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Plewa-Tutaj K, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Soszczyńska E. Analysis of Mycotoxins and Cytotoxicity of Airborne Molds Isolated from the Zoological Garden-Screening Research. Pathogens 2024; 13:294. [PMID: 38668249 PMCID: PMC11053870 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper was to assess the airborne mold contamination, secondary metabolite profiles, and cytotoxicity of the dominant fungal species isolated from the air in selected rooms at a Zoological Garden. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fungal concentrations were measured with MAS-100 air samplers. The collected airborne fungi were identified using a combination of morphological and molecular methods. The cytotoxicity of 84 strains belonging to two Penicillium and Aspergillus genera was determined using the quantitative colorimetric MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium salt) assay. The mycotoxins were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a mass spectrometry detector. RESULTS The ITS gene was amplified and sequenced to identify the 132 species. For mycotoxicological and cytotoxicity analyses, 52 Penicillium isolates and 32 Aspergillus representatives were selected. Cytotoxicity was confirmed in 97.6% of cases analyzed. Using the LC-MS/MS method, 42 out of 84 strains produced at least one of the following toxins: ochratoxin A, ochratoxin B, patulin, gliotoxin, roquefortine C, griseofulvin, sterigmatocystin, fumonisin B2, moniliformin, and mycophenolic acid. CONCLUSIONS Analytical methods for assessing the presence of mycotoxins in fungal isolates collected directly from the air have proven to be an effective tool. Our research provides new information on the occurrence of potentially toxin-producing molds within a zoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Plewa-Tutaj
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Acaroentomology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (R.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (R.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Ewelina Soszczyńska
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (R.K.); (E.S.)
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Gomes B, Dias M, Cervantes R, Pena P, Santos J, Vasconcelos Pinto M, Viegas C. One Health Approach to Tackle Microbial Contamination on Poultries-A Systematic Review. TOXICS 2023; 11:374. [PMID: 37112601 PMCID: PMC10142658 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the search of available data published regarding microbial occupational exposure assessment in poultries, following the PRISMA methodology. Air collection through filtration was the most frequently used. The most commonly used passive sampling method was material collection such as dust, cages, soils, sediment, and wastewater. Regarding assays applied, the majority of studies comprised culture-based methods, but molecular tools were also frequently used. Screening for antimicrobial susceptibility was performed only for bacteria; cytotoxicity, virological and serological assays were also performed. Most of the selected studies focused on bacteria, although fungi, endotoxins, and β-glucans were also assessed. The only study concerning fungi and mycotoxins reported the carcinogenic mycotoxin AFB1. This study gives a comprehensive overview of microbial contamination in the poultry industry, emphasizing this setting as a potential reservoir of microbial pathogens threatening human, animal, and environmental health. Additionally, this research helps to provide a sampling and analysis protocol proposal to evaluate the microbiological contamination in these facilities. Few articles were found reporting fungal contamination in poultry farms worldwide. In addition, information concerning fungal resistance profile and mycotoxin contamination remain scarce. Overall, a One Health approach should be incorporated in exposure assessments and the knowledge gaps identified in this paper should be addressed in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Gomes
- CE3C—Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Change, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Dias
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Renata Cervantes
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pena
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- CISAS—Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Marta Vasconcelos Pinto
- CISAS—Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Coimbra, Rua 5 de Outubro, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Viegas
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL—Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, CHRC, NOVA University Lisbon, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
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Franco LT, Oliveira CAF. Assessment of occupational and dietary exposures of feed handling workers to mycotoxins in rural areas from São Paulo, Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155763. [PMID: 35561905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the occupational and dietary exposures of feed handling workers (N = 28) to aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), toxins T-2 and HT-2 were assessed for the first time in animal-producing farms and feed factories from São Paulo, Brazil. Mycotoxins in food (n = 244) and airborne dust (n = 27), as well as biomarkers in urine (n = 97) samples were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. FBs were detected in all airborne dust samples, with concentrations ranging from 7.85 to 16,839 ng/m3. The mean probable daily intake (PDI) based on food data were 0.005, 0.769, 0.673 and 0.012 μg/kg of body weight (bw)/day for AFs, FBs, DON and ZEN, respectively. Mean PDI values obtained through urinary biomarkers were 0.29, 0.10, 0.50, 9.72 and 0.10 μg/kg body weight/day for AFB1, DON, OTA, FB1 and ZEN, respectively. The analyses based on urinary biomarkers revealed a potential health concern for OTA and FBs, although no potential health concern was observed with PDI calculated through food data. Results of this trial stress the need for preventive measures to avoid health risks of workers in Brazilian animal-producing farms and feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa T Franco
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A F Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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Human Biomonitoring of Selected Hazardous Compounds in Portugal: Part II—Lessons Learned on Mycotoxins. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010130. [PMID: 35011364 PMCID: PMC8747060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human biomonitoring (HBM) data provide information on total exposure regardless of the route and sources of exposure. HBM studies have been applied to quantify human exposure to contaminants and environmental/occupational pollutants by means of determining the parent compounds, their metabolites, or even their reaction products in biological matrices. HBM studies performed among the Portuguese population are dispersed and limited. Thus, to overcome this knowledge gap, this work reviews the published Portuguese HBM information concerning mycotoxins detected in the urine, serum, milk, hair, and nails of different groups of the Portuguese population. This integrative approach to the available HBM data allows us to analyze the main determinants and patterns of exposure of the Portuguese population to the selected hazardous compounds, as well as to assess the potential health risks. We also aimed to identify the main difficulties and challenges of HBM through the analysis of the enrolled studies. Ultimately, this study aims to support national and European policies in promoting human health by summarizing the most important outcomes and lessons learned through the HBM studies carried out in Portugal.
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Magri CA, Garcia RG, Binotto E, Burbarelli MFC, Gandra ERS, Przybulinski BB, Caldara FR, Komiyama CM. Occupational risks and their implications for the health of poultry farmers. Work 2021; 70:815-822. [PMID: 34719452 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poultry activity exposes workers to accidents and unhealthy conditions with physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychological risks. OBJECTIVE The objective was to list risk factors in poultry farms in operational, behavioral, and environmental aspects. METHODS We evaluated poultry farm workers through quantitative and qualitative analysis applying a semi-structured online questionnaire containing 58 questions to identify risks in the workplace and health implications. RESULTS Most facilities were air-conditioned, workers performed their activities in a totally closed environment, with low light (1 to 10 lux), for more than 40 h/wk. Regarding accidents, 61%of workers claimed to have suffered some type of accident, 34%claimed to not use personal protection equipment, and 41%felt unable to perform their activities at some time due to health problems; handling animals and animal waste were the most significant biological risks; dust and ammonia corresponded to the most significant chemical risks; and electric shock, burns, and heat exposure were the most significant physical/accident risks. CONCLUSIONS Workers expose themselves daily to physical, chemical, biological, psychosocial, and ergonomic risks. These exposures often lead to symptoms such as stress, headache, eye and mucous membrane disorders, respiratory diseases, back and muscle pain, depression, and symptoms often associated with Sick Building Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Magri
- Agribusiness Postgraduate Program, FederalUniversity of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Garcia
- Agribusiness Postgraduate Program, FederalUniversity of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Erlaine Binotto
- Agribusiness Postgraduate Program, FederalUniversity of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria F C Burbarelli
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, FederalUniversity of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Erika R S Gandra
- Studies Institute of the Humid Tropics -IETU -Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará-Unifesspa*18pt
| | - Bruna B Przybulinski
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, FederalUniversity of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana R Caldara
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, FederalUniversity of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Komiyama
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, FederalUniversity of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Ndaw S, Jargot D, Antoine G, Denis F, Melin S, Robert A. Investigating Multi-Mycotoxin Exposure in Occupational Settings: A Biomonitoring and Airborne Measurement Approach. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:54. [PMID: 33450876 PMCID: PMC7828332 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating workplace exposure to mycotoxins is of the utmost importance in supporting the implementation of preventive measures for workers. The aim of this study was to provide tools for measuring mycotoxins in urine and airborne samples. A multi-class mycotoxin method was developed in urine for the determination of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, ochratoxin α, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, fumonisin B1, HT2-toxin and T2-toxin. Analysis was based on liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Sample pre-treatments included enzymatic digestion and an online or offline sample clean-up step. The method was validated according to the European Medicines Agency guidance procedures. In order to estimate external exposure, air samples collected with a CIP 10 (Capteur Individuel de Particules 10) personal dust sampler were analyzed for the quantification of up to ten mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin B1 and HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin. The method was validated according to standards for workplace exposure to chemical and biological agents EN 482. Both methods, biomonitoring and airborne mycotoxin measurement, showed good analytical performances. They were successfully applied in a small pilot study to assess mycotoxin contamination in workers during cleaning of a grain elevator. We demonstrated that this approach was suitable for investigating occupational exposure to mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ndaw
- Toxicology and Biomonitoring Department, INRS—French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases, 54500 Vandoeuvre-Lés-Nancy, France; (G.A.); (F.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Daniele Jargot
- Pollutant Metrology Department, INRS—French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases, 54500 Vandoeuvre-Lés-Nancy, France; (D.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Guillaume Antoine
- Toxicology and Biomonitoring Department, INRS—French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases, 54500 Vandoeuvre-Lés-Nancy, France; (G.A.); (F.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Flavien Denis
- Toxicology and Biomonitoring Department, INRS—French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases, 54500 Vandoeuvre-Lés-Nancy, France; (G.A.); (F.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Sandrine Melin
- Pollutant Metrology Department, INRS—French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases, 54500 Vandoeuvre-Lés-Nancy, France; (D.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Alain Robert
- Toxicology and Biomonitoring Department, INRS—French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases, 54500 Vandoeuvre-Lés-Nancy, France; (G.A.); (F.D.); (A.R.)
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Dos Anjos Magri C, Garófallo Garcia R, Binotto E, Duarte da Silva Lima N, de Alencar Nääs I, Sgavioli S, de Castro Burbarelli MF. Occupational risk factors in health of broiler-farm workers: A systematic review. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:482-493. [PMID: 33054688 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1832036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify gaps in literature regarding occupational risks to broiler farming workers. A systematic review was performed in which inclusion criteria were workers in poultry farms. The search was done between May and June 2019 with online papers. Keywords were "poultry farmer," "poultry worker," and "poultry workers" as terms of an axis of a theoretical framework. Results indicated as predominant topics lung diseases, nasal mucosa or paranasal sinus contamination, and aflatoxicosis. The identified gaps in scientific publications are related to mitigation of occupational risks. Prevalent described risks are associated to exposure to chemicals gases, vapors and aerosols, biological hazards (micro-organisms), ergonomic risks, wrong working posture, excessive body movement and inadequate behaviors. Preventive policies about poultry farmer's health and safety needs to be adopted to reduce potentially dangerous risk factors and increase productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dos Anjos Magri
- Agribusiness Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia
- Agribusiness Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Animal Science Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Erlaine Binotto
- Agribusiness Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sarah Sgavioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Brazil University, Descalvado, São Paulo, Brazil
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Franco LT, Ismail A, Amjad A, Oliveira CAFD. Occurrence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in workplaces and human biomonitoring of mycotoxins in exposed workers: a systematic review. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1795685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Tuanny Franco
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Amir Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Amjad
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Assunção R, Viegas S. Mycotoxin Exposure and Related Diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030172. [PMID: 32168950 PMCID: PMC7150930 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Assunção
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (S.V.)
| | - Susana Viegas
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1150-090 Lisbon, Portugal
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (S.V.)
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Viegas S, Assunção R, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Grajewski J, Viegas C. Mycotoxins feed contamination in a dairy farm - potential implications for milk contamination and workers' exposure in a One Health approach. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1118-1123. [PMID: 31667844 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy farming feed can be contaminated with mycotoxins, affecting animals' health and milk quality. Dairy farming is also prone to occupational exposure to mycotoxins, and feed is recognized as a source of contamination in the workplace. An exploratory study was developed in a dairy farm located in Portugal intending to assess the mycotoxins present in the feed. RESULTS All the samples analyzed presented contamination by at least two mycotoxins and up to a maximum of 13 mycotoxins in the same sample. Zearalenone (ZEA) was detected in all the samples (n = 10) followed by deoxynivalenol (DON), which was reported in eight samples, and ochratoxin A (OTA), reported in five samples. CONCLUSION The results point to the possible contamination of milk by several mycotoxins and raise the possibility of occupational exposure to mycotoxins due to feed contamination. An adequate One Health approach for dairy production should address these issues through effective preventive actions such as avoiding the use of feed contaminated with mycotoxins. This represents an important challenge due to climate change. It requires proper attention and accurate management measures. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Viegas
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Assunção
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Grajewski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Carla Viegas
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Viegas C, Faria T, Caetano LA, Carolino E, Quintal-Gomes A, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Viegas S. Characterization of Occupational Exposure To Fungal Burden in Portuguese Bakeries. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E234. [PMID: 31382481 PMCID: PMC6723507 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported adverse respiratory health effects in workers exposed to ambient contaminants in bakeries. The aim of this study was to examine worker exposure to fungi and mycotoxins in Portuguese bakeries in order to develop new policies in occupational health. Environmental samples such as air, surfaces, settled dust and electrostatic dust collector (EDC) were collected in 13 bakeries for fungal and mycotoxins assessment. Air samples obtained by impaction were performed applying malt extract agar (MEA) supplemented with chloramphenicol (0.05%) and dichloran glycerol (DG18) agar-based media. Air samples collected through impinger method were determined as well for fungal detection by molecular tools of Aspergillus sections and mycotoxins. The highest median value for fungal load was 1053 CFU·m-3 and 65.3% (32 out of 49) of the sampling sites displayed higher fungal load than limits imposed by the World Health Organization. Aspergillus genera was found in air, surface swabs and EDC. Molecular tools were effective in measuring Aspergillus section Fumigati in 22.4% on air, 27.8% on surface swabs and in 7.4% in EDC and Aspergillus section Versicolores in one air sample. All settled dust samples showed contamination with six to eight mycotoxins in each sample. The mycotoxins detected were deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, monoacetoxyscirpenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, griseofulvin, HT2, ochratoxin A, ochratoxin B and mycophenolic acid. Industrial hygienists and exposure assessors should rely on different sampling methods (active and passive) and different assays (culture based and molecular methods) to obtain an accurate risk characterization regarding fungal burden (fungi and mycotoxins). Additionally, the awareness for the raw material as a potential mycotoxins indoor contamination source is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Viegas
- Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Faria
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, E.N. 10 ao km 139,7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Liliana Aranha Caetano
- Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anita Quintal-Gomes
- Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental BiologyKazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental BiologyKazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Susana Viegas
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
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Sabino R, Veríssimo C, Viegas C, Viegas S, Brandão J, Alves-Correia M, Borrego LM, Clemons KV, Stevens DA, Richardson M. The role of occupational Aspergillus exposure in the development of diseases. Med Mycol 2019; 57:S196-S205. [PMID: 30816970 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus spp. have a high nutritional versatility and good growth on a large variety of construction materials. They also colonize soil or food, but decaying vegetation is their primary ecological niche. Therefore, exposure to fungi may occur at home, during hospitalization, during specific leisure activities, or at the workplace. The development of Aspergillus infections depends on the interplay between host susceptibility and the organism. Environments with high counts of fungal elements (conidia, hyphal fragments and others), high levels of bioarerosols, and elevated concentrations of mycotoxins or other volatile organic compounds should be considered as potential hazards, since they may present a risk to the exposed person. Rural tasks as well as work related to wood and food industries, poultries, swineries, waste handling plants, and other occupational environments involving contaminated organic material are among the ones posing higher respiratory risks to the workers. This paper presents a review of several studies related to occupational and indoor exposure to Aspergillus, potential health effects related to that exposure, and associated exposure assessment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sabino
- Nacional Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge - URSZ- Infectious Diseases Department, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa
| | - Cristina Veríssimo
- Nacional Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge - URSZ- Infectious Diseases Department, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
| | - Susana Viegas
- H&TRC- Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
| | - João Brandão
- Nacional Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge - Department of Environmental Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Luís-Miguel Borrego
- Allergy Unit, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon.,The Chronic Diseases Research Center, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Karl V Clemons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, United States
| | - David A Stevens
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, United States
| | - Malcolm Richardson
- Mycology Reference Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust.,Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Rushing BR, Selim MI. Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational exposure, and detoxification methods. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124:81-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Viegas S, Assunção R, Nunes C, Osteresch B, Twarużek M, Kosicki R, Grajewski J, Martins C, Alvito P, Almeida A, Viegas C. Exposure Assessment to Mycotoxins in a Portuguese Fresh Bread Dough Company by Using a Multi-Biomarker Approach. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E342. [PMID: 30142887 PMCID: PMC6162618 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic mold metabolites that can persist in environment long after the fungi species responsible for their production disappear. Critical workplace for mycotoxins presence has already been studied and nowadays it is possible to recognize that exposure to mycotoxins through inhalation occurs due to their presence in dust. This study aimed to assess occupational co-exposure to multiple mycotoxins in a fresh bread dough company, an occupational setting not studied until now. Occupational exposure assessment to mycotoxins was done using a LC-MS/MS urinary multi-biomarker approach. Twenty-one workers and nineteen individuals that were used as controls participated in the study. Workers/controls (spot-urine) and environment (settled dust) samples were collected and analyzed. Concerning workers group, DON-GlcA, and OTA were the most prevalent biomarkers (>LOD), 66% and 90.5%, respectively. In the control group, OTA was also one of the most detected (68%) followed by CIT (58%) and DON-GlcA (58%). DON was the mycotoxin measured in high amounts in the settled dust sample (58.2 ng/g). Both workers and controls are exposed to several mycotoxins simultaneously. The workers group, due to their high contact with flour dust, revealed a higher exposure to DON. Considering these results, risk management measures must be applied including specific and adequate health surveillance programs in order to avoid exposure and consequently the associated health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Viegas
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Assunção
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P. (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carla Nunes
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal.
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Bernd Osteresch
- Group of Prof. Humpf, Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Magdalena Twarużek
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Robert Kosicki
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Jan Grajewski
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Carla Martins
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P. (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Paula Alvito
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P. (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Almeida
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carla Viegas
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal.
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15
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Assunção R, Martins C, Viegas S, Viegas C, Jakobsen LS, Pires S, Alvito P. Climate change and the health impact of aflatoxins exposure in Portugal - an overview. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:1610-1621. [PMID: 29494310 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1447691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has been indicated as a driver for food safety issues worldwide, mainly due to the impact on the occurrence of food safety hazards at various stages of food chain. Mycotoxins, natural contaminants produced by fungi, are among the most important of such hazards. Aflatoxins, which have the highest acute and chronic toxicity of all mycotoxins, assume particular importance. A recent study predicted aflatoxin contamination in maize and wheat crops in Europe within the next 100 years and aflatoxin B1 is predicted to become a food safety issue in Europe, especially in the most probable scenario of climate change (+2°C). This review discusses the potential influence of climate change on the health risk associated to aflatoxins dietary exposure of Portuguese population. We estimated the burden of disease associated to the current aflatoxin exposure for Portuguese population in terms of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). It is expected that in the future the number of DALYs and the associated cases of hepatocellular carcinoma due to aflatoxins exposure will increase due to climate change. The topics highlighted through this review, including the potential impact on health of the Portuguese population through the dietary exposure to aflatoxins, should represent an alert for the potential consequences of an incompletely explored perspective of climate change. Politics and decision-makers should be involved and committed to implement effective measures to deal with climate change issues and to reduce its possible consequences. This review constitutes a contribution for the prioritisation of strategies to face the unequal burden of effects of weather-related hazards in Portugal and across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Assunção
- a Food and Nutrition Department , National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Lisbon , Portugal.,b CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- a Food and Nutrition Department , National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Lisbon , Portugal.,b CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal.,c NOVA National School of Public Health , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Susana Viegas
- d GIAS, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa , Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal.,e Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Carla Viegas
- d GIAS, ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa , Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal.,e Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Lea S Jakobsen
- f Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, The National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Sara Pires
- f Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, The National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Paula Alvito
- a Food and Nutrition Department , National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Lisbon , Portugal.,b CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
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16
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GAUTAM R, HEO Y, LIM G, SONG E, ROQUE K, LEE J, KIM Y, CHO A, SHIN S, KIM C, BANG G, BAHNG J, KIM H. Altered immune responses in broiler chicken husbandry workers and their association with endotoxin exposure. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2018; 56:10-19. [PMID: 28835578 PMCID: PMC5800861 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2017-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to bioaerosols in indoor animal farms associates with respiratory illnesses, but little is known about the immune modulation to chicken farmers. This study aimed to compare the general immunity of chicken farmers with those of control subjects with non-agricultural jobs. Blood taken from the farmers and controls was subjected to plasma IgE and IgG subclass measurements. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated and cytokine production was measured. Indoor total and respirable dust levels and their endotoxin (LPS) and aflatoxin (AF) levels in the farms were measured. In total, 29 chicken farmers on 19 farms and 14 age- and sex-matched office workers participated. Hematological differences were not observed. The farmers tended to have higher serum IgE and IgG subclass levels with significance for IgG1. The cytokines released by PBMC from farmers indicated skewing toward Type-2 helper T-cell responses: interferon (IFN)-γ:interleukin (IL)-4 and IFNγ:IL-13 ratios were significantly lower than for control PBMC. The farms had 707.1 EU/m3 LPS in total dust, and 15.8 EU/m3 LPS in respirable dust. Farmers exhibited immune skewing towards allergic immune responses that correlated with the LPS levels on their farms. Chicken farmers may be at risk of respiratory allergies due to occupational endotoxin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi GAUTAM
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong HEO
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | - GyeongDong LIM
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | - EunSeob SONG
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | - Katharine ROQUE
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHee LEE
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | - YeonGyeong KIM
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | - AhRang CHO
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | - SoJung SHIN
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYul KIM
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Bio-Medical Sciences, Daegu Catholic University, Republic of Korea
| | - GiHwan BANG
- Harim Institute of Life Science, Harim Corporation, Republic of Korea
| | - JiYun BAHNG
- Harim Institute of Life Science, Harim Corporation, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoungAh KIM
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
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17
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Ladeira C, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Engaging One Health for Non-Communicable Diseases in Africa: Perspective for Mycotoxins. Front Public Health 2017; 5:266. [PMID: 29085817 PMCID: PMC5650707 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mycotoxins-e.g., aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, tremorgenic toxins, and ergot alkaloids-has been recognized in the etiology of a number of diseases. In many African countries, the public health impact of chronic (indoor) and/or repeated (dietary) mycotoxin exposure is largely ignored hitherto, with impact on human health, food security, and export of African agricultural food products. Notwithstanding, African scientific research reached milestones that, when linked to findings gained by the international scientific community, make the design and implementation of science-driven governance schemes feasible. Starting from Nigeria as leading African Country, this article (i) overviews available data on mycotoxins exposure in Africa; (ii) discusses new food safety issues, such as the environment-feed-food chain and toxic exposures of food producing animals in risk assessment and management; (iii) identifies milestones for mycotoxins risk management already reached in West Africa; and (iv) points out preliminary operationalization aspects for shielding communities from direct (on health) and indirect (on trade, economies, and livelihoods) effects of mycotoxins. An African science-driven engaging of scientific knowledge by development actors is expected therefore. In particular, One health/One prevention is suggested, as it proved to be a strategic and sustainable development framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa – Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (ESTeSL – IPL), Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação em Genética e Metabolismo, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa – Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (ESTeSL – IPL), Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação e Estudos em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, ENSP, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department for Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging-Associated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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18
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Viegas S, Caetano LA, Korkalainen M, Faria T, Pacífico C, Carolino E, Quintal Gomes A, Viegas C. Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Potential of Air Samples from Occupational Settings with Exposure to Organic Dust. TOXICS 2017; 5:E8. [PMID: 29051440 PMCID: PMC5606674 DOI: 10.3390/toxics5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Organic dust and related microbial exposures are the main inducers of several respiratory symptoms. Occupational exposure to organic dust is very common and has been reported in diverse settings. In vitro tests using relevant cell cultures can be very useful for characterizing the toxicity of complex mixtures present in the air of occupational environments such as organic dust. In this study, the cell viability and the inflammatory response, as measured by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), were determined in human macrophages derived from THP-1 monocytic cells. These cells were exposed to air samples from five occupational settings known to possess high levels of contamination of organic dust: poultry and swine feed industries, waste sorting, poultry production and slaughterhouses. Additionally, fungi and particle contamination of those settings was studied to better characterize the organic dust composition. All air samples collected from the assessed workplaces caused both cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects. The highest responses were observed in the feed industry, particularly in swine feed production. This study emphasizes the importance of measuring the organic dust/mixture effects in occupational settings and suggests that differences in the organic dust content may result in differences in health effects for exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Viegas
- Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, ESTeSL, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Liliana Aranha Caetano
- Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, ESTeSL, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Merja Korkalainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Department of Health Security, Chemicals and Health Unit, P.O. Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tiago Faria
- Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, ESTeSL, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Pacífico
- Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, ESTeSL, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, ESTeSL, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Anita Quintal Gomes
- Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, ESTeSL, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine. University of Lisbon, 649-028 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Carla Viegas
- Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, ESTeSL, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal.
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19
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Viegas S, Veiga L, Almeida A, dos Santos M, Carolino E, Viegas C. Occupational Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 in a Portuguese Poultry Slaughterhouse. ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE 2015; 60:176-83. [PMID: 26568583 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mev077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a secondary metabolite produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and is the most potent hepatocarcinogen known in mammals and has been classified by the International Agency of Research on Cancer as Group 1 carcinogen. Although dietary exposure to AFB1 has been extensively documented, there are still few studies dedicated to the problem of occupational exposure. Considering recent findings regarding AFB1 occupational exposure in poultry production, it was considered relevant to clarify if there is also exposure in poultry slaughterhouses. Occupational exposure assessment to AFB1 was done with a biomarker of internal dose that measures AFB1 in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thirty workers from a slaughterhouse were enrolled in this study. A control group (n = 30) was also considered in order to know AFB1 background levels for Portuguese population. Fourteen workers (47.0%) showed detectable levels of AFB1 with values from 1.06 to 4.03ng ml(-1), with a mean value of 1.73ng ml(-1). No AFB1 was detected in serum of individuals used as controls. Despite uncertainties regarding the exposure route that is contributing more to exposure (inhalation or dermal) is possible to state that exposure to AFB1 is occurring in the slaughterhouse studied. It seems that reducing AFB1 contamination in poultry production can have a positive result in this occupational setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Viegas
- 1.Environment and Health RG, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal; 2.Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública (CISP/ENSP/UNL), 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Luísa Veiga
- 3.Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Almeida
- 3.Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mateus dos Santos
- 1.Environment and Health RG, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- 1.Environment and Health RG, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Viegas
- 1.Environment and Health RG, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal; 4.Faculty of Medicine, Environmental Health Institute, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal
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20
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Viegas S, Veiga L, Figueiredo P, Almeida A, Carolino E, Viegas C. Assessment of workers' exposure to aflatoxin B1 in a Portuguese waste industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 59:173-81. [PMID: 25324565 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meu082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is considered by different International Agencies as a genotoxic and potent hepatocarcinogen. However, despite the fact that the fungi producing this compound are detected in some work environments, AFB1 is rarely monitored in occupational settings. The aim of the present investigation was to assess exposure to AFB1 of workers from one Portuguese waste company located in the outskirt of Lisbon. Occupational exposure assessment to AFB1 was done with a biomarker of internal dose that measures AFB1 in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Forty-one workers from the waste company were enrolled in this study (26 from sorting; 9 from composting; 6 from incineration). A control group (n = 30) was also considered in order to know the AFB1 background levels for the Portuguese population. All the workers showed detectable levels of AFB1 with values ranging from 2.5ng ml(-1) to 25.9ng ml(-1) with a median value of 9.9±5.4ng ml(-1). All of the controls showed values below the method's detection limit. Results obtained showed much higher (8-fold higher) values when compared with other Portuguese settings already studied, such as poultry and swine production. Besides this mycotoxin, other mycotoxins are probably present in this occupational setting and this aspect should be taken into consideration for the risk assessment process due to possible synergistic reactions. The data obtained suggests that exposure to AFB1 occurs in a waste management setting and claims attention for the need of appliance of preventive and protective safety measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Viegas
- 1.Environment and Health RG, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal 2.Center for Malaria & Tropical Diseases (CMDT), Public Health and Policy, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luisa Veiga
- 3.Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Figueiredo
- 3.Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Almeida
- 3.Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- 1.Environment and Health RG, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Viegas
- 1.Environment and Health RG, Lisbon School of Health Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Av. D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
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21
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Lateef A, Gueguim-Kana E. Quality assessment and hazard analysis in the small-scale production of poultry feeds in Ogbomoso, Southwest Nigeria. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2012.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lateef
- Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Microbiology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - E.B Gueguim-Kana
- School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
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Barug D, van Egmond H. Foreword. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.x002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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