1
|
Hwang SP, Denicourt C. The impact of ribosome biogenesis in cancer: from proliferation to metastasis. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae017. [PMID: 38633862 PMCID: PMC11023387 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, facilitating the adaptation to altered translational demands essential for various aspects of tumor progression. This review explores the intricate interplay between ribosome biogenesis and cancer development, highlighting dynamic regulation orchestrated by key oncogenic signaling pathways. Recent studies reveal the multifaceted roles of ribosomes, extending beyond protein factories to include regulatory functions in mRNA translation. Dysregulated ribosome biogenesis not only hampers precise control of global protein production and proliferation but also influences processes such as the maintenance of stem cell-like properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, contributing to cancer progression. Interference with ribosome biogenesis, notably through RNA Pol I inhibition, elicits a stress response marked by nucleolar integrity loss, and subsequent G1-cell cycle arrest or cell death. These findings suggest that cancer cells may rely on heightened RNA Pol I transcription, rendering ribosomal RNA synthesis a potential therapeutic vulnerability. The review further explores targeting ribosome biogenesis vulnerabilities as a promising strategy to disrupt global ribosome production, presenting therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sseu-Pei Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Catherine Denicourt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tessmann JW, Rocha MR, Morgado-Díaz JA. Mechanisms of radioresistance and the underlying signaling pathways in colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:31-45. [PMID: 36565460 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most common modalities for the treatment of a wide range of tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC); however, radioresistance of cancer cells remains a major limitation for this treatment. Following radiotherapy, the activities of various cellular mechanisms and cell signaling pathways are altered, resulting in the development of radioresistance, which leads to therapeutic failure and poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Furthermore, even though several inhibitors have been developed to target tumor resistance, these molecules can induce side effects in nontumor cells due to low specificity and efficiency. However, the role of these mechanisms in CRC has not been extensively studied. This review discusses recent studies regarding the relationship between radioresistance and the alterations in a series of cellular mechanisms and cell signaling pathways that lead to therapeutic failure and tumor recurrence. Our review also presents recent advances in the in vitro/in vivo study models aimed at investigating the radioresistance mechanism in CRC. Furthermore, it provides a relevant biochemical basis in theory, which can be useful to improve radiotherapy sensitivity and prolong patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiane W Tessmann
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Murilo R Rocha
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose A Morgado-Díaz
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen H, Han Z, Luo Q, Wang Y, Li Q, Zhou L, Zuo H. Radiotherapy modulates tumor cell fate decisions: a review. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:196. [PMID: 36457125 PMCID: PMC9714175 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has always been a worldwide problem, and the application of radiotherapy has greatly improved the survival rate of cancer patients. Radiotherapy can modulate multiple cell fate decisions to kill tumor cells and achieve its therapeutic effect. With the development of radiotherapy technology, how to increase the killing effect of tumor cells and reduce the side effects on normal cells has become a new problem. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which radiotherapy induces tumor cell apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, senescence, mitotic catastrophe, and cuproptosis. An in-depth understanding of these radiotherapy-related cell fate decisions can greatly improve the efficiency of radiotherapy for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongyu Han
- Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China ,grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XSchool of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiju Li
- Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roy A, Bera S, Saso L, Dwarakanath BS. Role of autophagy in tumor response to radiation: Implications for improving radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:957373. [PMID: 36172166 PMCID: PMC9510974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.957373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved, lysosome-involved cellular process that facilitates the recycling of damaged macromolecules, cellular structures, and organelles, thereby generating precursors for macromolecular biosynthesis through the salvage pathway. It plays an important role in mediating biological responses toward various stress, including those caused by ionizing radiation at the cellular, tissue, and systemic levels thereby implying an instrumental role in shaping the tumor responses to radiotherapy. While a successful execution of autophagy appears to facilitate cell survival, abortive or interruptions in the completion of autophagy drive cell death in a context-dependent manner. Pre-clinical studies establishing its ubiquitous role in cells and tissues, and the systemic response to focal irradiation of tumors have prompted the initiation of clinical trials using pharmacologic modifiers of autophagy for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy. However, the outcome from the Phase I/II trials in many human malignancies has so far been equivocal. Such observations have not only precluded the advancement of these autophagy modifiers in the Phase III trial but have also raised concerns regarding their introduction as an adjuvant to radiotherapy. This warrants a thorough understanding of the biology of the cancer cells, including its spatio-temporal context, as well as its microenvironment all of which might be the crucial factors that determine the success of an autophagy modifier as an anticancer agent. This review captures the current understanding of the interplay between radiation induced autophagy and the biological responses to radiation damage as well as provides insight into the potentials and limitations of targeting autophagy for improving the radiotherapy of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Academy Degree College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- *Correspondence: Amrita Roy, ; ; Soumen Bera, ; ; Bilikere S. Dwarakanath, ;
| | - Soumen Bera
- B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Amrita Roy, ; ; Soumen Bera, ; ; Bilikere S. Dwarakanath, ;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Bilikere S. Dwarakanath
- Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Institute, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Amrita Roy, ; ; Soumen Bera, ; ; Bilikere S. Dwarakanath, ;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maksoud S. The DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Glioma: Molecular Players and Therapeutic Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5326-5365. [PMID: 35696013 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent type of tumor in the central nervous system, which exhibit properties that make their treatment difficult, such as cellular infiltration, heterogeneity, and the presence of stem-like cells responsible for tumor recurrence. The response of this type of tumor to chemoradiotherapy is poor, possibly due to a higher repair activity of the genetic material, among other causes. The DNA double-strand breaks are an important type of lesion to the genetic material, which have the potential to trigger processes of cell death or cause gene aberrations that could promote tumorigenesis. This review describes how the different cellular elements regulate the formation of DNA double-strand breaks and their repair in gliomas, discussing the therapeutic potential of the induction of this type of lesion and the suppression of its repair as a control mechanism of brain tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Semer Maksoud
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu Z, Zhou Y, Jing Q. Wnt5a-mediated autophagy promotes radiation resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Cancer 2022; 13:2388-2396. [PMID: 35517407 PMCID: PMC9066197 DOI: 10.7150/jca.71526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways and autophagy play an essential role in tumor progression. Canonical Wnt signaling pathways in radiation resistance have been studied in the past, but it remains unclear whether the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways can affect tumor radiation resistance through protective autophagy. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a particular subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, relies on radiation therapy. In this study, we found that radioactive rays could significantly promote the expression of Wnt noncanonical signaling pathways ligands in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, among which Wnt5A was the most markedly altered. We have demonstrated that Wnt5a can reduce the radiation sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vitro experiments. Meanwhile, we found much more greater autophagosomes in overexpressed-Wnt5A nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by electron microscopy. Further mechanism exploration revealed that Beclin1 is the main target of Wnt5A, and knocking down Beclin1 can partially reduce Wnt5a-induced radiation resistance. By studying Wnt5A-mediated protective autophagy in promoting radiation resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, we hope that the Wnt5A and Beclin1 can become effective targets for overcoming radiation resistance in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandan Zhou
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, Hunan,410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiancheng Jing
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China. Changsha, Hunan, 410001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
You B, Zhang P, Gu M, Yin H, Fan Y, Yao H, Pan S, Xie H, Cheng T, Liu H, You Y, Liu J. Let-7i-5p promotes a malignant phenotype in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via inhibiting tumor-suppressive autophagy. Cancer Lett 2022; 531:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
8
|
Shim D, Duan L, Maki CG. P53-regulated autophagy and its impact on drug resistance and cell fate. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:85-95. [PMID: 34532654 PMCID: PMC8443158 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type p53 is a stress-responsive transcription factor and a potent tumor suppressor. P53 inhibits the growth of incipient cancer cells by blocking their proliferation or inducing their death through apoptosis. Autophagy is a self-eating process that plays a key role in response to stress. During autophagy, organelles and other intracellular components are degraded in autophagolysosomes and the autophagic breakdown products are recycled into metabolic and energy producing pathways needed for survival. P53 can promote or inhibit autophagy depending on its subcellular localization, mutation status, and the level of stress. Blocking autophagy has been reported in several studies to increase p53-mediated apoptosis, revealing that autophagy can influence cell-fate in response to activated p53 and is a potential target to increase p53-dependent tumor suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Shim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carl G Maki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Demirbağ-Sarikaya S, Çakir H, Gözüaçik D, Akkoç Y. Crosstalk between autophagy and DNA repair systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:235-252. [PMID: 34377049 PMCID: PMC8313936 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2103-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and DNA repair are two essential biological mechanisms that maintain cellular homeostasis. Impairment of these mechanisms was associated with several pathologies such as premature aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Intrinsic or extrinsic stress stimuli (e.g., reactive oxygen species or ionizing radiation) cause DNA damage. As a biological stress response, autophagy is activated following insults that threaten DNA integrity. Hence, in collaboration with DNA damage repair and response mechanisms, autophagy contributes to the maintenance of genomic stability and integrity. Yet, connections and interactions between these two systems are not fully understood. In this review article, current status of the associations and crosstalk between autophagy and DNA repair systems is documented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hatice Çakir
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Devrim Gözüaçik
- SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, İstanbul Turkey.,Koç University School of Medicine, İstanbul Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), İstanbul Turkey
| | - Yunus Akkoç
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), İstanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li L, Liu WL, Su L, Lu ZC, He XS. The Role of Autophagy in Cancer Radiotherapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:31-40. [PMID: 31400274 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190809154518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy, a pathway for lysosomal-mediated cellular degradation, is a catabolic process that recycles intracellular components to maintain metabolism and survival. It is classified into three major types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Autophagy is a dynamic and multistep process that includes four stages: nucleation, elongation, autophagosome formation, and fusion. Interestingly, the influence of autophagy in cancer development is complex and paradoxical, suppressive, or promotive in different contexts. Autophagy in cancer has been demonstrated to serve as both a tumour suppressor and promoter. Radiotherapy is a powerful and common strategy for many different types of cancer and can induce autophagy, which has been shown to modulate sensitivity of cancer to radiotherapy. However, the role of autophagy in radiation treatment is controversial. Some reports showed that the upregulation of autophagy was cytoprotective for cancer cells. Others, in contrast, showed that the induction of autophagy was advantageous. Here, we reviewed recent studies and attempted to discuss the various aspects of autophagy in response to radiotherapy of cancer. Thus, we could decrease the viability of cancer cell and increase the sensibility of cancer cells to radiation, providing a new basis for the application of autophagy in clinical tumor radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, No. 28, West Changsheng Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Ling Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, No. 28, West Changsheng Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lei Su
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, No. 28, West Changsheng Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhou-Cheng Lu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiu-Sheng He
- Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, No. 28, West Changsheng Road, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kang K, Choi Y, Moon H, You C, Seo M, Kwon G, Yun J, Beck B, Kang K. Epigenomic Analysis of RAD51 ChIP-seq Data Reveals cis-regulatory Elements Associated with Autophagy in Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112547. [PMID: 34067336 PMCID: PMC8196894 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RAD51 is a key enzyme involved in homologous recombination during DNA double-strand break repair. However, recent studies suggest that non-canonical roles of RAD51 may exist. The aim of our study was to assess regulatory roles of RAD51 by reanalyzing RAD51 ChIP-seq data in GM12878, HepG2, K562, and MCF-7 cell lines. We identified 5137, 2611, 7192, and 3498 RAD51-associated cis-regulatory elements in GM12878, HepG2, K562, and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. Intriguingly, gene ontology analysis revealed that promoters of the autophagy pathway-related genes were most significantly occupied by RAD51 in all four cell lines, predicting a non-canonical role of RAD51 in regulating autophagy-related genes. Abstract RAD51 is a recombinase that plays a pivotal role in homologous recombination. Although the role of RAD51 in homologous recombination has been extensively studied, it is unclear whether RAD51 can be involved in gene regulation as a co-factor. In this study, we found evidence that RAD51 may contribute to the regulation of genes involved in the autophagy pathway with E-box proteins such as USF1, USF2, and/or MITF in GM12878, HepG2, K562, and MCF-7 cell lines. The canonical USF binding motif (CACGTG) was significantly identified at RAD51-bound cis-regulatory elements in all four cell lines. In addition, genome-wide USF1, USF2, and/or MITF-binding regions significantly coincided with the RAD51-associated cis-regulatory elements in the same cell line. Interestingly, the promoters of genes associated with the autophagy pathway, such as ATG3 and ATG5, were significantly occupied by RAD51 and regulated by RAD51 in HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. Taken together, these results unveiled a novel role of RAD51 and provided evidence that RAD51-associated cis-regulatory elements could possibly be involved in regulating autophagy-related genes with E-box binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.M.); (M.S.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (K.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3456 (K.K.); +82-43-261-2295 (K.K.)
| | - Yoonjung Choi
- Deargen Inc., 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34051, Korea; (Y.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Hyeonjin Moon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.M.); (M.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chaelin You
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (C.Y.); (G.K.)
| | - Minjin Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.M.); (M.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Geunho Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (C.Y.); (G.K.)
| | - Jahyun Yun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.M.); (M.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Boram Beck
- Deargen Inc., 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34051, Korea; (Y.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Kyuho Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (C.Y.); (G.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (K.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3456 (K.K.); +82-43-261-2295 (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mortezaee K, Najafi M, Farhood B, Ahmadi A, Shabeeb D, Musa AE. Resveratrol as an Adjuvant for Normal Tissues Protection and Tumor Sensitization. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:130-145. [PMID: 31738153 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191019143539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most complicated diseases in present-day medical science. Yearly, several studies suggest various strategies for preventing carcinogenesis. Furthermore, experiments for the treatment of cancer with low side effects are ongoing. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy are the most common non-invasive strategies for cancer treatment. One of the most challenging issues encountered with these modalities is low effectiveness, as well as normal tissue toxicity for chemo-radiation therapy. The use of some agents as adjuvants has been suggested to improve tumor responses and also alleviate normal tissue toxicity. Resveratrol, a natural flavonoid, has attracted a lot of attention for the management of both tumor and normal tissue responses to various modalities of cancer therapy. As an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, in vitro and in vivo studies show that it is able to mitigate chemo-radiation toxicity in normal tissues. However, clinical studies to confirm the usage of resveratrol as a chemo-radioprotector are lacking. In addition, it can sensitize various types of cancer cells to both chemotherapy drugs and radiation. In recent years, some clinical studies suggested that resveratrol may have an effect on inducing cancer cell killing. Yet, clinical translation of resveratrol has not yielded desirable results for the combination of resveratrol with radiotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. In this paper, we review the potential role of resveratrol for preserving normal tissues and sensitization of cancer cells in combination with different cancer treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48175-861, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed E Musa
- Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu Q, Zhang Q, Gu M, Zhang K, Xia T, Zhang S, Chen W, Yin H, Yao H, Fan Y, Pan S, Xie H, Liu H, Cheng T, Zhang P, Zhang T, You B, You Y. MIR106A-5p upregulation suppresses autophagy and accelerates malignant phenotype in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Autophagy 2020; 17:1667-1683. [PMID: 32627648 PMCID: PMC8354606 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1781368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in carcinoma progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis. We demonstrated that in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), transactivated MIR106A-5p promotes a malignant phenotype by functioning as a macroautophagy/autophagy suppressor by targeting BTG3 (BTG anti-proliferation factor 3) and activating autophagy-regulating MAPK signaling. MIR106A-5p expression was markedly increased in NPC cases based on quantitative real-time PCR, miRNA microarray, and TCGA database analysis findings. Moreover, MIR106A-5p was correlated with advanced stage, recurrence, and poor clinical outcomes in NPC patients. In addition to three-dimensional cell culture assays, zebrafish and BALB/c mouse tumor models revealed that overexpressed MIR106A-5p targeted BTG3 and accelerated the NPC malignant phenotype by inhibiting autophagy. BTG3 promoted autophagy, and its expression was correlated with poor prognosis in NPC. Attenuation of autophagy, mediated by the MIR106A-5p-BTG3 axis, occurred because of MAPK pathway activation. MIR106A-5p overexpression in NPC was due to increased transactivation by EGR1 and SOX9. Our findings may lead to novel insights into the pathogenesis of NPC. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; ATG: autophagy-related; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BLI: bioluminescence; BTG3: BTG anti-proliferation factor 3; CASP3: caspase 3; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; Ct: threshold cycle; DAPI: 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DiL: 1,1ʹ-dioctadecyl-3,3,3ʹ,3ʹ-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate; EBSS: Earle’s balanced salt solution; EGR1: early growth response 1; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IF: immunofluorescence; IHC: immunohistochemistry; ISH: in situ hybridization; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MIR106A-5p: microRNA 106a-5p; miRNAs: microRNAs; MKI67: marker of proliferation ki-67; mRNA: messenger RNA; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NPC: nasopharyngeal carcinoma; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SOX9: SRY-box transcription factor 9; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas; WB: western blot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miao Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haimeng Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haijing Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huiting Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianyi Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiwen You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Role of Rad51 and DNA repair in cancer: A molecular perspective. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107492. [PMID: 32001312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome integrity is essential for any organism survival and for the inheritance of traits to offspring. To the purpose, cells have developed a complex DNA repair system to defend the genetic information against both endogenous and exogenous sources of damage. Accordingly, multiple repair pathways can be aroused from the diverse forms of DNA lesions, which can be effective per se or via crosstalk with others to complete the whole DNA repair process. Deficiencies in DNA healing resulting in faulty repair and/or prolonged DNA damage can lead to genes mutations, chromosome rearrangements, genomic instability, and finally carcinogenesis and/or cancer progression. Although it might seem paradoxical, at the same time such defects in DNA repair pathways may have therapeutic implications for potential clinical practice. Here we provide an overview of the main DNA repair pathways, with special focus on the role played by homologous repair and the RAD51 recombinase protein in the cellular DNA damage response. We next discuss the recombinase structure and function per se and in combination with all its principal mediators and regulators. Finally, we conclude with an analysis of the manifold roles that RAD51 plays in carcinogenesis, cancer progression and anticancer drug resistance, and conclude this work with a survey of the most promising therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting RAD51 in experimental oncology.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao L, Zheng H, Cai Q, Wei L. Autophagy and Tumour Radiotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1207:375-387. [PMID: 32671760 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important component of cancer treatment modalities. With the rapid development of three-dimensional conformal, intensity-modulated, image-guided radiotherapy and the efficacy of radiotherapy continues to improve. Autophagy, as a catabolic process, is characterized by the formation of a double-membrane vesicle. Radiotherapy is known to induce autophagy in both cancer and normal cells. Here, we reviewed the interaction of radiotherapy and autophagy in the process of cancer treatment. The potential role of autophagy modification in enhancing radiotherapy treatment will also be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifei Zheng
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanyu Cai
- Department of Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Wang X, Tu W, Chen D, Fu J, Wang J, Shao C, Zhang J. Autophagy suppresses radiation damage by activating PARP-1 and attenuating reactive oxygen species in hepatoma cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1051-1057. [PMID: 30964366 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1605461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the relationship between autophagy and radiation damage of human hepatoma cells and to explore the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Materials and methods: HepG2 cells were exposed to X-rays, then the protein expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) were measured by Western blot assay, the formation of autophagosomes was detected by an autophagy detection kit, the intracellular ROS level was measured by flow cytometer, and DNA damage was evaluated by the incidence of micronuclei (MN). A CCK-8 kit was used to measure the proliferation ability of irradiated cells with or without N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) treatment. In some experiments, the hepatoma cells were transferred with LC3 siRNA or PARP-1 siRNA before irradiation. Results: The protein expressions of LC3 and PARP-1 and the inductions of autophagosomes and intracellular ROS were increased in the irradiated HepG2 cells. Pretreatment of cells with NAC relieved the irradiation-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. When HepG2 cells were transfected with the LC3 siRNA, the over-expression of PARP-1 was diminished in the irradiated cells. Compared with the control group, the inhibitions of LC3 and PARP-1 increased ROS level in the irradiated HepG2 cells and hence sensitized radiation responses of both proliferation inhibition and MN induction. Conclusion: Autophagy upregulates the expression of PARP-1 and relieves radiation damage by reducing the generation of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Wang
- a Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Wenzhi Tu
- a Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Dong Chen
- a Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiamei Fu
- a Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Juan Wang
- a Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- a Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- a Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sheng X, Zhou Y, Wang H, Shen Y, Liao Q, Rao Z, Deng F, Xie L, Yao C, Mao H, Liu Z, Peng M, Long Y, Zeng Y, Xue L, Gao N, Kong Y, Zhou X. Establishment and characterization of a radiation-induced dermatitis rat model. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3178-3189. [PMID: 30821089 PMCID: PMC6484338 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation‐induced dermatitis is a common and serious side effect after radiotherapy. Current clinical treatments cannot efficiently or fully prevent the occurrence of post‐irradiation dermatitis, which remains a significant clinical problem. Resolving this challenge requires gaining a better understanding of the precise pathophysiology, which in turn requires establishment of a suitable animal model that mimics the clinical condition, and can also be used to investigate the mechanism and explore effective treatment options. In this study, a single dose of 90 Gy irradiation to rats resulted in ulceration, dermal thickening, inflammation, hair follicle loss, and sebaceous glands loss, indicating successful establishment of the model. Few hair follicle cells migrated to form epidermal cells, and both the severity of skin fibrosis and hydroxyproline levels increased with time post‐irradiation. Radiation damaged the mitochondria and induced both apoptosis and autophagy of the skin cells. Therefore, irradiation of 90 Gy can be used to successfully establish a rat model of radiation‐induced dermatitis. This model will be helpful for developing new treatments and gaining a better understanding of the pathological mechanism of radiation‐induced dermatitis. Specifically, our results suggest autophagy regulation as a potentially effective therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Sheng
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yongyi Shen
- Nursing Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen Rao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Feiyan Deng
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Luyuan Xie
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chaoling Yao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huangxing Mao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mingjing Peng
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying Long
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Pathology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Nina Gao
- Pathology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Hunan Branch Center, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Translational Medical Center, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Min HJ, Suh KD, Lee YH, Kim KS, Mun SK, Lee SY. Cytoplasmic HMGB1 and HMGB1-Beclin1 complex are increased in radioresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 57:219-225. [PMID: 30738622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an autophagy regulator, and autophagy is important in the radioresistance of various solid cancers. We evaluated the degree of autophagy and cytoplasmic HMGB1 in radioresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by culturing the SCC15 and quasiliquid layer 1 (QLL1) SCC cell lines that originate from cancer of the oral tongue and a metastatic lymph node, respectively, and then delivered radiation to induce radioresistance to cells. We then compared the degree of autophagy between non-irradiated control and radioresistant cancer cells using a western blot assay. We also compared the total and cytoplasmic concentrations of HMGB1 between the non-irradiated control and radioresistant cancer cells by western blot assay, and extracellular concentrations of HMGB1 with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Formation of an HMGB1-Beclin1 complex was evaluated by immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Autophagy increased in the radioresistant SCC15 cells (compared with non-irradiated control SCC15 cells) but not in the radioresistant QLL1 cells. The total amount of HMGB1 expression within cells did not differ; however, the degree of cytoplasmic HMGB1 expression was higher in radioresistant SCC15 cells than in non-irradiated control SCC15 cells. The HMGB1-Beclin1 complex, which is a main regulator of autophagy, was also increased in radioresistant SCC15 cells compared with non-irradiated control SCC15 cells. Autophagy flux and cytoplasmic HMGB1-Beclin1 increased after the acquisition of radioresistance in oral SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Duk Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog-Kyun Mun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Young Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen X, Mims J, Huang X, Singh N, Motea E, Planchon SM, Beg M, Tsang AW, Porosnicu M, Kemp ML, Boothman DA, Furdui CM. Modulators of Redox Metabolism in Head and Neck Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1660-1690. [PMID: 29113454 PMCID: PMC6207163 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is a complex disease characterized by high genetic and metabolic heterogeneity. Radiation therapy (RT) alone or combined with systemic chemotherapy is widely used for treatment of HNSCC as definitive treatment or as adjuvant treatment after surgery. Antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor are used in definitive or palliative treatment. Recent Advances: Emerging targeted therapies against other proteins of interest as well as programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed death-ligand 1 immunotherapies are being explored in clinical trials. CRITICAL ISSUES The disease heterogeneity, invasiveness, and resistance to standard of care RT or chemoradiation therapy continue to constitute significant roadblocks for treatment and patients' quality of life (QOL) despite improvements in treatment modality and the emergence of new therapies over the past two decades. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As reviewed here, alterations in redox metabolism occur at all stages of HNSCC management, providing opportunities for improved prevention, early detection, response to therapies, and QOL. Bioinformatics and computational systems biology approaches are key to integrate redox effects with multiomics data from cells and clinical specimens and to identify redox modifiers or modifiable target proteins to achieve improved clinical outcomes. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jade Mims
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Xiumei Huang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Naveen Singh
- Departments of Pharmacology, Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Edward Motea
- Departments of Pharmacology, Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Muhammad Beg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Allen W. Tsang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mercedes Porosnicu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Melissa L. Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David A. Boothman
- Departments of Pharmacology, Radiation Oncology, and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang W, Tan B, Zhang J, Qiu R, Liu X, Liu D, Li X, Wang J. Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be radiosensitized by trichosanthin via inhibition of the PI3K pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4181-4186. [PMID: 30402158 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent tumor that affects the head and neck. Radiation therapy is typically used to treat NPC; however, poor prognoses and distant metastases are common due to radiation resistance. The antitumor activities of trichosanthin (TCS) have been reported in several types of tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether TCS may serve as a potential radiosensitizer in the treatment of NPC tumors. In the present study, NPC cells were treated with radiation alone or together with TCS and radiosensitivity was compared. Clonogenic assay, flow cytometry and an animal study were performed to assess cell death in NPC. The clonogenic assay demonstrated that TCS had a significant radiosensitizing effect on NPC cells. Western blotting indicated that phosphorylated protein kinase B and signal-regulated kinase [phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway] were downregulated, and that cleaved caspase-3 was upregulated by combined treatment with TCS and radiation. Furthermore, TCS potently radiosensitized NPC xenografts in vivo. In conclusion, TCS radiosensitized NPC in vitro and in vivo via downregulation of PI3K pathways and the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Bo Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Xinju Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bennetzen MV, Kosar M, Bunkenborg J, Payne MR, Bartkova J, Lindström MS, Lukas J, Andersen JS, Bartek J, Larsen DH. DNA damage-induced dynamic changes in abundance and cytosol-nuclear translocation of proteins involved in translational processes, metabolism, and autophagy. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2146-2163. [PMID: 30196736 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1515552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) causes DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and activates a versatile cellular response regulating DNA repair, cell-cycle progression, transcription, DNA replication and other processes. In recent years proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool deepening our understanding of this multifaceted response. In this study we use SILAC-based proteomics to specifically investigate dynamic changes in cytoplasmic protein abundance after ionizing radiation; we present in-depth bioinformatics analysis and show that levels of proteins involved in autophagy (cathepsins and other lysosomal proteins), proteasomal degradation (Ubiquitin-related proteins), energy metabolism (mitochondrial proteins) and particularly translation (ribosomal proteins and translation factors) are regulated after cellular exposure to ionizing radiation. Downregulation of no less than 68 ribosomal proteins shows rapid changes in the translation pattern after IR. Additionally, we provide evidence of compartmental cytosol-nuclear translocation of numerous DNA damage related proteins using protein correlation profiling. In conclusion, these results highlight unexpected cytoplasmic processes actively orchestrated after genotoxic insults and protein translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus as a fundamental regulatory mechanism employed to aid cell survival and preservation of genome integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin V Bennetzen
- a Center for Experimental BioInformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Southern Denmark , Odense M , Denmark
| | - Martin Kosar
- b Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Danish Cancer Society , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jakob Bunkenborg
- a Center for Experimental BioInformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Southern Denmark , Odense M , Denmark
| | - Mark Ronald Payne
- c National Institute of Aquatic Resources , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Jirina Bartkova
- b Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Danish Cancer Society , Copenhagen , Denmark.,d Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Solna , Sweden
| | - Mikael S Lindström
- d Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Solna , Sweden
| | - Jiri Lukas
- e Protein Signaling Program, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research , Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jens S Andersen
- a Center for Experimental BioInformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Southern Denmark , Odense M , Denmark
| | - Jiri Bartek
- b Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Danish Cancer Society , Copenhagen , Denmark.,d Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Solna , Sweden
| | - Dorthe Helena Larsen
- b Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Danish Cancer Society , Copenhagen , Denmark.,f Nucleolar Stress and Disease Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Danish Cancer Society , Copenhagen , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li H, Jin X, Chen B, Li P, Li Q. Autophagy-regulating microRNAs: potential targets for improving radiotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1623-1634. [PMID: 29971533 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most important therapeutic strategies against cancer. However, resistance of cancer cells to radiation remains a major challenge for RT. Thus, novel strategies to overcome cancer cell radioresistance are urgent. Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a biological process by which damaged cell components can be removed and accordingly represent a cytoprotective mechanism. Because radiation-induced autophagy is associated with either cell death or radioresistance of cancer cells, a deeper understanding of the autophagy mechanism triggered by radiation will expedite a development of strategies improving the efficacy of RT. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in many biological processes. Mounting evidence indicates that many miRNAs are involved in regulation of the autophagic process induced by radiation insult, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Therefore, a deep understanding of the mechanisms of miRNAs in regulating autophagy and radioresistance will provide a new perspective for RT against cancer. METHODS We summarized the recent pertinent literature from various electronic databases, including PubMed. We reviewed the radiation-induced autophagy response and its association of the role, function and regulation of miRNAs, and discussed the feasibility of targeting autophagy-related miRNAs to improve the efficacy of RT. CONCLUSION The beneficial or harmful effect of autophagy may depend on the types of cancer and stress. The cytoprotective role of autophagy plays a dominant role in cancer RT. For most tumor cells, reducing radiation-induced autophagy can improve the efficacy of RT. MiRNAs have been confirmed to take part in the autophagy regulatory network of cancer RT, the autophagy-regulating miRNAs therefore could be developed as potential targets for improving RT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Inhibition of ATG12-mediated autophagy by miR-214 enhances radiosensitivity in colorectal cancer. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:16. [PMID: 29459645 PMCID: PMC5833763 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance hampers success in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Improving our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of radioresistance could increase patients' response to irradiation (IR). MicroRNAs are a class of small RNAs involved in tumor therapy response to radiation. Here we found that miR-214 was markedly decreased in CRC cell lines and blood of CRC patients after IR exposure. Meanwhile, autophagy was enhanced in irradiated CRC cells. Mechanically, ATG12 was predicted and identified as a direct target of miR-214 by dual luciferase assay, qPCR, and Western blot. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that miR-214 promoted radiosensitivity by inhibiting IR-induced autophagy. Restoration of ATG12 attenuated miR-214-mediated inhibition of cell growth and survival in response to IR. Importantly, miR-214 was highly expressed in radiosensitive CRC specimens and negatively correlated with plasma level of CEA. Moreover, ATG12 and LC3 expressions were increased in radioresistant CRC specimens. Our study elucidates that miR-214 promotes radiosensitivity by inhibition of ATG12-mediated autophagy in CRC. Importantly, miR-214 is a determinant of CRC irradiation response and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in CRC treatment.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) promotes angiogenesis mainly via VEGF and its receptors. It promotes tumorigenesis via formation of the NRP-1/ VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)/VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) complex. In addition to VEGF and its receptors, NRP-1 also binds with other growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). PDGF plays important roles in cellular proliferation and, in particular, blood vessel formation. Moreover, recent studies show that NRP-1 promotes angiogenesis via the NRP-1-ABL pathway, but independent of VEGF-VEGFR2. RAD51 is a protein involved in the signaling pathways of NRP1-ABL and PDGF(R), the expression of which is positively associated with cell radioresistance and chemoresistance. NRP-1 activates the signaling pathways of ABL and PDGF(R) to upregulate RAD51, which induces resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer cells. Furthermore, NRP-1 activates the tumor microenvironment by binding with fibronectin and activating ABL, thereby promoting tumor growth. Inhibition of NRP-1 may overcome the limitations of individually inhibiting the VEGF-VEGFR2 pathway in cancer therapy and provide new ideas for cancer treatment. Therefore, we review the role of NRP-1 in VEGF-VEGFR2-independent tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, No.182, Tongguan Road, Lianyungang City, 222002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, No.182, Tongguan Road, Lianyungang City, 222002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yan S, Liu L, Ren F, Gao Q, Xu S, Hou B, Wang Y, Jiang X, Che Y. Sunitinib induces genomic instability of renal carcinoma cells through affecting the interaction of LC3-II and PARP-1. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2988. [PMID: 28796254 PMCID: PMC5596573 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of autophagy has been linked to increase in nuclear instability, but the role of autophagy in regulating the formation and elimination of micronuclei, a diagnostic marker for genomic instability, is limited in mammalian cells. Utilizing immunostaining and subcellular fractionation, we found that either LC3-II or the phosphorylated Ulk1 localized in nuclei, and immunoprecipitation results showed that both LC3 and Unc-51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1) interacted with γ-H2AX, a marker for the DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Sunitinib, a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was found to enhance the autophagic flux concurring with increase in the frequency of micronuclei accrued upon inhibition of autophagy, and similar results were also obtained in the rasfonin-treated cells. Moreover, the punctate LC3 staining colocalized with micronuclei. Unexpectedly, deprivation of SQSTM1/p62 alone accumulated micronuclei, which was not further increased upon challenge with ST. Rad51 is a protein central to repairing DSB by homologous recombination and treatment with ST or rasfonin decreased its expression. In several cell lines, p62 appeared in the immunoprecipites of Rad51, whereas LC3, Ulk1 and p62 interacted with PARP-1, another protein involved in DNA repair and genomic stability. In addition, knockdown of either Rad51 or PARP-1 completely inhibited the ST-induced autophagic flux. Taken together, the data presented here demonstrated that both LC3-II and the phosphorylated Ulk1 localized in nuclei and interacted with the proteins essential for nuclear stability, thereby revealing a more intimate relationship between autophagy and genomic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bolin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yange Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xin Y, Jiang F, Yang C, Yan Q, Guo W, Huang Q, Zhang L, Jiang G. Role of autophagy in regulating the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:2147-2157. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
29
|
Qu C, Zhao Y, Feng G, Chen C, Tao Y, Zhou S, Liu S, Chang H, Zeng M, Xia Y. RPA3 is a potential marker of prognosis and radioresistance for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2872-2883. [PMID: 28557284 PMCID: PMC5661258 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance-induced residual and recurrent tumours are the main cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Thus, the mechanisms of NPC radioresistance and predictive markers of NPC prognosis and radioresistance need to be investigated and identified. In this study, we identified RPA3 as a candidate radioresistance marker using RNA-seq of NPC samples. In vitro studies further confirmed that RPA3 affected the radiosensitivity of NPC cells. Specifically, the overexpression of RPA3 enhanced radioresistance and the capacity for DNA repair of NPC cells, whereas inhibiting RPA3 expression sensitized NPC cells to irradiation and decreased the DNA repair capacity. Furthermore, the overexpression of RPA3 enhanced RAD51 foci formation in NPC cells after irradiation. Immunohistochemical assays in 104 NPC specimens and 21 normal epithelium specimens indicated that RPA3 was significantly up-regulated in NPC tissues, and a log-rank test suggested that in patients with NPC, high RPA3 expression was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and a higher recurrence rate compared with low expression (5-year OS rates: 67.2% versus 86.2%; 5-year recurrence rates: 14.8% versus 2.3%). Moreover, TCGA data also indicated that high RPA3 expression correlated with poor OS and a high recurrence rate in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) after radiotherapy. Taken together, the results of our study demonstrated that RPA3 regulated the radiosensitivity and DNA repair capacity of NPC cells. Thus, RPA3 may serve as a new predictive biomarker for NPC prognosis and radioresistance to help guide the diagnosis and individualized treatment of patients with NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guokai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalan Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songran Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ma K, Fu W, Tang M, Zhang C, Hou T, Li R, Lu X, Wang Y, Zhou J, Li X, Zhang L, Wang L, Zhao Y, Zhu WG. PTK2-mediated degradation of ATG3 impedes cancer cells susceptible to DNA damage treatment. Autophagy 2017; 13:579-591. [PMID: 28103122 PMCID: PMC5361600 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1272742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ATG3 (autophagy-related 3) is an E2-like enzyme essential for autophagy; however, it is unknown whether it has an autophagy-independent function. Here, we report that ATG3 is a relatively stable protein in unstressed cells, but it is degraded in response to DNA-damaging agents such as etoposide or cisplatin. With mass spectrometry and a mutagenesis assay, phosphorylation of tyrosine 203 of ATG3 was identified to be a critical modification for its degradation, which was further confirmed by manipulating ATG3Y203E (phosphorylation mimic) or ATG3Y203F (phosphorylation-incompetent) in Atg3 knockout MEFs. In addition, by using a generated phospho-specific antibody we showed that phosphorylation of Y203 significantly increased upon etoposide treatment. With a specific inhibitor or siRNA, PTK2 (protein tyrosine kinase 2) was confirmed to catalyze the phosphorylation of ATG3 at Y203. Furthermore, a newly identified function of ATG3 was recognized to be associated with the promotion of DNA damage-induced mitotic catastrophe, in which ATG3 interferes with the function of BAG3, a crucial protein in the mitotic process, by binding. Finally, PTK2 inhibition-induced sustained levels of ATG3 were able to sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. Our findings strengthen the notion that targeting PTK2 in combination with DNA-damaging agents is a novel strategy for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Peking-Tsinghua University Center for Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Makowska A, Eble M, Prescher K, Hoß M, Kontny U. Chloroquine Sensitizes Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells but Not Nasoepithelial Cells to Irradiation by Blocking Autophagy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166766. [PMID: 27902742 PMCID: PMC5130215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma requires the application of high dosages of radiation, leading to severe long-term complications in the majority of patients. Sensitizing tumor cells to radiation could be a means to increase the therapeutic window of radiation. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells display alterations in autophagy and blockade of autophagy has been shown to sensitize them against chemotherapy. METHODS We investigated the effect of chloroquine, a known inhibitor of autophagy, on sensitization against radiation-induced apoptosis in a panel of five nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and a SV40-transformed nasoepithelial cell line. Autophagy was measured by immunoblot of autophagy-related proteins, immunofluorescence of autophagosomic microvesicles and electron microscopy. Autophagy was blocked by siRNA against autophagy-related proteins 3, 5, 6 and 7 (ATG3, ATG5, ATG6 and ATG7). RESULTS Chloroquine sensitized four out of five nasopharyngeal cancer cell lines towards radiation-induced apoptosis. The sensitizing effect was based on the blockade of autophagy as inhibition of ATG3, ATG5, ATG6 and ATG7 by specific siRNA could substitute for the effect of chloroquine. No sensitization was seen in nasoepithelial cells. CONCLUSION Chloroquine sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells but not nasoepithelial cells towards radiation-induced apoptosis by blocking autophagy. Further studies in a mouse-xenograft model are warranted to substantiate this effect in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makowska
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Eble
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Prescher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Hoß
- Electron Microscopic Facility, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Udo Kontny
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hu L, Wang H, Huang L, Zhao Y, Wang J. Crosstalk between autophagy and intracellular radiation response (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2217-2226. [PMID: 27748893 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy induced by radiation is critical to cell fate decision. Evidence now sheds light on the importance of autophagy induced by cancer radiotherapy. Traditional view considers radiation can directly or indirectly damage DNA which can activate DNA damage the repair signaling pathway, a large number of proteins participating in DNA damage repair signaling pathway such as p53, ATM, PARP1, FOXO3a, mTOR and SIRT1 involved in autophagy regulation. However, emerging recent evidence suggests radiation can also cause injury to extranuclear targets such as plasma membrane, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induce accumulation of ceramide, ROS, and Ca2+ concentration which activate many signaling pathways to modulate autophagy. Herein we review the role of autophagy in radiation therapy and the potent intracellular autophagic triggers induced by radiation. We aim to provide a more theoretical basis of radiation-induced autophagy, and provide novel targets for developing cytotoxic drugs to increase radiosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lelin Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cosway B, Lovat P. The role of autophagy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oral Oncol 2016; 54:1-6. [PMID: 26774913 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Half a million new head and neck cancers are diagnosed each year worldwide. Although traditionally thought to be triggered by alcohol and smoking abuse, there is a growing subset of oropharyngeal cancers driven by the oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV). Despite advances in both surgical and non-surgical treatment strategies, survival rates have remained relatively static emphasising the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Autophagy, the principal catabolic process for the lysosomal--mediated breakdown of cellular products is a hot topic in cancer medicine. Increasing evidence points towards the prognostic significance of autophagy biomarkers in solid tumours as well as strategies through which to harness autophagy modulation to promote tumour cell death. However, the role of autophagy in head and neck cancers is less well defined. In the present review, we summarise the current understanding of autophagy in head and neck cancers, revealing key areas for future translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cosway
- Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.
| | - Penny Lovat
- Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cortez MA, Valdecanas D, Niknam S, Peltier HJ, Diao L, Giri U, Komaki R, Calin GA, Gomez DR, Chang JY, Heymach JV, Bader AG, Welsh JW. In Vivo Delivery of miR-34a Sensitizes Lung Tumors to Radiation Through RAD51 Regulation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e270. [PMID: 26670277 PMCID: PMC5014539 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
MiR-34a, an important tumor-suppressing microRNA, is downregulated in several types of cancer; loss of its expression has been linked with unfavorable clinical outcomes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), among others. MiR-34a represses several key oncogenic proteins, and a synthetic mimic of miR-34a is currently being tested in a cancer trial. However, little is known about the potential role of miR-34a in regulating DNA damage response and repair. Here, we demonstrate that miR-34a directly binds to the 3' untranslated region of RAD51 and regulates homologous recombination, inhibiting double-strand-break repair in NSCLC cells. We further demonstrate the therapeutic potential of miR-34a delivery in combination with radiotherapy in mouse models of lung cancer. Collectively, our results suggest that administration of miR-34a in combination with radiotherapy may represent a novel strategy for treating NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angelica Cortez
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Valdecanas
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sharareh Niknam
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Uma Giri
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ritsuko Komaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel R Gomez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joe Y Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Victor Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - James William Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Qiang L, Zhao B, Shah P, Sample A, Yang S, He YY. Autophagy positively regulates DNA damage recognition by nucleotide excision repair. Autophagy 2015; 12:357-68. [PMID: 26565512 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a cellular catabolic process that is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating various normal and pathologic processes in human diseases including cancer. One cancer-driving process is accumulation of genetic mutations due to impaired DNA damage repair, including nucleotide excision repair. Here we show that autophagy positively regulates nucleotide excision repair through enhancing DNA damage recognition by the DNA damage sensor proteins XPC and DDB2 via 2 pathways. First, autophagy deficiency downregulates the transcription of XPC through TWIST1-dependent activation of the transcription repressor complex E2F4-RBL2. Second, autophagy deficiency impairs the recruitment of DDB2 to ultraviolet radiation (UV)-induced DNA damage sites through TWIST1-mediated inhibition of EP300. In mice, the pharmacological autophagy inhibitor Spautin-1 promotes UVB-induced tumorigenesis, whereas the autophagy inducer rapamycin reduces UVB-induced tumorigenesis. These findings demonstrate the crucial role of autophagy in maintaining proper nucleotide excision repair in mammalian cells and suggest a previously unrecognized tumor-suppressive mechanism of autophagy in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiang
- a Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Baozhong Zhao
- a Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Palak Shah
- a Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Ashley Sample
- a Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Seungwon Yang
- a Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- a Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sándor N, Schilling-Tóth B, Kis E, Fodor L, Mucsányi F, Sáfrány G, Hegyesi H. TP53inp1 Gene Is Implicated in Early Radiation Response in Human Fibroblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25450-65. [PMID: 26512655 PMCID: PMC4632809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein-1 (TP53inp1) is expressed by activation via p53 and p73. The purpose of our study was to investigate the role of TP53inp1 in response of fibroblasts to ionizing radiation. γ-Ray radiation dose-dependently induces the expression of TP53inp1 in human immortalized fibroblast (F11hT) cells. Stable silencing of TP53inp1 was done via lentiviral transfection of shRNA in F11hT cells. After irradiation the clonogenic survival of TP53inp1 knockdown (F11hT-shTP) cells was compared to cells transfected with non-targeting (NT) shRNA. Radiation-induced senescence was measured by SA-β-Gal staining and autophagy was detected by Acridine Orange dye and microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3 (LC3B) immunostaining. The expression of TP53inp1, GDF-15, and CDKN1A and alterations in radiation induced mitochondrial DNA deletions were evaluated by qPCR. TP53inp1 was required for radiation (IR) induced maximal elevation of CDKN1A and GDF-15 expressions. Mitochondrial DNA deletions were increased and autophagy was deregulated following irradiation in the absence of TP53inp1. Finally, we showed that silencing of TP53inp1 enhances the radiation sensitivity of fibroblast cells. These data suggest functional roles for TP53inp1 in radiation-induced autophagy and survival. Taken together, we suppose that silencing of TP53inp1 leads radiation induced autophagy impairment and induces accumulation of damaged mitochondria in primary human fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Sándor
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology, National Public Health Center-National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5, Budapest 1221, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, Üllői 26, Budapest 1089, Hungary.
| | - Boglárka Schilling-Tóth
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology, National Public Health Center-National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5, Budapest 1221, Hungary.
| | - Enikő Kis
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology, National Public Health Center-National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5, Budapest 1221, Hungary.
| | - Lili Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest 1089, Hungary.
| | - Fruzsina Mucsányi
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest 1089, Hungary.
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology, National Public Health Center-National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5, Budapest 1221, Hungary.
| | - Hargita Hegyesi
- Division of Molecular Radiobiology, National Public Health Center-National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Anna 5, Budapest 1221, Hungary.
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, College of Health Care, Semmelweis University, Vas 17, Budapest 1089, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang D, Tang B, Xie X, Xiao YF, Yang SM, Zhang JW. The interplay between DNA repair and autophagy in cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1005-13. [PMID: 25985143 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1046022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is the prime target of anticancer treatments. DNA damage triggers a series of signaling cascades promoting cellular survival, including DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy. The elevated basal and/or stressful levels of both DNA repair and autophagy observed in tumor cells, in contrast to normal cells, have been identified as the most important drug-responsive programs that impact the outcome of anticancer therapy. The exact relationship between DNA repair and autophagy in cancer cells remains unclear. On one hand, autophagy has been shown to regulate some of the DNA repair proteins after DNA damage by maintaining the balance between their synthesis, stabilization, and degradation. One the other hand, some evidence has demonstrated that some DNA repair molecular have a crucial role in the initiation of autophagy. In this review, we mainly discuss the interplay between DNA repair and autophagy in anticancer therapy and expect to enlighten some effective strategies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Key Words
- AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ATG5, autophagy-related gene 5
- ATM, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated
- ATR, ATM and Rad3-related
- BER, base excision repair
- Chk1, check-point kinase 1
- Chk2, check-point kinase 2
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DNA damage
- DNA damage response
- DNA repair
- DNA-PKcs, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
- DSBs, double-strand breaks
- HDAC, histone deacetylases
- HR, homologous recombination
- IR, ionizing radiation
- MGMT, O6 methylguanine –DNA methyltransferase
- MMR, mismatch repair
- MRN, Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1
- NER, nucleotide excision recombination
- NHEJ, non-homologous end joining
- OGG1, 8-oxoguannine DNA glycosidase
- PARP-1, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PML, promyelocytic leukemia
- SSBs, single-strand break
- TMZ, temozolomide
- TSC2, tuberous sclerosis complex 2
- anticancer therapy
- apoptosis
- autophagy
- cell cycle arrest
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- γ-H2AX, phosphorylated histone
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- a Department of Gastroenterology; Xinqiao Hospital; Third Military Medical University ; Chongqing , China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yang Y, Yang Y, Yang X, Zhu H, Guo Q, Chen X, Zhang H, Cheng H, Sun X. Autophagy and its function in radiosensitivity. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4079-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
39
|
HDAC Family Members Intertwined in the Regulation of Autophagy: A Druggable Vulnerability in Aggressive Tumor Entities. Cells 2015; 4:135-68. [PMID: 25915736 PMCID: PMC4493453 DOI: 10.3390/cells4020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of autophagy by some cancer entities to support survival and dodge death has been well-described. Though its role as a constitutive process is important in normal, healthy cells, in the milieu of malignantly transformed and highly proliferative cells, autophagy is critical for escaping metabolic and genetic stressors. In recent years, the importance of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in cancer biology has been heavily investigated, and the enzyme family has been shown to play a role in autophagy, too. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) are being integrated into cancer therapy and clinical trials are ongoing. The effect of HDACi on autophagy and, conversely, the effect of autophagy on HDACi efficacy are currently under investigation. With the development of HDACi that are able to selectively target individual HDAC isozymes, there is great potential for specific therapy that has more well-defined effects on cancer biology and also minimizes toxicity. Here, the role of autophagy in the context of cancer and the interplay of this process with HDACs will be summarized. Identification of key HDAC isozymes involved in autophagy and the ability to target specific isozymes yields the potential to cripple and ultimately eliminate malignant cells depending on autophagy as a survival mechanism.
Collapse
|
40
|
Tang H, Sebti S, Titone R, Zhou Y, Isidoro C, Ross TS, Hibshoosh H, Xiao G, Packer M, Xie Y, Levine B. Decreased BECN1 mRNA Expression in Human Breast Cancer is Associated with Estrogen Receptor-Negative Subtypes and Poor Prognosis. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:255-263. [PMID: 25825707 PMCID: PMC4376376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both BRCA1 and Beclin 1 (BECN1) are tumor suppressor genes, which are in close proximity on the human chromosome 17q21 breast cancer tumor susceptibility locus and are often concurrently deleted. However, their importance in sporadic human breast cancer is not known. To interrogate the effects of BECN1 and BRCA1 in breast cancer, we studied their mRNA expression patterns in breast cancer patients from two large datasets: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 1067) and the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) (n = 1992). In both datasets, low expression of BECN1 was more common in HER2-enriched and basal-like (mostly triple-negative) breast cancers compared to luminal A/B intrinsic tumor subtypes, and was also strongly associated with TP53 mutations and advanced tumor grade. In contrast, there was no significant association between low BRCA1 expression and HER2-enriched or basal-like subtypes, TP53 mutations or tumor grade. In addition, low expression of BECN1 (but not low BRCA1) was associated with poor prognosis, and BECN1 (but not BRCA1) expression was an independent predictor of survival. These findings suggest that decreased mRNA expression of the autophagy gene BECN1 may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of HER2-enriched, basal-like, and TP53 mutant breast cancers. The tumor suppressor genes, BECN1 and BRCA1, are in close proximity to the 17q21 breast cancer tumor susceptibility locus. We studied mRNA expression patterns of BECN1 and BRCA1 in breast cancer patients in the large TCGA and METABRIC datasets. Decreased BECN1 (but not BRCA1) expression is linked with aggressive clinico-pathological features in human breast cancer. Decreased BECN1 (but not BRCA1) expression is linked with worse survival in human breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Salwa Sebti
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Rossella Titone
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Yunyun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Nanobioimaging, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A Avogrado", Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Theodora S Ross
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 ; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Milton Packer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 ; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 ; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 ; Howard Hughes Medical Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Netea-Maier RT, Klück V, Plantinga TS, Smit JWA. Autophagy in thyroid cancer: present knowledge and future perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:22. [PMID: 25741318 PMCID: PMC4332359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Despite having a good prognosis in the majority of cases, when the tumor is dedifferentiated it does no longer respond to conventional treatment with radioactive iodine, the prognosis worsens significantly. Treatment options for advanced, dedifferentiated disease are limited and do not cure the disease. Autophagy, a process of self-digestion in which damaged molecules or organelles are degraded and recycled, has emerged as an important player in the pathogenesis of different diseases, including cancer. The role of autophagy in thyroid cancer pathogenesis is not yet elucidated. However, the available data indicate that autophagy is involved in several steps of thyroid tumor initiation and progression as well as in therapy resistance and therefore could be exploited for therapeutic applications. The present review summarizes the most recent data on the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer and we will provide a perspective on how this process can be targeted for potential therapeutic approaches and could be further explored in the context of multimodality treatment in cancer and personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romana T. Netea-Maier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Viola Klück
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Theo S. Plantinga
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes W. A. Smit
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Johannes W. A. Smit, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, Netherlands e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|