1
|
Schlundt C, Saß RA, Bucher CH, Bartosch S, Hauser AE, Volk HD, Duda GN, Schmidt-Bleek K. Complex Spatio-Temporal Interplay of Distinct Immune and Bone Cell Subsets during Bone Fracture Healing. Cells 2023; 13:40. [PMID: 38201244 PMCID: PMC10777943 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healing of a bone injury is a highly complex process involving a multitude of different tissue and cell types, including immune cells, which play a major role in the initiation and progression of bone regeneration. METHODS We histologically analyzed the spatio-temporal occurrence of cells of the innate immune system (macrophages), the adaptive immune system (B and T lymphocytes), and bone cells (osteoblasts and osteoclasts) in the fracture area of a femoral osteotomy over the healing time. This study was performed in a bone osteotomy gap mouse model. We also investigated two key challenges of successful bone regeneration: hypoxia and revascularization. RESULTS Macrophages were present in and around the fracture gap throughout the entire healing period. The switch from initially pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype coincided with the revascularization as well as the appearance of osteoblasts in the fracture area. This indicates that M2 macrophages are necessary for the restoration of vessels and that they also play an orchestrating role in osteoblastogenesis during bone healing. The presence of adaptive immune cells throughout the healing process emphasizes their essential role for regenerative processes that exceeds a mere pathogen defense. B and T cells co-localize consistently with bone cells throughout the healing process, consolidating their crucial role in guiding bone formation. These histological data provide, for the first time, comprehensive information about the complex interrelationships of the cellular network during the entire bone healing process in one standardized set up. With this, an overall picture of the spatio-temporal interplay of cellular key players in a bone healing scenario has been created. CONCLUSIONS A spatio-temporal distribution of immune cells, bone cells, and factors driving bone healing at time points that are decisive for this process-especially during the initial steps of inflammation and revascularization, as well as the soft and hard callus phases-has been visualized. The results show that the bone healing cascade does not consist of five distinct, consecutive phases but is a rather complex interrelated and continuous process of events, especially at the onset of healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schlundt
- Julius Wolff Institut, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (R.A.S.); (C.H.B.); (G.N.D.)
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Radost A. Saß
- Julius Wolff Institut, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (R.A.S.); (C.H.B.); (G.N.D.)
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian H. Bucher
- Julius Wolff Institut, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (R.A.S.); (C.H.B.); (G.N.D.)
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sabine Bartosch
- Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Plarz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Julius Wolff Institut, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (R.A.S.); (C.H.B.); (G.N.D.)
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institut, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (R.A.S.); (C.H.B.); (G.N.D.)
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, BIH at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duda GN, Geissler S, Checa S, Tsitsilonis S, Petersen A, Schmidt-Bleek K. The decisive early phase of bone regeneration. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:78-95. [PMID: 36624263 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bone has a remarkable endogenous regenerative capacity that enables scarless healing and restoration of its prior mechanical function, even under challenging conditions such as advanced age and metabolic or immunological degenerative diseases. However - despite much progress - a high number of bone injuries still heal with unsatisfactory outcomes. The mechanisms leading to impaired healing are heterogeneous, and involve exuberant and non-resolving immune reactions or overstrained mechanical conditions that affect the delicate regulation of the early initiation of scar-free healing. Every healing process begins phylogenetically with an inflammatory reaction, but its spatial and temporal intensity must be tightly controlled. Dysregulation of this inflammatory cascade directly affects the subsequent healing phases and hinders the healing progression. This Review discusses the complex processes underlying bone regeneration, focusing on the early healing phase and its highly dynamic environment, where vibrant changes in cellular and tissue composition alter the mechanical environment and thus affect the signalling pathways that orchestrate the healing process. Essential to scar-free healing is the interplay of various dynamic cascades that control timely resolution of local inflammation and tissue self-organization, while also providing sufficient local stability to initiate endogenous restoration. Various immunotherapy and mechanobiology-based therapy options are under investigation for promoting bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Geissler
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Checa
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao J, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Cuproptosis and cuproptosis-related genes in rheumatoid arthritis: Implication, prospects, and perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930278. [PMID: 35990673 PMCID: PMC9386151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that severely affects patients' physical and mental health, leading to chronic synovitis and destruction of bone joints. Although various available clinical treatment options exist, patients respond with varying efficacies due to multiple factors, and there is an urgent need to discover new treatment options to improve clinical outcomes. Cuproptosis is a newly characterized form of cell death. Copper causes cuproptosis by binding to lipid-acylated components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to protein aggregation, loss of iron-sulfur cluster proteins, and eventually proteotoxic stress. Targeting copper cytotoxicity and cuproptosis are considered potential options for treating oncological diseases. The synovial hypoxic environment and the presence of excessive glycolysis in multiple cells appear to act as inhibitors of cuproptosis, which can lead to excessive survival and proliferation of multiple immune cells, such as fibroblast-like synoviocytes, effector T cells, and macrophages, further mediating inflammation and bone destruction in RA. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to elaborate and summarize the linkage of cuproptosis and key genes regulating cuproptosis to the pathological mechanisms of RA and their effects on a variety of immune cells. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis and support for translating preclinical and experimental results of RA to clinical protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Steven J. Schrodi, ; Dongyi He,
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Steven J. Schrodi, ; Dongyi He,
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Steven J. Schrodi, ; Dongyi He,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ehnert S, Relja B, Schmidt-Bleek K, Fischer V, Ignatius A, Linnemann C, Rinderknecht H, Huber-Lang M, Kalbitz M, Histing T, Nussler AK. Effects of immune cells on mesenchymal stem cells during fracture healing. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1667-1695. [PMID: 34909117 PMCID: PMC8641016 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, bone is considered an osteoimmune system which encompasses functions of a locomotive organ, a mineral reservoir, a hormonal organ, a stem cell pool and a cradle for immune cells. This osteoimmune system is based on cooperatively acting bone and immune cells, cohabitating within the bone marrow. They are highly interdependent, a fact that is confounded by shared progenitors, mediators, and signaling pathways. Successful fracture healing requires the participation of all the precursors, immune and bone cells found in the osteoimmune system. Recent evidence demonstrated that changes of the immune cell composition and function may negatively influence bone healing. In this review, first the interplay between different immune cell types and osteoprogenitor cells will be elaborated more closely. The separate paragraphs focus on the specific cell types, starting with the cells of the innate immune response followed by cells of the adaptive immune response, and the complement system as mediator between them. Finally, a brief overview on the challenges of preclinical testing of immune-based therapeutic strategies to support fracture healing will be given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin Institute of Health Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Caren Linnemann
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Helen Rinderknecht
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology (ITI), University Hospital Ulm, Ulm 89091, Germany
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Krauss PL, Pfeiffenberger M, Damerau A, Buttgereit T, Chen Y, Gaber T, Buttgereit F. Production of IL-6 and Phagocytosis Are the Most Resilient Immune Functions in Metabolically Compromised Human Monocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730672. [PMID: 34737742 PMCID: PMC8562108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
At sites of inflammation, monocytes carry out specific immune functions while facing challenging metabolic restrictions. Here, we investigated the potential of human monocytes to adapt to conditions of gradually inhibited oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) under glucose free conditions. We used myxothiazol, an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, to adjust two different levels of decreased mitochondrial ATP production. At these levels, and compared to uninhibited OXPHOS, we assessed phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through NADPH oxidase (NOX), expression of surface activation markers CD16, CD80, CD11b, HLA-DR, and production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in human monocytes. We found phagocytosis and the production of IL-6 to be least sensitive to metabolic restrictions while surface expression of CD11b, HLA-DR, production of TNF-α, IL-1β and production of ROS through NOX were most compromised by inhibition of OXPHOS in the absence of glucose. Our data demonstrate a short-term hierarchy of immune functions in human monocytes, which represents novel knowledge potentially leading to the development of new therapeutics in monocyte-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Krauss
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Pfeiffenberger
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Damerau
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang G, Sun Q, Wang H, Liu H. Identification and characterization of circRNAs in the liver of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104185. [PMID: 34174243 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, play an important role in regulating various biological processes. In the present study, circRNAs from the Megalobrama amblycephala liver were identified at five different time points post Aeromonas hydrophila using RNA-seq technology. A total of 250 circRNAs were identified, of which 106 were differentially expressed (DE) in ten pairwise comparisons. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the parental genes of DE circRNAs were enriched in phagocytosis, complement and coagulation cascades, and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis pathways. According to ceRNA hypothesis, the interaction network of circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs was constructed. Moreover, WGCNA was conducted, and five specific modules significantly related to bacterial infection were identified. All the above results reveal the important role of circRNAs in immune response, which enriches the information of circRNAs in teleost, and helps to understand the immune response mechanism of M. amblycephala to A. hydrophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/ Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qianhui Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/ Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanling Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/ Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/ Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qiu J, Wu B, Goodman SB, Berry GJ, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Metabolic Control of Autoimmunity and Tissue Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652771. [PMID: 33868292 PMCID: PMC8050350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develops in distinct stages, with each phase of disease linked to immune cell dysfunction. HLA class II genes confer the strongest genetic risk to develop RA. They encode for molecules essential in the activation and differentiation of T cells, placing T cells upstream in the immunopathology. In Phase 1 of the RA disease process, T cells lose a fundamental function, their ability to be self-tolerant, and provide help for autoantibody-producing B cells. Phase 2 begins many years later, when mis-differentiated T cells gain tissue-invasive effector functions, enter the joint, promote non-resolving inflammation, and give rise to clinically relevant arthritis. In Phase 3 of the RA disease process, abnormal innate immune functions are added to adaptive autoimmunity, converting synovial inflammation into a tissue-destructive process that erodes cartilage and bone. Emerging data have implicated metabolic mis-regulation as a fundamental pathogenic pathway in all phases of RA. Early in their life cycle, RA T cells fail to repair mitochondrial DNA, resulting in a malfunctioning metabolic machinery. Mitochondrial insufficiency is aggravated by the mis-trafficking of the energy sensor AMPK away from the lysosomal surface. The metabolic signature of RA T cells is characterized by the shunting of glucose toward the pentose phosphate pathway and toward biosynthetic activity. During the intermediate and terminal phase of RA-imposed tissue inflammation, tissue-residing macrophages, T cells, B cells and stromal cells are chronically activated and under high metabolic stress, creating a microenvironment poor in oxygen and glucose, but rich in metabolic intermediates, such as lactate. By sensing tissue lactate, synovial T cells lose their mobility and are trapped in the tissue niche. The linkage of defective DNA repair, misbalanced metabolic pathways, autoimmunity, and tissue inflammation in RA encourages metabolic interference as a novel treatment strategy during both the early stages of tolerance breakdown and the late stages of tissue inflammation. Defining and targeting metabolic abnormalities provides a new paradigm to treat, or even prevent, the cellular defects underlying autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jorg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Inflammatory processes underlie many diseases associated with injury of the heart muscle, including conditions without an obvious inflammatory pathogenic component such as hypertensive and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Persistence of cardiac inflammation can cause irreversible structural and functional deficits. Some are induced by direct damage of the heart muscle by cellular and soluble mediators but also by metabolic adaptations sustained by the inflammatory microenvironment. It is well established that both cardiomyocytes and immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in the site of inflammation, which allow them to deal with decreased availability of nutrients and oxygen. However, like in cancer, competition for nutrients and increased production of signalling metabolites such as lactate initiate a metabolic cross-talk between immune cells and cardiomyocytes which, we propose, might tip the balance between resolution of the inflammation versus adverse cardiac remodeling. Here we review our current understanding of the metabolic reprogramming of both heart tissue and immune cells during inflammation, and we discuss potential key mechanisms by which these metabolic responses intersect and influence each other and ultimately define the prognosis of the inflammatory process in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica M Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dunja Aksentijevic
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, G.E. Fogg Building, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bernhardsson M, Dietrich-Zagonel F, Tätting L, Eliasson P, Aspenberg P. Depletion of cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells impairs implant fixation in rat cancellous bone. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:805-811. [PMID: 30737834 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As cytotoxic (CD8+ ) T cells seem to impair shaft fracture healing, we hypothesized that depletion of CD8+ cells would instead improve healing of cancellous bone. Additionally, we also tested if CD8-depletion would influence the healing of ruptured Achilles tendons. Rats received a single injection of either anti-CD8 antibodies or saline and put through surgery 24 h later. Three different surgical interventions were performed as follows: (1) a drill hole in the proximal tibia with microCT (BV/TV) to assess bone formation; (2) a screw in the proximal tibia with mechanical evaluation (pull-out force) to assess fracture healing; (3) Achilles tendon transection with mechanical evaluation (force-at-failure) to assess tendon healing. Furthermore, CD8-depletion was confirmed with flow cytometry on peripheral blood. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed depletion of CD8+ cells (p < 0.001). Contrary to our hypothesis, depletion of CD8+ cells reduced the implant pull-out force by 19% (p < 0.05) and stiffness by 34% (p < 0.01), although the bone formation in the drill holes was the same as in the controls. Tendon healing was unaffected by CD8-depletion. Our results suggest that CD8+ cells have an important part in cancellous bone healing. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bernhardsson
- Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Franciele Dietrich-Zagonel
- Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Love Tätting
- Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Eliasson
- Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Aspenberg
- Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) and Genes of Related Pathways in Altered Gravity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020436. [PMID: 30669540 PMCID: PMC6358763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system deterioration in space represents a major risk, which has to be mitigated for exploration-class missions into the solar system. Altered gravitational forces have been shown to regulate adaptation processes in cells of the immune system, which are important for appropriate risk management, monitoring and development of countermeasures. T lymphocytes and cells of the monocyte-macrophage system are highly migratory cell types that frequently encounter a wide range of oxygen tensions in human tissues and in hypoxic areas, even under homeostatic conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and 2 (HIF's) might have an important role in activation of T cells and cells of the monocyte-macrophages system. Thus, we investigated the regulation of HIF-dependent and, therefore, hypoxia-signaling systems in both cell types in altered gravity and performed transcript and protein analysis from parabolic flight and suborbital ballistic rocket experiments. We found that HIF-1α and HIF-1-dependent transcripts were differently regulated in altered gravity, whereas HIF-1α-dependent gene expression adapted after 5 min microgravity. Inter-platform comparisons identified PDK1 as highly responsive to gravitational changes in human U937 myelomonocytic cells and in Jurkat T cells. We suggest HIF-1 as a potential pharmacological target for counteracting immune system deterioration during space flight.
Collapse
|
11
|
Parodi M, Raggi F, Cangelosi D, Manzini C, Balsamo M, Blengio F, Eva A, Varesio L, Pietra G, Moretta L, Mingari MC, Vitale M, Bosco MC. Hypoxia Modifies the Transcriptome of Human NK Cells, Modulates Their Immunoregulatory Profile, and Influences NK Cell Subset Migration. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2358. [PMID: 30459756 PMCID: PMC6232835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, which characterizes most tumor tissues, can alter the function of different immune cell types, favoring tumor escape mechanisms. In this study, we show that hypoxia profoundly acts on NK cells by influencing their transcriptome, affecting their immunoregulatory functions, and changing the chemotactic responses of different NK cell subsets. Exposure of human peripheral blood NK cells to hypoxia for 16 or 96 h caused significant changes in the expression of 729 or 1,100 genes, respectively. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated that these changes followed a consensus hypoxia transcriptional profile. As assessed by Gene Ontology annotation, hypoxia-targeted genes were implicated in several biological processes: metabolism, cell cycle, differentiation, apoptosis, cell stress, and cytoskeleton organization. The hypoxic transcriptome also showed changes in genes with immunological relevance including those coding for proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine-receptors. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed the modulation of several immune-related genes, prompting further immunophenotypic and functional studies. Multiplex ELISA demonstrated that hypoxia could variably reduce NK cell ability to release IFNγ, TNFα, GM-CSF, CCL3, and CCL5 following PMA+Ionomycin or IL15+IL18 stimulation, while it poorly affected the response to IL12+IL18. Cytofluorimetric analysis showed that hypoxia could influence NK chemokine receptor pattern by sustaining the expression of CCR7 and CXCR4. Remarkably, this effect occurred selectively (CCR7) or preferentially (CXCR4) on CD56bright NK cells, which indeed showed higher chemotaxis to CCL19, CCL21, or CXCL12. Collectively, our data suggest that the hypoxic environment may profoundly influence the nature of the NK cell infiltrate and its effects on immune-mediated responses within tumor tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Parodi
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Raggi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Manzini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia Clinica e Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Mirna Balsamo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabiola Blengio
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambin Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy.,Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Vitale
- UOC Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schlundt C, Bucher CH, Tsitsilonis S, Schell H, Duda GN, Schmidt-Bleek K. Clinical and Research Approaches to Treat Non-union Fracture. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018. [PMID: 29536393 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Impaired healing outcomes or even non-unions after bone injury are still a highly relevant problem in the daily clinical life. Especially within an aging population, the occurrence of bone fractures increases and thus novel treatment approaches to overcome compromised bone regeneration are needed. RECENT FINDINGS The gold standard to treat delayed or non-healing bone injuries is still the use of autologous bone grafts to foster regeneration. Besides its successful treatment outcome, it also has disadvantages: a second surgery is needed in order to harvest the bone material and the material is highly limited. Looking into the recent literature, a multitude of different research approaches were already conducted to identify new possible strategies to treat impaired bone regeneration: application of mesenchymal stromal cells, platelet lysates, growth factors, interference in the immune system, or bone formation stimulation by ultrasound. This review gives an overview of the treatment approaches actually performed in the clinic as well as at the bench in the context of compromised bone healing. It clearly highlights the complexity of the nature of non-healing bone fractures as well as patient-dependent factors influencing the healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schlundt
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Bucher
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Schell
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schell H, Duda GN, Peters A, Tsitsilonis S, Johnson KA, Schmidt-Bleek K. The haematoma and its role in bone healing. J Exp Orthop 2017; 4:5. [PMID: 28176273 PMCID: PMC5296258 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture treatment is an old endeavour intended to promote bone healing and to also enable early loading and regain of function in the injured limb. However, in today's clinical routine the healing potential of the initial fracture haematoma is still not fully recognized. The Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) formed in Switzerland in 1956 formulated four AO principles of fracture treatment which are still valid today. Fracture treatment strategies have continued to evolve further, as for example the relatively new concept of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO). This MIPO treatment strategy harbours the benefit of an undisturbed original fracture haematoma that supports the healing process. The extent of the supportive effect of this haematoma for the bone healing process has not been considered in clinical practice so far. The rising importance of osteoimmunological aspects in bone healing supports the essential role of the initial haematoma as a source for inflammatory cells that release the cytokine pattern that directs cell recruitment towards the injured tissue. In reviewing the potential benefits of the fracture haematoma, the early development of angiogenic and osteogenic potentials within the haematoma are striking. Removing the haematoma during surgery could negatively influence the fracture healing process. In an ovine open tibial fracture model the haematoma was removed 4 or 7 days after injury and the bone that formed during the first two weeks of healing was significantly reduced in comparison with an undisturbed control. These findings indicate that whenever possible the original haematoma formed upon injury should be conserved during clinical fracture treatment to benefit from the inherent healing potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Schell
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - G N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Peters
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Tsitsilonis
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K A Johnson
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Volchenkov R, Nygaard V, Sener Z, Skålhegg BS. Th17 Polarization under Hypoxia Results in Increased IL-10 Production in a Pathogen-Independent Manner. Front Immunol 2017; 8:698. [PMID: 28674533 PMCID: PMC5474482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-17-producing CD4+ T helper cell (Th17) differentiation is affected by stimulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway and by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). In some cases, Th17 become non-pathogenic and produce IL-10. However, the initiating events triggering this phenotype are yet to be fully understood. Here, we show that such cells may be differentiated at low oxygen and regardless of AhR ligand treatment such as cigarette smoke extract. Hypoxia led to marked alterations of the transcriptome of IL-10-producing Th17 cells affecting genes involved in metabolic, anti-apoptotic, cell cycle, and T cell functional pathways. Moreover, we show that oxygen regulates the expression of CD52, which is a cell surface protein that has been shown to suppress the activation of other T cells upon release. Taken together, these findings suggest a novel ability for Th17 cells to regulate immune responses in vivo in an oxygen-dependent fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Volchenkov
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vegard Nygaard
- Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital HF - Radiumhospitalet, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zeynep Sener
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Steen Skålhegg
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
El Khassawna T, Serra A, Bucher CH, Petersen A, Schlundt C, Könnecke I, Malhan D, Wendler S, Schell H, Volk HD, Schmidt-Bleek K, Duda GN. T Lymphocytes Influence the Mineralization Process of Bone. Front Immunol 2017; 8:562. [PMID: 28596766 PMCID: PMC5442173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a unique organ able to regenerate itself after injuries. This regeneration requires the local interplay between different biological systems such as inflammation and matrix formation. Structural reconstitution is initiated by an inflammatory response orchestrated by the host immune system. However, the individual role of T cells and B cells in regeneration and their relationship to bone tissue reconstitution remain unknown. Comparing bone and fracture healing in animals with and without mature T and B cells revealed the essential role of these immune cells in determining the tissue mineralization and thus the bone quality. Bone without mature T and B cells is stiffer when compared to wild-type bone thus lacking the elasticity that helps to absorb forces, thus preventing fractures. In-depth analysis showed dysregulations in collagen deposition and osteoblast distribution upon lack of mature T and B cells. These changes in matrix deposition have been correlated with T cells rather than B cells within this study. This work presents, for the first time, a direct link between immune cells and matrix formation during bone healing after fracture. It illustrates specifically the role of T cells in the collagen organization process and the lack thereof in the absence of T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaqif El Khassawna
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Christian H Bucher
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Schlundt
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ireen Könnecke
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Deeksha Malhan
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wendler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Schell
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Feldhoff LM, Rueda CM, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Sauer J, Jackson CM, Chougnet CA, Rupp J. IL-1β induced HIF-1α inhibits the differentiation of human FOXP3 + T cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:465. [PMID: 28352109 PMCID: PMC5428734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of regulatory Treg (Treg) in the periphery is critical to control inflammatory processes. Although polarization of inducible Treg (iTreg) often occurs in an inflammatory environment, the effects exerted by inflammation on human iTreg differentiation have not been extensively studied. We observed that IL-1β significantly reduced the frequency of FOXP3+ T cells under iTreg-polarizing conditions. Mechanistically, we show that IL-1β activated mTORC1 and downstream upregulated hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) expression. Using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that both steps were critical in the deleterious effect of IL-1β on Treg differentiation. Chemical stabilization of HIF-1α by Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) also significantly impaired iTreg differentiation. Interestingly, while IL-1β-treated cells exhibited only minor changes in metabolism, DMOG treatment decreased iTreg mitochondrial respiration and increased their glycolytic capacity. In conclusion, exposure to inflammatory stimuli profoundly inhibits human Treg differentiation HIF-1α dependent, suggesting that targeting HIF-1α could be a strategy to foster iTreg differentiation in an inflammatory milieu. However, IL-1β deleterious effect does not appear to be completely driven by metabolic changes. These data thus suggest that several mechanisms contribute to the regulation of iTreg differentiation, but the timing and respective requirement for each pathway vary depending on the milieu in which iTreg differentiate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea M Feldhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cesar M Rueda
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Johanna Sauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Courtney M Jackson
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Claire A Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction and synovial invasiveness in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:385-97. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
18
|
Jutley GS, Young SP. Metabolomics to identify biomarkers and as a predictive tool in inflammatory diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2016; 29:770-82. [PMID: 27107512 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is an overwhelming need for a simple, reliable tool that aids clinicians in diagnosing, assessing disease activity and treating rheumatic conditions. Identification of biomarkers in partially understood inflammatory disorders has long been sought after as the Holy Grail of Rheumatology. Given the complex nature of inflammatory conditions, it has been difficult to earmark the potential biomarkers. Metabolomics, however, is promising in providing new insights into inflammatory conditions and also identifying such biomarkers. Metabolomic studies have generally revealed increased energy requirements for by-products of a hypoxic environment, leading to a characteristic metabolic fingerprint. Here, we discuss the significance of such studies and their potential as a biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh Jutley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Stephen P Young
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zenk SF, Vollmer M, Schercher E, Kallert S, Kubis J, Stenger S. Hypoxia promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific up-regulation of granulysin in human T cells. Med Microbiol Immunol 2015; 205:219-29. [PMID: 26613797 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen tension affects local immune responses in inflammation and infection. In tuberculosis mycobacteria avoid hypoxic areas and preferentially persist and reactivate in the oxygen-rich apex of the lung. Oxygen restriction activates antimicrobial effector mechanisms in macrophages and restricts growth of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.Tb). The effect of oxygen restriction on T cell-mediated antimicrobial effector mechanisms is unknown. Therefore we determined the influence of hypoxia on the expression of granulysin, an antimicrobial peptide of lymphocytes. Hypoxia increased the antigen-specific up-regulation of granulysin mRNA and protein in human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. This observation was functionally relevant, because oxygen restriction supported the growth-limiting effect of antigen-specific T cells against virulent M.Tb residing in primary human macrophages. Our results provide evidence that oxygen restriction promotes the expression of granulysin and suggest that this effect-in conjunction with additional T cell-mediated immune responses-supports protection against mycobacteria. The therapeutic modulation of oxygen availability may offer a new strategy for the host-directed therapy of infectious diseases with intracellular pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Zenk
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Vollmer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Esra Schercher
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kallert
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kubis
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schmidt-Bleek K, Kwee BJ, Mooney DJ, Duda GN. Boon and Bane of Inflammation in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Its Link with Angiogenesis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:354-64. [PMID: 25742724 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Delayed healing or nonhealing of bone is an important clinical concern. Although bone, one of the two tissues with scar-free healing capacity, heals in most cases, healing is delayed in more than 10% of clinical cases. Treatment of such delayed healing condition is often painful, risky, time consuming, and expensive. Tissue healing is a multistage regenerative process involving complex and well-orchestrated steps, which are initiated in response to injury. At best, these steps lead to scar-free tissue formation. At the onset of healing, during the inflammatory phase, stationary and attracted macrophages and other immune cells at the fracture site release cytokines in response to injury. This initial reaction to injury is followed by the recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells, synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, angiogenesis, and finally tissue remodeling. Failure to heal is often associated with poor revascularization. Since blood vessels mediate the transport of circulating cells, oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, they appear essential for successful healing. The strategy of endogenous regeneration in a tissue such as bone is interesting to analyze since it may represent a blueprint of successful tissue formation. This review highlights the interdependency of the time cascades of inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. A better understanding of these inter-relations is mandatory to early identify patients at risk as well as to overcome critical clinical conditions that limit healing. Instead of purely tolerating the inflammatory phase, modulations of inflammation (immunomodulation) might represent a valid therapeutic strategy to enhance angiogenesis and foster later phases of tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- 1 Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany .,2 Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian J Kwee
- 3 The Mooney Lab: Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Harvard-School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David J Mooney
- 3 The Mooney Lab: Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Harvard-School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Georg N Duda
- 1 Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany .,2 Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gaber T, Strehl C, Sawitzki B, Hoff P, Buttgereit F. Cellular energy metabolism in T-lymphocytes. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 34:34-49. [PMID: 25259409 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2014.956358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is a hallmark of cell survival and maintenance of cell function. Here we focus on the impact of cellular energy metabolism on T-lymphocyte differentiation, activation, and function in health and disease. We describe the role of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of lymphocyte metabolism on immune functions of T cells. We also summarize the current knowledge about T-lymphocyte adaptations to inflammation and hypoxia, and the impact on T-cell behavior of pathophysiological hypoxia (as found in tumor tissue, chronically inflamed joints in rheumatoid arthritis and during bone regeneration). A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that control immune cell metabolism and immune response may provide therapeutic opportunities to alter the immune response under conditions of either immunosuppression or inflammation, potentially targeting infections, vaccine response, tumor surveillance, autoimmunity, and inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gaber
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Strehl C, Fangradt M, Fearon U, Gaber T, Buttgereit F, Veale DJ. Hypoxia: how does the monocyte-macrophage system respond to changes in oxygen availability? J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:233-41. [PMID: 24168857 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1212627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important feature of inflamed tissue, such as the RA joint. Activated monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RA, implicated in the mechanism of inflammation and erosion. During development, myeloid progenitor cells sequentially give rise to monoblasts, promonocytes, and monocytes that are released from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. After extravasation, monocytes differentiate into long-lived, tissue-specific macrophages or DCs. The effect of different oxygen concentrations experienced by these cells during maturation represents a novel aspect of this developmental process. In inflamed joint tissue, the microvascular architecture is highly dysregulated; thus, efficiency of oxygen supply to the synovium is poor. Therefore, invading cells must adapt instantaneously to changes in the oxygen level of the microenvironment. Angiogenesis is an early event in the inflammatory joint, which is important in enabling activated monocytes to enter via endothelial cells by active recruitment to expand the synovium into a "pannus", resulting in cartilage degradation and bone destruction. The increased metabolic turnover of the expanding synovial pannus outpaces the dysfunctional vascular supply, resulting in hypoxia. The abnormal bioenergetics of the microenvironment further promotes synovial cell invasiveness. In RA, joint hypoxia represents a potential threat to cell function and survival. Notably, oxygen availability is a crucial parameter in the cellular energy metabolism, itself an important factor in determining the function of immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Strehl
- 2.Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
McNamee EN, Korns Johnson D, Homann D, Clambey ET. Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors as regulators of T cell development, differentiation, and function. Immunol Res 2013; 55:58-70. [PMID: 22961658 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is a molecule that is central to cellular respiration and viability, yet there are multiple physiologic and pathological contexts in which cells experience conditions of insufficient oxygen availability, a state known as hypoxia. Given the metabolic challenges of a low oxygen environment, hypoxia elicits a range of adaptive responses at the cellular, tissue, and systemic level to promote continued survival and function. Within this context, T lymphocytes are a highly migratory cell type of the adaptive immune system that frequently encounters a wide range of oxygen tensions in both health and disease. It is now clear that oxygen availability regulates T cell differentiation and function, a response orchestrated in large part by the hypoxia-inducible factor transcription factors. Here, we discuss the physiologic scope of hypoxia and hypoxic signaling, the contribution of these pathways in regulating T cell biology, and current gaps in our understanding. Finally, we discuss how emerging therapies that modulate the hypoxic response may offer new modalities to alter T cell function and the outcome of acute and chronic pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eóin N McNamee
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fitzpatrick M, Young SP. Metabolomics--a novel window into inflammatory disease. Swiss Med Wkly 2013; 143:w13743. [PMID: 23348753 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2013.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important component of normal responses to infection and injury. However, chronic activation of the immune system, due to aberrant responses to normal stimuli, can lead to the establishment of a persistent inflammatory state. Such inflammatory conditions are often debilitating, and are associated with a number of important co-morbidities including cardiovascular disease. Resting non-proliferative tissues have distinctive metabolic activities and requirements, which differ considerably from those in infiltrating immune cells, which are undergoing proliferation and differentiation. Immune responses in tissues may therefore be modulated by the relative abundance of substrates in the inflamed site. In turn immune cell activity can feed back and affect metabolic behaviour of the tissues, as most clearly demonstrated in cachexia - the loss of cellular mass driven by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) a key mediator of the inflammatory response. Here we discuss the potential for metabolomic analysis to clarify the interactions between inflammation and metabolic changes underlying many diseases. We suggest that an increased understanding of the interaction between inflammation and cellular metabolism, energy substrate use, tissue breakdown markers, the microbiome and drug metabolites, may provide novel insight into the regulation of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fitzpatrick
- Rheumatology Research Group, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tsai YP, Wu KJ. Hypoxia-regulated target genes implicated in tumor metastasis. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:102. [PMID: 23241400 PMCID: PMC3541338 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important microenvironmental factor that induces cancer metastasis. Hypoxia/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) regulates many important steps of the metastatic processes, especially epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is one of the crucial mechanisms to cause early stage of tumor metastasis. To have a better understanding of the mechanism of hypoxia-regulated metastasis, various hypoxia/HIF-1α-regulated target genes are categorized into different classes including transcription factors, histone modifiers, enzymes, receptors, kinases, small GTPases, transporters, adhesion molecules, surface molecules, membrane proteins, and microRNAs. Different roles of these target genes are described with regards to their relationship to hypoxia-induced metastasis. We hope that this review will provide a framework for further exploration of hypoxia/HIF-1α-regulated target genes and a comprehensive view of the metastatic picture induced by hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Li-Nong St., Sec.2, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Juey Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Li-Nong St., Sec.2, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Li-Nong St., Sec.2, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wagegg M, Gaber T, Lohanatha FL, Hahne M, Strehl C, Fangradt M, Tran CL, Schönbeck K, Hoff P, Ode A, Perka C, Duda GN, Buttgereit F. Hypoxia promotes osteogenesis but suppresses adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 dependent manner. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46483. [PMID: 23029528 PMCID: PMC3459928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone fracture initiates a series of cellular and molecular events including the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1. HIF-1 is known to facilitate recruitment and differentiation of multipotent human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC). Therefore, we analyzed the impact of hypoxia and HIF-1 on the competitive differentiation potential of hMSCs towards adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Bone marrow derived primary hMSCs cultured for 2 weeks either under normoxic (app. 18% O(2)) or hypoxic (less than 2% O(2)) conditions were analyzed for the expression of MSC surface markers and for expression of the genes HIF1A, VEGFA, LDHA, PGK1, and GLUT1. Using conditioned medium, adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation as verified by Oil-Red-O or von-Kossa staining was induced in hMSCs under either normoxic or hypoxic conditions. The expression of HIF1A and VEGFA was measured by qPCR. A knockdown of HIF-1α by lentiviral transduction was performed, and the ability of the transduced hMSCs to differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages was analyzed. Hypoxia induced HIF-1α and HIF-1 target gene expression, but did not alter MSC phenotype or surface marker expression. Hypoxia (i) suppressed adipogenesis and associated HIF1A and PPARG gene expression in hMSCs and (ii) enhanced osteogenesis and associated HIF1A and RUNX2 gene expression. shRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α enhanced adipogenesis under both normoxia and hypoxia, and suppressed hypoxia-induced osteogenesis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Hypoxia promotes osteogenesis but suppresses adipogenesis of human MSCs in a competitive and HIF-1-dependent manner. We therefore conclude that the effects of hypoxia are crucial for effective bone healing, which may potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wagegg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ferenz L. Lohanatha
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Hahne
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindy Strehl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monique Fangradt
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cam Loan Tran
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schönbeck
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Hoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Ode
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Orthopaedic Departments, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- German Arthritis Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fangradt M, Hahne M, Gaber T, Strehl C, Rauch R, Hoff P, Löhning M, Burmester GR, Buttgereit F. Human monocytes and macrophages differ in their mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R181. [PMID: 22870988 PMCID: PMC3580576 DOI: 10.1186/ar4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory arthritis is a progressive disease with chronic inflammation of joints, which is mainly characterized by the infiltration of immune cells and synovial hyperproliferation. Monocytes migrate towards inflamed areas and differentiate into macrophages. In inflamed tissues, much lower oxygen levels (hypoxia) are present in comparison to the peripheral blood. Hence, a metabolic adaptation process must take place. Other studies suggest that Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) may regulate this process, but the mechanism involved for human monocytes is not yet clear. To address this issue, we analyzed the expression and function of HIF-1α in monocytes and macrophages, but also considered alternative pathways involving nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NFκB). Methods Isolated human CD14+ monocytes were incubated under normoxia and hypoxia conditions with or without phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation, respectively. Nuclear and cytosolic fractions were prepared in order to detect HIF-1α and NFκB by immunoblot. For the experiments with macrophages, primary human monocytes were differentiated into human monocyte derived macrophages (hMDM) using human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hM-CSF). The effects of normoxia and hypoxia on gene expression were compared between monocytes and hMDMs using quantitative PCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Results We demonstrate, using primary human monocytes and hMDM, that the localization of transcription factor HIF-1α during the differentiation process is shifted from the cytosol (in monocytes) into the nucleus (in macrophages), apparently as an adaptation to a low oxygen environment. For this localization change, protein kinase C alpha/beta 1 (PKC-α/β1 ) plays an important role. In monocytes, it is NFκB1, and not HIF-1α, which is of central importance for the expression of hypoxia-adjusted genes. Conclusions These data demonstrate that during differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, crucial cellular adaptation mechanisms are decisively changed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Weigand JE, Boeckel JN, Gellert P, Dimmeler S. Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42697. [PMID: 22876330 PMCID: PMC3411717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adaptation to low oxygen by changing gene expression is vitally important for cell survival and tissue development. The sprouting of new blood vessels, initiated from endothelial cells, restores the oxygen supply of ischemic tissues. In contrast to the transcriptional response induced by hypoxia, which is mainly mediated by members of the HIF family, there are only few studies investigating alternative splicing events. Therefore, we performed an exon array for the genome-wide analysis of hypoxia-related changes of alternative splicing in endothelial cells. Methodology/Principal findings Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated under hypoxic conditions (1% O2) for 48 h. Genome-wide transcript and exon expression levels were assessed using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST Array. We found altered expression of 294 genes after hypoxia treatment. Upregulated genes are highly enriched in glucose metabolism and angiogenesis related processes, whereas downregulated genes are mainly connected to cell cycle and DNA repair. Thus, gene expression patterns recapitulate known adaptations to low oxygen supply. Alternative splicing events, until now not related to hypoxia, are shown for nine genes: six which are implicated in angiogenesis-mediated cytoskeleton remodeling (cask, itsn1, larp6, sptan1, tpm1 and robo1); one, which is involved in the synthesis of membrane-anchors (pign) and two universal regulators of gene expression (cugbp1 and max). Conclusions/Significance For the first time, this study investigates changes in splicing in the physiological response to hypoxia on a genome-wide scale. Nine alternative splicing events, until now not related to hypoxia, are reported, considerably expanding the information on splicing changes due to low oxygen supply. Therefore, this study provides further knowledge on hypoxia induced gene expression changes and presents new starting points to study the hypoxia adaptation of endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Weigand
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mosqueira M, Willmann G, Zeiger U, Khurana TS. Expression profiling reveals novel hypoxic biomarkers in peripheral blood of adult mice exposed to chronic hypoxia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37497. [PMID: 22629407 PMCID: PMC3358260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induces a myriad of changes including an increase in hematocrit due to erythropoietin (EPO) mediated erythropoiesis. While hypoxia is of importance physiologically and clinically, lacunae exist in our knowledge of the systemic and temporal changes in gene expression occurring in blood during the exposure and recovery from hypoxia. To identify these changes expression profiling was conducted on blood obtained from cohorts of C57Bl-10 wild type mice that were maintained at normoxia (NX), exposed for two weeks to normobaric chronic hypoxia (CH) or two weeks of CH followed by two weeks of normoxic recovery (REC). Using stringent bioinformatic cut-offs (0% FDR, 2 fold change cut-off), 230 genes were identified and separated into four distinct temporal categories. Class I) contained 1 transcript up-regulated in both CH and REC; Class II) contained 202 transcripts up-regulated in CH but down-regulated after REC; Class III) contained 9 transcripts down-regulated both in CH and REC; Class IV) contained 18 transcripts down-regulated after CH exposure but up-regulated after REC. Profiling was independently validated and extended by analyzing expression levels of selected genes as novel biomarkers from our profile (e.g. spectrin alpha-1, ubiquitin domain family-1 and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase-1) by performing qPCR at 7 different time points during CH and REC. Our identification and characterization of these genes define transcriptome level changes occurring during chronic hypoxia and normoxic recovery as well as novel blood biomarkers that may be useful in monitoring a variety of physiological and pathological conditions associated with hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Mosqueira
- Department of Physiology and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Body mass index and the development of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in adults with congenital heart disease--a cohort study. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:821-6. [PMID: 22386642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is a recognized complication of amiodarone treatment with limited management options. Its predisposing factors are incompletely defined yet a higher prevalence was reported in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). Therefore we sought to determine the incidence and risk factors for AIT in adults with CHD. METHODS At a tertiary care center we followed a historical cohort of amiodarone-treated CHD patients for the period 1987-2009. Follow-up concluded at AIT diagnosis or with last thyroid assessment on amiodarone. Cumulative incidence of AIT was calculated. AIT association with nutritional status was hypothesized a priori. RESULTS AIT developed in 23/169 patients or 13.6%. The AIT incidence peaked in the 3rd year at 7.7%. AIT patients had a lower body mass index (BMI) at AMIO initiation compared with the rest of the cohort (mean ± standard deviation: 21.9 ± 2.9 vs. 25.1 ± 5.0; p<0.001). Patients with BMI<21 were more likely to develop thyrotoxicosis (RR=6.1) compared to those with BMI>25 (p<0.001). Presence of goiter was strongly associated with AIT (RR 3.6, p=0.002). Affected patients had a trend for higher cyanotic heart disease prevalence (34.8% vs. 17.8%, p=0.059). On multivariate analysis body mass index and goiter remained independent predictors of outcome. CONCLUSIONS BMI<21 at initiation of amiodarone therapy and presence of goiter are strong predictors of AIT in this population. Its incidence is time dependent. These predictors can be used clinically in assessing overall impact of amiodarone therapy in congenital heart disease patients.
Collapse
|
31
|
A risk prediction index for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in adults with congenital heart disease. J Thyroid Res 2012; 2012:210529. [PMID: 22518347 PMCID: PMC3306911 DOI: 10.1155/2012/210529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amiodarone therapy in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with a significant risk of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT). We developed a risk index to identify those patients being considered for amiodarone treatment who are at high risk for AIT. We reviewed the health records of adults with CHD and assessed the association between potential clinical predictors and AIT. Significant predictors were included in multivariate analyses. The parameter estimates from multivariate analysis were subsequently used to develop a risk index. 169 adults met eligibility criteria and 23 developed AIT. The final model included age, cyanotic heart disease and BMI. The risk index developed identified 3 categories of risk. Their AIT likelihood ratios were: 0.37 for low risk (95% CI 0.15–0.92); 1.12 for medium risk (95% CI 0.65–1.91); and 3.47 for high risk (95% CI 1.7–7.11). The AIT predicted risk in our population was 5% for the low risk group, 15% for the medium risk group and 47% for the high risk group. Conclusions. We derived the first model to quantify the risk for developing AIT among adults with CHD. Before using it clinically to help selecting among alternative antiarrhythmic options, it needs validation in an independent population.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hoff P, Gaber T, Schmidt-Bleek K, Sentürk U, Tran CL, Blankenstein K, Lütkecosmann S, Bredahl J, Schüler HJ, Simon P, Wassilew G, Unterhauser F, Burmester GR, Schmidmaier G, Perka C, Duda GN, Buttgereit F. Immunologically restricted patients exhibit a pronounced inflammation and inadequate response to hypoxia in fracture hematomas. Immunol Res 2012; 51:116-22. [PMID: 21720875 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-011-8235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
For patients who are known to have an impaired immune system, bone healing is often impaired. Therefore, it has been suggested that an effectively functioning immune system will have an influence on the quality of bone healing. Here, we demonstrate that cells within the fracture hematoma of immunologically restricted patients (1) exhibit a disturbed osteogenic differentiation (normal SPP1 but diminished RUNX2 expression), (2) show a strong inflammatory reaction (high IL8 and CXCR4), and (3) react on local hypoxia (high expression of HIF1A) but with inadequate target gene responses (diminished LDHA and PGK1 expression). Thus, it is already within the early inflammatory phase of fracture healing that the local gene expression in fracture hematomas of immunologically restricted patients points toward a critical regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Hoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND An effective immune system, especially during the inflammatory phase, putatively influences the quality and likelihood of bone healing. If and how this is reflected within the initial fracture hematoma is unclear. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We therefore asked the following questions: (1) Does the local expression in fracture hematoma of genes involved in adaptation to hypoxia, migration, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis vary as compared to the peripheral blood? (2) Do these changes occur time dependently? (3) Is the gene expression during fracture hematoma formation altered by irradiation? METHODS Cells from fracture hematoma of 20 patients and hematomas formed in 40 patients after THA (20 without and 20 with preoperative radiation) were isolated and RNA was extracted to analyze the influence of oxygen deprivation during fracture healing on mRNA expression of genes (HIF1A, LDHA, and PGK1) involved in immunoregulation (IL6, IL8, CXCR4), angiogenesis (VEGF, IL8), and osteogenesis (SPP1, RUNX2) by quantitative PCR. RESULTS We observed locally increased LDHA gene expression in fracture hematoma cells (6-72 h post fracture) reflecting the adaptation to hypoxia. IL6, IL8, and VEGF upregulation indicated hypoxia-mediated inflammation and angiogenesis; increased CXCR4 expression reflected immigration of immune cells. Osteogenic differentiation was reflected in the increased expression of the SPP1 and RUNX2 genes. The increased expression of the LDHA, VEGF, IL8, SPP1 and RUNX2 genes occurred time dependently. Irradiation suppressed HIF1A, IL6, IL8, CXCR4, and RUNX2 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest cells in the fracture hematoma (1) adapt to hypoxia and (2) promote inflammation in fracture healing at the mRNA level, indicating early involvement of the immune system. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The initial fracture hematoma is important for the onset of angiogenesis, chemotaxis, and osteogenesis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Gaber T, Schellmann S, Erekul KB, Fangradt M, Tykwinska K, Hahne M, Maschmeyer P, Wagegg M, Stahn C, Kolar P, Dziurla R, Löhning M, Burmester GR, Buttgereit F. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Counterregulates Dexamethasone-Mediated Suppression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Function and Differentially Influences Human CD4+ T Cell Proliferation under Hypoxia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 186:764-74. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|