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Martin WJ, Sibley PK, Prosser RS. Characterization of Springtail (Arrhopalites caecus) for Use in Soil Ecotoxicity Testing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1820-1835. [PMID: 38837715 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Springtails (subclass: Collembola) represent one of the most extensively studied invertebrate groups in soil ecotoxicology. This is because of their ease of laboratory culture, significant ecological role, and sensitivity to environmental contaminants. Folsomia candida (family: Isotomidae) is a globally widespread parthenogenetic species that is prevalent in laboratory toxicity testing with springtails. Conversely, Arrhopalites caecus (family: Arrhopalitidae), a parthenogenic globular springtail species, remains untested in soil ecotoxicology. This species is found in diverse habitats, including cave systems and forest leaf litter, and has a global distribution. The sensitivity of A. caecus to environmental contaminants, such as neonicotinoid insecticides, as well as its life history and optimal culturing conditions, are largely unknown. The present study describes the establishment of a pure A. caecus laboratory culture and characterization of its life cycle and culturing conditions. We assessed the sensitivity of A. caecus to various insecticides, including exposures to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam in soil and through a novel feeding assay as well as to clothianidin and cyantraniliprole in spiked soil exposures. In 7- and 14-day exposures to thiamethoxam in agricultural soil, the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values were determined to be 0.129 mg/kg dry weight and 0.010 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The 14-day LC50 for exposure to thiamethoxam via spiked food was determined to be 0.307 mg/kg dry weight. In addition, the 28-day 50% effect concentration for inhibition of juvenile production from cyantraniliprole exposure in the same soil type was 0.055 mg/kg dry weight. Challenges encountered in using this species included susceptibility to mite infestation and low adult survival rates in the 28-day cyantraniliprole test. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1820-1835. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Martin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Radwan MA, Gad AF, Abd El-Aziz AM, El-Gendy KS. Unveiling the ecotoxicological effects of azoxystrobin-based fungicides at realistic concentrations on the land snail, Theba pisana. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16427. [PMID: 39013912 PMCID: PMC11252299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The ecotoxicological consequences of azoxystrobin on land snails have not yet been addressed. Therefore, the present study aims to provide novel data on the threat of a commercial grade azoxystrobin (AMISTAR) at two environmentally relevant concentrations (0.3 µg/ml) and tenfold (3 µg/ml) on the model species, Theba pisana by physiological, biochemical, and histopathological markers for 28 days. Our results showed a reduction in animal food consumption and growth due to exposure to both azoxystrobin concentrations. It also induced oxidative stress and led to a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels after 7 days of exposure, while the opposite effect occurred after 28 days. Except for the 7-day exposure, all treated snails had significantly reduced glutathione (GSH) content and increased catalase (CAT) activity at all-time intervals. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities, and protein content (PC) were elevated in treated snails at all-time intervals. Moreover, alterations in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity between a decrease and an increase were noticed. Additionally, azoxystrobin exerted changes in T. pisana hepatopancreas architecture. Our study suggests that azoxystrobin may have negative ecological consequences for T. pisana and highlights its potential risks to the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Radwan
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby 21545, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Amira F Gad
- Department of Animal Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira M Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby 21545, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kawther S El-Gendy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby 21545, Alexandria, Egypt
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3
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Martin WJ, Sibley PK, Prosser RS. Effect of Insecticide Exposure Across Multiple Generations of the Earthworm Eisenia andrei. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38980316 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The toxicity of neonicotinoids and many of their replacement insecticides to nontarget soil invertebrates such as earthworms has previously been established. However, the long-term effects of these substances on these organisms are largely unknown. In the field of soil ecotoxicology, lumbricid earthworms such as Eisenia andrei are used extensively due to the availability of standardized test methods and their adaptability to laboratory culture and testing. Multigenerational studies have gained popularity and attention in recent years, with a shift toward the use of long-term assays and lower concentrations of test chemicals. The use of exposure concentrations that include those measured in a monitoring program carried out by the Government of Ontario presents a realistic exposure scenario that may not show significant effects in contemporary, shorter term studies. We used current standardized test methods as a basis for the development of multigenerational studies on E. andrei. The effects of exposure to a single application of the insecticides thiamethoxam and cyantraniliprole on the survival and reproduction of E. andrei were observed over three (thiamethoxam) or two (cyantraniliprole) generations using consecutive reproduction tests. No significant impacts on adult survival were reported in any generation for either insecticide, whereas reproduction decreased between the first and second generations in the thiamethoxam test, with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.022 mg/kg dry weight reported for the first generation compared with 0.002 mg/kg dry weight in the second generation. For cyantraniliprole, an EC50 of 0.064 was determined for the first generation compared with 0.016 mg/kg dry weight in the second generation. A third generation was completed for the thiamethoxam test, and a significant decrease in reproduction was observed in all treatments and controls compared with previous generations. No significant difference between thiamethoxam treatments and the control treatment was reported for the third generation. Collectively, these data indicate that exposure of oligochaetes to these two insecticides at concentrations representative of field conditions may result in long-term stresses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-13. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Martin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul K Sibley
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Casado-Martinez MC, Dell'Ambrogio G, Campiche S, Kroll A, Lauber E, Marti-Roura M, Mendez-Fernandez L, Renaud M, Tierbach A, Wildi M, Wong JWY, Werner I, Junghans M, Ferrari BJD. Incorporation of sediment- and soil-specific aspects in the Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Ecotoxicity Data (CRED). INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024. [PMID: 38780110 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In environmental risk assessment either for registration purposes or for retrospective assessments of monitoring data, the hazard assessment is predominantly based on effect data from ecotoxicity studies. Most regulatory frameworks require studies used for risk assessment to be evaluated for reliability and relevance. Historically, the Klimisch methodology was used in many regulatory procedures where reliability needed to be evaluated. More recently, the Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Ecotoxicity Data (CRED) have been developed for aquatic ecotoxicity studies, providing more detailed guidance on the evaluation and reporting of not only the reliability but also the relevance of a scientific study. Here, we discuss the application of the CRED methodology for assessing sediment and soil ecotoxicity studies, addressing important sediment- and soil-specific criteria that should be included as part of the CRED evaluation system. We also provide detailed recommendations for the design and reporting of sediment and soil toxicity studies that can be used by scientists and researchers wishing to contribute ecotoxicological data for effect assessments carried out within regulatory frameworks. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-13. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexandra Kroll
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Eva Lauber
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Leire Mendez-Fernandez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mathieu Renaud
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alena Tierbach
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michel Wildi
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Janine W Y Wong
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Inge Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marion Junghans
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Benoit J D Ferrari
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
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Radwan MA, Gad AF, Abd El-Aziz AM, El-Gendy KS. Does commercial indoxacarb pose ecotoxicological consequences? Employing a multi-marker approach in the model species Theba pisana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31911-31924. [PMID: 38641691 PMCID: PMC11133071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Indoxacarb is one of the most extensively used oxadiazine insecticides worldwide, but it may exert detrimental effects on ecosystems, population dynamics, and health. Due to the lack of knowledge on the ecotoxicity of indoxacarb, it is still challenging to assess whether this insecticide poses an ecotoxicological impact on terrestrial environments. Therefore, our study aims to provide novel data on the toxic effects of 28-day dietary exposure to commercial grade indoxacarb at two environmentally relevant concentrations, 0.02 µg/mL and tenfold (0.2 µg/mL) on the model species, Theba pisana. Their effects were studied using a multiple biomarker approach by evaluating physiological, biochemical, and histopathological responses. After 28 days of treatment, indoxacarb at both concentrations significantly reduced the food intake and growth of the treated snails. Also, it caused decreases in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels after 7 and 14 days of exposure, whereas an opposite effect occurred after 21 and 28 days. All treated snails were found to exhibit a lower content of glutathione (GSH) after all times of exposure. Moreover, catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, as well as protein content (PC), were elevated in the treated snails after all time intervals. Post exposure to both realistic indoxacarb concentrations, changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity between a decrease and an increase were observed. Furthermore, indoxacarb caused histo-architectural changes in the hepatopancreas of T. pisana. Our results demonstrate that, at environmentally relevant concentrations, indoxacarb poses negative consequences for T. pisana, indicating its ecotoxicological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Radwan
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby 21545, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Amira F Gad
- Department of Animal Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira M Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby 21545, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kawther S El-Gendy
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, El-Shatby 21545, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mendes LA, Domínguez J. Spent coffee grounds as a suitable alternative to standard soil in ecotoxicological tests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16725-16734. [PMID: 38326678 PMCID: PMC10894160 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Eisenia andrei is considered in OECD and ISO guidelines to be a suitable replacement for Eisenia fetida in ecotoxicological assays. This suggests that other alternative materials and methods could also be used in standard procedures for toxicity testing. The guidelines also favor using less time-consuming procedures and reducing costs and other limitations to ecotoxicological assessments. In recent years, spent coffee grounds (SCG) have been used to produce vermicompost and biochar and as an additive to organic fertilizers. In addition, the physicochemical characteristics of SCG indicate that the material is a suitable substrate for earthworms, with the organisms performing as well as in natural soil. In the present study, a battery of ecotoxicological tests was established with unwashed and washed SCG and a natural reference soil (LUFA 2.2). The test substrates were spiked with different concentrations of silver nitrate. Survival and reproduction of the earthworm E. andrei were assessed under different conditions, along with substrate basal respiration (SBR) as a proxy for microbial activity. Seedling emergence and the germination index of Lepidium sativum were also determined, following standard guidelines. Exposure to silver nitrate had similar effects on earthworm survival and reproduction, as the estimated effective concentrations (EC10 and EC50) in unwashed SCG and LUFA 2.2 overlapped. A hormetic effect was observed for SBR in LUFA 2.2 spiked with 12.8 mg/kg but not in unwashed SCG. Both SBR and root development were inhibited by similar concentrations of silver nitrate in washed SCG. The findings indicate that unwashed SCG could potentially be used as a substrate in E. andrei toxicity tests and support the eventual inclusion of this material in the standard guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís André Mendes
- GEA (Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal), Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- GEA (Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal), Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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Panza G, Montanari M, Lopez D, Burattini S, Ciacci C, Fumelli PP, Pasini G, Fusi V, Giorgi L, Grandoni F, Papa S, Santolini R, Canonico B. Flow cytometric analysis of hepatopancreatic cells from Armadillidium vulgare highlights terrestrial isopods as efficient environmental bioindicators in ex vivo settings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:9745-9763. [PMID: 38194171 PMCID: PMC10824867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the high bioindication capacity of Isopoda (Crustacea, Oniscidea), which is related to their important ability to accumulate contaminants, usefulness in soil ecotoxicology and bioindication activities. Any change in the isopod population, diversity and life cycle can indicate relevant pollution levels. The analysis of target tissues, such as the hepatopancreas, is another emerging approach (from a cytologic/histological level) to detect contaminant accumulation from different sources. In this study, tissue disaggregation procedures were optimised in the hepatopancreas, and flow cytometry (FC) was applied to detect cell viability and several cell functions. After disaggregation, two hepatopancreatic cell types, small (S) and big (B), were still recognisable: they differed in morphology and behaviour. The analyses were conducted for the first time on isopods from sites under different conditions of ecological disturbance through cytometric re-interpretation of ecological-environmental parameters. Significant differences in cell functional parameters were found, highlighting that isopod hepatopancreatic cells can be efficiently analysed by FC and represent standardisable, early biological indicators, tracing environmental-induced stress through cytologic/histologic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Panza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mariele Montanari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniele Lopez
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Sabrina Burattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Piermarco Paci Fumelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pasini
- Centro Ricerche Ecologiche E Naturalistiche (CREN), Soc. Coop., 47922, Rimini, Italy
| | - Vieri Fusi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luca Giorgi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Grandoni
- Centro Di Ricerca Zootecnia E Acquacoltura (Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture), CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Santolini
- Department of Humanistic Studies (DISTUM), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
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Jegede OO, Fajana HO, Adedokun A, Najafian K, Lingling J, Stavness I, Siciliano SD. Integument colour change: Tracking delayed growth of Oppia nitens as a sub-lethal indicator of soil toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122772. [PMID: 37858700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Growth is an important toxicity end-point in ecotoxicology but is rarely used in soil ecotoxicological studies. Here, we assessed the growth change of Oppia nitens when exposed to reference and heavy metal toxicants. To assess mite growth, we developed an image analysis methodology to measure colour spectrum changes of the mite integument at the final developmental stage, as a proxy for growth change. We linked the values of red, green, blue, key-black, and light colour of mites to different growth stages. Based on this concept, we assessed the growth change of mites exposed to cadmium, copper, zinc, lead, boric acid, or phenanthrene at sublethal concentrations in LUFA 2.2 soil for 14 days. Sublethal effects were detected after 7 days of exposure. The growth of O. nitens was more sensitive than survival and reproduction when exposed to copper (EC50growth = 1360 mg/kg compared to EC50reproduction = 2896 mg/kg). Mite growth sensitivity was within the same order of magnitude to mite reproduction when exposed to zinc (EC50growth = 1785; EC50reproduction = 1562 mg/kg). At least 25% of sublethal effects of boric acid and phenanthrene were detected in the mites but growth was not impacted when O. nitens were exposed to lead. Consistent with previous studies, cadmium was the most toxic metal to O. nitens. The mite growth pattern was comparable to mite survival and reproduction from previous studies. Mite growth is a sensitive toxicity endpoint, ecologically relevant, fast, easy to detect, and can be assessed in a non-invasive fashion, thereby complimenting existing O. nitens testing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode O Jegede
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708, PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hamzat O Fajana
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Adedamola Adedokun
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Keyhan Najafian
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Jin Lingling
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ian Stavness
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
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Silva ASJ, Kristiansen SM, Sengupta S, van Gestel CAM, Leinaas HP, Borgå K. Using dietary exposure to determine sub-lethal effects from imidacloprid in two springtail (Collembola) species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:1209-1220. [PMID: 37989986 PMCID: PMC10724306 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Standard toxicity tests expose springtails (Collembola) through soil, while dietary exposure tests with animals visible on a surface are less commonly applied. We refined a method for dietary chemical exposure for two widely distributed and abundant Collembola species: Folsomia quadrioculata and Hypogastrura viatica as existing methods were sub-optimal. Newly hatched Collembola were offered bark with a natural layer of Cyanobacteria that was either moistened with a solution of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid using a micropipette or soaked in the solution overnight. The first method was superior in producing a measured concentration close to the nominal (0.21 and 0.13 mg/kg dry bark, respectively), and resulting in sub-lethal effects as expected. The adult body size was reduced by 8% for both species, but egg production only in H. viatica. Contrastingly, soaked bark resulted in a measured concentration of 8 mg/kg dry bark, causing high mortality and no egg production in either species. Next, we identified the sub-lethal concentration-range by moistening the bark to expose H. viatica to 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.13, 0.43 and 1.2 mg imidacloprid/kg dry bark. Only the highest concentration affected survival, causing a mortality of 77%. Imidacloprid reduced moulting rate and the body size at first reproduction. The age at first reproduction appeared delayed as some replicates did not reproduce within the experiment duration. The method of moistened bark for dietary exposure proved optimal to continuously study life history traits, such as growth and reproductive outcomes, which are important to understand effects on key events crucial for population viability and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Sofia Jorge Silva
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silje Marie Kristiansen
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sagnik Sengupta
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Petter Leinaas
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Malheiro C, Prodana M, Cardoso DN, Soares AMVM, Morgado RG, Loureiro S. Soil habitat function after innovative nanoagriproducts application: Effect of ageing on the avoidance behaviour of the soil invertebrates Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165955. [PMID: 37536601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on nanotechnology with applications in agriculture has been gathering attention because it may achieve a good balance between agricultural production and environmental integrity. Among the vast nanomaterials, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a promising solution for supplying crops with macro- and/or micronutrients. Still, little is known about their safety implications for non-target organisms, such as soil invertebrates. The habitat function of soils might be impacted by potential stressors, which can be assessed through avoidance behaviour tests. This study aimed to assess the effect of two innovative agriproducts, Zn-Al-NO3 LDH and Mg-Al-NO3 LDH, on the avoidance behaviour of the enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus and the collembolan Folsomia candida, over time. Simultaneously, Zn and Mg potential release from LDHs to soil was evaluated. Overall, the behaviour of soil invertebrates differed between species, with enchytraeids being more sensitive to LDHs-treated soils than collembolans, possibly explained by their different physiological traits. The behaviour of soil organisms also depended on the LDH structural composition and was time-variable. Soil treated with Zn-Al-NO3 LDH was perceived as less favourable compared to Mg-Al-NO3 LDH, which was preferred to clean soil at most tested concentrations. LDHs toxicity was partly, but not exclusively, related to Zn and Mg release. Cations release over time was demonstrated in the chemical assessment. Still, LDHs toxicity to soil invertebrates decreased as increasing AC50 values were derived over time. Slower dissolution over time might explain the decrease in toxicity. Our study demonstrates that both soil invertebrates could sense LDHs in soil and eventually adapt their behaviour by avoiding or preferring, according to the type and level of LDH present.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Malheiro
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Prodana
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - D N Cardoso
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R G Morgado
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Loureiro
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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11
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Urionabarrenetxea E, Casás C, Garcia-Velasco N, Santos MJG, Tarazona JV, Soto M. Environmental risk assessment of PPP application in European soils and potential ecosystem service losses considering impacts on non-target organisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115577. [PMID: 37839184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) is leading to high exposure scenarios with potential risk to soil organisms, including non-target species. Assessment of the effects of PPPs on non-target organisms is one of the most important components of environmental risk assessment (ERA) since they play crucial functions in ecosystems, being main driving forces in different soil processes. As part of the framework, EFSA is proposing the use of the ecosystem services approach for setting specific protection goals. In fact, the services provided by soil organisms can be impacted by the misuse of PPPs in agroecosystems. The aim of this work was to assess PPPs potential risk upon ecosystem services along European soils, considering impacts on earthworms and collembola. Four well-known (2 insecticides-esfenvalerate and cyclaniliprole- and 2 fungicides - picoxystrobin and fenamidone-) worst case application (highest recommended application) were studied; exploring approaches for linked observed effects with impacts on ecosystem services, accounting for their mode of action (MoA), predicted exposure, time-course effects in Eisenia fetida and Folsomia sp. and landscape variability. The selected fungicides exerted more effects than insecticides on E. fetida, whereas few effects were reported for both pesticides regarding Folsomia sp. The most impacted ecosystem services after PPP application to crops appeared to be habitat provision, soil formation and retention, nutrient cycling, biodiversity, erosion regulation, soil remediation/waste treatment and pest and disease regulation. The main factors to be taken into account for a correct PPP use management in crops are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Urionabarrenetxea
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Carmen Casás
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nerea Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Miguel J G Santos
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Jose V Tarazona
- Risk Assessment Unit. Spanish National Environmental Health Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manu Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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12
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Van Der Spuy L, Erasmus JH, Nachev M, Schaeffner BC, Sures B, Wepener V, Smit NJ. The use of fish parasitic isopods as element accumulation indicators in marine pollution monitoring. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115385. [PMID: 37579706 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are continuously under threat due to pollutants, which endanger marine biodiversity. The present study determines the potential use of the parasitic isopod, Cinusa tetrodontis Schjödte et Meinert, 1884, together with its fish host, Amblyrhynchotes honckenii (Bloch) for marine bioaccumulation monitoring. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn were determined in muscle and liver tissues of infested and uninfested fish, and male and female parasites on the South African temperate south coast. The concentrations of Cu and Ni in C. tetrodontis differed significantly between two sampling sites, a near-pristine (Breede River Estuary, Witsand) and a more polluted site (harbour area in Mossel Bay). Mossel Bay isopods had higher concentrations of Ni, while Witsand isopods had higher concentrations of Cu. In contrast to fish hosts, parasitic isopods accumulated significantly higher levels of all elements except Cd. Most significant relationships between elements accumulated by C. tetrodontis and an increase of elements in fish tissues were seen in liver, rather than muscle tissue samples. Specimens of C. tetrodontis can be defined as good bioindicators for elements such as As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn, as they possess high bioaccumulation capabilities. This study addresses one of several future directions needed within environmental parasitology and highlights the importance of studying and utilising this host-ectoparasite model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Van Der Spuy
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - J H Erasmus
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - M Nachev
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - B C Schaeffner
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, University of Iceland, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - B Sures
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - V Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - N J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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13
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Kumari S, Gautam K, Seth M, Anbumani S, Manickam N. Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil by bacterial consortium in soil amended with Eisenia fetida and rhamnolipid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28082-y. [PMID: 37326724 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the concerted effort of Eisenia fetida and rhamnolipid JBR-425 in combination with a five-member bacterial consortium exhibiting elevated degradation levels of low and high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from soil contaminated with Digboi crude oil. Application of bacterial consortium (G2) degraded 30-89% of selected PAH from the artificial soil after a 45-day post-exposure, in which chrysene showed the highest level of degradation with 89% and benzo(a)pyrene is the lowest with 30%, respectively. Moreover, an acute exposure study observed that earthworm biomass decreased, and mortality rates increased with increasing crude oil concentrations (0.25 to 2%). Earthworms with a 100% survival rate at 1% crude oil exposure suggest the tolerance potential and its mutual involvement in the bioremediation of crude oil with selected bacterial consortia. Bacterial consortium assisted with E. fetida (G3) showed 98% chrysene degradation with a slight change in benzo(a)pyrene degradation (35%) in crude oil spiked soil. Besides, the most dominant PAH in crude oil found in the current work, fluoranthene, undergoes 93% and 70% degradation in G3 and G5 groups, respectively. However, rhamnolipid JBR-425 coupled with the bacterial consortium (G5) has resulted in 97% degradation of chrysene and 33% for benzo(a)pyrene. Overall, bacterial consortium assisted with earthworm group has shown better degradation of selected PAH than bacterial consortium with biosurfactant. Catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GST) activity and MDA content was found to be reduced in earthworms after sub-lethal exposure, suggesting oxidative stress prevalence via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence, the findings of the present work suggest that the application of a bacterial consortium, along with earthworm E. fetida, has huge potential for field restoration of contaminated soil with PAH and ecosystem sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, G D Goenka University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, C.R. Krishnamurti (CRK) Campus, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Monika Seth
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, C.R. Krishnamurti (CRK) Campus, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, C.R. Krishnamurti (CRK) Campus, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Natesan Manickam
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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14
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Hennig TB, Bandeira FO, Puerari RC, Fraceto LF, Matias WG. A systematic review of the toxic effects of a nanopesticide on non-target organisms: Estimation of protective concentrations using a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach - The case of atrazine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162094. [PMID: 36764548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanopesticides, such as nanoencapsulated atrazine (nATZ), have been studied and developed as eco-friendly alternatives to control weeds in fields, requiring lower doses. This review contains a historical and systematic literature review about the toxicity of nATZ to non-target species. In addition, the study establishes protective concentrations for non-target organisms through a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach. Through the systematic search, we identified 3197 publications. Of these, 14 studies addressed "(nano)atrazine's toxicity to non-target organisms". Chronological and geographic data on the publication of articles, characterization of nATZ (type of nanocarrier, size, polydispersity index, zeta potential), experimental design (test species, exposure time, measurements, methodology, tested concentrations), and toxic effects are summarized and discussed. The data indicate that cell and algal models do not show sensitivity to nATZ, while many terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, aquatic vertebrates, microorganisms, and plants have high sensitivity to nAZT. The SSD results indicated that D. similis is the most sensitive species to nATZ, followed by C. elegans, E. crypticus, and P. subcapitata. However, the limitations in terms of the number of species and endpoints available to elaborate the SSD reflect gaps in knowledge of the effects of nATZ on different ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Costa Puerari
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, São Paulo State University, Av. Três de Março, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - William Gerson Matias
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil.
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15
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Bakker R, Ellers J, Roelofs D, Vooijs R, Dijkstra T, van Gestel CAM, Hoedjes KM. Combining time-resolved transcriptomics and proteomics data for Adverse Outcome Pathway refinement in ecotoxicology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161740. [PMID: 36708843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Conventional Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) of pesticide pollution is based on soil concentrations and apical endpoints, such as the reproduction of test organisms, but has traditionally disregarded information along the organismal response cascade leading to an adverse outcome. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework includes response information at any level of biological organization, providing opportunities to use intermediate responses as a predictive read-out for adverse outcomes instead. Transcriptomic and proteomic data can provide thousands of data points on the response to toxic exposure. Combining multiple omics data types is necessary for a comprehensive overview of the response cascade and, therefore, AOP development. However, it is unclear if transcript and protein responses are synchronized in time or time lagged. To understand if analysis of multi-omics data obtained at the same timepoint reveal one synchronized response cascade, we studied time-resolved shifts in gene transcript and protein abundance in the springtail Folsomia candida, a soil ecotoxicological model, after exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid. We analyzed transcriptome and proteome data every 12 h up to 72 h after onset of exposure. The most pronounced shift in both transcript and protein abundances was observed after 48 h exposure. Moreover, cross-correlation analyses indicate that most genes displayed the highest correlation between transcript and protein abundances without a time-lag. This demonstrates that a combined analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data from the same time-point can be used for AOP improvement. This data will promote the development of biomarkers for the presence of neonicotinoid insecticides or chemicals with a similar mechanism of action in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Bakker
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacintha Ellers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Keygene N.V., Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Riet Vooijs
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd Dijkstra
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 25, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katja M Hoedjes
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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Fear generalization and behavioral responses to multiple dangers. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:369-380. [PMID: 36428124 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Animals often exhibit consistent-individual differences (CIDs) in boldness/fearfulness, typically studied in the context of predation risk. We focus here on fear generalization, where fear of one danger (e.g., predators) is correlated with fear of other dangers (e.g., humans, pathogens, moving vehicles, or fire). We discuss why fear generalization should be ecologically important, and why we expect fear to correlate across disparate dangers. CIDs in fear are well studied for some dangers in some taxa (e.g., human fear of pathogens), but not well studied for most dangers. Fear of some dangers has been found to correlate with general fearfulness, but some cases where we might expect correlated fears (e.g., between fear of humans, familiar predators, and exotic predators) are surprisingly understudied.
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17
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Tourinho PS, Loureiro S, Pavlaki MD, Mocová KA, Ribeiro F. A Systematic Review of Nano- and Microplastic (NMP) Influence on the Bioaccumulation of Environmental Contaminants: Part I-Soil Organisms. TOXICS 2023; 11:154. [PMID: 36851029 PMCID: PMC9958926 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and microplastics (NMPs) are a group of contaminants that cause concern due to their abundance in the environment, high persistence, and interaction with other contaminants. This review aims to understand the role of NMP in the bioaccumulation of environmental contaminants. For that, a comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify publications that compared the uptake of contaminants in the presence and absence of NMP. In this part I, twenty-eight publications of the terrestrial compartment were analyzed. Two main taxonomic groups were studied, namely, earthworms and terrestrial plants. In earthworms, most studies observed an increase in the bioaccumulation of the contaminants, while in plants, most studies observed a decrease in the bioaccumulation. Changes in bioavailable fractions of contaminants due to NMP presence was the main reason pointed out by the authors for their outcomes. Moreover, biological aspects were also found to be important in defining how NMPs affect bioaccumulation. Dermal damage and changes in contaminant-degrading bacteria in the gut of earthworms caused an increase in bioaccumulation, and root pore blockage was a common reason for the decrease in the bioaccumulation of contaminants in plants. Nevertheless, such effects were mainly observed at high, unrealistic NMP concentrations. Finally, knowledge gaps were identified, and the limitations of this systematic review were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S. Tourinho
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria D. Pavlaki
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Klará Anna Mocová
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fabianne Ribeiro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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18
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Santos FCF, Verweij RA, van Gestel CAM, Amorim MJB. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of chromium in the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159868. [PMID: 36328254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromium emissions led to increased concentrations in soil, where it can affect soil organisms to relevant levels. With the aim of better understanding the effects of Cr throughout time, its toxicokinetics-toxicodynamics (TKTD) were evaluated in the soil model organism Enchytraeus crypticus to assess the development of internal concentrations and consequent toxic effects. To achieve this goal, organisms were exposed in LUFA 2.2 soil spiked with increasing CrCl3 concentrations. During the 21-day exposure period, survival, internal concentrations, and reproduction were evaluated at several time points up to 21 days. Uptake and elimination rate constants were 0.0044 kg soil/kg organism/day and 0.023 per day, respectively. Internal Cr concentrations increased with time, generally reaching equilibrium within 14 days with an estimated LC50inter (based on internal metal concentrations) of 57.7 mg Cr/kg body DW. Internal Cr concentrations were regulated by the organisms up to exposure to 360 mg Cr/kg soil DW, where the elimination rate was highest, but at 546 mg Cr/kg soil DW the animals were no longer able to eliminate Cr, and the internal concentrations were well above the estimated LC50inter. At day 21, exposure to 546 mg Cr/kg soil DW significantly reduced survival by 23 %, while reproduction EC50 was 344 mg Cr/kg soil DW. This study highlights the advantages of using a TKTD approach to understand the development of internal metal concentrations in time and relate it to the phenotypical effects observed. Toxicity is better understood when also taking into account time and not just exposure concentration alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C F Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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19
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Graciani TS, Bandeira FO, Cardoso EJBN, Alves PRL. Influence of temperature and soil moisture on the toxic potential of clothianidin to collembolan Folsomia candida in a tropical field soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:82-92. [PMID: 36648631 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can alter the toxic effects of pesticides on soil invertebrates. However, the nature and magnitude of the influence of climatic factors on clothianidin impacts in tropical soils are still unknown. The influence of increasing atmospheric temperature and the reduction in soil moisture on the toxicity and risk of clothianidin (seed dressing formulation Inside FS®) were assessed through chronic toxicity tests with collembolans Folsomia candida in a tropical field soil (Entisol). The risk of clothianidin for collembolans was estimated using the Toxicity-Exposure Ratio (TER) approach. Organisms were exposed to increasing clothianidin concentrations at 20, 25 and 27 °C in combination with two soil moisture conditions (30 and 60% of the maximum water holding capacity-WHC). The effect of temperature and soil moisture content on clothianidin toxicity was verified through the number of F. candida juveniles generated after 28 days of exposure to the spiked soil. The toxicities estimated at 25 °C (EC50_30%WHC = 0.014 mg kg-1; EC50_60%WHC = 0.010 mg kg-1) and 27 °C (EC50_30%WHC = 0.006 mg kg-1; EC50_60%WHC = 0.007 mg kg-1) were 2.9-3.0-fold (25 °C) and 4.3-6.7-fold (27 °C) higher than those found at 20 °C (EC50_30%WHC = 0.040 mg kg-1; EC50_60%WHC = 0.030 mg kg-1), indicating that clothianidin toxicity increases with temperature. No clear influence of soil moisture content on clothianidin toxicity could be observed once the EC50 values estimated at 30% and 60% WHC, within the same temperature, did not significantly differ. A significant risk was detected in all temperatures and soil moisture scenarios studied, and the TER values indicate that the risk can increase with increasing temperatures. Our results revealed that temperature could overlap with soil moisture in regulating clothianidin toxicity and reinforce the importance of including climatic factors in the prospective risk assessment of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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20
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Guimarães B, Römbke J, Amorim MJB. On the importance of longer-term exposure to stressors - A critical review and proposal for multigenerational testing in standard soil invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158680. [PMID: 36108845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Standard laboratory tests to describe the impact of stressors (most notably: chemicals) on organisms offer a good compromise between feasibility and outcome, i.e., they should be reproducible and provide robust results. However, these tests may underestimate the potential effects of prolonged exposures, particularly for persistent contaminants. Within the last years, we have observed an increase in studies aiming to target prolonged exposure, e.g., via an extended test duration or by multigenerational (MG) exposure. Seemingly, both reduced and increased impacts have been observed in these studies, but it is also clear that no unique test setup was used, and test designs vary widely among studies. To better describe long term effects, MG is a highly relevant aspect which deserves more consideration at various testing and assessment levels. Therefore, we conducted a literature review focusing on available studies performed with soil invertebrates, exposed to stressors for periods longer than in standard laboratory tests, i.e., full life cycle tests, as well as extensions to standard and MG tests. So far, it has been recommended that such studies should cover more than one generation, but this statement is probably too vague. In this contribution, we summarize and critically discuss the information provided in the literature, and we provide suggestions for future research. The currently available test results from long-term studies have produced clear evidence to recommend the implementation of long-term tests in existing regulatory testing requirements (e.g., for pesticides), in particular for persistent substances and also for delayed effects. Consequently, we recommend the inclusion of such longer exposure test designs (e.g., as annexes) in current OECD and ISO guidelines. However, when doing so, the long-term test designs proposed so far have to be critically adapted for a selected set of representative soil invertebrate test species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guimarães
- University of Aveiro, Department of Biology & CESAM, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Boettgerstr. 2-14, D-65439 Flörsheim, Germany
| | - M J B Amorim
- University of Aveiro, Department of Biology & CESAM, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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21
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Voinorosky CL, Standen KM, Stewart KJ. Environmental Impact of Triclopyr on Habitat Quality in Boreal Rights-of-Way. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2955-2967. [PMID: 36039969 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The indirect effects of herbicides on habitat quality in boreal ecoregions remain poorly understood. Herbicides are commonly applied on boreal rights-of-way to control vegetation below power lines, where they can indirectly enter the soil ecosystem after leaf abscission. Key soil processes such as litter decomposition and soil nutrient cycling can be influenced by altering litter chemistry and/or impacting decomposer species. Disruption of these soil processes could lead to changes in ecosystem health of boreal systems. The indirect impacts of triclopyr on habitat quality of treated boreal rights-of-way were examined through litter mass loss and quality (carbon-to-nitrogen ratios) and the response of boreal invertebrates (Folsomia candida and Oppia nitens) in microcosms and avoidance tests. Litter breakdown rates were not significantly different within a year of treatment. However, we did observe nitrogen profile differences between field-treated and untreated samples, which likely resulted from triclopyr-induced repression of natural leaf senescence processes. At field application rates, there were no differences in survival and reproduction rates of F. candida, which is key in litter breakdown. The triclopyr concentrations that caused 50% of tested F. candida and O. nitens to avoid treated litter were above field application rates. Therefore, field application rates of triclopyr are not expected to impair habitat quality and ecosystem services of boreal ecoregions based on the parameters we evaluated. Our study improves understanding of the effects of herbicide application on habitat quality and is critical for responsible herbicide use on boreal rights-of-way. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2955-2967. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine M Standen
- Department of Plant Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Katherine J Stewart
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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22
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Bakker R, Ekelmans A, Xie L, Vooijs R, Roelofs D, Ellers J, Hoedjes KM, van Gestel CAM. Biomarker development for neonicotinoid exposure in soil under interaction with the synergist piperonyl butoxide in Folsomia candida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80897-80909. [PMID: 35729387 PMCID: PMC9596504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide toxicity is typically assessed by exposing model organisms to individual compounds and measuring effects on survival and reproduction. These tests are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and do not accurately capture the effect of pesticide mixtures. Moreover, it is unfeasible to screen the nearly infinite combinations of mixtures for synergistic effects on model organisms. Therefore, reliable molecular indicators of pesticide exposure have to be identified, i.e., biomarkers. These biomarkers can form the basis of rapid and economical screening procedures to assess the toxicity of pesticides even under synergistic interaction with other pollutants. In this study, we screened the expression patterns of eight genes for suitability as a biomarker for neonicotinoid exposure in the soil ecotoxicological model Folsomia candida (springtails). Springtails were exposed to the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiacloprid either alone or with various levels of piperonyl butoxide (PBO), which inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs): a common point of synergistic interaction between neonicotinoid and other pesticides. First, we confirmed PBO as a potency enhancer for neonicotinoid toxicity to springtail fecundity, and then used it as a tool to confirm biomarker robustness. We identified two genes that are reliably indicative for neonicotinoid exposure even under metabolic inhibition of CYPs by PBO, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-subunit alpha 1 (nAchR) and sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter (SMCT). These results can form the basis for developing high-throughput screening procedures for neonicotinoid exposure in varying mixture compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Bakker
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Astrid Ekelmans
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liyan Xie
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riet Vooijs
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Keygene N.V., Agro Business Park 90, Wageningen, 6708, PW, The Netherlands
| | - Jacintha Ellers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katja M Hoedjes
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Joimel S, Chassain J, Artru M, Faburé J. Collembola are Among the Most Pesticide-Sensitive Soil Fauna Groups: A Meta-Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2333-2341. [PMID: 35815474 PMCID: PMC9805160 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a major concern because of their deleterious impacts on biodiversity and on the ecological functions provided by living organisms. Although earthworms are well studied, smaller-sized organisms, such as Collembola, also contribute to the agroecosystem functioning, and their sensitivity to pesticides makes them good bioindicators of soil quality. Using data from 21 publications, we performed a meta-analysis to compare the pesticide sensitivity of Collembola with other soil invertebrate groups and discuss the relevance of including tests on representatives of this microarthropods group in European regulation tests. We defined a paired observation as the median lethal concentration or the median effect concentration values for both Collembola species and another soil fauna group (Acari, enchytraeids, earthworms, isopods, and nematodes) under a unique combination of author, year, substance, and type of soil (61 and 57 paired observations for reproduction and lethal effects). In some studies, paired comparisons were available for several groups of soil fauna. We demonstrated that Collembola are among the most sensitive soil fauna groups to a variety of pesticides, notably for effects on reproduction, mostly compared with earthworms and enchytraeids. Because there are several modes of exposure and explaining factors, we suggest moving from a single-species study to a food-chain approach integrating different taxonomic groups. Differences between soil fauna groups in sensitivity or response to pesticides could have effects on soil communities and also on soil functions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2333-2341. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Joimel
- UMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
| | - Juliette Chassain
- UMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
| | - Maxime Artru
- UMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
| | - Juliette Faburé
- UMR ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
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24
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Vittori M, Dominko M. A bibliometric analysis of research on terrestrial isopods. Zookeys 2022; 1101:13-34. [PMID: 36760969 PMCID: PMC9848840 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1101.81016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) are crustaceans that thrive in terrestrial environments. This study provides an overview of the major topics in terrestrial isopod research during the last 70 years in order to provide an example of publication practices in invertebrate zoology and to examine how basic research in this area is transferred to its applications. Co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling based on citation data from the Web of Science Core Collection was used. Findings show that while research on terrestrial isopods expanded in applicative research prioritised by research policies, basic research continues to flourish. The most productive countries in the field include the major developed economies and several smaller nations. In the smaller countries, as well as in France and Italy, the bulk of woodlouse research is performed at a few institutions with traditions in this field. Some of the most influential works have been published in periodicals or monographs that are not indexed in Web of Science or Scopus and lack impact factors. Conference proceedings represent some of the most influential publications in the field. Our findings indicate that smaller and developing economies make significant contributions in invertebrate zoology if their research organisations can achieve continuity of research on a topic. Another conclusion is that journal metrics may be a misleading descriptor of the impact of studies and researchers in this field. Ultimately, these results identify several examples of how basic research in invertebrate zoology leads to applications with considerable socio-economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Vittori
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Miha Dominko
- Institute for Economic Research, Kardeljeva ploščad 17, 1109 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute for Economic ResearchLjubljanaSlovenia
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25
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Silva I, Alves M, Malheiro C, Silva ARR, Loureiro S, Henriques I, González-Alcaraz MN. Short-Term Responses of Soil Microbial Communities to Changes in Air Temperature, Soil Moisture and UV Radiation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050850. [PMID: 35627235 PMCID: PMC9142034 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the effects on a soil microbial community of short-term alterations in air temperature, soil moisture and ultraviolet radiation and assessed the role of invertebrates (species Enchytraeus crypticus) in modulating the community’s response to these factors. The reference soil, Lufa 2.2, was incubated for 48 h, with and without invertebrates, under the following conditions: standard (20 °C + 50% water holding capacity (WHC)); increased air temperature (15–25 °C or 20–30 °C + 50% WHC); flood (20 °C + 75% WHC); drought (20 °C + 25% WHC); and ultraviolet radiation (UV) (20 °C + 50% WHC + UV). BIOLOG EcoPlates and 16S rDNA sequencing (Illumina) were used to assess the microbial community’s physiological profile and the bacterial community’s structure, respectively. The bacterial abundance (estimated by 16S rDNA qPCR) did not change. Most of the conditions led to an increase in microbial activity and a decrease in diversity. The structure of the bacterial community was particularly affected by higher air temperatures (20–30 °C, without E. crypticus) and floods (with E. crypticus). Effects were observed at the class, genera and OTU levels. The presence of invertebrates mostly resulted in the attenuation of the observed effects, highlighting the importance of considering microbiome–invertebrate interactions. Considering future climate changes, the effects described here raise concern. This study provides fundamental knowledge to develop effective strategies to mitigate these negative outcomes. However, long-term studies integrating biotic and abiotic factors are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Silva
- CEF (Center for Functional Ecology), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Marta Alves
- CBQF—Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Portuguese Catholic University, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Catarina Malheiro
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Ana Rita R. Silva
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Isabel Henriques
- CEF (Center for Functional Ecology), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (I.H.); (M.N.G.-A.)
| | - M. Nazaret González-Alcaraz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering of the E.T.S.I.A. & Soil Ecology and Biotechnology Unit of the Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Technical University of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.H.); (M.N.G.-A.)
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26
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Lamy I, Faburé J, Mougin C, Coutellec MA, Morin S, Denaix L, Martin-Laurent F. Aquatic and terrestrial ecotoxicology considering the soil:water continuum in the Anthropocene context. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29221-29225. [PMID: 35102509 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lamy
- INRAE, AgroParistech, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Functional Ecology and Ecotoxicology of Agroecosystems, Ecotoxicology Team, Paris Saclay University, Versailles, France.
| | - Juliette Faburé
- INRAE, AgroParistech, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Functional Ecology and Ecotoxicology of Agroecosystems, Ecotoxicology Team, Paris Saclay University, Versailles, France
| | - Christian Mougin
- INRAE, AgroParistech, UMR1402 ECOSYS, Functional Ecology and Ecotoxicology of Agroecosystems, Ecotoxicology Team, Paris Saclay University, Versailles, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- INRAE, UMR0985 DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, Institut Agro, IFREMER, Rennes, France
| | - Soizic Morin
- INRAE, UR EABX Ecosystèmes Aquatiques et Changements Globaux, Cestas, France
| | - Laurence Denaix
- INRAE, UMR1391 ISPA Interaction Sol Plante Atmosphère, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- INRAE, Agroecologie, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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27
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Fouché T, Claassens S, Maboeta MS. Ecotoxicological Effects of Aflatoxins on Earthworms under Different Temperature and Moisture Conditions. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020075. [PMID: 35202103 PMCID: PMC8878706 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination remains one of the most important threats to food safety and human health. Aflatoxins are mainly found in soil, decaying plant material and food storage systems and are particularly abundant during drought stress. Regulations suggest the disposal of aflatoxin-contaminated crops by incorporation into the soil for natural degradation. However, the fate and consequences of aflatoxin in soil and on soil organisms providing essential ecological services remain unclear and could potentially pose a risk to soil health and productivity. The protection of soil biodiversity and ecosystem services are essential for the success of the declared United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. The focus of this study was to investigate the toxicological consequences of aflatoxins to earthworms’ survival, growth, reproduction and genotoxicity under different temperature and moisture conditions. Results indicated an insignificant effect of aflatoxin concentrations between 10 and 100 µg/kg on the survival, growth and reproduction but indicated a concentration-dependent increase in DNA damage at standard testing conditions. However, the interaction of the toxin with different environmental conditions, particularly low moisture, resulted in significantly reduced reproduction rates and increased DNA damage in earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Fouché
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-6709711
| | - Sarina Claassens
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (S.C.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Mark Steve Maboeta
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; (S.C.); (M.S.M.)
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28
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Hennig TB, Alves PRL, Toniolo T, Bandeira FO, Dos Santos WE, da Costa Cabrera L, Gilson ÍK, Baretta D. Toxicity of fipronil to Folsomia candida in contrasting tropical soils and soil moisture contents: effects on the reproduction and growth. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:64-74. [PMID: 34674062 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the influence of three tropical soil types and soil moisture content on the toxicity and risk of the insecticide fipronil to collembolans Folsomia candida. Chronic toxicity tests were performed in a Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS), an Oxisol and an Entisol spiked with increasing concentrations of fipronil to assess the effects on the reproduction and growth of the species. The soil moisture contents were kept at 60% (standard condition) and 30 or 45% (water restriction) of their water holding capacity (WHC). The toxicity of fipronil on collembolans reproduction was about three times higher in Entisol compared to TAS or Oxisol. Higher toxicities were also found in the drier TAS (EC50 30%WHC = 0.20 vs EC50 60%WHC = 0.70 mg kg-1) and Oxisol (EC50 45%WHC = 0.27 vs EC50 60%WHC = 0.54 mg kg-1), while in Entisol lower impacts were found in the drier samples (EC50 30%WHC = 0.41 vs EC50 60%WHC = 0.24 mg kg-1). For all tested soils, the size of generated collembolans was reduced by the fipronil concentrations, regardless of soil moisture. However, the drier condition increased the effect on the growth in TAS and Entisol for some concentrations. A significant risk of exposure was found in TAS and Oxisol at drier conditions and, for Entisol, regardless of the soil moisture. The toxic effects and risk of fipronil on collembolans were higher in the natural sandy soil. The soil moisture content increase or decrease the toxicity of the insecticide for collembolans, depending on soil type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Toniolo
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapecó, SC, 89802112, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
| | | | - Liziara da Costa Cabrera
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Cerro Largo, RS, 97900000, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Kael Gilson
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Cerro Largo, RS, 97900000, Brazil
| | - Dilmar Baretta
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, Lages, SC, 88520000, Brazil
- Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste, Santa Catarina State University, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, Chapecó, SC, 89815-630, Brazil
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29
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Tóth Z, Hornung E, Szlavecz K. Urban effects on saprophagous macroarthropods are mainly driven by climate: A global meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149182. [PMID: 34311374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrodecomposers provide important ecosystem services even in human dominated habitats including urban ecosystems, but the effect of urban land conversion on their species diversity and abundance has not been explored at global scale. Here, we present the first meta-analysis to quantify the general response of two major arthropod taxa, terrestrial isopods and millipedes to urbanization and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Climatic (temperature, precipitation, growing season length), edaphic (pH, organic carbon, CaCO3 and clay content of surface soils), urban (population density, city age, vegetation cover and mean actual evapotranspiration) parameters and methods of study (duration, sampling technique, replications) were used as moderators. We used a hierarchical meta-analytic approach to consider the dependence of multiple effect sizes obtained from one study. Altogether 156 paired observations were extracted from 59 urban studies conducted between 1980 and 2020. Urbanization had a negative effect on species diversity (species richness and Shannon index) of both macroarthropod taxa. However, both the direction and strength of their abundance response varied to a greater extent, resulting in a neutral effect of urban disturbance on them. The key drivers influencing the urban effects on macroarthropods were mean annual temperature and precipitation, absolute minimum temperature and length of growing season. The study also highlighted the importance of sampling methods: direct sampling (hand collecting) resulted in stronger urban effects presumably due to several sources of sampling bias. Our global synthesis highlighted that urbanization is a threat to soil arthropods, particularly to litter-dwelling detritivores, which potentially alters plant residue processing and ultimately soil biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Tóth
- Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Elisabeth Hornung
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Rottenbiller str. 50, H-1077 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Szlavecz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218-2681, USA
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30
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Höss S, Reiff N, Traunspurger W, Helder J. On the balance between practical relevance and standardization - Testing the effects of zinc and pyrene on native nematode communities in soil microcosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147742. [PMID: 34023611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soils are among the most densely inhabited and biodiverse habitats on our planet, and many important soil ecosystem services depend on the health condition of the native soil fauna. Anthropogenic stress such as chemical pollution acting on the native soil fauna might jeopardize these functions. Laboratory microcosm tests are an appropriate tool for assessing the risk of chemicals on the native soil fauna and can be regarded as intermediate tier tests, bridging the gap between single species toxicity tests and field testing. Nematodes are one of the most abundant and divers soil invertebrates, and as such native nematode communities might be suitable for ecotoxicological assessments in laboratory microcosm set ups. In order to test such a small-scale (30 g soil) microcosm system, two different chemicals (zinc and pyrene) were assessed in various soil types for their effects on the respective native nematode communities. Various community parameters such as total nematode density, genus richness and genus composition, as well as trait-related indices (e.g. maturity index) were monitored over a period of 8-10 weeks. The response of the nematode communities strongly varied between soil types, and these differences were more pronounced for Zn than for pyrene. Interestingly, the structure of the respective native nematode communities was shown to play a larger role for explaining the varying toxic effects than soil properties governing the bioavailability of the spiked chemicals. We demonstrated that exposure of natural nematode communities in their original soil matrix to the metal zinc and to pyrene under climatically highly controlled conditions resulted in quantitatively and qualitatively distinct responses. Upon comparison of various community indices, the maturity index was shown to be the most sensitive toxicity endpoint for all tested soils and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Höss
- Ecossa, Giselastr. 6, 82319 Starnberg, Germany; Bielefeld University, Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | | | - Walter Traunspurger
- Bielefeld University, Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes Helder
- Wageningen University, Laboratory for Nematology, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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31
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Louzon M, Gimbert F, Belly T, Amiot C, Pauget B, de Vaufleury A, Capelli N. From environmental bioavailability of metal(loid)s to their ecogenotoxicological effects in land snails. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43629-43642. [PMID: 33840022 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To date, no study has linked the environmental and the ecogenotoxicological bioavailability of contaminants to land snails. Yet, understanding the specific ecotoxicological mechanisms from bioaccumulation to genotoxicity is necessary e.g., to build an adverse outcome pathway relevant to risk assessment. Consequently, the aim of our study is to look for relationships between accumulated concentrations of As, Cd and Hg in sub-adult snails and ecotoxicological effects at the individual (survival and growth) and molecular (genomic stability) levels. This study combines random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) coupled with high-resolution capillary electrophoresis system (HRS) and micronucleus (MN) assay on haemocytes to consider various types of cytogenomic damage, such as chromosomal aberrations, breakages, adducts and mutations. The results showed alteration of the individual endpoints at higher accumulation quotients (AQs) that reflect the excess of transfers to snails, especially with decreased survival for As. In addition, genotoxic effects were observed with an increased occurrence of MN in haemocytes for the three meta(loid)s considered (R2 from 0.57 to 0.61 as a function of the meta(loid)s). No concentration-dependent decrease in genome stability was highlighted by RAPD-HRS in snails exposed to As and Cd but not Hg. Our results demonstrate the complementarity of the RAPD-HRS and the MN assay for understanding the different genotoxic mechanisms of the three metal(loid)s studied in land snails. They show a way to better assess environmental risks of contaminated soils by associating ecotoxicity, genotoxicity and bioaccumulation assays (ISO 24032), i.e., ecogenotoxicological bioavailability. Convergences highlighted here between the bioaccumulation of metal(loid)s in viscera and genotoxic effects in haemocytes constitute a way to better assess the bioavailability of contaminants in soils to the land snail and the subsequent environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Louzon
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Thibault Belly
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Amiot
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Benjamin Pauget
- TESORA, Le Visium, 22 Avenue Aristide Briand, 94110, Arcueil, France
| | - Annette de Vaufleury
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Capelli
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.
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Queirós L, Marques C, Pereira JL, Gonçalves FJM, Aschner M, Pereira P. Overview of Chemotaxis Behavior Assays in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e120. [PMID: 33974354 PMCID: PMC8162703 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution related to anthropogenic pressures, and the associated repercussions on public health, represent a worldwide problem. Thus, the study of the effects that environmental contaminants can pose to natural ecosystems and human health is of vital importance. Laboratory model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans have played a significant role in clarifying multilevel effects of those agents. Although the evaluation of contaminant effects at the behavioral level of organisms is an emerging approach in ecotoxicology, studies assessing chemotaxis behavior in C. elegans within the ecotoxicological research context are still scarce. Chemotaxis studies in C. elegans have contributed to the understanding of both the neuronal mechanisms involved in the behavioral effects triggered by environmental cues and the impact of contaminants on natural ecosystems. Its compact and well-characterized nervous system, as well as the availability of transgenic strains and molecular tools, allows a detailed examination of behavioral, molecular, and genetic chemosensation mechanisms. This overview provides a summary and general comparison of methods used to measure chemotaxis behavior in C. elegans, with the aim of helping researchers select the most suitable approach in their chemotaxis studies. We compare methods based on the type of chemical tested, advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches, and specific experimental goals. Lastly, we hope to encourage the evaluation of C. elegans chemotaxis behavior in ecotoxicology studies, as well as its potential integration in standardized protocols assessing environmental quality. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libânia Queirós
- Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Marques
- Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana L. Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J. M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Filipiak ZM, Bednarska AJ. Different effects of Zn nanoparticles and ions on growth and cellular respiration in the earthworm Eisenia andrei after long-term exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:459-469. [PMID: 33616802 PMCID: PMC7987695 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of zinc nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and ions (ZnCl2) on the mortality, growth, maturation, and cellular respiration of the earthworm Eisenia andrei were assessed. Earthworms were individually exposed for 98 days, starting from the juvenile stage, to soils contaminated with either ZnO-NPs or ZnCl2 (125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg Zn kg-1 dry weight (dw)). Exposure to the highest-concentration ionic treatments (500 and 1000 mg kg-1) caused 100% mortality, while for other treatments, mortality did not exceed 15% at the end of exposure. Compared to the control treatment, both 125-1000 mg kg-1 ZnO-NPs and 125 or 250 mg kg-1 ZnCl2 stimulated earthworm growth, which might be due to a hormetic effect. ZnO-NPs and ZnCl2 caused different responses at medium Zn concentrations (250 and 500 mg kg-1): earthworms exposed to ionic treatment at 250 mg kg-1 were characterized by a significantly lower growth constant, lower cellular respiration rate, later inflection point, and higher final body weight than those exposed to ZnO-NPs treatments at the same (250 mg kg-1) or twice as high (500 mg kg-1) nominal Zn concentrations. However, differences were not observed in all examined parameters between the studied forms when the highest-concentration ZnO-NPs treatment was compared with the lowest-concentration ionic treatment, which was likely due to the same levels of available Zn concentrations in those treatments. Overall, different growth and maturation strategies accompanied by pronounced differences in cellular respiration were adopted by earthworms exposed to low and medium levels of either ZnO-NPs or ZnCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna M Filipiak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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Brami C, Pérès G, Menasseri-Aubry S, Byers-Woods JD, Jacquet T, Lowe CN. Effect of Miscanthus × giganteus ash on survival, biomass, reproduction and avoidance behaviour of the endogeic earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:431-440. [PMID: 33638753 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the EU's targets for reducing energy production from fossil fuels, the use of energy crops, such as Miscanthus × giganteus, is increasing resulting in a corresponding increase in waste ash from incineration. The chemical properties of Miscanthus ash (e.g. phosphorus and potassium content) may allow this waste material (currently landfilled) to be used as a fertiliser, but no information exists on the effect of the ash on the biological properties of soil. The main aim of this study was to determine the potential impact of Miscanthus ash on earthworms by assessing the effect on survival, change in biomass, reproduction and avoidance behaviour of the geophagous, soil dwelling earthworm, Aporrectodea caliginosa. Tests utilised a range of Miscanthus ash doses from 0 to 50 t ha-1 (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50). Results showed that Miscanthus ash had no significant impact on A. caliginosa survival, biomass and reproduction, but negative trends were observed for biomass from 2.5 t ha-1 and for reproduction from 10 t ha-1. In contrast, a significant avoidance response was observed in the 25 and 50 t ha-1 treatment and according to ISO guideline 17512 there is a negative impact of the Miscanthus ash on soil habitat function at 25 t ha-1 and above as more than 80% of earthworms were in the control soil. It is suggested that this negative effect on soil habitat function could be attributed to a range of factors including the presence of heavy metals in the ash and a change in substrate pH, texture and/or osmotic stress. Further laboratory-based studies conducted over extended time periods with a more refined range of ash doses and associated field-based studies are required to validate the results and determine a more precise assessment of the threshold ash value inducing a loss of soil habitat function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Brami
- UMR SAS, Institut Agro, INRAE, 35000, Rennes, France.
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
- Phytorestore, 53 avenue Philippe Auguste, 75011, Paris, France.
| | - Guénola Pérès
- UMR SAS, Institut Agro, INRAE, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Jacquet
- Phytorestore, 53 avenue Philippe Auguste, 75011, Paris, France
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Sahraoui AS, Verweij RA, Belhiouani H, Cheriti O, van Gestel CAM, Sahli L. Dose-dependent effects of lead and cadmium and the influence of soil properties on their uptake by Helix aspersa: an ecotoxicity test approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:331-342. [PMID: 33432456 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three soil types with different physicochemical properties were selected to evaluate their effect on lead and cadmium bioavailability and toxicity in the land snail Helix aspersa. In 28-day ecotoxicity tests, H. aspersa juveniles were exposed to increasing concentrations of Pb or Cd. EC50s, concentrations reducing snail growth by 50%, differed between the soils and so did Cd and Pb uptake in the snails. For lead, EC50s were 2397-6357 mg Pb/kg dry soil, while they ranged between 327 and 910 mg Cd/kg dry soil for cadmium. Toxicity and metal uptake were highest on the soil with the lowest pH, organic matter content and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Growth reduction was correlated with metal accumulation levels in the snails' soft body, and differences in toxicity between the soils decreased when EC50s were expressed on the basis of internal metal concentrations in the snails. These results confirm the effect of soil properties; pH, CEC, OM content, on the uptake and growth effect of Pb and Cd in H. aspersa, indicating the importance of properly characterizing soils when assessing the environmental risk of metal contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboubakre Seddik Sahraoui
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, University Mentouri Brothers-Constantine1, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Rudo A Verweij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hadjer Belhiouani
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, University Mentouri Brothers-Constantine1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Oumnya Cheriti
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, University Mentouri Brothers-Constantine1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Sahli
- Laboratory of Biology and Environment, University Mentouri Brothers-Constantine1, Constantine, Algeria
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Kratasyuk VA, Kolosova EM, Sutormin OS, Lonshakova-Mukina VI, Baygin MM, Rimatskaya NV, Sukovataya IE, Shpedt AA. Software for Matching Standard Activity Enzyme Biosensors for Soil Pollution Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1017. [PMID: 33540862 PMCID: PMC7867351 DOI: 10.3390/s21031017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work is dedicated to developing enzyme biosensor software to solve problems regarding soil pollution analysis. An algorithm and specialised software have been developed which stores, analyses and visualises data using JavaScript programming language. The developed software is based on matching data of 51 non-commercial standard soil samples and their inhibitory effects on three enzyme systems of varying complexity. This approach is able to identify the influence of chemical properties soil samples, without toxic agents, on enzyme biosensors. Such software may find wide use in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A. Kratasyuk
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.A.K.); (O.S.S.); (V.I.L.-M.); (N.V.R.); (I.E.S.)
- Federal Research Center ‘Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS’, Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 50/50 Akagemgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elizaveta M. Kolosova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.A.K.); (O.S.S.); (V.I.L.-M.); (N.V.R.); (I.E.S.)
| | - Oleg S. Sutormin
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.A.K.); (O.S.S.); (V.I.L.-M.); (N.V.R.); (I.E.S.)
| | - Viktoriya I. Lonshakova-Mukina
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.A.K.); (O.S.S.); (V.I.L.-M.); (N.V.R.); (I.E.S.)
| | - Matvey M. Baygin
- Department of High-Efficiency Calculations, Siberian Federal University, 26-ULK building Kirensky St., 660074 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda V. Rimatskaya
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.A.K.); (O.S.S.); (V.I.L.-M.); (N.V.R.); (I.E.S.)
| | - Irina E. Sukovataya
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.A.K.); (O.S.S.); (V.I.L.-M.); (N.V.R.); (I.E.S.)
| | - Alexander A. Shpedt
- Federal Research Center ‘Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS’, Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 66 Svobodny pr., 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Department of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Araújo LS, Silva SQ, Teixeira MC. Developing a biosurfactant to attenuate arsenic contamination in mining tailings. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06093. [PMID: 33604469 PMCID: PMC7876543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the ability of a microbial consortium to produce biosurfactant in the presence of two carbon sources and also to evaluate the efficiency of the cell-free supernatant cultures to mobilize As from naturally contaminated soil. Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas were the main microorganisms in the microbial consortium. The pH, the incubation time, the temperature, and the glucose and glycerol ratios in the culture medium are the main factors influencing biosurfactant production. The lowest surface tension, 30 mN.m-1, and the higher emulsification index, 58%, were achieved at the optimum production conditions (OPC), i.e., pH 9.5, a 2.5 glucose/glycerol ratio, after three days of incubation at 25 °C. The cell-free extracts containing biosurfactants were more efficient in mobilizing As than distilled water, CaCl2 0.1 mol.L-1; saponin, 0.1%; or sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1% during a sequential soil-flushing procedure. The As mobilization using the supernatants containing biosurfactant was sensitive to pH. The use of OPC cell-free supernatant under alkaline conditions leads to the best-obtained results: 24.6% of As removal (678 mg.kg-1) during sequential extractions. The toxicity reduction of the column eluted solution from the first to the seventh cycle evaluated by the germination index (GI) and morphological structures of Allium cepa in the ecotoxicological assessment confirmed the efficiency of the proposed treatment. Allium cepa seeds and seedlings were sensitive in detecting As in soil and eluted solutions with short time responses to the contaminant. Seeds development increased gradually with arsenic removal. The germination index rose from 0 to 55% after soil decontamination through the proposed soil-flushing procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa S.S. Araújo
- Environmental Engineering Graduating Program - ProAmb, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvana Q. Silva
- Environmental Engineering Graduating Program - ProAmb, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, 35450-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mônica C. Teixeira
- Environmental Engineering Graduating Program - ProAmb, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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de Lima E Silva C, van Haren C, Mainardi G, de Rooij W, Ligtelijn M, van Straalen NM, van Gestel CAM. Bringing ecology into toxicology: Life-cycle toxicity of two neonicotinoids to four different species of springtails in LUFA 2.2 natural soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128245. [PMID: 33297192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Collembolans comprise one of the most abundant groups of soil invertebrates within the arthropods. The parthenogenetic species Folsomia candida (Willem, 1902) is the most well-studied representative, being used since the beginning of the 1960s as a model organism for assessing toxicity of chemicals in soil. In this paper we aimed at answering three questions by exposing four different species of springtails (F. candida, Folsomia fimetaria, Sinella curviseta and Heteromurus nitidus) to the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiacloprid: i) How representative as a model organism is F. candida for species of springtails that reproduce sexually? (ii) How suitable are other species of springtails to be used as model organisms for ecotoxicological testing? (iii) Is it possible to use the life history of these species to extrapolate the impact of neonicotinoids on the population level? Our results showed that F. candida is a good model organism, despite being the most sensitive species tested, when analysing both endpoints - survival and reproduction. The tests performed with S. curviseta and H. nitidus showed that they could be used as surrogates in ecotoxicity tests, and also to predict how their population might be affected after being exposed to chemicals. The adjustments made to the test performed with F. candida: introducing adults (20-22 days old) into the test jars and exposing them for 21 days instead of 28 days, proved to be as efficient as the standardized test guideline (OECD 232, 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia de Lima E Silva
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Claire van Haren
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giulia Mainardi
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Winona de Rooij
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michella Ligtelijn
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Vacant lot soil degradation and mowing frequency shape communities of belowground invertebrates and urban spontaneous vegetation. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Ardestani MM, Keshavarz-Jamshidian M, van Gestel CAM, van Straalen NM. Avoidance tests with the oribatid mite Oppia nitens (Acari: Oribatida) in cadmium-spiked natural soils. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:81-93. [PMID: 32812208 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Avoidance behavior can be a useful parameter for assessing the ability of organisms to escape from pollutants in their environment. For soil evaluation, a variety of invertebrates is used including the oribatid mite Oppia nitens. Here, we tested the avoidance behavior of O. nitens using a two-chamber test and an escape test with exposures to different cadmium concentrations of up to 800 mg kg-1 dry LUFA 2.2 soil for 2, 4, and 6 days, and up to 7 weeks. With the two-chamber method, the oribatid mites had the choice between clean and polluted soils, whereas they were allowed to escape from a box with polluted soil to clean containers without soil with the escape method. Avoidance of cadmium was observed after 2 days in both tests and the net response of the mites in the two-chamber test increased with increasing cadmium exposure concentrations. Mite responses varied through time, especially with the escape method; with the avoidance behavior becoming more variable and overall non-significant with longer test durations. This is the first study investigating the escape test simultaneously with long-term avoidance of cadmium by O. nitens. This mite species is a promising species for avoidance testing in soil ecotoxicology, but more experiments are needed to evaluate the factors that influence its responses in laboratory tests and the consequences for its distribution in contaminated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jegede OO, Awuah KF, Renaud MJ, Cousins M, Hale BA, Siciliano SD. Single metal and metal mixture toxicity of five metals to Oppia nitens in five different Canadian soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122341. [PMID: 32092659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metal mixture toxicity across soil types is a daunting challenge to risk assessment. Here, we evaluated metal mixture toxicity in Oppia nitens, using ten fixed metal mixture ratios in five Canadian soils that closely matched some of the EU PNEC reference soils. Soils were dosed with five metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni) as single metals (ten concentrations) and as mixtures (eight concentrations). Synchronized adult mites were exposed to metals, with survival and reproduction assessed after 28 days. We found out that (i) the differences among soils in mite sensitivity and single metals were not consistent when mites were exposed to metal mixtures, (ii) assuming concentration addition, the mixture interaction factor (MIF) showed that single metal low effect levels excessively underestimated low level metal mixture effects (iii) Zn emerged as a protective metal in most mixtures, and (iv) Soil properties such as CEC, independent of effects on metal speciation, explained more of the variation than measured metals. This study suggests that metal risk assessment should be done on a case by case basis. Further work is needed to ensure that by protecting soil-dwelling organisms from single metals, the risk from metal mixtures is appropriately protected for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode O Jegede
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
| | - Kobby F Awuah
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Mathieu J Renaud
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada 8 Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mark Cousins
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Beverley A Hale
- Department of Land Resource Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
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Fouché T, Claassens S, Maboeta M. Aflatoxins in the soil ecosystem: an overview of its occurrence, fate, effects and future perspectives. Mycotoxin Res 2020; 36:303-309. [PMID: 32270463 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-020-00393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by specific strains of fungi, especially Aspergillus spp. These natural toxins are mainly found in soil, decaying vegetation and food storage systems and are particularly abundant during drought stress. Aflatoxin contamination is one of the most important threats to food safety and human health due to its toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Therefore, most research focuses on post-harvest contamination of aflatoxins in feed and food commodities but very limited information is available about aflatoxin contamination and its toxicological consequences in the soil ecosystem. Current regulations provide minimal options for the disposal of aflatoxin-contaminated crops, amongst which is the incorporation of residues into the soil for natural degradation. This form of mycotoxin loading into the soil could potentially change its physicochemical characteristics and biotic parameters. Recent studies suggest that as climate conditions change, the occurrence and geographical distribution of aflatoxins might increase, posing significant health risks to the soil ecosystem, food crop production and human health. This review will focus on studies that look at the environmental and toxicological consequences of aflatoxin contamination with the aim of clarifying the risk that aflatoxin contamination poses to soil ecosystems. Many aspects of aflatoxin occurrence, degradation and the effects of its transformation products in the soil environment are still unknown and remain an important area of research for soil health and productivity. A climatic approach, in terms of changes in soil moisture and air temperature, is important for future risk assessments of aflatoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Fouché
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - Sarina Claassens
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Mark Maboeta
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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43
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Ardestani MM. Comparison Among Test Substrates in Metal Uptake and Toxicity to Folsomia candida and Hordeum vulgare. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:400-410. [PMID: 32077985 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this short review was to assess the effect of test medium on the bioavailability of metals to the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida and the barley plant Hordeum vulgare. Solution-only exposures and sand-solution media were suitable media with control survival of > 80%. Comparing toxicity and accumulation data, LC50 and/or EC50 values as well as internal concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) were similar in the tests with different porewater composition for springtails and barley plants. Similar results for toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd and Cu using different test substrates, suggest the importance of physiological handling of the effects by the organisms rather than the influence of test medium composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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44
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Castaño-Sánchez A, Hose GC, Reboleira ASPS. Ecotoxicological effects of anthropogenic stressors in subterranean organisms: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125422. [PMID: 31805461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
How anthropogenic stressors affect biodiversity is a central question in a changing world. Subterranean ecosystems and their biodiversity are particularly vulnerable to change, yet, these species are frequently neglected in analyses of global biodiversity and assessments of ecological status and risk. Are these hidden species affected by anthropogenic stressors? Do they survive outside of the current thermal limits of their ecosystems? These and other important questions can be addressed with ecotoxicological testing, relating contaminants and temperature resistance of species with measured environmental concentrations and climatic data. Ecotoxicological knowledge specific to subterranean ecosystems is crucial for establishing thresholds for their protection, but such data are both scarce and scattered. Here, we review the existing ecotoxicological studies of these impacts to subterranean-adapted species. An effort that includes 167 measured endpoints and presents a database containing experimentally derived species' tolerance data for 28 contaminants and temperature, for 46 terrestrial and groundwater species, including fungi and animals. The lack of standard data among the studies is currently the major impediment to evaluate how stressors affect subterranean-adapted species and how differently they respond from their relatives at surface. Improving understanding of ecotoxicological effects on subterranean-adapted species will require extensive analysis of physiological responses to a wide range of untested stressors, standardization of testing protocols and evaluation of exposures under realistic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Castaño-Sánchez
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grant C Hose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ana Sofia P S Reboleira
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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45
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Kolosova EM, Sutormin OS, Esimbekova EN, Lonshakova-Mukina VI, Kratasyuk VA. Set of Enzymatic Bioassays for Assessment of Soil Contamination. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2020; 489:165-168. [PMID: 32130583 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496619060024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A concept of the comprehensive assessment of soil contamination is proposed. According to it, the conclusion regarding the presence of toxic substances in the analyzed sample is based on the inhibition of enzymatic reactions responsible for various functions of a living organism, such as luminescence, respiration, etc. These functions are taken as test functions in classical bioassays with the use of living objects (luminous bacteria, daphnia, algae, and others). The regularities of the impact of different classes of toxicants on the activity of particular enzymes or coupled oligo-enzyme chains have been established. These enzyme reactions are selected as potential test objects: markers of contamination. Three enzyme systems with the maximal sensitivity to different classes of toxicants have been chosen for the set of enzymatic bioassays: butyrylcholinesterase, NAD(P)H:FMN-oxidoreductase + luciferase, and lactate dehydrogenase + NAD(P)H:FMN-oxidoreductase + luciferase. The possibility to use enzymes instead of living organisms in the bioassay of natural complex systems has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Kolosova
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - O S Sutormin
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - E N Esimbekova
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | - V A Kratasyuk
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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46
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Fajana HO, Gainer A, Jegede OO, Awuah KF, Princz JI, Owojori OJ, Siciliano SD. Oppia nitens C.L. Koch, 1836 (Acari: Oribatida): Current Status of Its Bionomics and Relevance as a Model Invertebrate in Soil Ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2593-2613. [PMID: 31433516 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The oribatid soil mite Oppia nitens C.L. Koch, 1836, is a model microarthropod in soil ecotoxicity testing. This species has a significant role in supporting soil functions and as a suitable indicator of soil contamination. Despite its significance to the environment and to ecotoxicology, however, very little is known of its biology, ecology, and suborganismal responses to contaminants in the soil. In the present review, we present detailed and critical insights into the biology and ecology of O. nitens in relation to traits that are crucial to its adaptive responses to contaminants in soil. We used a species sensitivity distribution model to rank the species sensitivity to heavy metals (cadmium and zinc) and neonicotinoids (imidacloprid and thiacloprid) compared with other standardized soil invertebrates. Although the International Organization for Standardization and Environment and Climate Change Canada are currently standardizing a protocol for the use of O. nitens in soil toxicity testing, we believe that O. nitens is limited as a model soil invertebrate until the molecular pathways associated with its response to contaminants are better understood. These pathways can only be elucidated with information from the mites' genome or transcriptome, which is currently lacking. Despite this limitation, we propose a possible molecular pathway to metal tolerance and a putative adverse outcome pathway to heavy metal toxicity in O. nitens. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2593-2613. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzat O Fajana
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Amy Gainer
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Olukayode O Jegede
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kobby F Awuah
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Juliska I Princz
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Steven D Siciliano
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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47
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Drăghici GA, Dehelean C, Pinzaru I, Bordean DM, Borozan A, Tsatsakis AM, Kovatsi L, Nica D. Soil copper uptake by land snails: A semi-field experiment with juvenile Cantareus aspersus snails. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103243. [PMID: 31445455 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is currently limited scientific evidence linking soil copper and land snails, although these invertebrates are important players in terrestrial ecosystems. In the present study, Cantareus aspersus juveniles, were exposed in two successive phases of 30 days each, to soil spiked with increasing concentrations of copper sulfate. Copper concentrated preferentially and in a dose-dependent manner in the hepatopancreas. In the case of specimens previously exposed to Cu-spiked soils, Cu retention kinetics were independent from the effects of a new exposure event. There was no effect on shell growth, but significant mortality was observed at 60 days. The no observed effect concentration and the lowest observed effect concentration for mortality in snails, were ˜ 41 and 54 mg, respectively, per grams dry weight in the hepatopancreas. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that terrestrial gastropods can accumulate soil Cu autonomously from dietary uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Andrei Drăghici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Despina Maria Bordean
- Faculty of Food Processing Technology, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" From Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Aurica Borozan
- Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" From Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645, Timisoara, Romania.
| | | | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dragos Nica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq 2, 300041, Timisoara, Romania.
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48
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Lin X, Sun Z, Zhao L, Zhou C, Wu Z, Hou H. The toxicity thresholds of metal(loid)s to soil-dwelling springtail Folsomia candida-A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:632-645. [PMID: 31132559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concentrations of metals in soil have posed a serious threat to the soil environment. The control and evaluation of soil metal hazards demand the establishment of soil ecological criteria, which is mainly based on the obtainment of toxicity thresholds. As the most typical representative of soil-dwelling springtails, Folsomia candida performs numerous essential ecological functions in soil and has been extensively used to investigate metal toxicity effects and thresholds. This review outlined the current state of knowledge on the metal toxicity thresholds to Folsomia candida, including (1) toxicity thresholds of soil metals for the different endpoints, (2) the influence factors of metal toxicity thresholds including the test conditions, the chemical forms of metal, the soil physicochemical properties, aging time and leaching, (3) the bioavailable fractions predicting metal toxicity thresholds, (4) the internal threshold of metals. To conclude, several recommendations for future research are given to obtain the more reliable toxicity thresholds and further supplement the toxicity data of metals to Folsomia candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zaijin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Changzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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49
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Jegede OO, Awuah KF, Fajana HO, Owojori OJ, Hale BA, Siciliano SD. The forgotten role of toxicodynamics: How habitat quality alters the mite, Oppia nitens, susceptibility to zinc, independent of toxicokinetics. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:444-454. [PMID: 31003129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil habitat quality is thought to influence metal toxicity via changes in speciation and thereby toxicokinetics. Here, we assessed the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic effects of habitat quality on mite, Oppia nitens when exposed to zinc (Zn) contaminated soils. Forty-seven soils were ranked into three habitat qualities; high, medium, and low based on biological reproduction of Folsomia candida, Enchytraeus crypticus, and Elymus lanceolatus. From the 47 soils, eighteen soils (comprising of six soils from each habitat quality) were randomly selected and dosed with field relevant concentrations of Zn. Mite survival and reproduction were assessed after 28 days. Total Zn, bioaccessible Zn, Zn bioavailability, Zn body burden, lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities of the mites were determined. Zinc toxicity and potency were much less in the high compared to low quality soils and the mites in the high habitat quality soils tolerated higher zinc body burdens (2040 ± 130 μg/g b.w) than the lower habitat quality (1180 ± 310 μg/g b.w). Lower LDH activity (20 ± 2 μU mg-1) in the high quality soils compared to lower quality soils (50 ± 8 μU mg-1) suggested that there was less stress in the high habitat quality mites. Despite changes in speciation across habitat qualities, bioavailability of zinc was similar (∼20%) irrespective of habitat quality. Our results suggest that the influence of soil properties on survival is modulated by toxicodynamics rather than toxicokinetics. Restoring habitat quality may be more important for soil invertebrate protection than metal concentration at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode O Jegede
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3.
| | - Kobby F Awuah
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3
| | - Hamzat O Fajana
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3
| | - Olugbenga J Owojori
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - Beverley A Hale
- Department of Land Resource Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3; Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
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50
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Simões T, Novais SC, Natal-da-Luz T, Renaud M, Leston S, Ramos F, Römbke J, Roelofs D, van Straalen NM, Sousa JP, Lemos MFL. From laboratory to the field: Validating molecular markers of effect in Folsomia candida exposed to a fungicide-based formulation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:522-530. [PMID: 30981023 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Under controlled laboratory conditions, toxicity data tend to be less variable than in more realistic in-field studies and responses may thus differ from those in the natural environment, creating uncertainty. The validation of data under environmental conditions is therefore a major asset in environmental risk assessment of chemicals. The present study aimed to validate the mode of action of a commercial fungicide formulation in the soil invertebrate F. candida, under more realistic exposure scenarios (in-field bioassay), by targeting specific molecular biomarkers retrieved from laboratory experiments. Organisms were exposed in soil cores under minimally controlled field conditions for 4 days to a chlorothalonil fungicide dosage causing 75% reduction of reproduction in a previous laboratory experiment (127 mg a.i. kg-1) and half this concentration (60 mg a.i. kg-1). After exposure, organisms were retrieved and RNA was extracted from each pool of organisms. According to previous laboratorial omics results with the same formulation, ten genes were selected for gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR, corresponding to key genes of affected biological pathways including glutathione metabolism, oxidation-reduction, body morphogenesis, and reproduction. Six of these genes presented a dose-response trend with higher up- or down-regulation with increasing pesticide concentrations. Highly significant correlations between their expression patterns in laboratory and in-field experiments were observed. This work shows that effects of toxicants can be clearly demonstrated in more realistic conditions using validated biomarkers. Our work outlines a set of genes that can be used to assess the early effects of pesticides in a realistic agricultural scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Simões
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mathieu Renaud
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Leston
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim, Germany
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José P Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
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