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Li Y, Jian Y, Xu F, Luo Y, Li Z, Ou Y, Wen Y, Jin J, Zhang C, Gan L. Five new terpenoids from Viburnum odoratissimum var. sessiliflorum. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:298-307. [PMID: 37120248 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Five new terpenoids, including two vibsane-type diterpenoids (1, 2) and three iridoid allosides (3-5), together with eight known ones, were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Viburnum odoratissimum var.sessiliflorum. Their planar structures and relative configurations were determined by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques. The sugar moieties of the iridoids were confirmed as β-D-allose by GC analysis after acid hydrolysis and acetylation. The absolute configurations of neovibsanin Q (1) and dehydrovibsanol B (2) were determined by quantum chemical calculation of their theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced ECD analysis. The anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1, 3, 4, and 5 were evaluated using an LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell model. Compounds 3suppressed the release of NO in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 55.64 μmol·L-1. The cytotoxicities of compounds 1-5 on HCT-116 cells were assessed and the results showed that compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 13.8 and 12.3 μmol·L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yajiao Jian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fan Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongxin Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhixuan Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yi Ou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yan Wen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Jingwei Jin
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Chuanrui Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, China.
| | - Lishe Gan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Talebi M, Talebi M, Farkhondeh T, Simal-Gandara J, Kopustinskiene DM, Bernatoniene J, Samarghandian S. Emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer indications of chrysin. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:214. [PMID: 33858433 PMCID: PMC8050922 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin has been shown to exert several beneficial pharmacological activities. Chrysin has anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective as well as gastrointestinal, respiratory, reproductive, ocular, and skin protective effects through modulating signaling pathway involved in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In the current review, we discussed the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic indications of chrysin in various cancers. Online databases comprising Scopus, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, Science Direct, Web of Science, and the search engine Google Scholar were searched for available and eligible research articles. The search was conducted by using MeSH terms and keywords in title, abstract, and keywords. In conclusion, experimental studies indicated that chrysin could ameliorate cancers of the breast, gastrointestinal tract, liver and hepatocytes, bladder, male and female reproductive systems, choroid, respiratory tract, thyroid, skin, eye, brain, blood cells, leukemia, osteoblast, and lymph. However, more studies are needed to enhance the bioavailability of chrysin and evaluate this agent in clinical trial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1991953381, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
- Food Safety Net Services (FSNS), San Antonio, TX, 78216, USA
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovscular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Dalia M Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Halevas E, Kokotidou C, Zaimai E, Moschona A, Lialiaris E, Mitraki A, Lialiaris T, Pantazaki A. Evaluation of the Hemocompatibility and Anticancer Potential of Poly( ε-Caprolactone) and Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Microcarriers with Encapsulated Chrysin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:109. [PMID: 33467090 PMCID: PMC7831015 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, novel chrysin-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microcarriers were synthesized according to a modified oil-in-water single emulsion/solvent evaporation method, utilizing poly(vinyl alcohol) surfactant as stabilizer and dispersing agent for the emulsification, and were evaluated for their physico-chemical and morphological properties, loading capacity and entrapment efficiency and in vitro release of their load. The findings suggest that the novel micro-formulations possess a spherical and relatively wrinkled structure with sizes ranging between 2.4 and 24.7 µm and a highly negative surface charge with z-potential values between (-18.1)-(-14.1) mV. The entrapment efficiency of chrysin in the poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microcarriers was estimated to be 58.10% and 43.63%, whereas the loading capacity was found to be 3.79% and 15.85%, respectively. The average release percentage of chrysin was estimated to be 23.10% and 18.01%, respectively. The novel micromaterials were further biologically evaluated for their hemolytic activity through hemocompatibility studies over a range of hematological parameters and cytoxicity against the epithelial human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231. The poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microcarriers reached an IC50 value with an encapsulated chrysin content of 149.19 µM and 312.18 µM, respectively, and showed sufficient blood compatibility displaying significantly low (up to 2%) hemolytic percentages at concentrations between 5 and 500 µg·mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Halevas
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Chrysoula Kokotidou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.)
- Institute for Electronic Structure and Laser FORTH, N. Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elda Zaimai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Alexandra Moschona
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Renewable Energies, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Harilaou-Thermis, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Efstratios Lialiaris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Anna Mitraki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.)
- Institute for Electronic Structure and Laser FORTH, N. Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theodore Lialiaris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Anastasia Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Halevas E, Mitrakas A, Mavroidi B, Athanasiou D, Gkika P, Antoniou K, Samaras G, Lialiaris E, Hatzidimitriou A, Pantazaki A, Koukourakis M, Sagnou M, Pelecanou M, Lialiaris T. Structurally characterized copper-chrysin complexes display genotoxic and cytotoxic activity in human cells. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Halevas E, Mavroidi B, Antonoglou O, Hatzidimitriou A, Sagnou M, Pantazaki AA, Litsardakis G, Pelecanou M. Structurally characterized gallium-chrysin complexes with anticancer potential. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2734-2746. [PMID: 32064490 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04540f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic metal-based compounds are effective anticancer agents; however, their cytotoxic profile and significant side effects limit their wide application. Natural products, especially flavonoids, are a prominent alternative source of anticancer agents that can be used as ligands for the generation of new bioactive complexes with metal ions of known biochemical and pharmacological activities. Herein, we present the synthesis and detailed structural and physicochemical characterizations of three novel complex assemblies of Ga(iii) with the flavonoid chrysin and the ancillary aromatic chelators 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridine and imidazole. The complexes constitute the only crystallographically characterized structures having a metal core from the boron group elements and a flavonoid as the ligand. The in vitro biological evaluation of the three complexes in a series of cancer cell lines of different origin established their cytotoxicity and ROS generating potential. In particular, the Ga(iii)-chrysin-imidazole complex displayed the highest anticancer efficacy against all cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the low micromolar range (<1.18 μM), a result worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Halevas
- Laboratory of Materials for Electrotechnics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece and Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
| | - Barbara Mavroidi
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
| | - Orestis Antonoglou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Antonios Hatzidimitriou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Marina Sagnou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
| | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - George Litsardakis
- Laboratory of Materials for Electrotechnics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Maria Pelecanou
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Athens, Greece.
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Chen HY, Jiang YW, Kuo CL, Way TD, Chou YC, Chang YS, Chung JG. Chrysin inhibit human melanoma A375.S2 cell migration and invasion via affecting MAPK signaling and NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:434-442. [PMID: 30578657 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous evidences have shown that chrysin induced cytotoxic effects via induced cell cycle arrest and induction of cell apoptosis in human cancer cell lines, however, no information showed that chrysin inhibited skin cancer cell migration and invasion. In this study, we investigated anti-metastasis mechanisms of chrysin in human melanoma cancer A375.S2 cells in vitro. Under sub-lethal concentrations of chrysin (0, 5, 10, and 15 μM) which inhibits cell mobility, migration and invasion of A375.S2 cells that were assayed by wound healing and Transwell filter. That chrysin inhibited MMP-2 activity in A375.S2 cells was investigated by gelatin zymography assay. Western blotting was used to examine protein expression and results indicated that chrysin inhibited the expression of GRB2, SOS-1, PKC, p-AKT (Thr308), NF-κBp65, and NF-κBp50 at 24 and 48 hours treatment, but only at 10-15 μM of chrysin decreased Ras, PI3K, p-c-Jun, and Snail only at 48 hours treatment and only decrease p-AKT(Ser473) at 24 hours treatment. Furthermore, chrysin (5-15 μM) decreased the expression of uPA, N-cadherin and MMP-1 at 24 and 48 hours treatment but only decreased MMP-2 and VEGF at 48 hours treatment at 10-15 μM and 5-15 μM of chrysin, respectively, however, increased E-cadherin at 5-15 μM treatment. Results of confocal laser microscopy systems indicated that chrysin inhibited expression of NF-κBp65 in A375.S2 cells. Based on these observations, we suggest that chrysin can be used in anti-metastasis of human melanoma cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee JH, Kim C, Lee J, Um JY, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Arctiin is a pharmacological inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 residue and potentiates bortezomib-induced apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects in human multiple myeloma cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:282-292. [PMID: 30668440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arctiin is a main component from the fruits of Arctium lappa L., that can be prescribed for cold or flu in East Asian countries; it has also been found to exert chemopreventive actions against various tumor cells. HYPOTHESIS In view of this evidence, we examined arctiin for its ability to trigger apoptosis and inhibit the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. METHODS We evaluated the effect of arctiin on STAT3 signaling cascades and its regulated functional responses in MM cells. RESULTS Arctiin effectively blocked the constitutive activation of STAT3 phosphorylation in the residue of tyrosine 705. Arctiin also abrogated the constitutive activation of Src phosphorylation and Janus-activated kinases (JAKs) 1/2. Furthermore, it was found that arctiin treatment clearly enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase ε (PTPε), and the silencing of PTPε caused a reversal of the arctiin-induced PTPε expression and the blockadge of STAT3 phosphorylation. Interestingly, arctiin could not repress IL-6-induced STAT3 activation in serum-starved U266 cells and when arctiin was incubated with a complete culture medium in RPMI 8226 and MM.1S cells. Arctiin suppressed cell proliferation, accumulated cells in the G2/M cell-cycle phase, and induced apoptosis within U266 cells, although the knockdown of PTPε prevented PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activation induced by the arctiin. In addition, arctiin exerted cytotoxicity in MM cells, but did not do so in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Arctiin down-modulated diverse oncogenic gene products regulated by STAT3, although the induction of apoptosis by arctiin was abrogated upon transfection with pMXs-STAT3C in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. Arctiin also potentiated bortezomib-induced antitumor effects in U266 cells. CONCLUSION On the whole, our results indicate that arctiin is a potentially new inhibitor of constitutive STAT3 activation through the induction of PTPε in MM, cells and therefore has great value in treating various tumors sheltering constitutively activated STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Chulwon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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Waheed M, Hussain MB, Javed A, Mushtaq Z, Hassan S, Shariati MA, Khan MU, Majeed M, Nigam M, Mishra AP, Heydari M. Honey and cancer: A mechanistic review. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2499-2503. [PMID: 30639116 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, cancer ranks among the most common causes of death. Multiple experimental and clinical studies have investigated anticancer effects of honey with promising results. This study focused on potential background mechanisms of this effect. METHODS The current literature was reviewed for potential anticancer pathways which are suggested for honey and its ingredients. RESULTS Flavonoids (kaempferol, catechin, and quercetin) and phenolic acids (caffeic acid and gallic acid) are the most important ingredients of honey with known anti-cancer activity. The main suggested mechanisms for anti-cancer activity of honey and its ingredients are antioxidant, apoptotic, tumor necrosis factor inhibiting, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and estrogenic effects. CONCLUSION This review collates the current scientific understanding on the mechanism of anti-cancer activity of honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Waheed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hussain
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zarina Mushtaq
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Hassan
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University Named After I.S. Turgenev, 302026, Orel, Russia
| | - Muhammad Usman Khan
- Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering Laboratory (BSEL), Washington State University, Richland, 99354, WA, USA; Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Agriculture, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Majid Majeed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Photoactivated [Mn(CO) 3Br(μ-bpcpd)] 2 induces apoptosis in cancer cells via intrinsic pathway. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 188:28-41. [PMID: 30195977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) are organometallic/organic compounds that release carbon monoxide (CO) spontaneously or upon activation. PhotoCORMs are capable of releasing CO on light based activation. This group of molecules is used in photodynamic therapy due to their ability to release CO in a controlled manner. In the present investigation, the release of CO from [Mn(CO)3Br(μ-bpcpd)]2 (MnCORM) upon irradiation at λmax 365 nm was assessed spectrophotometrically using myoglobin assay and confirmed by liquid FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. Further, the cytotoxic potential of MnCORM on normal cells (HEK 293) and cancer cell lines such as lung (A549), cervical (HeLa), breast (MDA MB-231) and colon (HCT-15) was evaluated. The IC50 values of MnCORM were found to be 21.37 ± 1.72, 24.12 ± 1.03, 21.89 ± 0.59 and 13.69 ± 0.91 μM on cervical (HeLa), lung (A549), colon (HCT-15) and breast (MDA MB-231) cancer cells respectively. An inquest into the nature of cell death was confirmed based on the nuclear and cytological examinations, flow cytometric analyses and protein expression studies. The AO/EB dual staining and cytological evaluation of the treated cells revealed that the cell death might be due to apoptosis. The flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide (PI) stained cells showed a significant amount of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells due to MnCORM treatment. The MnCORM-induced apoptosis was mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically superoxide radicals leading to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis was elucidated based on the expression studies of pro-apoptotic and apoptotic proteins such as bcl-2, bax, cyt c, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved PARP. Due to its innate potential to release CO upon photoactivation and its ability to induce apoptosis via intrinsic pathway, the MnCORM molecule could be exploited for controlled release and photodynamic cancer therapy.
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Wei X, Li M, Ma M, Jia H, Zhang Y, Kang W, Wang T, Shi X. Induction of apoptosis by FFJ-5, a novel naphthoquinone compound, occurs via downregulation of PKM2 in A549 and HepG2 cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:791-799. [PMID: 28356960 PMCID: PMC5351257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) has previously been identified as a tumor biomarker and as a potential target for cancer therapy. In this study, F§FJ-5, a characterized naphthoquinone modifier of mollugin, was synthesized in order to investigate its anticancer activity and the potential mechanisms. It was observed that FFJ-5 inhibited the cell growth of human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 and human hepatoma cells HepG2 by MTT assays. FFJ-5 arrested cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Further analyses demonstrated that FFJ-5 attenuated the expression of PKM2 and reduced the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Reduced expression and activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Akt were observed in A549 and HepG2 cells exposed to FFJ-5. FFJ-5 exposure also resulted in cell apoptosis, in association with decreased intracellular pH level and mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, FFJ-5 activated the caspase-3 cascade. In conclusion, FFJ-5 inhibited cancer cell growth via the blocking the EGFR-Akt-PKM2 pathway or through the synergistic action of EGFR, Akt and PKM2 proteins, alongside a decrease in ATP production. In addition, FFJ-5 induced cancer cell apoptosis by decreasing the intracellular pH level and the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The present results suggest a potential role of FFJ-5 on the therapy of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Huina Jia
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
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Bahadori M, Baharara J, Amini E. Anticancer Properties of Chrysin on Colon Cancer Cells, In vitro and In vivo with Modulation of Caspase-3, -9, Bax and Sall4. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 14:177-184. [PMID: 28959334 PMCID: PMC5492241 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SALL4/Sall4 is constitutively expressed in human and mice. SALL4 mRNA could be used as a marker for the diagnosis of different types of cancers. On the other hand, chrysin has diverse biological properties. OBJECTIVES In the present study, the effect of the chrysin was investigated on the CT26 colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the expression levels of the stem cell markers; sall4 and Bax was analyzed, as well. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic effects and the type of cell death induced by chrysin were evaluated using a number of biological assays. The apoptotic pathway was examined by caspase-3and caspase-9 assay. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of chrysin on transplanted CT26 tumor cells in BALB/c mice was investigated. In addition, mRNA expression of sall4, Bax was analyzed with RT-PCR. RESULTS MTT assay and morphological characteristics showed that chrysin exerted a cytotoxic effect on CT26 cells in a dose dependent manner with IC50= 80 μg.mL-1. The biological assays have indicated that chrysin administrated cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells through recruitment of the apoptosis. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 colorimetric assays, in addition to Bax expression analysis, have indicated the involvement of intrinsic apoptotic pathway in the cytotoxic effect of the chrysin. The in vivo assay revealed a remarkable reduction of the colon tumor volume in treated mice (8, 10 mg.kg -1) as compared to the untreated mice. RT-PCR elucidated that chrysin attenuated tumor volume through down regulation of the sall4 and up-regulation of the Bax. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that chrysin accomplishes anti-cancer effect on colon cancer cells via induction of the apoptosis and attenuation of the sall4 the expression. These findings introduce chrysin as an efficient apoptosis based therapeutic agent against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Bahadori
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Javad Baharara
- Department of Biology, Research Center For Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Amini
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Lin CC, Lee MH, Lin JH, Lin ML, Chueh FS, Yu CC, Lin JP, Chou YC, Hsu SC, Chung JG. Crude extract of Rheum palmatum L. Induces cell cycle arrest S phase and apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathways in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:957-969. [PMID: 25689151 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of death in children. Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of solid bone cancer primarily affecting adolescents and young adults. In the Chinese population, the crude extract of Rheum palmatum L. (CERP) has been used for treating different diseases, including SARS, rheumatoid arthritis, coxsackievirus B3, and human colon cancer cell, pancreatic cancer. There are no reports on CERP and human osteosarcoma cells. The present study examined effects of CERP on cytotoxicity including cell cycle distribution and cell death (apoptosis) in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. CERP significantly induced S phase arrest in U-2 OS cells in a dose-dependent. CERP produced DNA damage and DNA condensation. Other effects of CERP were stimulation of ROS and Ca(2+) , mitochondria impairment, and activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9. CERP increased the levels of Bax, Bak, Bad, cyclin B, Fas, PARP, GRP78, GADD153, AIF, Endo G, Calpain-2, p21, and p27, but decreased the levels of Bcl-2, BCL-X, XIAP, Akt, CDC25A, CDK2, Cyclin A, and Cyclin E of U-2 OS cells. It was also observed that CERP promoted the expression of AIF, Endo G, GADD153, and cytochrome c. These results indicate that CERP has anticancer effects in vitro and provide the foundation for in vivo studies of animal models of osteosarcoma. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 957-969, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chung Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, 420, Taiwan
- General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huei Lee
- General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, 420, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Hwa Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Pin Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
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13
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Liu H, Chen F, Zhang L, Zhou Q, Gui S, Wang Y. A novel all-trans retinoic acid derivative 4-amino‑2‑trifluoromethyl-phenyl retinate inhibits the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via upregulation of p53 and ASPP1 and downregulation of iASPP. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:333-41. [PMID: 27177208 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Amino-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl retinate (ATPR), a novel all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) derivative, was reported to function as a tumor inhibitor in various types of cancer cells in vitro. However, little is known concerning its antitumor effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of ATPR on the proliferation of HepG2 cells and to explore the probable mechanisms. A series of experiments were performed following the treatment of HepG2 cells with ATRA and ATPR. MTT and plate colony formation assays were used to measure the cell viability. To confirm the influence on proliferation, flow cytometry was used to detect the distribution of the cell cycle. Apoptosis was observed by Hoechst staining and flow cytometry. In addition, to characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms, immunofluorescence was applied to observe the distribution of p53. The transcription and translation levels of p53 were analyzed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The expression levels of murine double minute 2 (MDM2), apoptosis stimulating proteins of p53 (ASPP), cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated proteins were detected by western blotting. After HepG2 cells were incubated with ATRA and ATPR, the viability of the HepG2 cells was inhibited in a dose- and time-dependent manner. As well, ATPR significantly suppressed HepG2 cell colony formation and arrested cells at the G0/G1 phase, while ATRA had no obvious effects. Both Hoechst staining and flow cytometry unveiled the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Moreover, the fluorescent density of p53 was higher in the nuclei after exposure to ATPR than that in the ATRA group. HepG2 cells treated with ATPR showed elevated mRNA and protein levels of p53 when compared with these levels in the ATRA-treated cells. Western blotting showed that ATPR increased ASPP1, p21 and Bax expression and decreased MDM2, iASPP, cyclin D and E, cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and Bcl-2 expression, while CDK4 and ASPP2 expression were scarcely altered. Consequently, ATPR exerted a better inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells than ATRA through increased expression of p53 and ASPP1 and downregulation of iASPP, thereby resulting in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Feihu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Gui
- Key Laboratory of Gene Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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14
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Subramanian AP, John AA, Vellayappan MV, Balaji A, Jaganathan SK, Mandal M, Supriyanto E. Honey and its Phytochemicals: Plausible Agents in Combating Colon Cancer through its Diversified Actions. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Priyadharshni Subramanian
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia
| | - Agnes Aruna John
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia
| | - Muthu Vignesh Vellayappan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia
| | - Arunpandian Balaji
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia
| | - Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology; Indian Institute of Technology; West Bengal India
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru 81310 Malaysia
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15
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Matai I, Gopinath P. Hydrophobic myristic acid modified PAMAM dendrimers augment the delivery of tamoxifen to breast cancer cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, cationic generation 5 polyamido amine (G5 PAMAM) dendrimers were hydrophobically modified by grafting the surface with lipid-like myristic acid (My) tails to augment their potential as a drug delivery vector in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Matai
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
| | - P. Gopinath
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Centre for Nanotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
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16
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Li X, Huang JM, Wang JN, Xiong XK, Yang XF, Zou F. Combination of chrysin and cisplatin promotes the apoptosis of Hep G2 cells by up-regulating p53. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 232:12-20. [PMID: 25770930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug commonly used for the treatment of human cancers, however, drug resistance poses a major challenge to clinical application of cisplatin in cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown that chrysin, a natural flavonoid widely found in various plants and foods, demonstrated effective anti-cancer activity. In the present study, we found that the combination chrysin and cisplatin significantly enhanced the apoptosis of Hep G2 cancer cells. Combination of chrysin and cisplatin increased the phosphorylation and accumulation of p53 through activating ERK1/2 in Hep G2 cells, which led to the overexpression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and DR5 and the inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In addition, combination of chrysin and cisplatin promoted both extrinsic apoptosis by activating caspase-8 and intrinsic apoptosis by increasing the release of cytochrome c and activating caspase-9 in Hep G2 cells. Our results suggest that combination of chrysin and cisplatin is a promising strategy for chemotherapy of human cancers that are resistant to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 Northern Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, PR China; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, 160 Qunxian Road, Dashi, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 511430, PR China
| | - Jun-Ming Huang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, 160 Qunxian Road, Dashi, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 511430, PR China
| | - Jian-Ning Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, 56, Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510055, PR China
| | - Xi-Kun Xiong
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, 160 Qunxian Road, Dashi, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 511430, PR China
| | - Xing-Fen Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, 160 Qunxian Road, Dashi, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 511430, PR China.
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 Northern Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, PR China.
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17
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Synthesis of novel amino acid derivatives containing chrysin as anti-tumor agents against human gastric carcinoma MGC-803 cells. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Sak K. Cytotoxicity of dietary flavonoids on different human cancer types. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:122-46. [PMID: 25125885 PMCID: PMC4127821 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.134247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are ubiquitous in nature. They are also in food, providing an essential link between diet and prevention of chronic diseases including cancer. Anticancer effects of these polyphenols depend on several factors: Their chemical structure and concentration, and also on the type of cancer. Malignant cells from different tissues reveal somewhat different sensitivity toward flavonoids and, therefore, the preferences of the most common dietary flavonoids to various human cancer types are analyzed in this review. While luteolin and kaempferol can be considered as promising candidate agents for treatment of gastric and ovarian cancers, respectively, apigenin, chrysin, and luteolin have good perspectives as potent antitumor agents for cervical cancer; cells from main sites of flavonoid metabolism (colon and liver) reveal rather large fluctuations in anticancer activity probably due to exposure to various metabolites with different activities. Anticancer effect of flavonoids toward blood cancer cells depend on their myeloid, lymphoid, or erythroid origin; cytotoxic effects of flavonoids on breast and prostate cancer cells are highly related to the expression of hormone receptors. Different flavonoids are often preferentially present in certain food items, and knowledge about the malignant tissue-specific anticancer effects of flavonoids could be purposely applied both in chemoprevention as well as in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Non Government Organization Praeventio, Tartu, Estonia
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19
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Kim A, Jung BH, Cadet P. A novel pathway by which the environmental toxin 4-Nonylphenol may promote an inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2014; 20:47-54. [PMID: 24717721 PMCID: PMC3997203 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.890644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 4-Nonylphenol is a ubiquitous environmental toxin that is formed as a byproduct in the manufacturing and/or sewage treatment of regular household items. Previous work in our lab has implicated 4-NP in the progression of autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease in which macrophages mistakenly attack the intestinal linings, causing chronic inflammation. Several key pro-and anti-inflammatory molecules have been shown to be involved in the manifestation of this disease, including IL-23A, COX-2, IL-8, TLR-4, and IL-10. Material and Methods 4-NP's effects on these known mediators of IBD were effectively analyzed using a novel model for IBD, by which 4-NP may promote an inflammatory response. Data were collected using DNA Microarray, RT-PCR, and ELISA, after 48 hour treatment of U937 histiocytic lymphocyte cells and COLO320DM human intestinal epithelial cells with 1 nM and 5 nM concentrations of 4-NP. Results Significant dysregulation of the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory genes was observed in U937 cells that would promote and prolong inflammation. However, TLR-4, IL-8, and COX-2 gene expressions showed unprecedented effects in COLO320DM cells suggesting that these genes mediate apoptotic processes within the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that 4-NP administration engenders immune responses linked to apoptotic processes via dysregulation of macrophage signaling. In sum, 4-NP appears to increases the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease by promoting or prolonging adverse progression of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Kim
- Department of Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York - College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Byeong Ho Jung
- Department of Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York - College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Patrick Cadet
- Department of Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York - College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, USA
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20
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Erejuwa OO, Sulaiman SA, Wahab MSA. Effects of honey and its mechanisms of action on the development and progression of cancer. Molecules 2014; 19:2497-522. [PMID: 24566317 PMCID: PMC6270987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural product known for its varied biological or pharmacological activities-ranging from anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antihypertensive to hypoglycemic effects. This review article focuses on the role of honey in modulating the development and progression of tumors or cancers. It reviews available evidence (some of which is very recent) with regards to the antimetastatic, antiproliferative and anticancer effects of honey in various forms of cancer. These effects of honey have been thoroughly investigated in certain cancers such as breast, liver and colorectal cancer cell lines. In contrast, limited but promising data are available for other forms of cancers including prostate, bladder, endometrial, kidney, skin, cervical, oral and bone cancer cells. The article also underscores the various possible mechanisms by which honey may inhibit growth and proliferation of tumors or cancers. These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. Honey is highly cytotoxic against tumor or cancer cells while it is non-cytotoxic to normal cells. The data indicate that honey can inhibit carcinogenesis by modulating the molecular processes of initiation, promotion, and progression stages. Thus, it may serve as a potential and promising anticancer agent which warrants further experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omotayo O Erejuwa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Siti A Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd S Ab Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Yang B, Huang J, Xiang T, Yin X, Luo X, Huang J, Luo F, Li H, Li H, Ren G. Chrysin inhibits metastatic potential of human triple-negative breast cancer cells by modulating matrix metalloproteinase-10, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:105-12. [PMID: 24122885 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chrysin, a naturally occurring flavone, has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in various cancers. However, the effect and mechanisms of chrysin on cancer metastasis are still enigmatic. In this study, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines were used to evaluate the antimetastatic activity of chrysin. The results showed that chrysin (5, 10 and 20 μM) significantly suppressed TNBC cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Human matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) antibody array demonstrated that MMP-10 was downregulated by chrysin, which was further verified by Western blotting and ELISA. Moreover, it was shown that chrysin induced increased E-cadherin expression and decreased expression of vimentin, snail and slug in TNBC cells, suggesting that chrysin had a reversal effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition. More importantly, it was demonstrated that inhibiting the Akt signal pathway might play a central role in chrysin-induced antimetastatic activity by regulating MMP-10 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, our study indicates that chrysin exerts antimetastatic activities in TNBC cells, which suggests that chrysin might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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