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Siciliano AC, Forciniti S, Onesto V, Iuele H, Cave DD, Carnevali F, Gigli G, Lonardo E, Del Mercato LL. A 3D Pancreatic Cancer Model with Integrated Optical Sensors for Noninvasive Metabolism Monitoring and Drug Screening. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401138. [PMID: 38978424 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
A distinct feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a prominent tumor microenvironment (TME) with remarkable cellular and spatial heterogeneity that meaningfully impacts disease biology and treatment resistance. The dynamic crosstalk between cancer cells and the dense stromal compartment leads to spatially and temporally heterogeneous metabolic alterations, such as acidic pH that contributes to drug resistance in PDAC. Thus, monitoring the extracellular pH metabolic fluctuations within the TME is crucial to predict and to quantify anticancer drug efficacy. Here, a simple and reliable alginate-based 3D PDAC model embedding ratiometric optical pH sensors and cocultures of tumor (AsPC-1) and stromal cells for simultaneously monitoring metabolic pH variations and quantify drug response is presented. By means of time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) coupled with a fully automated computational analysis, the extracellular pH metabolic variations are monitored and quantified over time during drug testing with gemcitabine, folfirinox, and paclitaxel, commonly used in PDAC therapy. In particular, the extracellular acidification is more pronounced after drugs treatment, resulting in increased antitumor effect correlated with apoptotic cell death. These findings highlight the importance of studying the influence of cellular metabolic mechanisms on tumor response to therapy in 3D tumor models, this being crucial for the development of personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiara Siciliano
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (Cnr-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Stefania Forciniti
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (Cnr-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Valentina Onesto
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (Cnr-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Helena Iuele
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (Cnr-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Donatella Delle Cave
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, National Research Council (Cnr-IGB), Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Federica Carnevali
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (Cnr-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (Cnr-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Enza Lonardo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, National Research Council (Cnr-IGB), Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (Cnr-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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Chen H, Zhu MZ, Wang XT, Ai M, Li SS, Wan MY, Wang PY, Cai WW, Hou B, Xu F, Lang F, Qiu LY, Zhou YT. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 inhibits Lewis lung cancer cell migration via NHE1-sensitive metabolic reprograming. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:182-199. [PMID: 37921568 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
High prevalence and metastasis rates are characteristics of lung cancer. Glycolysis provides energy for the development and metastasis of cancer cells. The 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3 ) has been linked to reducing cancer risk and regulates various physiological functions. We hypothesized that 1,25(OH)2 D3 could be associated with the expression and activity of Na+ /H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) of Lewis lung cancer cells, thus regulating glycolysis as well as migration by actin reorganization. Followed by online public data analysis, Vitamin D3 receptor, the receptor of 1,25(OH)2 D3 has been proved to be abundant in lung cancers. We demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment suppressed transcript levels, protein levels, and activity of NHE1 in LLC cells. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment resets the metabolic balance between glycolysis and OXPHOS, mainly including reducing glycolytic enzymes expression and lactate production. In vivo experiments showed the inhibition effects on tumor growth as well. Therefore, we concluded that 1,25(OH)2 D3 could amend the NHE1 function, which leads to metabolic reprogramming and cytoskeleton reconstruction, finally inhibits the cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Zhen Zhu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Ting Wang
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ai
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory Animal Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Li
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yu Wan
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yao Wang
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Cai
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Hou
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Li-Ying Qiu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Tao Zhou
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Rawat SG, Tiwari RK, Kumar A. Blockade of phosphodiesterase 5 by sildenafil reduces tumor growth and potentiates tumor-killing ability of cisplatin in vivo against T cell lymphoma: Implication of modulated apoptosis, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and pH regulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1909-1922. [PMID: 38059649 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past years, PDE5 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for many cancers due to its highly upregulated expression. Interestingly, a recent in vitro study by our group has shown the antitumor and chemopotentiating action of sildenafil against T cell lymphoma. Our study showed that lower doses of sildenafil (50 μM) and cisplatin (0.5 μg/mL) exhibited 4% and 23% cytotoxicity against HuT78 cells, respectively, which was dramatically increased up to 50% when treated with both. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the antitumor and chemo-potentiating action of sildenafil in a murine model of T cell lymphoma (popularly called as Dalton's lymphoma [DL]). In the present study, DL-bearing mice were administered with vehicle (PBS), sildenafil (5 mg/kg bw), cisplatin (5 mg/kg bw), and sildenafil and cisplatin followed by evaluation of their impact on tumor growth by analyzing various parameters. The apoptosis was assessed by Wright-Giemsa, annexin-V, and DAPI staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was examined through DCFDA staining. The expression of genes and proteins were estimated by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The experimental findings of the study demonstrate for the first time that sildenafil inhibits tumor growth and potentiates tumor inhibitory ability of cisplatin by altering apoptosis, glycolysis, ROS homeostasis, and pH regulation in T cell lymphoma-carrying host. In addition, our investigation also showed amelioration of tumor-induced liver and kidney damage by sildenafil. Overall, the experimental data of our study strongly advocate the use and repurposing of SDF in designing promising chemotherapeutic regimens against malignancies of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Govind Rawat
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Xiao P, Li C, Liu Y, Gao Y, Liang X, Liu C, Yang W. The role of metal ions in the occurrence, progression, drug resistance, and biological characteristics of gastric cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1333543. [PMID: 38370477 PMCID: PMC10869614 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1333543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal ions exert pivotal functions within the human body, encompassing essential roles in upholding cell structure, gene expression regulation, and catalytic enzyme activity. Additionally, they significantly influence various pathways implicated in divergent mechanisms of cell death. Among the prevailing malignant tumors of the digestive tract worldwide, gastric cancer stands prominent, exhibiting persistent high mortality rates. A compelling body of evidence reveals conspicuous ion irregularities in tumor tissues, encompassing gastric cancer. Notably, metal ions have been observed to elicit distinct contributions to the progression, drug resistance, and biological attributes of gastric cancer. This review consolidates pertinent literature on the involvement of metal ions in the etiology and advancement of gastric cancer. Particular attention is directed towards metal ions, namely, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn, elucidating their roles in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer, cellular demise processes, drug resistance phenomena, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtuo Xiao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojing Liang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Jiang X, Huang K, Sun X, Li Y, Hua L, Liu F, Huang R, Du J, Zeng H. Hexamethylene amiloride synergizes with venetoclax to induce lysosome-dependent cell death in acute myeloid leukemia. iScience 2024; 27:108691. [PMID: 38205254 PMCID: PMC10776932 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors maintain an alkaline intracellular environment to enable rapid growth. The proton exporter NHE1 participates in maintenance of this pH gradient. However, whether targeting NHE1 could inhibit the growth of tumor cells remains unknown. Here, we report that the NHE1 inhibitor Hexamethylene amiloride (HA) efficiently suppresses the growth of AML cell lines. Moreover, HA combined with venetoclax synergized to efficiently inhibit the growth of AML cells. Interestingly, lysosomes are the main contributors to the synergism of HA and venetoclax in inhibiting AML cells. Most importantly, the combination of HA and venetoclax also had prominent anti-leukemia effects in both xenograft models and bone marrow samples from AML patients. In summary, our results provide evidence that the NHE1 inhibitor HA or its combination with venetoclax efficiently inhibits the growth of AML in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kexiu Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiaofan Sun
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Fangshu Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
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SLC9A1 Binding mTOR Signaling Pathway-Derived Risk Score Predicting Survival and Immune in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3937352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the common renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with a high risk of recurrence. Considering that SLC9A1 is involved in various cellular physiological processes and probably mediates the course of mTOR signaling in tumors, this study constructed a risk model for SLC9A1 combined with mTOR signaling in ccRCC, aiming at better predicting the prognosis of patients. Methods. ccRCC expression matrices were downloaded from TCGA and ICGC databases to compare the expression of SLC9A1 in TCGA, and qRT-PCR was adopted to validate the SLC9A1 expression in different RCC cells and normal kidney cells. The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms were used to assess samples for immunity. mTOR signaling-associated genes were downloaded from the KEGG website, and then the genes were adopted to screen genes associated with SLC9A1 expression and mTOR signaling pathway colleagues, based on which univariate COX regression and lasso regression Cox analyses were conducted to construct a ccRCC prognostic risk model. ROC curves and nomograms were used to assess the validity of the models. Results. ccRCC tumor samples showed lower SLC9A1 expression than normal samples, as also evidenced by qRT-PCR. The SLC9A1 expression was highly correlated with tumor immunity. Totally, 564 key genes associated with both SLC9A1 expression and mTOR signaling were screened out, and the risk model consisting of 11 gene signatures was constructed in ccRCC based on the 564 genes. Since patients at a high risk had poorer survival outcomes, the high-risk group presented poorer immunotherapy outcomes. Moreover, a higher clinical grade of patients suggested a higher risk score. The risk score can serve as one independent prognostic factor for the prognosis prediction of ccRCC patients. Conclusion. An extremely promising prognostic indicator for ccRCC based on SLCA9A1 and mTOR signaling has been constructed to provide reference for clinical treatment.
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Targeting Na-H exchanger 1 overcomes nuclear factor kappa B-mediated tumor resistance to radiotherapy. Neoplasia 2022; 35:100862. [PMID: 36508876 PMCID: PMC9761853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic or acquired radioresistance often limits the efficacy of radiation therapy (RT), thereby leading to local control failure. Cancerous cells have abnormal pH dynamics due to high metabolic demands, but it is unclear how pH dynamics contribute to radioresistance. In this study, we investigated the role of Na-H exchange 1 (NHE1), the major intracellular pH (pHi) regulator, in RT response. We observed that RT increased NHE1 expression and modulated pHi in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. When combined with RT, pharmacological NHE1 inhibition by 5-(N-Ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA) reduced pHi and clonogenic survival. EIPA attenuated radiation-damaged DNA repair, increasing G2/M cell cycle arrest. The combination of EIPA and RT increased apoptotic cell death while decreasing phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. Similarly, the knockdown of NHE1 increased radiosensitivity with lower pHi and increased apoptosis. Consistent with in vitro data, the EIPA plus RT inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors in mice to a greater extent than either EIPA or RT alone. EIPA abrogated the RT-induced increase in NHE1 and phospho-NF-κB p65 expression in tumor tissues. Such coincidence of increased NHE1 level, pHi, and NF-κB activation was also found in radioresistant MDA-MB-231 cells, which were reversed by EIPA treatment. Bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed that inhibiting NHE1 reversed three core gene networks that were up-regulated in radioresistant cells and correlated with high NHE1 expression in patient samples: NF-κB, senescence, and extracellular matrix. Taken together, our findings suggest that NHE1 contributes to RT resistance via NF-κB-mediated signaling networks, and NHE1 may be a promising target for improving RT outcomes.
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Li X, Yang Y, Zhang B, Lin X, Fu X, An Y, Zou Y, Wang JX, Wang Z, Yu T. Lactate metabolism in human health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:305. [PMID: 36050306 PMCID: PMC9434547 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current understanding of lactate extends from its origins as a byproduct of glycolysis to its role in tumor metabolism, as identified by studies on the Warburg effect. The lactate shuttle hypothesis suggests that lactate plays an important role as a bridging signaling molecule that coordinates signaling among different cells, organs and tissues. Lactylation is a posttranslational modification initially reported by Professor Yingming Zhao’s research group in 2019. Subsequent studies confirmed that lactylation is a vital component of lactate function and is involved in tumor proliferation, neural excitation, inflammation and other biological processes. An indispensable substance for various physiological cellular functions, lactate plays a regulatory role in different aspects of energy metabolism and signal transduction. Therefore, a comprehensive review and summary of lactate is presented to clarify the role of lactate in disease and to provide a reference and direction for future research. This review offers a systematic overview of lactate homeostasis and its roles in physiological and pathological processes, as well as a comprehensive overview of the effects of lactylation in various diseases, particularly inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Li
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaotong Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Yulin Zou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jian-Xun Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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Li X, Fliegel L. Permissive role of Na +/H + exchanger isoform 1 in migration and invasion of triple-negative basal-like breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1207-1216. [PMID: 35084672 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer, it is the resulting metastasis that is the primary cause of fatality. pH regulatory proteins and the tumor microenvironment play an important role in metastasis of cancer cells and acid-extruding proteins are critical in this process. There are several types of breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer tends to be more metastatic and invasive and is itself is composed of several types. MDA-MB-468 are a triple-negative breast cancer cell line and are classified as basal-like and basal tumors account for up to 15% of breast cancers. Here we examined the effect of removal of the acid-extruding protein, the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform one, from MDA-MB-468 cells. NHE1 was deleted from these cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Western blotting and measurement of activity confirmed the absence of the protein. In wounding/cell migration experiments, deletion of NHE1 reduced the rate of cell migration in the presence of low- or high-serum concentrations. Anchorage-dependent colony formation was also greatly reduced by deletion of the NHE1 protein. Cell proliferation was not affected by knockout of NHE1. The results demonstrate that NHE1 has an important role in migration and invasion of basal-like triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Takatani-Nakase T, Matsui C, Hosotani M, Omura M, Takahashi K, Nakase I. Hypoxia enhances motility and EMT through the Na +/H + exchanger NHE-1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2022; 412:113006. [PMID: 34979106 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Hypoxia in the tumor mass is believed to trigger cell migration, which is involved in a crucial process of breast cancer metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior under hypoxic conditions have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate the significant motility of MDA-MB-231 cells cultured under hypoxic conditions compared to that of cells cultured under normoxic conditions. MDA-MB-231 cells under hypoxic conditions showed a significant increase in Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) expression level, which was observed to co-locate in lamellipodia formation. Inhibition of NHE1 significantly suppressed the intracellular pH and the expression of mesenchymal markers, thereby blocking the high migration activity in hypoxia. Moreover, treatment with ciglitazone, a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, modulated hypoxia-enhanced motion in cells via the repression of NHE1. These findings highlight that NHE1 is required for migratory activity through the enhancement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MDA-MB-231 cells under hypoxic conditions, and we propose new drug repurposing strategies targeting hypoxia based on NHE1 suppression by effective usage of PPARγ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Takatani-Nakase
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8179, Japan; Institute for Bioscience, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8179, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Matsui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8179, Japan
| | - Maiko Hosotani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8179, Japan
| | - Mika Omura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8179, Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan; NanoSquare Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan.
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Youssef A, Haskali MB, Gorringe KL. The Protein Landscape of Mucinous Ovarian Cancer: Towards a Theranostic. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5596. [PMID: 34830751 PMCID: PMC8616050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MOC is a rare histotype of epithelial ovarian cancer, and current management options are inadequate for the treatment of late stage or recurrent disease. A shift towards personalised medicines in ovarian cancer is being observed, with trials targeting specific molecular pathways, however, MOC lags due to its rarity. Theranostics is a rapidly evolving category of personalised medicine, encompassing both a diagnostic and therapeutic approach by recognising targets that are expressed highly in tumour tissue in order to deliver a therapeutic payload. The present review evaluates the protein landscape of MOC in recent immunohistochemical- and proteomic-based research, aiming to identify potential candidates for theranostic application. Fourteen proteins were selected based on cell membrane localisation: HER2, EGFR, FOLR1, RAC1, GPR158, CEACAM6, MUC16, PD-L1, NHE1, CEACAM5, MUC1, ACE2, GP2, and PTPRH. Optimal proteins to target using theranostic agents must exhibit high membrane expression on cancerous tissue with low expression on healthy tissue to afford improved disease outcomes with minimal off-target effects and toxicities. We provide guidelines to consider in the selection of a theranostic target for MOC and suggest future directions in evaluating the results of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkan Youssef
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Mohammad B. Haskali
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kylie L. Gorringe
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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12
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Mo L, Xu L, Jia M, Su B, Hu Y, Hu Z, Li H, Zhao C, Zhao Z, Li J. Shikonin suppresses the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by downregulating NHE1 in bladder cancer cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:6814-6824. [PMID: 34659570 PMCID: PMC8518005 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin (SK) is the major bioactive component extracted from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon with anticancer activity. SK could inhibit the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism is elusive. In the present study, the inhibitory activities of SK on proliferation, invasion and migration were examined in bladder cancer (BC) cells. SK potently decreased the viabilities of BC cells but showed less cytotoxicity to normal bladder epithelial cells. Moreover, SK reversed the EMT, suppressed the migration and invasion of BC cells. Intriguingly, NHE1, the major proton efflux pump, was dramatically down-regulated by SK. The EMT-inhibitory effect of SK was mediated by NHE1 down-regulation, as NHE1-overexpress alleviated while Cariporide (NHE1 inhibitor) enhanced this effect. Further, enforced alkalinization of intracellular pH (pHi) reversed the EMT-inhibitory effect of SK, indicating a key role of acidic pHi in this process. Finally, elevated NHE1 expression was observed in human bladder cancer tissues. Collectively, this research reveals a supportive effect of NHE1 and alkaline pHi on EMT. SK can suppress EMT through inhibiting NHE1 and hence inducing an acidic pHi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Mo
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, 14 Jinhui Road, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Xu
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, 14 Jinhui Road, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jia
- Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, 14 Jinhui Road, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bijia Su
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, 14 Jinhui Road, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaolong Hu
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Hu
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenye Zhao
- Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, 14 Jinhui Road, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Zhao
- Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, 14 Jinhui Road, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Institute of Biotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Ruipuxun Academy for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, 14 Jinhui Road, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
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13
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Buckley BJ, Kumar A, Aboelela A, Bujaroski RS, Li X, Majed H, Fliegel L, Ranson M, Kelso MJ. Screening of 5- and 6-Substituted Amiloride Libraries Identifies Dual-uPA/NHE1 Active and Single Target-Selective Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062999. [PMID: 33804289 PMCID: PMC8000185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The K+-sparing diuretic amiloride shows off-target anti-cancer effects in multiple rodent models. These effects arise from the inhibition of two distinct cancer targets: the trypsin-like serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a cell-surface mediator of matrix degradation and tumor cell invasiveness, and the sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 (NHE1), a central regulator of transmembrane pH that supports carcinogenic progression. In this study, we co-screened our library of 5- and 6-substituted amilorides against these two targets, aiming to identify single-target selective and dual-targeting inhibitors for use as complementary pharmacological probes. Closely related analogs substituted at the 6-position with pyrimidines were identified as dual-targeting (pyrimidine 24 uPA IC50 = 175 nM, NHE1 IC50 = 266 nM, uPA selectivity ratio = 1.5) and uPA-selective (methoxypyrimidine 26 uPA IC50 = 86 nM, NHE1 IC50 = 12,290 nM, uPA selectivity ratio = 143) inhibitors, while high NHE1 potency and selectivity was seen with 5-morpholino (29 NHE1 IC50 = 129 nM, uPA IC50 = 10,949 nM; NHE1 selectivity ratio = 85) and 5-(1,4-oxazepine) (30 NHE1 IC50 = 85 nM, uPA IC50 = 5715 nM; NHE1 selectivity ratio = 67) analogs. Together, these amilorides comprise a new toolkit of chemotype-matched, non-cytotoxic probes for dissecting the pharmacological effects of selective uPA and NHE1 inhibition versus dual-uPA/NHE1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Buckley
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW 2750, Australia
- Correspondence: (B.J.B.); (M.J.K.); Tel.: +61-2-4221-5085 (M.J.K.)
| | - Ashna Kumar
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ashraf Aboelela
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Richard S. Bujaroski
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Xiuju Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Hiwa Majed
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (X.L.); (L.F.)
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Michael J. Kelso
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.K.); (A.A.); (R.S.B.); (H.M.); (M.R.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: (B.J.B.); (M.J.K.); Tel.: +61-2-4221-5085 (M.J.K.)
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14
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Hu Y, Lou J, Jin Z, Yang X, Shan W, Du Q, Liao Q, Xu J, Xie R. Advances in research on the regulatory mechanism of NHE1 in tumors. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:273. [PMID: 33717270 PMCID: PMC7885159 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors pose a major threat to human health and present with difficulties that modern medicine has yet to overcome. It has been demonstrated that the acid-base balance of the tumor microenvironment is closely associated with the dynamic balance in the human body and that it regulates several processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, intracellular enzyme activity, and cytoskeletal assembly and depolymerization. It has been well established that the regulation of intra- and extracellular pH depends on a series of functional ion transporters and hydrogen ion channels, such as the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) protein and thee Cl/HCO3- exchange protein, among which the NHE1 member of the NHE family has been attracting increasing attention in recent years, particularly in studies on the correlation between pH regulation and tumors. NHE1 is a housekeeping gene encoding a protein that is widely expressed on the surface of all plasma membranes. Due to its functional domain, which determines the pHi at its N-terminus and C-terminus, NHE1 is involved in the regulation of the cellular pH microenvironment. It has been reported in the literature that NHE1 can regulate cell volume, participate in the transmembrane transport of intracellular and extracellular ions, affect cell proliferation and apoptosis, and regulate cell behavior and cell cycle progression; however, research on the role of NHE1 in tumorigenesis and tumor development in various systems is at its early stages. The aim of the present study was to review the current research on the correlation between the NHE family proteins and various systemic tumors, in order to indicate a new direction for antitumor drug development with the pH microenvironment as the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Weixi Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qiushi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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15
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Ando H, Eshima K, Ishida T. Neutralization of Acidic Tumor Microenvironment (TME) with Daily Oral Dosing of Sodium Potassium Citrate (K/Na Citrate) Increases Therapeutic Effect of Anti-cancer Agent in Pancreatic Cancer Xenograft Mice Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:266-270. [PMID: 33518679 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular pH (pHe) of tumor cells is characteristic of tumor microenvironment (TME). Acidic TME impairs the responses of tumors to some anti-cancer chemotherapies. In this study, we showed that daily oral dosing of sodium potassium citrate (K/Na citrate) increased blood HCO3- concentrations, corresponding to increase of HCO3- concentrations and pHs in urine, and neutralized the tumor pHe. Neutralization of acidic TME by alkaline substance like HCO3-, an active metabolite of K/Na citrate, well potentiated the therapeutic effect of anticancer agent TS-1®, an orally active 5-fuluoro-uracil derivative, in Panc-1 pancreatic cancer-xenograft murine model. Neutralization of acidic TME by using an alkaline K/Na citrate is a smart approach for enhancement of the therapeutic effects of anticancer agents for pancreatic cancer in the end stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | | | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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16
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Ando H, Emam SE, Kawaguchi Y, Shimizu T, Ishima Y, Eshima K, Ishida T. Increasing Tumor Extracellular pH by an Oral Alkalinizing Agent Improves Antitumor Responses of Anti-PD-1 Antibody: Implication of Relationships between Serum Bicarbonate Concentrations, Urinary pH, and Therapeutic Outcomes. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:844-852. [PMID: 34078817 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acidic extracellular pH (pHe) is characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. Several reports suggest that increasing pHe improves the response of immune checkpoint inhibitors in murine models. To increase pHe, either sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or citric acid/potassium-sodium citrate (KNa-cit) was chronically administered to mice. It is hypothesized that bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), produced from these alkalinizing agents in vivo, increased pHe in the tumor, and excess HCO3- eliminated into urine increased urinary pH values. However, there is little published information on the effect of changing serum HCO3- concentrations, urinary HCO3- concentrations and urinary pH values on the therapeutic outcomes of immunotherapy. In this study, we report that oral administration of either NaHCO3 or KNa-cit increased responses to anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, in a murine B16 melanoma model. In addition, we report that daily oral administration of an alkalinizing agent increased blood HCO3- concentrations, corresponding to increasing the tumor pHe. Serum HCO3- concentrations also correlated with urinary HCO3- concentrations and urinary pH values. There was a clear relationship between urinary pH values and the antitumor effects of immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibody. Our results imply that blood HCO3- concentrations, corresponding to tumor pHe and urinary pH values, may be important factors that predict the clinical outcomes of an immunotherapeutic agent, when combined with alkalinizing agents such as NaHCO3 and KNa-cit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ando
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Sherif E Emam
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University
| | - Yoshino Kawaguchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | | | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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17
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Cancer and pH Dynamics: Transcriptional Regulation, Proteostasis, and the Need for New Molecular Tools. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102760. [PMID: 32992762 PMCID: PMC7601256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging hallmark of cancer cells is dysregulated pH dynamics. Recent work has suggested that dysregulated intracellular pH (pHi) dynamics enable diverse cancer cellular behaviors at the population level, including cell proliferation, cell migration and metastasis, evasion of apoptosis, and metabolic adaptation. However, the molecular mechanisms driving pH-dependent cancer-associated cell behaviors are largely unknown. In this review article, we explore recent literature suggesting pHi dynamics may play a causative role in regulating or reinforcing tumorigenic transcriptional and proteostatic changes at the molecular level, and discuss outcomes on tumorigenesis and tumor heterogeneity. Most of the data we discuss are population-level analyses; lack of single-cell data is driven by a lack of tools to experimentally change pHi with spatiotemporal control. Data is also sparse on how pHi dynamics play out in complex in vivo microenvironments. To address this need, at the end of this review, we cover recent advances for live-cell pHi measurement at single-cell resolution. We also discuss the essential role for tool development in revealing mechanisms by which pHi dynamics drive tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis.
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18
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Sun Z, Luan S, Yao Y, Qin T, Xu X, Shen Z, Yao R, Yue L. NHE1 Mediates 5-Fu Resistance in Gastric Cancer via STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8521-8532. [PMID: 32904684 PMCID: PMC7457598 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s256274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent studies have addressed the role of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) in tumor cell growth and apoptosis, including in gastric cancer. However, the role of NHE1 expression related to the 5-Fu resistance in gastric cancer has not been investigated. METHODS The expression of NHE1 was examined by qPCR in the SGC7901/5-FU cell line and its parental cell line. pcDNA3.1-NHE1 and NHE1-siRNA were transfected to SGC7901/5-FU resistance cells and cell apoptosis was detected via TUNEL assay. The upstream activators in NHE1 mediated 5-Fu resistant gastric cancer cells were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescent. RESULTS A significant increase of the expression of NHE1 was observed in SGC7901 5-FU resistance cells compared to the GES-1 and SGC7901 cell line. NHE1 can suppress the cell apoptosis of SGC7901 5-FU resistance cells and involved in cell cycle. Also, the migration and invasion of SGC7901 5-FU resistance cells were promoted by NHE1. NHE1 also increases the intracellular pH. The results of Western blot analysis showed that NHE1 overexpression induced an increase in the expression of phosphorylated activator transcription factor 3 (pSTAT3). The more obvious phosphorylated level was shown in the phosphorylated STAT3 at pSTAT3tyr705. Further investigations revealed that the constitutive activation of STAT3 may be induced by JAK1 and JAK2, and thus effect the 5-FU resistance by regulating NHE1. DISCUSSION In summary, our findings provided evidence that NHE1 contributed to 5-Fu resistance in gastric cancer cells by regulating the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Therefore, NHE1 can be a useful marker for predicting and monitoring 5-Fu resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Sun
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufang Luan
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yasai Yao
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth People’s Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Yue
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Role of pH Regulatory Proteins and Dysregulation of pH in Prostate Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:85-110. [PMID: 32776252 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer, and although it is often a slow-growing malignancy, it is the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in men and the first in Europe and North America. In many forms of cancer, when the disease is a solid tumor confined to one organ, it is often readily treated. However, when the cancer becomes an invasive metastatic carcinoma, it is more often fatal. It is therefore of great interest to identify mechanisms that contribute to the invasion of cells to identify possible targets for therapy. During prostate cancer progression, the epithelial cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition that is characterized by morphological changes, a loss of cell-cell adhesion, and invasiveness. Dysregulation of pH has emerged as a hallmark of cancer with a reversed pH gradient and with a constitutively increased intracellular pH that is elevated above the extracellular pH. This phenomenon has been referred to as "a perfect storm" for cancer progression. Acid-extruding ion transporters include the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 (SLC9A1), the Na+HCO3- cotransporter NBCn1 (SLC4A7), anion exchangers, vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatases, and the lactate-H+ cotransporters of the monocarboxylate family (MCT1 and MCT4 (SLC16A1 and 3)). Additionally, carbonic anhydrases contribute to acid transport. Of these, several have been shown to be upregulated in different human cancers including the NBCn1, MCTs, and NHE1. Here the role and contribution of acid-extruding transporters in prostate cancer growth and metastasis were examined. These proteins make significant contributions to prostate cancer progression.
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20
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Cottle WT, Wallert CH, Anderson KK, Tran MF, Bakker CL, Wallert MA, Provost JJ. Calcineurin homologous protein isoform 2 supports tumor survival via the sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320937863. [PMID: 32686600 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320937863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining intracellular pH is crucial for preserving healthy cellular behavior and, when dysregulated, results in increased proliferation, migration, and invasion. The Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 is a highly regulated transmembrane antiporter that maintains pH homeostasis by exporting protons in response to intra- and extracellular signals. Activation of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 is exquisitely regulated by the extracellular environment and protein cofactors, including calcineurin B homologous proteins 1 and 2. While Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 and calcineurin B homologous protein 1 are ubiquitously expressed, calcineurin B homologous protein 2 shows tissue-specific expression and upregulation in a variety of cancer cells. In addition, calcineurin B homologous protein 2 expression is modulated by tumorigenic extracellular conditions like low nutrients. To understand the role of calcineurin B homologous protein 2 in tumorigenesis and survival in lung cancer, we surveyed existing databases and formed a comprehensive report of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1, calcineurin B homologous protein 1, and calcineurin B homologous protein 2 expression in diseased and non-diseased tissues. We show that calcineurin B homologous protein 2 is upregulated during oncogenesis in many adeno and squamous carcinomas. To understand the functional role of calcineurin B homologous protein 2 upregulation, we evaluated the effect of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 and calcineurin B homologous protein 2 depletion on cellular function during cancer progression in situ. Here, we show that calcineurin B homologous protein 2 functions through Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 to effect cell proliferation, cell migration, steady-state pHi, and anchorage-independent tumor growth. Finally, we present evidence that calcineurin B homologous protein 2 depletion in vivo has potential to reduce tumor burden in a xenograft model. Together, these data support the tumor-promoting potential of aberrant calcineurin B homologous protein 2 expression and position calcineurin B homologous protein 2 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Taylor Cottle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Kristine Kay Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Fang Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Clare Loraine Bakker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph John Provost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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21
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Poku LO, Phil M, Cheng Y, Wang K, Sun X. 23 Na-MRI as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:995-1014. [PMID: 32219933 PMCID: PMC7984266 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The influx of sodium (Na+) ions into a resting cell is regulated by Na+ channels and by Na+/H+ and Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, whereas Na+ ion efflux is mediated by the activity of Na+/K+‐ATPase to maintain a high transmembrane Na+ ion gradient. Dysfunction of this system leads to changes in the intracellular sodium concentration that promotes cancer metastasis by mediating invasion and migration. In addition, the accumulation of extracellular Na+ ions in cancer due to inflammation contributes to tumor immunogenicity. Thus, alterations in the Na+ ion concentration may potentially be used as a biomarker for malignant tumor diagnosis and prognosis. However, current limitations in detection technology and a complex tumor microenvironment present significant challenges for the in vivo assessment of Na+ concentration in tumor. 23Na‐magnetic resonance imaging (23Na‐MRI) offers a unique opportunity to study the effects of Na+ ion concentration changes in cancer. Although challenged by a low signal‐to‐noise ratio, the development of ultrahigh magnetic field scanners and specialized sodium acquisition sequences has significantly advanced 23Na‐MRI. 23Na‐MRI provides biochemical information that reflects cell viability, structural integrity, and energy metabolism, and has been shown to reveal rapid treatment response at the molecular level before morphological changes occur. Here we review the basis of 23Na‐MRI technology and discuss its potential as a direct noninvasive in vivo diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancer therapy, particularly in cancer immunotherapy. We propose that 23Na‐MRI is a promising method with a wide range of applications in the tumor immuno‐microenvironment research field and in cancer immunotherapy monitoring. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 2
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Phil
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongna Cheng
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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22
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Physiological Significance of Ion Transporters and Channels in the Stomach and Pathophysiological Relevance in Gastric Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2869138. [PMID: 32104192 PMCID: PMC7040404 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2869138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly invasive and fatal malignant disease that accounts for 5.7% of new global cancer cases and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Acid/base homeostasis is critical for organisms because protein and enzyme function, cellular structure, and plasma membrane permeability change with pH. Various ion transporters are expressed in normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells and regulate gastric acid secretion, ion transport, and fluid absorption, thereby stabilizing the differentiation and homeostasis of gastric mucosal epithelial cells. Ion transporter dysfunction results in disordered ion transport, mucosa barrier dysfunction, and acid/base disturbances, causing gastric acid-related diseases such as chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and GC. This review summarizes the physiological functions of multiple ion transporters and channels in the stomach, including Cl− channels, Cl−/HCO3− exchangers, sodium/hydrogen exchangers (NHEs), and potassium (K+) channels, and their pathophysiological relevance in GC.
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23
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Cao L, Yuan Z, Liu M, Stock C. (Patho-)Physiology of Na +/H + Exchangers (NHEs) in the Digestive System. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1566. [PMID: 32009977 PMCID: PMC6974801 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) are expressed in virtually all human tissues and organs. Two major tasks of those NHE isoforms that are located in plasma membranes are cell volume control by Na+-uptake and cellular pH regulation by H+-extrusion. Several NHEs, particularly NHE 1–4 and 8, are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases of the digestive system such as inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease) and gastric and colorectal tumorigenesis. In the present review, we describe the physiological purposes, possible malfunctions and pathophysiological effects of the different NHE isoforms along the alimentary canal from esophagus to colon, including pancreas, liver and gallbladder. Particular attention is paid to the functions of NHEs in injury repair and to the role of NHE1 in Barrett’s esophagus. The impact of NHEs on gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal integrity is also dealt with. As the hitherto existing findings are not always consistent, sometimes even controversial, they are compared and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenglin Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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24
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Sharafutdinov I, Backert S, Tegtmeyer N. Cortactin: A Major Cellular Target of the Gastric Carcinogen Helicobacter pylori. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E159. [PMID: 31936446 PMCID: PMC7017262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin is an actin binding protein and actin nucleation promoting factor regulating cytoskeletal rearrangements in nearly all eukaryotic cell types. From this perspective, cortactin poses an attractive target for pathogens to manipulate a given host cell to their own benefit. One of the pathogens following this strategy is Helicobacter pylori, which can cause a variety of gastric diseases and has been shown to be the major risk factor for the onset of gastric cancer. During infection of gastric epithelial cells, H. pylori hijacks the cellular kinase signaling pathways, leading to the disruption of key cell functions. Specifically, by overruling the phosphorylation status of cortactin, H. pylori alternates the activity of molecular interaction partners of this important protein, thereby manipulating the performance of actin-cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell movement. In addition, H. pylori utilizes a unique mechanism to activate focal adhesion kinase, which subsequently prevents host epithelial cells from extensive lifting from the extracellular matrix in order to achieve chronic infection in the human stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (I.S.); (S.B.)
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25
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Induction of apoptosis and differentiation by Na/H exchanger 1 modulation in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:887-893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Pedersen SF, Counillon L. The SLC9A-C Mammalian Na +/H + Exchanger Family: Molecules, Mechanisms, and Physiology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:2015-2113. [PMID: 31507243 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. They belong to an ancient family of highly evolutionarily conserved proteins, and they play essential physiological roles in all phyla. In this review, we focus on the mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), the solute carrier (SLC) 9 family. This family of electroneutral transporters constitutes three branches: SLC9A, -B, and -C. Within these, each isoform exhibits distinct tissue expression profiles, regulation, and physiological roles. Some of these transporters are highly studied, with hundreds of original articles, and some are still only rudimentarily understood. In this review, we present and discuss the pioneering original work as well as the current state-of-the-art research on mammalian NHEs. We aim to provide the reader with a comprehensive view of core knowledge and recent insights into each family member, from gene organization over protein structure and regulation to physiological and pathophysiological roles. Particular attention is given to the integrated physiology of NHEs in the main organ systems. We provide several novel analyses and useful overviews, and we pinpoint main remaining enigmas, which we hope will inspire novel research on these highly versatile proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - L Counillon
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
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27
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Anderson KJ, Cormier RT, Scott PM. Role of ion channels in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5732-5772. [PMID: 31636470 PMCID: PMC6801186 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i38.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In their seminal papers Hanahan and Weinberg described oncogenic processes a normal cell undergoes to be transformed into a cancer cell. The functions of ion channels in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract influence a variety of cellular processes, many of which overlap with these hallmarks of cancer. In this review we focus on the roles of the calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-) and zinc (Zn2+) transporters in GI cancer, with a special emphasis on the roles of the KCNQ1 K+ channel and CFTR Cl- channel in colorectal cancer (CRC). Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger, serving as a signaling molecule for a variety of cellular processes such as control of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration. Various members of the TRP superfamily, including TRPM8, TRPM7, TRPM6 and TRPM2, have been implicated in GI cancers, especially through overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and down-regulation in colon cancer. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are classically associated with the initiation and conduction of action potentials in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells. The VGSC NaV1.5 is abundantly expressed in human colorectal CRC cell lines as well as being highly expressed in primary CRC samples. Studies have demonstrated that conductance through NaV1.5 contributes significantly to CRC cell invasiveness and cancer progression. Zn2+ transporters of the ZIP/SLC39A and ZnT/SLC30A families are dysregulated in all major GI organ cancers, in particular, ZIP4 up-regulation in pancreatic cancer (PC). More than 70 K+ channel genes, clustered in four families, are found expressed in the GI tract, where they regulate a range of cellular processes, including gastrin secretion in the stomach and anion secretion and fluid balance in the intestinal tract. Several distinct types of K+ channels are found dysregulated in the GI tract. Notable are hERG1 upregulation in PC, gastric cancer (GC) and CRC, leading to enhanced cancer angiogenesis and invasion, and KCNQ1 down-regulation in CRC, where KCNQ1 expression is associated with enhanced disease-free survival in stage II, III, and IV disease. Cl- channels are critical for a range of cellular and tissue processes in the GI tract, especially fluid balance in the colon. Most notable is CFTR, whose deficiency leads to mucus blockage, microbial dysbiosis and inflammation in the intestinal tract. CFTR is a tumor suppressor in several GI cancers. Cystic fibrosis patients are at a significant risk for CRC and low levels of CFTR expression are associated with poor overall disease-free survival in sporadic CRC. Two other classes of chloride channels that are dysregulated in GI cancers are the chloride intracellular channels (CLIC1, 3 & 4) and the chloride channel accessory proteins (CLCA1,2,4). CLIC1 & 4 are upregulated in PC, GC, gallbladder cancer, and CRC, while the CLCA proteins have been reported to be down-regulated in CRC. In summary, it is clear, from the diverse influences of ion channels, that their aberrant expression and/or activity can contribute to malignant transformation and tumor progression. Further, because ion channels are often localized to the plasma membrane and subject to multiple layers of regulation, they represent promising clinical targets for therapeutic intervention including the repurposing of current drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Robert T Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Patricia M Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
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28
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Ramírez MA, Beltrán AR, Araya JE, Cornejo M, Toledo F, Fuentes G, Sobrevia L. Involvement of Intracellular pH in Vascular Insulin Resistance. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 17:440-446. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666180911104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of the pH homeostasis is maintained by several mechanisms including the
efflux of protons (H+) via membrane transporters expressed in almost all mammalian cells. Along these
membrane transporters the sodium/H+ exchangers (NHEs), mainly NHE isoform 1 (NHE1), plays a key
role in this phenomenon. NHE1 is under modulation by several environmental conditions (e.g. hyperglycaemia,
protein kinase C activity) as well as hormones, including insulin. NHE1 activation causes
intracellular alkalization in human endothelial cells leading to activation of the endothelial Nitric Oxide
Synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. Intracellular alkalization is a phenomenon that also results in upregulation
of the glucose transporter GLUT4 in cells that are responsive to insulin. A reduction in the removal
of the extracellular D-glucose is seen in states of insulin resistance, such as in diabetes mellitus
and obesity. Since insulin is a potent activator of eNOS in human endothelium, therefore causing vasodilation,
and its vascular effect is reduced in insulin resistance it is likely that a defective signal to activate
NHE1 in insulin target cells is expected. This phenomenon results in lower redistribution and activation
of GLUT4 leading to reduced uptake of D-glucose and hyperglycaemia. The general concept of a
role for NHE1, and perhaps other NHEs isoforms, in insulin resistance in the human vasculature is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Ramírez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Ana R. Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Celular, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Jorge E. Araya
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Celular, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cornejo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Fuentes
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
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29
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Paškevičiūtė M, Petrikaitė V. Overcoming transporter-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer: failures and achievements of the last decades. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:379-393. [PMID: 30194528 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a complex phenomenon caused by numerous reasons in cancer chemotherapy. It is related to the abnormal tumor metabolism, precisely increased glycolysis and lactic acid production, extracellular acidification, and drug efflux caused by transport proteins. There are few strategies to increase drug delivery into cancer cells. One of them is the inhibition of carbonic anhydrases or certain proton transporters that increase extracellular acidity by proton extrusion from the cells. This prevents weakly basic chemotherapeutic drugs from ionization and increases their penetration through the cancer cell membrane. Another approach is the inhibition of MDR proteins that pump the anticancer agents into the extracellular milieu and decrease their intracellular concentration. Physical methods, such as ultrasound-mediated sonoporation, are being developed, as well. To increase the efficacy of sonoporation, various microbubbles are used. Ultrasound causes microbubble cavitation, i.e., periodical pulsation of the microbubble, and destruction which results in formation of temporary pores in the cellular membrane and increased permeabilization to drug molecules. This review summarizes the main approaches to reverse MDR related to the drug penetration along with its applications in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Paškevičiūtė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 13, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Ave. 13, LT-50162, Kaunas, Lithuania. .,Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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30
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Chen Q, Liu Y, Zhu XL, Feng F, Yang H, Xu W. Increased NHE1 expression is targeted by specific inhibitor cariporide to sensitize resistant breast cancer cells to doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:211. [PMID: 30849956 PMCID: PMC6408845 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) plays a crucial role in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. However, the mechanism underlying chemotherapeutic resistance in cancer cells has not been completely elucidated. The NHE1 inhibitor cariporide has been demonstrated to inhibit human cancer cell lines. The goal of this study was to provide new sights into improved cancer cell chemosensitivity mediated by cariporide with activation of the apoptosis pathway. Methods The NHE1 expression levels were first evaluated using the online database Oncomine and were determined by RT-PCR and western blot in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation was assessed In vitro through a CCK-8 assay, and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. An in vivo analysis was performed in BALB/c nude mice, which were intraperitoneally injected with MCF-7/ADR cells. Results NHE1 levels were significantly higher in breast cancer tissue than adjacent tissue, as well as in resistant cancer cells compared to sensitive cells. Cariporide induced the apoptosis of MCF-7/ADR cells and was associated with the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, cariporide decreased MDR1 expression and activated cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9, promoting caspase-independent apoptosis in vitro. In vivo, cariporide significantly improved doxorubicin sensitivity in a xenograft model, enhancing tumor growth attenuation and diminishing tumor volume. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that cariporide significantly facilitates the sensitivity of breast cancer to doxorubicin both in vitro and in vivo. This finding suggests that NHE1 may be a novel adjuvant therapeutic candidate for the treatment of resistant breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5397-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Breast Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Central Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Zhu
- Central Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Central Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Breast Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenlin Xu
- Breast Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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31
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Li X, Tsauo J, Geng C, Zhao H, Lei X, Li X. Ginsenoside Rg3 Decreases NHE1 Expression via Inhibiting EGF-EGFR-ERK1/2-HIF-1 α Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Novel Antitumor Mechanism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:1915-1931. [PMID: 30525897 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Na + /H + exchanger 1 (NHE1) plays a vital role in the oncogenesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has been regarded as a promising target for the treatment of HCC. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), a bioactive ginseng compound, is suggested to possess pleiotropic antitumor effects on HCC. However, the underlying mechanisms of Rg3 suppressing HCC remain unclear. In the present study, we uncovered a novel antitumor mechanism of Rg3 on HCC by decreasing NHE1 expression through in vivo and in vitro studies. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) could dramatically upregulate NHE1 expression, while increasing the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) level and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 α) expression. In the presence of ERK1/2-specific inhibitor PD98059, EGF stimulated HIF-1 α and NHE1 expression was obviously blocked in addition, the presence of HIF-1 α -specific inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2) blocked EGF stimulated NHE1 expression. Moreover, results from in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that Rg3 treatment markedly decreased the expression of EGF, EGF receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated ERK1/2 and HIF-1 α . Conclusively, these findings suggested that NHE1 was stimulated by EGF, and Rg3 could decrease NHE1 expression by integrally inhibiting EGF-EGFR-ERK1/2-HIF- α signal axis in HCC. Together, our evidence indicated that Rg3 was an effective multi-targets antitumor agent for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- * Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jiaywei Tsauo
- ‡ Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Chong Geng
- * Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - He Zhao
- ‡ Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Lei
- * Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- † Institute of Interventional Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.,‡ Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P. R. China
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32
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Guan X, Luo L, Begum G, Kohanbash G, Song Q, Rao A, Amankulor N, Sun B, Sun D, Jia W. Elevated Na/H exchanger 1 (SLC9A1) emerges as a marker for tumorigenesis and prognosis in gliomas. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:255. [PMID: 30333031 PMCID: PMC6192309 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), encoded by the SLC9A1 gene (SoLute Carrier family 9A1) in humans, is the main H+ efflux mechanism in maintaining alkaline intracellular pH (pHi) and Warburg effects in glioma. However, to date, there are no clinical studies exploring pharmacological inhibition of NHE1 protein in cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated NHE1 expression in gliomas and its relationship with glioma clinical outcome. Methods The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset containing transcriptome sequencing data of 325 glioma samples and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with 698 glioma mRNAseq data were analyzed in this study. Mouse SB28 and GL26 intracranial syngeneic glioma models in C57BL/6 J mice were established to investigate NHE1 expression and impact of NHE1 protein inhibition with its inhibitor HOE642 on tumorigenesis and anti-PD1 therapy. Tumor angiogenesis, immunogenicity, and progression were assessed by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric profiling. Results Analysis of SLC9A1 mRNA expression in two data sets, CGGA and TCGA, reveals significantly higher SLC9A1 mRNA levels in higher grade gliomas. The SLC9A1 mRNA expression was especially enriched in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2 wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) and in mesenchymal glioma subtypes. Worsened survival probabilities were correlated with the elevated SLC9A1 mRNA levels in gliomas. The underlying mechanisms include promoting angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Increased SLC9A1 mRNA expression was also associated with tumor-associated macrophage accumulation. NHE1 inhibitor HOE642 reduced glioma volume, invasion, and prolonged overall survival in mouse glioma models. Blockade of NHE1 protein also stimulated immunogenic tumor microenvironment via activating CD8 T-cell accumulation, increasing expression of interferon-gamma (Ifng), and sensitized animals to anti-PD-1 therapy. Conclusion Our findings strongly suggest that NHE1 protein emerges as a marker for tumorigenesis and prognosis in glioma. Blocking NHE1 protein is a novel strategy for adjuvant anti-cancer therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0923-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudong Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.,Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China.,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower 3 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Lanxin Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower 3 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Gulnaz Begum
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower 3 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qingkun Song
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aparna Rao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Baoshan Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Pólo Dois Portos, Instituto National de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta da Almoinha, Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 7016 Biomedical Science Tower 3 3501 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA. .,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 6 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Chinese National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China. .,Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network, Beijing, 100050, China.
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33
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Wang P, Wang X, Li L, Kan Q, Yu Z, Feng R, Chen Z, Shi Y, Gao J. Role of sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 in regulating hepatocyte apoptosis induced by hyperammonaemia. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2018; 41:490-497. [PMID: 30033048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "secondary injury" theory of liver failure indicated that hyperammonaemia due to liver failure causes further deterioration of hepatocytes. Our previous studies have demonstrated that high blood ammonia levels may lead to hepatocyte apoptosis, as NH4Cl loading caused metabolic acidosis and an increase in sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1). In this study, we established a hyperammonia hepatocyte model to determine the role of NHE1 in the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis induced by NH4Cl. MATERIALS AND METHODS In current studies, intracellular pH (pHi) and NHE1 activity were analyzed using the pHi-sensitive dye BCECF-AM. The results showed that intracellular pH dropped and NHE1 activity increased in hepatocytes under NH4Cl treatment. As expected, decreased pHi induced by NH4Cl was associated with increased apoptosis, low cell proliferation and ATP depletion, which was exacerbated by exposure to the NHE1 inhibitor cariporide. We also found that NH4Cl treatment stimulated PI3K and Akt phosphorylation and this effect was considerably reduced by NHE1 inhibition. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the significant role of NHE1 in the regulation of cell apoptosis induced by hyperammonaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Palliative and Hospice Care, The Ninth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Rongfang Feng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - ZiXiao Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jinling Gao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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