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Mohtasham N, Zarepoor M, Shooshtari Z, Hesari KK, Mohajertehran F. Genes involved in metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1977. [PMID: 38665153 PMCID: PMC11043498 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy in the oral cavity, with a significant mortality rate. In oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, the survival rate could decrease because of delayed diagnosis. Thus, prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment can effectively increase the survival rate in patients. In this systematic review, we discussed the role of different genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis. Herein, we aimed to summarize clinical results, regarding the potential genes that promote oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis. Methods This systematic review was carried out under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. An electronic search for all relevant articles published in English between January 2018 and April 2022 was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar search engines. All original studies published in English were included, and we excluded studies that were in a non-English language. Results A total of 4682 articles were found, of which 14 were relevant and detected significant genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. These findings investigated the overexpression of interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 3 (IFIT1, IFT3), high-mobility group A2 (HMGA2), transformed growth factor-beta-induced, lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP), bromodomain containing 4, COP9 signaling complex 6, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2B1 (HNRNPA2B1), 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2), cystatin-A (CSTA), fibroblast growth factors 8 (FGF8), forkhead box P3, cadherin-3, also known as P-cadherin and Wnt family member 5A, ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 7, and retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 genes lead to promote metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Overexpression of some genes (IFIT1, 3, LGALS3BP, HMGA2, HNRNPA2B1, XRN2, CSTA, and FGF8) was proven to be correlated with poor survival rates in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Conclusion Studies suggest that metastatic genes indicate a poor prognosis for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Detecting these metastatic genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients may be of predictive value and can also facilitate assessing oral squamous cell carcinoma development and its response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Mohtasham
- Dental Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySchool of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Marzieh Zarepoor
- Dental Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Zahra Shooshtari
- Dental Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Kiana Kamyab Hesari
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine StudentSciences and Research UniversityTehranIran
| | - Farnaz Mohajertehran
- Dental Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial PathologySchool of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research CenterFaculty of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Zheng J, Huang B, Xiao L, Wu M. Effects of BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 on the expression profile of super-enhancer related lncRNAs and mRNAs in cervical cancer HeLa cells. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17035. [PMID: 38410799 PMCID: PMC10896078 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of bromine domain protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitor JQ1 on the expression profile of super-enhancer-related lncRNAs (SE-lncRNAs) and mRNAs in cervical cancer (CC) HeLa-cells. Methods The CCK8 method was implemented to detect the inhibitory effect of JQ1 on HeLa cells and explore the best inhibitory concentration. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed to detect the changes of lncRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles in cells of the JQ1 treatment group and control group, respectively. The differentially expressed SE-lncRNAs were obtained by matching, while the co-expressed mRNAs were obtained by Pearson correlation analysis. Results The inhibitory effect of JQ1 on HeLa cell proliferation increased significantly with increasing concentration and treatment time (P < 0.05). Under the experimental conditions of three concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μmol/L of JQ1 on HeLa cells at 24, 48, 72 and 120 h, 1 μmol/L of JQ1 at 72 and 120 h had the same cell viability and the strongest cell proliferation inhibition. In order to understand the inhibitory mechanism of JQ1 on HeLa cells, this study analyzed the expression profile differences from the perspective of SE-lncRNAs and mRNAs. A total of 162 SE-lncRNAs were identified, of which 8 SE-lncRNAs were down-regulated and seven SE-lncRNAs were up-regulated. A total of 418 differentially expressed mRNAs related to SE-lncRNAs were identified, of which 395 mRNAs had positive correlation with 12 SE-lncRNAs and 408 mRNAs had negative correlation with 15 SE-lncRNAs. Conclusion JQ1 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells and affect the expression profile of SE-lncRNAs and mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bifen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Quanzhou Medical College People's Hospital Affiliated, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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3
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Ren J. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibition improves the efficacy of cisplatin and radiotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:272-283. [PMID: 38014458 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is highly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and plays a crucial role in tumour progression. However, the impact of BRD4 on the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by regulating the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in OSCC remains unclear. In this study, we found that the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 effectively enhanced the inhibitory effects of cisplatin and radiotherapy on cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of OSCC cells by cisplatin and radiotherapy. Furthermore, treatment with JQ1 reversed the increase of the expression of PD-L1 by cisplatin and radiotherapy, whereas the overexpression of PD-L1 partially countered the beneficial effects of JQ1 on the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin and radiotherapy. These results demonstrate that the inhibition of BRD4 improves the anticancer effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by suppressing the expression of PD-L1 in OSCC, suggesting that targeting BRD4 could be a promising therapeutic approach for chemo/radioresistant OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Ren
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Ahuja P, Yadav R, Goyal S, Yadav C, Ranga S, Kadian L. Targeting epigenetic deregulations for the management of esophageal carcinoma: recent advances and emerging approaches. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2437-2465. [PMID: 37338772 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Ranking from seventh in incidence to sixth in mortality, esophageal carcinoma is considered a severe malignancy of food pipe. Later-stage diagnosis, drug resistance, and a high mortality rate contribute to its lethality. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma are the two main histological subtypes of esophageal carcinoma, with squamous cell carcinoma alone accounting for more than eighty percent of its cases. While genetic anomalies are well known in esophageal cancer, accountability of epigenetic deregulations is also being explored for the recent two decades. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and functional non-coding RNAs are the crucial epigenetic players involved in the modulation of different malignancies, including esophageal carcinoma. Targeting these epigenetic aberrations will provide new insights into the development of biomarker tools for risk stratification, early diagnosis, and effective therapeutic intervention. This review discusses different epigenetic alterations, emphasizing the most significant developments in esophageal cancer epigenetics and their potential implication for the detection, prognosis, and treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Further, the preclinical and clinical status of various epigenetic drugs has also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Ahuja
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India.
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pt. B.D, Sharma University of Health Sciences, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Chetna Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Shalu Ranga
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, (Haryana), Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Lokesh Kadian
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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Kang JH, Splinter PL, Trussoni CE, Pirius NE, Gores GJ, LaRusso NF, O'Hara SP. The Epigenetic Reader, Bromodomain Containing 2, Mediates Cholangiocyte Senescence via Interaction With ETS Proto-Oncogene 1. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:228-243.e2. [PMID: 37059338 PMCID: PMC10330214 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.03.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We reported that cholangiocyte senescence, regulated by the transcription factor ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1), is a pathogenic feature of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Furthermore, histone 3 lysine 27 is acetylated at senescence-associated loci. The epigenetic readers, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins, bind acetylated histones, recruit transcription factors, and drive gene expression. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that BET proteins interact with ETS1 to drive gene expression and cholangiocyte senescence. METHODS We performed immunofluorescence for BET proteins (BRD2 and 4) in liver tissue from liver tissue from PSC patients and a mouse PSC model. Using normal human cholangiocytes (NHCs), NHCs experimentally induced to senescence (NHCsen), and PSC patient-derived cholangiocytes (PSCDCs), we assessed senescence, fibroinflammatory secretome, and apoptosis after BET inhibition or RNA interference depletion. We assessed BET interaction with ETS1 in NHCsen and tissues from PSC patient, and the effects of BET inhibitors on liver fibrosis, senescence, and inflammatory gene expression in mouse models. RESULTS Tissue from patients with PSC and a mouse PSC model exhibited increased cholangiocyte BRD2 and 4 protein (∼5×) compared with controls without disease. NHCsen exhibited increased BRD2 and 4 (∼2×), whereas PSCDCs exhibited increased BRD2 protein (∼2×) relative to NHC. BET inhibition in NHCsen and PSCDCs reduced senescence markers and inhibited the fibroinflammatory secretome. ETS1 interacted with BRD2 in NHCsen, and BRD2 depletion diminished NHCsen p21 expression. BET inhibitors reduced senescence, fibroinflammatory gene expression, and fibrosis in the 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-fed and Mdr2-/- mouse models. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that BRD2 is an essential mediator of the senescent cholangiocyte phenotype and is a potential therapeutic target for patients with PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Han Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patrick L Splinter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christy E Trussoni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nicholas E Pirius
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Steven P O'Hara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Orihara H, Ma M, Nagashima Y, Tochinai R, Sekizawa SI, Kato D, Shinada M, Aoki S, Fujita N, Nakagawa T, Tsuru Y, Tatewaki Y, Mutoh T, Taki Y, Nishimura R, Kuwahara M. Co-administration of JQ1, a bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor, enhances the antitumor effect of combretastatin A4, a microtubule inhibitor, while attenuating its cardiotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114353. [PMID: 36736274 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Combretastatin A4 (CA4) inhibits microtubule polymerization, and clinical trials of the prodrug, CA4 disodium phosphate (CA4DP), as an anti-cancer agent have been conducted. However, CA4DP has not been marketed to date because the margin between the effective dose and the cardiotoxic dose is insufficient. Meanwhile, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has been reported to be required for recovery from mitotic arrests induced by anti-microtubule drugs. BRD4 has also been reported to be involved in the progression of heart failure. Therefore, we hypothesized that the combined use of CA4DP with BRD4 inhibitors can enhance the antitumor effect and attenuate CA4DP-induced cardiotoxicity. In this study, the antitumor effect and cardiotoxicity caused by the co-administration of CA4DP with JQ1, a BRD4 inhibitor, were evaluated. CA4 or JQ1 alone reduced the viability of cultured canine mammary tumor cells (CHMp-13a). Viability was further reduced by co-administration, through the suppression of c-Myc. BRD4 positivity in CHMp-13a cytoplasm showed a significant increase when treated with CA4 alone, while the increase was not significant following co-administration. In CHMp-13a xenograft-transplanted mice, co-administration of CA4DP and JQ1 suppressed tumor growth significantly. In CA4DP-induced cardiac injury model rats, echocardiography showed a CA4DP-induced decrease in cardiac function and histopathology showed cardiomyocyte necrosis. Meanwhile, these cardiac changes tended to be milder following the co-administration of CA4DP and JQ1. These results suggest that CA4DP-JQ1 co-administration enhances the antitumor effect of CA4DP while attenuating its cardiotoxicity and therefore potentially open the doors to the development of a novel cancer chemotherapy with reduced cardiotoxicity risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Orihara
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Nagashima
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryota Tochinai
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aobaku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, 6-10 Sensyu-Kubota-machi, Akita-shi, Akita 010-0874, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Sekizawa
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Susumu Aoki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Tsuru
- Primetech Corp. Life Science Laboratory, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tatewaki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aobaku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aobaku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, 6-10 Sensyu-Kubota-machi, Akita-shi, Akita 010-0874, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aobaku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kuwahara
- Department of Veterinary Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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7
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Huang N, Liao P, Zuo Y, Zhang L, Jiang R. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Potent Dual EZH2-BRD4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Some Solid Tumors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2646-2662. [PMID: 36774555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) mediates the trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) to promote gene silencing. Inhibition of EZH2 is a viable strategy for cancer treatment; however, only a small subset of hematological malignancies are sensitive to small-molecule EZH2 inhibitors. EZH2 inhibitors cause H3K27 acetylation in most solid tumors, leading to drug resistance. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitors were reported to enhance the sensitivity of solid tumors to EZH2 inhibitors. Thus, we designed and evaluated a series of dual EZH2-BRD4 inhibitors. ZLD-2, the most promising compound, exhibited potent inhibitory activity against EZH2 and BRD4. Compared to the EZH2 inhibitor GSK126, ZLD-2 displayed potent antiproliferation activity against breast, lung, bladder, and pancreatic cancer cells. In vivo, ZLD-2 exhibited antitumor activity in a BxPC-3 mouse xenograft model, whereas GSK126 promoted tumor growth. Thus, ZLD-2 may be a lead compound for treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ping Liao
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yunxia Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ruotian Jiang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
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Liu S, Qin Z, Mao Y, Zhang W, Wang Y, Jia L, Peng X. Therapeutic Targeting of MYC in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2130583. [PMID: 36211811 PMCID: PMC9543056 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2130583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC plays critical roles in tumorigenesis and is considered an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Small molecules that directly target MYC and are well tolerated in vivo represent invaluable anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Here, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of MYC inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The results showed that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of MYC inhibited HNSCC proliferation and migration. MYC inhibitor 975 (MYCi975), inhibited HNSCC growth in both cell line-derived xenograft and syngeneic murine models. MYC inhibition also induced tumor cell-intrinsic immune responses, and promoted CD8+ T cell infiltration. Mechanistically, MYC inhibition increased CD8+ T cell-recruiting chemokines by inducing the DNA damage related cGAS-STING pathway. High expression of MYC combined with a low level of infiltrated CD8+ T cell in HNSCC correlated with poor prognosis. These results suggested the potential of small-molecule MYC inhibitors as anti-cancer therapeutic agents in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqing Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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9
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Yang WQ, Liang R, Gao MQ, Liu YZ, Qi B, Zhao BS. Inhibition of bromodomain-containing protein 4 enhances the migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by inducing cell autophagy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:2340-2352. [PMID: 36568944 PMCID: PMC9782615 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i12.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the predominant type of esophageal cancer, has a 5-year survival rate less than 20%. Although the cause of poor prognosis is the high incidence and mortality of ESCC, the high rate of metastasis after esophageal cancer surgery is the main cause of death after the surgery. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), an epigenetic reader of chromatin-acetylated histones in tumorigenesis and development, plays an essential role in regulating oncogene expression. BRD4 inhibition and BRD4 inhibition-based treatment can potentially suppress ESCC growth. However, the effects and mechanisms of action of BRD4 on ESCC cell migration remain unclear.
AIM To explore the effect of BRD4 on cell migration of ESCC in vitro and its possible molecular mechanism.
METHODS Human ESCC cell lines KYSE-450 and KYSE-150 were used. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay was performed to examine cell proliferation, and the transwell migration assay was conducted to test ESCC cell migration. JQ1, a BRD4 inhibitor, was applied to cells, and BRD4 siRNA was transfected into ESCC cells to knockdown endogenous BRD4. GFP-RFP-LC3 adenovirus was infected into ESCC cells to evaluate the effect of JQ1 on autophagy. Western blotting was performed to determine the protein levels of BRD4, E-cadherin, vimentin, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and p-AMPK.
RESULTS BRD4 was either downregulated by small interfering RNA or pretreated with JQ1 in ESCC cells, leading to increased tumor migration in ESCC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of BRD4 not only significantly suppressed cell proliferation but also strongly increased cell migration by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The protein expression of vimentin was increased and E-cadherin decreased in a dose-dependent manner, subsequently promoting autophagy in KYSE-450 and KYSE-150 cells. Pretreatment with JQ1, a BRD4 inhibitor, inhibited BRD4-induced LC3-II activation and upregulated AMPK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, an increased number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were observed in JQ1-treated ESCC cells. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) reversed the effects of BRD4 knockdown on ESCC cell migration and blocked JQ1-induced cell migration. 3-MA also downregulated the expression of vimentin and upregulation E-cadherin.
CONCLUSION BRD4 inhibition enhances cell migration by inducing EMT and autophagy in ESCC cells via the AMPK-modified pathway. Thus, the facilitating role on ESCC cell migration should be considered for BRD4 inhibitor clinical application to ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Esophageal Cancer Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Esophageal Cancer Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Man-Qi Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Esophageal Cancer Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Esophageal Cancer Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Life Science Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Bao-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
- Esophageal Cancer Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
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Small Molecule BRD4 Inhibitors Apabetalone and JQ1 Rescues Endothelial Cells Dysfunction, Protects Monolayer Integrity and Reduces Midkine Expression. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217453. [PMID: 36364277 PMCID: PMC9692972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling is a key regulator of inflammation and atherosclerosis. NF-κB cooperates with bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a transcriptional and epigenetic regulator, in endothelial inflammation. This study aimed to investigate whether BRD4 inhibition would prevent the proinflammatory response towards TNF-α in endothelial cells. We used TNF-α treatment of human umbilical cord-derived vascular endothelial cells to create an in vitro inflammatory model system. Two small molecule inhibitors of BRD4—namely, RVX208 (Apabetalone), which is in clinical trials for the treatment of atherosclerosis, and JQ1—were used to analyze the effect of BRD4 inhibition on endothelial inflammation and barrier integrity. BRD4 inhibition reduced the expression of proinflammatory markers such as SELE, VCAM-I, and IL6 in endothelial cells and prevented TNF-α-induced endothelial tight junction hyperpermeability. Endothelial inflammation was associated with increased expression of the heparin-binding growth factor midkine. BRD4 inhibition reduced midkine expression and normalized endothelial permeability upon TNF-α treatment. In conclusion, we identified that TNF-α increased midkine expression and compromised tight junction integrity in endothelial cells, which was preventable by pharmacological BRD4 inhibition.
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circDENND4C Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Lung Cancer by Upregulating BRD4 Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:2469691. [PMID: 34876902 PMCID: PMC8645384 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2469691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of circDENND4C on the malignant biological behavior of lung cancer and its downstream target genes and molecular mechanisms. Methods The expression of circDENND4C in lung cancer tissues and cells was detected. After transfection with silenced circDENND4C, the expression levels of circDENND4C, miR-141-3p, and BRD4 in lung cancer cells were detected by qRT-PCR. The targeting relationship between circDENND4C and miR-141-3p as well as miR-141-3p and BRD4 was verified. Cell activity was detected by CCK-8 and EdU assay. Transwell assay was used to detect the invasiveness of A549 and NCI-H1299 in each group. Effects of circDENND4C on proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer in nude mice were studied. Results In vitro and in vivo results showed that circDENND4C silencing reduced the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Mechanism studies showed that circDENND4C has a targeting relationship with miR-141-3p. However, miR-141-3p has a targeting relationship with BRD4. circDENND4C indirectly upregulated BRD4 through sponge adsorption of miR-141-3p, thereby promoting metastasis and proliferation of NSCLC. Conclusion circDENND4C, as an oncogene, promotes the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of lung cancer cells.
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12
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Jing C, Liu D, Lai Q, Li L, Zhou M, Ye B, Wu Y, Li H, Yue K, Wu Y, Duan Y, Wang X. JOSD1 promotes proliferation and chemoresistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma under the epigenetic regulation of BRD4. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:375. [PMID: 34261480 PMCID: PMC8278721 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) play critical roles in various cancers by modulating functional proteins post-translationally. Previous studies have demonstrated that DUB Josephin Domain Containing 1 (JOSD1) is implicated in tumor progression, however, the role and mechanism of JOSD1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain to be explored. In this study, we aimed to identify the clinical significance and function of JOSD1 in HNSCC. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were analyzed to find novel DUBs in HNSCC. Immunohistochemistry assay was performed to determine the expression of JOSD1 in our cohort of 42 patients suffered with HNSCC. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to identify the correlation between JOSD1 and the prognosis of HNSCC patients. The regulation of BRD4 on JOSD1 was determined by using pharmacological inhibition and gene depletion. The in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to elucidate the role of JOSD1 in HNSCC. Results The results of IHC showed that JOSD1 was aberrantly expressed in HNSCC specimens, especially in the chemoresistant ones. The overexpression of JOSD1 indicated poor clinical outcome of HNSCC patients. Moreover, JOSD1 depletion dramatically impaired cell proliferation and colony formation, and promoted cisplatin-induced apoptosis of HNSCC cells in vitro. Additionally, JOSD1 suppression inhibited the tumor growth and improved chemosensitivity in vivo. The epigenetic regulator BRD4 contributed to the upregulation of JOSD1 in HNSCC. Conclusions These results demonstrate that JOSD1 functions as an oncogene in HNSCC progression, and provide a promising target for clinical diagnosis and therapy of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jing
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qingchuan Lai
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Linqi Li
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Mengqian Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Beibei Ye
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yansheng Wu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Yuansheng Duan
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Zhang Y, Duan S, Jang A, Mao L, Liu X, Huang G. JQ1, a selective inhibitor of BRD4, suppresses retinoblastoma cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108304. [PMID: 33080301 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular cancer in children, and chemotherapy has been the first-line treatment. However, due to the side effects of chemotherapy drugs, novel treatments must be developed. JQ1, a selective inhibitor of BRD4, suppresses cell growth in several cancers in which BRD4 is overexpressed. In the present study, BRD4 was overexpressed in retinoblastoma, and JQ1 effectively inhibited RB cell proliferation and colony formation by inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, the Myc-P21-CDK2 and Myc-cyclinD3/CDK6 pathways were activated in RB cells treated with JQ1, and an animal experiment suggested that JQ1 significantly inhibited tumour growth in vivo. In conclusion, JQ1 may be a potential drug treatment for retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China; Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Alan Jang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbing Mao
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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14
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The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain inhibitor JQ1 synergistically sensitizes human colorectal cancer cells to topoisomerase I inhibitors through repression of Mre11-mediated DNA repair pathway. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:362-376. [PMID: 32981006 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives, irinotecan and topotecan are specific topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors and potent anticancer drugs. Mechanistically, they induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Although CPT is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the management of advanced colorectal cancer, there exist associated side effects. Herein, we aimed to establish novel drug combinations that can effectively aid in managing the CPT-related side effects. Besides, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors have proved as promising drugs that target epigenetic mechanisms in various cancers, they alter DNA repair processes, hence are a potential candidate for CPT synthetic lethality. A novel BET inhibitor JQ1 synergized with CPT, exerted antiproliferative effects. Through cell cycle analyses and apoptosis assays, we revealed that a combination of CPT and JQ1 induces subG1-phase arrest and enhances cell apoptosis. This combination increased the intensity of γ-H2AX staining, a specific marker of DSBs. Moreover, colorectal cancer cells highly expressing Top1 showed greater sensitivity to JQ1, which was lowered through the lentiviral shRNA-mediated knockdown of Top1. JQ1, combined with CPT, impeded the recruitment of the Mre11-mediated MRN complex. Finally, JQ1 enhanced the in vivo sensitivity of tumors to CPT without inducing toxicity. These results demonstrate that a combination of BET inhibitor with Top1 inhibitor is safe and exerts positive chemotherapeutic effects in colorectal cancer.
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15
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Combination of ACY-241 and JQ1 Synergistically Suppresses Metastasis of HNSCC via Regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186873. [PMID: 32961679 PMCID: PMC7554925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is related to aggressiveness of head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). Based on studies that HDAC6 and BRD4 are potential therapeutic targets of HNSCC, we hypothesized that the combination treatment of BET inhibitor JQ1 and HDAC6-selective inhibitor ACY-241 could exhibit synergistic anticancer effects in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC cells. In this study, HNSCC cell growth and viability were measured by CCK-8 assay, apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and metastasis was studied by wound healing and transwell assays. Furthermore, immunoblotting is conducted to investigate proteins that modulate apoptosis or metastasis. Here, we report that the combination of ACY-241 and JQ1 shows synergistic cell growth inhibition, viability reduction, and apoptosis induction in HNSCC cells through inactivation of AKT and NF-κB signaling. Importantly, we demonstrate that combined treatment of ACY-241 and JQ1 synergistically suppresses TNF-α-induced migration and invasion via dysregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and MT1-MMP. Overall, the combination of ACY-241 and JQ1 significantly suppresses proliferation and metastasis in HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC. Collectively, these findings suggest that the co-inhibition of BET and HDAC6 can be a new therapeutic strategy in HNSCC.
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Shi Y, Liu J, Zhao Y, Cao J, Li Y, Guo F. Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4: A Druggable Target. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1517-1536. [PMID: 31215391 DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666190618113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) belongs to the bromodomain and extraterminal family. BRD4 inhibitors can regulate acetylated lysine and form protein complexes that initiate transcriptional programs as an epigenetic regulator of the histone code. BRD4 was initially considered to be one of the most promising targets for combating malignant tumors. However, many recent studies have shown that BRD4 plays a crucial role in various kinds of diseases, including cancer, coronary heart disease, neurological disorder, and obesity. Currently, several BRD4 inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials. A search for new BRD4 inhibitors appears to be of great utility for developing novel drugs. In this mini-review, we highlight the inhibitors of BRD4 from natural products and synthesized sources, as well as their applications in cancer, glucolipid metabolism, inflammation, neuronal stimulation activation, human immunodeficiency virus and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaoxian Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Yamamoto T, Hirosue A, Nakamoto M, Yoshida R, Sakata J, Matsuoka Y, Kawahara K, Nagao Y, Nagata M, Takahashi N, Hiraki A, Shinohara M, Nakao M, Saitoh N, Nakayama H. BRD4 promotes metastatic potential in oral squamous cell carcinoma through the epigenetic regulation of the MMP2 gene. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:580-590. [PMID: 32499570 PMCID: PMC7435185 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has increased morbidity, and its high metastatic potential affects patient survival. Bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) is a chromatin protein that associates with acetylated histone lysines and facilitates transcription. BRD4 has been implicated in cell proliferation, metastasis, and prognosis in several types of cancer. However, the role of BRD4 in OSCC remains to be elucidated. METHODS We investigated the role of BRD4 and its potential utility as a therapeutic target in OSCC. RESULTS JQ1, the BRD4 inhibitor, suppressed the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in the OSCC cell lines and in vivo. JQ1 reduced the expression levels of 15 metastasis genes in OSCC, including matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2). Our chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that JQ1 reduced the BRD4 binding to the histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation-enriched sites in the MMP2 locus. Analyses of biopsy specimens from OSCC patients revealed that the BRD4 and MMP2 expression levels were correlated in the cancerous regions, and both were highly expressed in lymph node metastasis cases, including delayed metastasis. CONCLUSIONS BRD4 contributes to metastasis in OSCC, through the epigenetic regulation of the MMP2 gene, and thus BRD4 may represent a therapeutic target and a novel prediction indicator for metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Cancer Institute of JFCR, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Hirosue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Nakamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Junki Sakata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Matsuoka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuka Nagao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Nozomu Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Hiraki
- Section of Oral Oncology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masanori Shinohara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Noriko Saitoh
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Cancer Institute of JFCR, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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Zheng J, Zhang YW, Li TK, Bao Y, Zhang SX. [Effect of miR-204-5p on the proliferation, migration, and invasion on tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC25 cells by targeting bromodomain-containing protein 4]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:185-192. [PMID: 32314893 PMCID: PMC7184279 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the target relationship between miR-204-5p and bromodomain-containing protein (BRD) 4, as well as their effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC25. METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect miR-204-5p and BRD4 expression levels in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and different cell lines. TargetScan and dual luciferase reporter assay were used to confirm the target relationship between miR-204-5p and BRD4. The effects of miR-204-5p on SCC25 cell proliferation were examined by cell counting kit (CCK) 8 assay, whereas those on SCC25 cell migration and invasion were determined by Transwell assay. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the effects of miR-204-5p mimics and inhibitors on BRD4 expression. Transwell and CCK8 assays were used to detect the effects of miR-204-5p on proliferation, migration, and invasion through BRD4 regulation. RESULTS miR-204-5p was significantly downregulated in the tissues and cells of squamous cell carcinoma, and BRD4 showed the opposite result. The increase in miR-204-5p expression can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SCC25 cells. TargetScan and luciferase test confirmed that miR-204-5p and BRD4 had a negative regulatory relationship with BRD4, respectively. Moreover, miR-204-5p mimics can inhibit BRD4 expression, and miR-204-5p inhibitors can promote BRD4 expression upregulation. When miR-204-5p and BRD4 were overexpressed in SCC25 cells, BRD4 can make up for the inhibitory effect of miR-204-5p on SCC25 cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-204-5p could inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion in tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC25 cells by targeting BRD4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Dept. of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhang
- Dept. of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Tian-Ke Li
- Dept. of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Yang Bao
- Dept. of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Su-Xin Zhang
- Dept. of Stomatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
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Camero S, Camicia L, Marampon F, Ceccarelli S, Shukla R, Mannarino O, Pizer B, Schiavetti A, Pizzuti A, Tombolini V, Marchese C, Dominici C, Megiorni F. BET inhibition therapy counteracts cancer cell survival, clonogenic potential and radioresistance mechanisms in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 479:71-88. [PMID: 32200036 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antitumour effects of OTX015, a first-in-class BET inhibitor (BETi), were investigated as a single agent or in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) in preclinical in vitro models of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma. Herein, we demonstrated the upregulation of BET Bromodomain gene expression in RMS tumour biopsies and cell lines compared to normal skeletal muscle. In vitro experiments showed that OTX015 significantly reduced RMS cell proliferation by altering cell cycle modulators and apoptotic related proteins due to the accumulation of DNA breaks that cells are unable to repair. Interestingly, OTX015 also impaired migration capacity and tumour-sphere architecture by downregulating pro-stemness genes and was able to potentiate ionizing radiation effects by reducing the expression of different drivers of tumour dissemination and resistance mechanisms, including the GNL3 gene, that we correlated for the first time with the RMS phenotype. In conclusion, our research sheds further light on the molecular events of OTX015 action against RMS cells and indicates this novel BETi as an effective option to improve therapeutic strategies and overcome the development of resistant cancer cells in patients with RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Camero
- Department of Maternal, Infantile, and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucrezia Camicia
- Department of Maternal, Infantile, and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rajeev Shukla
- Department of Perinatal and Paediatric Pathology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Olga Mannarino
- Department of Maternal, Infantile, and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Barry Pizer
- Department of Oncology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK.
| | - Amalia Schiavetti
- Department of Maternal, Infantile, and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Tombolini
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Dominici
- Department of Maternal, Infantile, and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Momozane T, Fukui E, Funaki S, Fujii M, Kinehara Y, Ito E, Miyagawa S, Ohno Y, Sawa Y, Okumura M, Shintani Y. Efficient Differentiation of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Alveolar Epithelium Type II with a BRD4 Inhibitor. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1271682. [PMID: 31949433 PMCID: PMC6948319 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1271682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has continued to progress for lung biology and lung diseases. Efforts have focused on a variety of different applications for pluripotent stem cells. Several groups have reported successful methods for inducing differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into the airway epithelium such as alveolar epithelium type II (ATII). However, differentiation efficiency varies among reports and improvements are needed. In the present paper, we propose a novel method for elimination of residual undifferentiated murine iPSCs using JQ1, a potent inhibitor of bromodomain (BRD) and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins, for efficient differentiation into ATII. First, the murine iPSC line 20D-17 was induced to differentiate into ATII over a period of 26 days (days 0-26) using previously reported embryoid body seeding and stepwise differentiation methods. mRNA expressions of differentiation markers including surfactant protein C (Sftpc) were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results, and 17% of the cells were shown positive for prosurfactant protein C (proSPC) in flow cytometry analysis. Next, those cells were cultured three-dimensionally in Matrigel for an additional 14 days (days 26-40), during which JQ1 was added for 4 days (days 28-32) to remove residual undifferentiated iPSCs. As a result, on day 40, the mRNA expression level of Sftpc in the three-dimensional culture was maintained at the same level as on day 26 and shown to be further increased by the addition of JQ1, with 39% of the cells found to express proSPC, showing that differentiation efficiency could be further increased. Three-dimensional culture with BRD4 inhibition by JQ1 improved the differentiation induction efficiency to ATII by removing residual undifferentiated murine iPSCs during the differentiation induction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Momozane
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Fukui
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Funaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujii
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kinehara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ohno
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Meinoshin Okumura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Santos-de-Frutos K, Segrelles C, Lorz C. Hippo Pathway and YAP Signaling Alterations in Squamous Cancer of the Head and Neck. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122131. [PMID: 31817001 PMCID: PMC6947155 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer affects the upper aerodigestive tract and is the sixth leading cancer worldwide by incidence and the seventh by cause of death. Despite significant advances in surgery and chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapeutic options for this type of cancer are scarce and long term survival rates remain low. Recently, comprehensive genomic studies have highlighted the most commonly altered genes and signaling pathways in this cancer. The Hippo-YAP pathway has been identified as a key oncogenic pathway in multiple tumors. Expression of genes controlled by the Hippo downstream transcriptional coactivators YAP (Yes-associated protein 1) and TAZ (WWTR1, WW domain containing transcription regulator 1) is widely deregulated in human cancer including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Interestingly, YAP/TAZ signaling might not be as essential for the normal homeostasis of adult tissues as for oncogenic growth, altogether making the pathway an amenable therapeutic target in cancer. Recent advances in the role of Hippo-YAP pathway in HNSCC have provided evidence that genetic alterations frequent in this type of cancer such as PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) overexpression or FAT1 (FAT atypical cadherin 1) functional loss can result in YAP activation. We discuss current therapeutic options targeting this pathway which are currently in use for other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Santos-de-Frutos
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.S.-d.-F.); (C.S.)
- Molecular Oncology, Research Institute 12 de Octubre i+12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Ave Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Segrelles
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.S.-d.-F.); (C.S.)
- Molecular Oncology, Research Institute 12 de Octubre i+12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Ave Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Ave Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Corina Lorz
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (ed 70A), Ave Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.S.-d.-F.); (C.S.)
- Molecular Oncology, Research Institute 12 de Octubre i+12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Ave Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Ave Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-4962-521; Fax: +34-91-3466-484
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22
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BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 promotes immunogenic cell death in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kato Y, Kondo S, Itakura T, Tokunaga M, Hatayama S, Katayama K, Sugimoto Y. SNAIL- and SLUG-induced side population phenotype of HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells and its regulation by BET inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:152-157. [PMID: 31653342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with cancer malignancies such as invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this study, HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells were transduced with SLUG or SNAIL retroviruses, and EMT cells with mesenchymal morphology were established. The EMT cells showed a high invasive activity and resistance to several anticancer agents such as methotrexate, SN-38, and cisplatin. Furthermore, they contained about 1-10% side population (SP) cells that were not stained by Hoechst 33342. This SP phenotype was not stable; the isolated SP cells generated both SP and non-SP cells, suggesting a potential for differentiation. Gene expression analysis of SP cells suggested the alteration of genes that are involved in epigenetic changes. Therefore, we examined the effect of 74 epigenetic inhibitors, and found that two inhibitors, namely I-BET151 and bromosporine, targeting the bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) proteins, decreased the ratio of SP cells to <50% compared with the control, without affecting the immediate efflux of Hoechst 33342 by transporters. In addition, compared with the parental cells, the EMT cells showed a higher sensitivity to I-BET151 and bromosporine. This study suggests that EMT development and SP phenotype can be independent events but both are regulated by BET inhibitors in SLUG- or SNAIL-transducted HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kato
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Shingo Kondo
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Taira Itakura
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Miku Tokunaga
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shiori Hatayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
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Zhao L, Li P, Zhao L, Wang M, Tong D, Meng Z, Zhang Q, Li Q, Zhang F. Expression and clinical value of PD‐L1 which is regulated by BRD4 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1855-1869. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Stomatology Binzhou People's Hospital Binzhou Shandong China
| | - Pengchong Li
- Department of Stomatology Binzhou People's Hospital Binzhou Shandong China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Periodontology Dongguan Dental Hospital Dongguan Guangdong China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Zilin Meng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo Shandong China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo Shandong China
| | - Qing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Fenghe Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
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25
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Damaneh MS, Hu JP, Huan XJ, Song SS, Tian CQ, Chen DQ, Meng T, Chen YL, Shen JK, Xiong B, Miao ZH, Wang YQ. A new BET inhibitor, 171, inhibits tumor growth through cell proliferation inhibition more than apoptosis induction. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:700-713. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Elliott B, Millena AC, Matyunina L, Zhang M, Zou J, Wang G, Zhang Q, Bowen N, Eaton V, Webb G, Thompson S, McDonald J, Khan S. Essential role of JunD in cell proliferation is mediated via MYC signaling in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 448:155-167. [PMID: 30763715 PMCID: PMC6414252 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
JunD, a member of the AP-1 family, is essential for cell proliferation in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. We recently demonstrated that JunD knock-down (KD) in PCa cells results in cell cycle arrest in G1-phase concomitant with a decrease in cyclin D1, Ki67, and c-MYC, but an increase in p21 levels. Furthermore, the over-expression of JunD significantly increased proliferation suggesting JunD regulation of genes required for cell cycle progression. Here, employing gene expression profiling, quantitative proteomics, and validation approaches, we demonstrate that JunD KD is associated with distinct gene and protein expression patterns. Comparative integrative analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified 1) cell cycle control/regulation as the top canonical pathway whose members exhibited a significant decrease in their expression following JunD KD including PRDX3, PEA15, KIF2C, and CDK2, and 2) JunD dependent genes are associated with cell proliferation, with MYC as the critical downstream regulator. Conversely, JunD over-expression induced the expression of the above genes including c-MYC. We conclude that JunD is a crucial regulator of cell cycle progression and inhibiting its target genes may be an effective approach to block prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethtrice Elliott
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Ana Cecilia Millena
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Lilya Matyunina
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA
| | - Mengnan Zhang
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA
| | - Jin Zou
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA
| | - Nathan Bowen
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Vanessa Eaton
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Gabrielle Webb
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - Shadyra Thompson
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA
| | - John McDonald
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA
| | - Shafiq Khan
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30314, USA.
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An Y, Zhou L, Huang Z, Nice EC, Zhang H, Huang C. Molecular insights into cancer drug resistance from a proteomics perspective. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:413-429. [PMID: 30925852 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1601561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance to chemotherapy and development of specific and effective molecular targeted therapies are major obstacles facing current cancer treatment. Comparative proteomic approaches have been employed for the discovery of putative biomarkers associated with cancer drug resistance and have yielded a number of candidate proteins, showing great promise for both novel drug target identification and personalized medicine for the treatment of drug-resistant cancer. Areas covered: Herein, we review the recent advances and challenges in proteomics studies on cancer drug resistance with an emphasis on biomarker discovery, as well as understanding the interconnectivity of proteins in disease-related signaling pathways. In addition, we highlight the critical role that post-translational modifications (PTMs) play in the mechanisms of cancer drug resistance. Expert opinion: Revealing changes in proteome profiles and the role of PTMs in drug-resistant cancer is key to deciphering the mechanisms of treatment resistance. With the development of sensitive and specific mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics and related technologies, it is now possible to investigate in depth potential biomarkers and the molecular mechanisms of cancer drug resistance, assisting the development of individualized therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao An
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Zhao Huang
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , P.R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- a West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine , Sichuan University , Chengdu , PR China.,b Department of Oncology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou , P.R. China
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Wang J, Liu Z, Wang Z, Wang S, Chen Z, Li Z, Zhang M, Zou J, Dong B, Gao J, Shen L. Targeting c-Myc: JQ1 as a promising option for c-Myc-amplified esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2019; 419:64-74. [PMID: 29366803 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
c-Myc amplification-induced cell cycle dysregulation is a common cause for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but no approved targeted drug is available so far. The bromodomain inhibitor JQ1, which targets c-Myc, exerts anti-tumor activity in multiple cancers. However, the role of JQ1 in ESCC remains unknown. In this study, we reported that JQ1 had potent anti-proliferative effects on ESCC cells in both time- and dose-dependent manners by inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, cell apoptosis, and the mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Follow-up studies revealed that both c-Myc/cyclin/Rb and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were inactivated by JQ1, as indicated by the downregulation of c-Myc, cyclin A/E, and phosphorylated Rb, AKT and S6. Tumor suppression induced by JQ1 in c-Myc amplified or highly expressed xenografts was higher than that in xenografts with low expression, suggesting its potential role in prediction. In conclusion, targeting c-Myc by JQ1 could cause significant tumor suppression in ESCC both in vitro and in vivo. Also, c-Myc amplification or high expression might serve as a potential biomarker and provide a promising therapeutic option for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China
| | - Zuhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jianling Zou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China; Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China; Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, China.
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Baldan F, Allegri L, Lazarevic M, Catia M, Milosevic M, Damante G, Milasin J. Biological and molecular effects of bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) inhibitorsJQ1,IBET‐151, andIBET‐762 inOSCCcells. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:214-221. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Baldan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity of Roma ‘Sapienza' Roma Italy
| | | | - Milos Lazarevic
- Department of Human GeneticsSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Mio Catia
- Department of Medical AreaUniversity of Udine Udine Italy
| | - Maja Milosevic
- Department of Human GeneticsSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | | | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human GeneticsSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
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Integrated Chemoinformatics Approaches Toward Epigenetic Drug Discovery. CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05282-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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The Bromodomain Inhibitor N-Methyl pyrrolidone Prevents Osteoporosis and BMP-Triggered Sclerostin Expression in Osteocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113332. [PMID: 30366476 PMCID: PMC6275050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In an adult skeleton, bone is constantly renewed in a cycle of bone resorption, followed by bone formation. This coupling process, called bone remodeling, adjusts the quality and quantity of bone to the local needs. It is generally accepted that osteoporosis develops when bone resorption surpasses bone formation. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts, bone resorbing and bone forming cells respectively, are the major target in osteoporosis treatment. Inside bone and forming a complex network, the third and most abundant cells, the osteocytes, have long remained a mystery. Osteocytes are responsible for mechano-sensation and -transduction. Increased expression of the osteocyte-derived bone inhibitor sclerostin has been linked to estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and is therefore a promising target for osteoporosis management. (2) Methods: Recently we showed in vitro and in vivo that NMP (N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone) is a bioactive drug enhancing the BMP-2 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2) induced effect on bone formation while blocking bone resorption. Here we tested the effect of NMP on the expression of osteocyte-derived sclerostin. (3) Results: We found that NMP significantly decreased sclerostin mRNA and protein levels. In an animal model of osteoporosis, NMP prevented the estrogen deficiency-induced increased expression of sclerostin. (4) Conclusions: These results support the potential of NMP as a novel therapeutic compound for osteoporosis management, since it preserves bone by a direct interference with osteoblasts and osteoclasts and an indirect one via a decrease in sclerostin expression by osteocytes.
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Giblin KA, Hughes SJ, Boyd H, Hansson P, Bender A. Prospectively Validated Proteochemometric Models for the Prediction of Small-Molecule Binding to Bromodomain Proteins. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:1870-1888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Giblin
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Samantha J. Hughes
- Computational Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Helen Boyd
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50 SE, Sweden
| | - Pia Hansson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50 SE, Sweden
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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Saada-Bouzid E, Milano G, Thariat J. [Genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Impact and challenges for therapeutic management]. Bull Cancer 2018; 105:820-829. [PMID: 29937334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas are the most frequent subgroup among head and neck malignant tumors (HNSCC). Tobacco (±alcohol) and HPV infection, the two main risk factors, define two entities with distinct anatomo-clinical and genetic features. HPV-positive, non-tobacco-related HNSCCs are associated with a better prognosis, a rather simple genomic profile, frequent activating mutations of genes involved in pi3kinase-pathway, and the scarcity of mutations of tumor suppressor genes. HPV-negative, tobacco-related HNSCC are genetically more complex, are characterized by almost mandatory inactivating mutations/deletions of tumor suppressor genes (TP53, CDKN2A) and the possible, but less frequent, activating mutations or amplifications of some oncogenes that encode for cell cycle proteins or receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. This review describes the genetic features of HNSCC and discusses how these abnormalities could be incorporated into a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Saada-Bouzid
- Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, département d'oncologie médicale, 33, avenue de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France; Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, laboratoire d'onco-pharmacologie, 33, avenue de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France.
| | - Gérard Milano
- Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, laboratoire d'onco-pharmacologie, 33, avenue de Valombrose, 06189 Nice, France
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Centre François-Baclesse, département de radiothérapie, 3, avenue Général-Harris, 14076 Caen, France
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Hitting two oncogenic machineries in cancer cells: cooperative effects of the multi-kinase inhibitor ponatinib and the BET bromodomain blockers JQ1 or dBET1 on human carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26491-26506. [PMID: 29899872 PMCID: PMC5995173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous new targeted drugs, including multi-kinase inhibitors and epigenetic modulators have been developed for cancer treatment. Ponatinib blocks a variety of tyrosine kinases including ABL and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), and the BET bromodomain (BRD) antagonists JQ1 and dBET1 impede MYC oncogene expression. Both drugs have demonstrated substantial anti-cancer efficacy against several hematological malignancies. Solid tumors, on the other hand, although frequently driven by FGFR and/or MYC, are often unresponsive to these drugs. This is due, at least in part, to compensatory feedback-loops in the kinome and transcription network of these tumors, which are activated in response to drug exposure. Therefore, we hypothesized that the combination of the multi-kinase inhibitor ponatinib with transcription modulators such as JQ1 or dBET1 might overcome this therapeutic recalcitrance. Using 3H-thymidine uptake, cell cycle analysis, and caspase-3 or Annexin V labeling, we demonstrate that single drugs induce moderate dose-dependent growth-inhibition and/or apoptosis in colon (HCT116, HT29), breast (MCF-7, SKBR3) and ovarian (A2780, SKOV3) cancer cells. Ponatinib elicited primarily apoptosis, while JQ1 and dBET1 caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and very mild cell death. Phospho-FGFR and MYC, major targets of ponatinib and BET inhibitors, were downregulated after treatment with single drugs. Remarkably, ponatinib was found to sensitize cells to BET antagonists by enhancing apoptotic cell death, and this effect was associated with downregulation of MYC. In summary, our data shows that ponatinib sensitizes colon, breast, and ovarian cancer cells to BET bromodomain inhibitors. Further studies are warranted to determine the clinical value of this phenomenon.
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Leonard B, Brand TM, O'Keefe RA, Lee ED, Zeng Y, Kemmer JD, Li H, Grandis JR, Bhola NE. BET Inhibition Overcomes Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Mediated Cetuximab Resistance in HNSCC. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4331-4343. [PMID: 29792310 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cetuximab, the FDA-approved anti-EGFR antibody for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), has displayed limited efficacy due to the emergence of intrinsic and acquired resistance. We and others have demonstrated that cetuximab resistance in HNSCC is driven by alternative receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), including HER3, MET, and AXL. In an effort to overcome cetuximab resistance and circumvent toxicities associated with the administration of multiple RTK inhibitors, we sought to identify a common molecular target that regulates expression of multiple RTK. Bromodomain-containing protein-4 (BRD4) has been shown to regulate the transcription of various RTK in the context of resistance to PI3K and HER2 inhibition in breast cancer models. We hypothesized that, in HNSCC, targeting BRD4 could overcome cetuximab resistance by depleting alternative RTK expression. We generated independent models of cetuximab resistance in HNSCC cell lines and interrogated their RTK and BRD4 expression profiles. Cetuximab-resistant clones displayed increased expression and activation of several RTK, such as MET and AXL, as well as an increased percentage of BRD4-expressing cells. Both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of BRD4 abrogated cell viability in models of acquired and intrinsic cetuximab resistance and was associated with a robust decrease in alternative RTK expression by cetuximab. Combined treatment with cetuximab and bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 significantly delayed acquired resistance and RTK upregulation in patient-derived xenograft models of HNSCC. These findings indicate that the combination of cetuximab and bromodomain inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with HNSCC.Significance: Inhibition of bromodomain protein BRD4 represents a potential therapeutic strategy to circumvent the toxicities and financial burden of targeting the multiple receptor tyrosine kinases that drive cetuximab resistance in HNSCC and NSCLC.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/15/4331/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(15); 4331-43. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Leonard
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Toni M Brand
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rachel A O'Keefe
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eliot D Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jacquelyn D Kemmer
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Neil E Bhola
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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JQ1 synergizes with the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-263 against MYCN-amplified small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86312-86324. [PMID: 29156797 PMCID: PMC5689687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a clinically aggressive cancer with very poor prognosis. Amplification of MYC family genes and overexpression of Bcl-2 protein are common in SCLC, and they are likely therapeutic targets for SCLC. Previous clinical study showed that single agent targeting Bcl-2 with ABT-263 was of limited efficacy in SCLC. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that co-targeting of N-Myc and Bcl-2 resulted in marked synergistic antitumor effects in MYCN-amplified SCLC. We found that MYCN-amplified SCLC cells were highly sensitive to a Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain (BET) inhibitor JQ1, which was able to inhibit N-Myc protein expression. The inhibition of N-Myc by JQ1 induced the expression of Bim, and thereby sensitizing MYCN-amplified SCLC cells to ABT-263. The knockdown on Bim by siRNA reduced this JQ1/ABT-263 induced cell death. ABT-263 and JQ1 co-treatment in MYCN-amplified SCLC cells markedly disrupted Bim/Bcl-2 interaction, and prevented Bim's interaction with Mcl-1. Importantly, this JQ1/ABT-263 co-targeting substantially inhibited the growth of MYCN-amplified SCLC xenografts in vivo. Our study demonstrates a new JQ-1/ABT-263 co-targeting strategy that can be employed for MYCN-amplified SCLC with high efficacy.
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Wang L, Wu X, Wang R, Yang C, Li Z, Wang C, Zhang F, Yang P. BRD4 inhibition suppresses cell growth, migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Biol Res 2017; 50:19. [PMID: 28545522 PMCID: PMC5445403 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibition is a new therapeutic strategy for many malignancies. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of BRD4 inhibition by JQ1 on in vitro cell growth, migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). Methods The human normal epithelial cells and SACC cells (ACC-LM and ACC-83) were treated with JQ1 at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5 or 1 μM. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution was evaluated by Flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining was used to examine the expression of BRD4 in SACC cells. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay and western blot assay were performed to examine messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in SACC cells. Wound-healing assay and transwell assay were used to evaluate the activities of migration and invasion of SACC cells. Results JQ1 exhibits no adverse effects on proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis of the normal human epithelial cells, while suppressed proliferation and cell cycle, and induced apoptosis of SACC cells, down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of BRD4 in SACC cells, meanwhile reduced protein expressions of c-myc and BCL-2, two known target genes of BRD4. Moreover, JQ1 inhibited SACC cell migration and invasion by regulating key epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics including E-cadherin, Vimentin and Twist. Conclusions BRD4 is an important transcription factor in SACC and BRD4 inhibition by JQ1 may be a new strategy for SACC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuyin Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Stomatology, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, 271100, Shandong, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chengzhe Yang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, and Institute of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Cunwei Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fenghe Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pishan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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