes (DTXPL) in combination with Tel in 3D cultures of H460 cells by using polysaccharide-based hydrogels (TheWell Biosciences) and also in xenograft model of DTX resistant H460 derived CD133+ lung tumors. DTXPL and Tel combination showed enhanced cytotoxicity in H460 WT 3D cultures by two folds. In H460 3D cultures, Tel pretreatment showed increased liposomal uptake. DTXPL and Tel combination treated tumors showed reduction in tumor volume (p < .001), increased apoptosis and downregulation of CSC markers (p < .01) in H460 WT and DTX resistant CD133+ xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Arthur
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Nilkumar Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Surapaneni
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | | | - Aragaw Gebeyehu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Arvind Bagde
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Shallu Kutlehria
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Ebony Nottingham
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
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16
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Renin-Angiotensin System in Lung Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061457. [PMID: 32503281 PMCID: PMC7352181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic involvement of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) reaches beyond cardiovascular physiopathology. Recent knowledge pinpoints a pleiotropic role for this system, particularly in the lung, and mainly through locally regulated alternative molecules and secondary pathways. Angiotensin peptides play a role in cell proliferation, immunoinflammatory response, hypoxia and angiogenesis, which are critical biological processes in lung cancer. This manuscript reviews the literature supporting a role for the renin-angiotensin system in the lung tumor microenvironment and discusses whether blockade of this pathway in clinical settings may serve as an adjuvant therapy in lung cancer.
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17
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Green R, Howell M, Khalil R, Nair R, Yan J, Foran E, Katiri S, Banerjee J, Singh M, Bharadwaj S, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. Actinomycin D and Telmisartan Combination Targets Lung Cancer Stem Cells Through the Wnt/Beta Catenin Pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18177. [PMID: 31796785 PMCID: PMC6890794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of lung cancer treatments has been attributed mostly to the development of drug resistance, however the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Cancer initiating stem cells (CSCs), present in tumors in a small percentage, play critical roles in the development of drug resistance, metastasis, and cancer relapse. Hence, novel treatments targeting both bulk cancer cells and CSCs are under intense investigation. Herein, we report that lung cancer cells grown on a 3D fibrous scaffold form tumoroids that resemble in vivo tumors, expand CSCs, and provide a platform to identify anti-CSC drugs. The screening of an NCI library of FDA-approved drugs using tumoroid cultures led to identification of Actinomycin D (AD) as a top CSC inhibitor. Since CSCs are mostly resident in the tumor's inner core, AD was combined with an angiotensin receptor antagonist, Telmisartan (TS), which is known to increase drug permeability in tumors and was shown to have anti-CSC activity. Our results showed that AD + TS administered intra-tumorally was significantly more effective than either drug alone in both syngeneic and xenograft mouse models. The results of mechanistic studies revealed that CSC expansion in tumoroids was associated with activation of β catenin signaling and that AD + TS treatment reduced active β catenin levels in tumors. Together, these results establish the utility of the tumoroid culture system to expand CSCs ex vivo for targeted drug screening, to identify promising novel treatments with both anti-CSC and anti-cancer effects, and to individualize treatments for metastatic drug resistant lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Green
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mark Howell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Roukiah Khalil
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Rajesh Nair
- Transgenex Nanobiotech Inc., Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Jiyu Yan
- Transgenex Nanobiotech Inc., Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Elspeth Foran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Sandhyabanu Katiri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jit Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Srinivas Bharadwaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Center for Research and Education in Nanobioengineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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18
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Roth IM, Wickremesekera AC, Wickremesekera SK, Davis PF, Tan ST. Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells via Modulation of the Renin-Angiotensin System. Front Oncol 2019; 9:745. [PMID: 31440473 PMCID: PMC6694711 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to be the cells that initiate tumorigenesis and maintain tumor development due to their self-renewal and multipotency properties. CSCs have been identified in many cancer types and are thought to be responsible for treatment resistance, metastasis, and recurrence. As such, targeting CSCs specifically should result in durable cancer treatment. One potential option for targeting CSCs is by manipulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and pathways that converge on the RAS with numerous inexpensive medications currently in common clinical use. In addition to its crucial role in cardiovascular and body fluid homeostasis, the RAS is vital for stem cell maintenance and differentiation and plays a role in tumorigenesis and cancer prevention, suggesting that these roles may converge and result in modulation of CSC function by the RAS. In support of this, components of the RAS have been shown to be expressed in many cancer types and have been more recently localized to the CSCs in some tumors. Given these roles of the RAS in tumor development, clinical trials using RAS inhibitors either singly or in combination with other therapies are underway in different cancer types. This review outlines the roles of the RAS, with respect to CSCs, and suggests that the presence of components of the RAS in CSCs could offer an avenue for therapeutic targeting using RAS modulators. Due to the nature of the RAS and its crosstalk with numerous other signaling pathways, a systems approach using traditional RAS inhibitors in combination with inhibitors of bypass loops of the RAS and other signaling pathways that converge on the RAS may offer a novel therapeutic approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen M Roth
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Agadha C Wickremesekera
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Susrutha K Wickremesekera
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.,Upper Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Section, Department of General Surgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Paul F Davis
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
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19
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Matsui T, Chiyo T, Kobara H, Fujihara S, Fujita K, Namima D, Nakahara M, Kobayashi N, Nishiyama N, Yachida T, Morishita A, Iwama H, Masaki T. Telmisartan Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Tumor Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inducing S-Phase Arrest In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133197. [PMID: 31261874 PMCID: PMC6651359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common primary esophageal malignancy. Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB) and a widely used antihypertensive, has been shown to inhibit proliferation of various cancer types. This study evaluated the effects of telmisartan on human ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and sought to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in these antitumor effects. We examined the effects of telmisartan on three human ESCC cell lines (KYSE150, KYSE180, and KYSE850). Telmisartan inhibited proliferation of these three cell lines by inducing S-phase arrest, which was accompanied by decreased expression of cyclin A2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and other cell cycle-related proteins. Additionally, telmisartan reduced levels of phosphorylated ErbB3 and thrombospondin-1 in KYSE180 cells. Furthermore, expression of miRNAs was remarkably altered by telmisartan in vitro. Telmisartan also inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, telmisartan inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth in ESCC cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Taiga Chiyo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Daisuke Namima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mai Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yachida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Iwama
- Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
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20
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Grahovac J, Srdić-Rajić T, Francisco Santibañez J, Pavlović M, Čavić M, Radulović S. Telmisartan induces melanoma cell apoptosis and synergizes with vemurafenib in vitro by altering cell bioenergetics. Cancer Biol Med 2019; 16:247-263. [PMID: 31516746 PMCID: PMC6713633 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite recent advancements in targeted therapy and immunotherapies, prognosis for metastatic melanoma patients remains extremely poor. Development of resistance to previously effective treatments presents a serious challenge and new approaches for melanoma treatment are urgently needed. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of telmisartan, an AGTR1 inhibitor and a partial agonist of PPARγ, on melanoma cells as a potential agent for repurposing in melanoma treatment. Methods Expression of AGTR1 and PPARγ mRNA in melanoma patient tumor samples was examined in publicly available datasets and confirmed in melanoma cell lines by qRT-PCR. A panel of melanoma cell lines was tested in viability, apoptosis and metabolic assays in presence of telmisartan by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. A cytotoxic effect of combinations of telmisartan and targeted therapy vemurafenib was examined using the Chou-Talalay combination index method. Results Both AGTR1 and PPARγ mRNA were expressed in melanoma patient tumor samples and decreased compared to the expression in the healthy skin. In vitro, we found that telmisartan decreased melanoma cell viability by inducing cell apoptosis. Increased glucose uptake, but not utilization, in the presence of telmisartan caused the fission of mitochondria and release of reactive oxygen species. Telmisartan altered the cell bioenergetics, thereby synergizing with vemurafenib in vitro, and even sensitized vemurafenib-resistant cells to the treatment. Conclusions Given that the effective doses of telmisartan examined in our study can be administered to patients and that telmisartan is a widely used and safe antihypertensive drug, our findings provide the scientific rationale for testing its efficacy in treatment of melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Grahovac
- Laboratory for Experimental Pharmacology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Srdić-Rajić
- Laboratory for Experimental Pharmacology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Juan Francisco Santibañez
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Integrative Center for Biology and Applied Chemistry (CIBQA), Bernardo O'Higgins University, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Marijana Pavlović
- Laboratory for Experimental Pharmacology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Milena Čavić
- Laboratory for Experimental Pharmacology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Siniša Radulović
- Laboratory for Experimental Pharmacology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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