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Li XX, Liu C, Dong SL, Ou CS, Lu JL, Ye JH, Liang YR, Zheng XQ. Anticarcinogenic potentials of tea catechins. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1060783. [PMID: 36545470 PMCID: PMC9760998 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1060783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechins are a cluster of polyphenolic bioactive components in green tea. Anticarcinogenic effects of tea catechins have been reported since the 1980s, but it has been controversial. The present paper reviews the advances in studies on the anticarcinogenic activities of tea and catechins, including epidemiological evidence and anticarcinogenic mechanism. Tea catechins showed antagonistic effects on many cancers, such as gynecological cancers, digestive tract cancers, incident glioma, liver and gallbladder cancers, lung cancer, etc. The mechanism underlying the anticarcinogenic effects of catechins involves in inhibiting the proliferation and growth of cancer cells, scavenging free radicals, suppressing metastasis of cancer cells, improving immunity, interacting with other anticancer drugs, and regulating signaling pathways. The inconsistent results and their causes are also discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Tea Science Society of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ling Dong
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can-Song Ou
- Development Center of Liubao Tea Industry, Cangwu, China
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yue-Rong Liang,
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Xin-Qiang Zheng,
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Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenesis Effects of Colloidal Gold Camellia sinensis L. Extracts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175593. [PMID: 36080359 PMCID: PMC9457959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea extract derived from the leaves of Camellia sinensis L. (CS), is a representative beverage with antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-viral properties. CS extract is also used in cosmetics. Colloidal gold is generally a sol or colloidal suspension of gold nanoparticles in water. Colloidal gold green tea (CGCS), cultivated as a fertilizer using this colloidal gold solution, contains gold minerals and possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-tumor properties. However, the skin bioactivity of CGCS has not yet been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effect of the CGCS extract on skin whitening. CGCS extract contained high levels of phenols and flavonoids and displayed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner. CGCS extract inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells more effectively than the CS extract. Moreover, the CGCS extract decreased the expression levels of the melanogenesis-related proteins, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins (TRPs), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). In conclusion, our study showed that the CGCS extract inhibits the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 via the downregulation of MITF, thereby inhibiting melanin synthesis. Therefore, CGCS can potentially be used as a skin-whitening ingredient in the cosmetic industry.
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Kim JM, Kang JY, Park SK, Han HJ, Lee KY, Kim AN, Kim JC, Choi SG, Heo HJ. Effect of storage temperature on the antioxidant activity and catechins stability of Matcha ( Camellia sinensis). Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1261-1271. [PMID: 32802565 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the storage conditions of matcha (Camellia sinensis) according to temperature during 2 months. The moisture content of matcha tend to decrease with increasing temperature. To evaluate the brightness and green value of matcha, changes in L* and G* values were examined. These values decreased with increasing temperature and time. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content also decreased with increasing temperature and time. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities decreased with the increase in storage temperature and time. The content of catechins such as epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate showed a tendency to decrease gradually according to the storage temperature and time. Also, caffeine and rutin content in matcha significantly decreased according to storage temperature and time. This study could be used as basic data to determine optimal storage conditions by measuring physiological changes according to the temperature conditions of matcha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Kyeong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ju Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo-Yeon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Na Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Kim
- Institute of Hadong Green Tea, Hadong, 52304 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gil Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
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Ianni A, Martino G. Dietary Grape Pomace Supplementation in Dairy Cows: Effect on Nutritional Quality of Milk and Its Derived Dairy Products. Foods 2020; 9:E168. [PMID: 32050684 PMCID: PMC7073903 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP) is the main solid by-product of winemaking and represents a rich source of potent bioactive compounds which could display a wide range of beneficial effects in human health for their association with reduced risk of several chronic diseases. Several studies have proposed the use of GP as a macro-ingredient to obtain economically worthwhile animal feedstuffs naturally enriched by polyphenols and dietary fibers. Moreover, the research carried out in this field in the last two decades evidences the ability of GP to induce beneficial effects in cow milk and its derived dairy products. First of all, a general increase in concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was observed, and this could be considered the reflection of the high content of these compounds in the by-product. Furthermore, an improvement in the oxidative stability of dairy products was observed, presumably as a direct consequence of the high content of bioactive compounds in GP that are credited with high and well-characterized antioxidant functions. Last but not least, particularly in ripened cheeses, volatile compounds (VOCs) were identified, arising both from lipolytic and proteolytic processes and commonly associated with pleasant aromatic notes. In conclusion, the GP introduction in the diet of lactating cows made it possible to obtain dairy products characterized by improved nutritional properties and high health functionality. Furthermore, the presumable improvement of organoleptic properties seems to be effective in contributing to an increase in the consumer acceptability of the novel products. This review aims to evaluate the effect of the dietary GP supplementation on the quality of milk and dairy products deriving from lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
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Mao QQ, Xu XY, Shang A, Gan RY, Wu DT, Atanasov AG, Li HB. Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Gastric Cancer: Effects and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E570. [PMID: 31963129 PMCID: PMC7014214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer, and the third most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Voluminous evidence has demonstrated that phytochemicals play a critical role in the prevention and management of gastric cancer. Most epidemiological investigations indicate that the increased intake of phytochemicals could reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Experimental studies have elucidated the mechanisms of action, including inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and suppressing angiogenesis as well as cancer cell metastasis. These mechanisms have also been related to the inhibition of Helicobacter pylori and the modulation of gut microbiota. In addition, the intake of phytochemicals could enhance the efficacy of anticancer chemotherapeutics. Moreover, clinical studies have illustrated that phytochemicals have the potential for the prevention and the management of gastric cancer in humans. To provide an updated understanding of relationships between phytochemicals and gastric cancer, this review summarizes the effects of phytochemicals on gastric cancer, highlighting the underlying mechanisms. This review could be helpful for guiding the public in preventing gastric cancer through phytochemicals, as well as in developing functional food and drugs for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Q.-Q.M.); (X.-Y.X.); (A.S.)
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Q.-Q.M.); (X.-Y.X.); (A.S.)
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Q.-Q.M.); (X.-Y.X.); (A.S.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China;
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Q.-Q.M.); (X.-Y.X.); (A.S.)
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Green Tea Seed Oil Suppressed Aβ 1⁻42-Induced Behavioral and Cognitive Deficit via the Aβ-Related Akt Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081865. [PMID: 30991755 PMCID: PMC6514763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the availability of seeds, one of the byproducts of green tea, and evaluate the physiological activity of seed oil. The ameliorating effect of green tea seed oil (GTO) was evaluated on H2O2-induced PC12 cells and amyloid beta (Aβ)1–42-induced ICR mice. GTO showed improvement of cell viability and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in H2O2-induced PC12 cells by conducting the 2′,3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) analysis. Also, administration of GTO (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) presented protective effects on behavioral and memory dysfunction by conducting Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests in Aβ-induced ICR mice. GTO protected the antioxidant system by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing glutathione (GSH) contents. It significantly regulated the cholinergic system of acetylcholine (ACh) contents, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, and AChE expression. Also, mitochondrial function was improved through the reduced production of ROS and damage of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by regulating the Aβ-related c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/protein kinase B (Akt) and Akt/apoptosis pathways. This study suggested that GTO may have an ameliorating effect on cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity through various physiological activities.
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Sonoda JI, Ikeda R, Baba Y, Narumi K, Kawachi A, Tomishige E, Nishihara K, Takeda Y, Yamada K, Sato K, Motoya T. Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, attenuates the cell viability of human non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells via reducing Bcl-xL expression. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:59-63. [PMID: 24944597 PMCID: PMC4061191 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies have indicated that the consumption of green tea has a number of beneficial effects on health. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), the major polyphenolic compound present in green tea, has received much attention as an active ingredient. Among the numerous promising profiles of EGCg, the present study focused on the anticancer effects. Apoptosis induced by EGCg and subsequent cell growth suppression have been demonstrated in a number of cell culture studies. However, the underlying mechanism of apoptotic cell death remains unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify the major molecule that mediates proapoptotic cell death by EGCg. The effect of EGCg on cell proliferation and the induction of mRNA that modulates apoptotic cell death was evaluated in the A549 human non-small-cell lung cancer cell line. In addition, morphological changes were assessed by microscopy in A549 cells that had been treated with 100 μM EGCg for 24 h. The MTT assay revealed that cell proliferation was significantly reduced by EGCg in a dose-dependent manner (3–100 μM). The mRNA expression level of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) was decreased in A549 cells following 24 h incubation with 100 μM EGCg. Therefore, the results indicated that the inhibition of cell proliferation by EGCg may be achieved via suppressing the expression of the cell death-inhibiting gene, Bcl-xL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichiro Sonoda
- First Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health & Welfare, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Baba
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Keiko Narumi
- First Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health & Welfare, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan
| | - Akio Kawachi
- First Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health & Welfare, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan
| | - Erisa Tomishige
- First Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health & Welfare, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nishihara
- First Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health & Welfare, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Keizo Sato
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health & Welfare, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan
| | - Toshiro Motoya
- First Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health & Welfare, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan
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Tran PLCHB, Kim SA, Choi HS, Yoon JH, Ahn SG. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 and exhibits anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:276. [PMID: 20537126 PMCID: PMC2927993 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), one of the major catechins in green tea, is a potential chemopreventive agent for various cancers. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of EGCG on the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and tumor suppression. Methods Cell colony formation was evaluated by a soft agar assay. Transcriptional activity of HSP70 and HSP90 was determined by luciferase reporter assay. An EGCG-HSPs complex was prepared using EGCG attached to the cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-activated Sepharose 4B. In vivo effect of EGCG on tumor growth was examined in a xenograft model. Results Treatment with EGCG decreased cell proliferation and colony formation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. EGCG specifically inhibited the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 by inhibiting the promoter activity of HSP70 and HSP90. Pretreatment with EGCG increased the stress sensitivity of MCF-7 cells upon heat shock (44°C for 1 h) or oxidative stress (H2O2, 500 μM for 24 h). Moreover, treatment with EGCG (10 mg/kg) in a xenograft model resulted in delayed tumor incidence and reduced tumor size, as well as the inhibition of HSP70 and HSP90 expression. Conclusions Overall, these findings demonstrate that HSP70 and HSP90 are potent molecular targets of EGCG and suggest EGCG as a drug candidate for the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan L C H B Tran
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University, College of Dentistry, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Ran ZH, Xu Q, Tong JL, Xiao SD. Apoptotic effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the human gastric cancer cell line MKN45 via activation of the mitochondrial pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:4255-9. [PMID: 17696257 PMCID: PMC4250627 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i31.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) can induce apoptosis of the gastric cancer cell line MKN45 and its apoptotic pathway.
METHODS: To determine this, apoptotic rates of MKN45 cells after EGCG treatment with or without caspase-3 inhibitor were evaluated by Annexin V-FITC + PI staining The influence of EGCG on the activity of caspase-3 in the MKN45 cells was determined by ELISA. By Rhodamine123 staining, the membrane potential change of the mitochondrion was also investigated, and mRNAs and protein expression of the bcl-2 family were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot.
RESULTS: EGCG can induce apoptosis of MKN45 cells in time- and dose-dependent manner. Eight hours after EGCG treatment, the activity of caspase-3 in the MKN45 increased, especially 12 h after treatment. The mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly weakened 4 h after EGCG insult. The mRNA and protein expression levels of pro-apoptotic members, such as Bax, Bid and Bad, were upregulated gradually as treated time increased. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of anti-apoptotic members, such as Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, were inhibited.
CONCLUSION: These data support that EGCG can induce apoptosis of the human gastric cancer cell line MKN45, and the effect is in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic pathway triggered by EGCG in MKN45 is mitochondrial-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China.
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HAYASHI K, HIBASAMI H, MURAKAMI T, TERAHARA N, MORI M, TSUKUI A. Induction of Apoptosis in Cultured Human Stomach Cancer Cells by Potato Anthocyanins and Its Inhibitory Effects on Growth of Stomach Cancer in Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.12.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mu LN, Lu QY, Yu SZ, Jiang QW, Cao W, You NC, Setiawan VW, Zhou XF, Ding BG, Wang RH, Zhao J, Cai L, Rao JY, Heber D, Zhang ZF. Green tea drinking and multigenetic index on the risk of stomach cancer in a Chinese population. Int J Cancer 2005; 116:972-83. [PMID: 15856451 PMCID: PMC4164628 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to examine the roles of green tea drinking, other risk and protective factors, and polymorphism of susceptibility genes such as GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and p53 codon 72 and their possible joint effects on the risk of stomach cancer. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Taixing, China, including 206 newly diagnosed cases with stomach cancer and 415 healthy control subjects. Epidemiological data were collected by in-person interviews using a standard questionnaire. Polymorphisms of susceptibility genes were assayed by PCR-RFLP techniques. A multigenetic index was created by summing up the number of risk genotypes. The data were analyzed using the logistic regression model. A reverse association between green tea drinking and risk of stomach cancer was observed with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34-1.01). Dose-response relationship was shown (p-trend < 0.05). A higher score on the multigenetic index was associated with increased risk of stomach cancer with an adjusted OR of 2.21 (95% CI = 1.02-4.79) for those with at least 3 risk genotypes compared to those with <2 risk genotypes. Green tea drinking was suggested to have more than multiplicative interactions with alcohol consumption with an adjusted OR for interaction of 4.57 (95% CI = 1.62-12.89), and with higher multigenetic index with adjusted OR for interaction of 2.31 (95% CI = 0.88-6.03). The protective effect of green tea drinking was observed on the risk of stomach cancer and the possible effect modification by susceptibility genes was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Mu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Yi Lu
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shun-Zhang Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Wu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nai-Chieh You
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Xue-Fu Zhou
- Taixing City Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Taixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bao-Guo Ding
- Taixing City Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Taixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru-Hong Wang
- Taixing City Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Taixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinkou Zhao
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Jiangsu CDC, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian-Yu Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Heber
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Correspondence to: Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, 71-225 CHS, Box 951772, 650 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772. Fax: +310-206-6039.
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Jung YD, Kim MS, Shin BA, Chay KO, Ahn BW, Liu W, Bucana CD, Gallick GE, Ellis LM. EGCG, a major component of green tea, inhibits tumour growth by inhibiting VEGF induction in human colon carcinoma cells. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:844-50. [PMID: 11259102 PMCID: PMC2363808 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechins are key components of teas that have antiproliferative properties. We investigated the effects of green tea catechins on intracellular signalling and VEGF induction in vitro in serum-deprived HT29 human colon cancer cells and in vivo on the growth of HT29 cells in nude mice. In the in vitro studies, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea extract, inhibited Erk-1 and Erk-2 activation in a dose-dependent manner. However, other tea catechins such as (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-epicatechin (EC) did not affect Erk-1 or 2 activation at a concentration of 30 microM. EGCG also inhibited the increase of VEGF expression and promoter activity induced by serum starvation. In the in vivo studies, athymic BALB/c nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with HT29 cells and treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of EC (negative control) or EGCG at 1.5 mg day(-1)mouse(-1)starting 2 days after tumour cell inoculation. Treatment with EGCG inhibited tumour growth (58%), microvessel density (30%), and tumour cell proliferation (27%) and increased tumour cell apoptosis (1.9-fold) and endothelial cell apoptosis (3-fold) relative to the control condition (P< 0.05 for all comparisons). EGCG may exert at least part of its anticancer effect by inhibiting angiogenesis through blocking the induction of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Jung
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea 501-190
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Li HC, Yashiki S, Sonoda J, Lou H, Ghosh SK, Byrnes JJ, Lema C, Fujiyoshi T, Karasuyama M, Sonoda S. Green tea polyphenols induce apoptosis in vitro in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of adult T-cell leukemia patients. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:34-40. [PMID: 10744042 PMCID: PMC5926221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols (TEA) are known to exhibit antioxidative activity as well as tumor-suppressing activity. In order to examine the tumor-suppressing activity of TEA against adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), we cultivated peripheral blood T lymphocytes of ATL patients (ATL PBLs), an HTLV-I-infected T-cell line (KODV) and healthy controls (normal PBLs) for 3 days in the presence of TEA and its main constituent, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis, and to quantitate mRNAs of HTLV-I pX and beta-actin genes of the cultured cells. Growth of ATL PBLs was significantly inhibited by 9-27 microg/ml of TEA and EGCg, in contrast to minimal growth inhibition of T cells of normal PBLs. Inhibition of KODV was intermediate between ATL PBLs and normal PBLs. The ATL PBLs and KODV treated with 27 microg/ml of either TEA or EGCg induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation, producing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells, while the normal PBLs treated with the same concentration of TEA or EGCg produced a negligibly small number of TUNEL-positive cells, in which apoptotic DNA fragmentation was not detectable. Expression of HTLV-I pX mRNA was suppressed more than 90% in ATL PBLs by treatment with 3-27 microg/ml of either TEA or EGCg, while expression of beta-actin mRNA was much less suppressed by treatment with the same concentration of TEA or EGCg. These results indicate that TEA and EGCg inhibit growth of ATL PBLs, as well as HTLV-I-infected T-cells, by suppressing HTLV-I pX gene expression and inducing apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Li
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka
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Okabe S, Ochiai Y, Aida M, Park K, Kim SJ, Nomura T, Suganuma M, Fujiki H. Mechanistic aspects of green tea as a cancer preventive: effect of components on human stomach cancer cell lines. Jpn J Cancer Res 1999; 90:733-9. [PMID: 10470285 PMCID: PMC5926138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1999.tb00808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well accepted that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits carcinogenesis in the digestive tract in rodents. To understand the mechanisms of anticarcinogenesis, we first studied growth inhibition by EGCG in human stomach cancer cell lines established at Seoul National University (SNU cell lines). Inhibition by EGCG of [3H]thymidine incorporation into eight SNU cell lines was examined, in relation to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) responsiveness. Various tea polyphenols derived from green tea and black tea induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of human stomach cancer cell line KATO III, and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release from the cells, in the order of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), EGCG, (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), teaflavins (TF) and (-)-epicatechin (EC). In addition, we demonstrated that EGCG inhibited TNF-alpha gene expression in KATO III cells, as well as okadaic acid-induced AP-1 and NF-kappa B activation. The inhibitory potencies of EGCG for AP-1 and NF-kappa B binding to DNA were different between KATO III cells and mouse fibroblast cell line BALB/3T3. Thus, EGCG and other tea polyphenols may interact with various transcription factors, in addition to AP-1 and NF-kappa B, in nuclei of various cells, resulting in inhibition of TNF-alpha gene expression and TNF-alpha release.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Okabe
- Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute
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