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Li X, Feng H, Liu S, Cui J, Liu J, Shi M, Zhao J, Wang L. Dehydrin CaDHN2 Enhances Drought Tolerance by Affecting Ascorbic Acid Synthesis under Drought in Peppers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3895. [PMID: 38005792 PMCID: PMC10675185 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), as a horticultural crop with one of the highest ascorbic acid contents, are negatively affected by detrimental environmental conditions both in terms of quality and productivity. In peppers, the high level of ascorbic acid is not only a nutrient substance but also plays a role in environmental stress, i.e., drought stress. When suffering from drought stress, plants accumulate dehydrins, which play important roles in the stress response. Here, we isolated an SK3-type DHN gene CaDHN2 from peppers. CaDHN2 was located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. In CaDHN2-silenced peppers, which are generated by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), the survival rate is much lower, the electrolytic leakage is higher, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is greater when compared with the control under drought stress. Moreover, when CaDHN2 (CaDHN2-OE) is overexpressed in Arabidopsis, theoverexpressing plants show enhanced drought tolerance, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and lower ROS content. Based on yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), GST-pull down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) results, we found that CaDHN2 interacts with CaGGP1, the key enzyme in ascorbic acid (AsA) synthesis, in the cytoplasm. Accordingly, the level of ascorbic acid is highly reduced in CaDHN2-silenced peppers, indicating that CaDHN2 interacts with CaGGP1 to affect the synthesis of ascorbic acid under drought stress, thus improving the drought tolerance of peppers. Our research provides a basis for further study of the function of DHN genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Hao Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.F.); (M.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Junjun Cui
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiannan Liu
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Mingyu Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.F.); (M.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jielong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.F.); (M.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Lihu Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
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Zhang M, Liu S, Tong S, Zhang D, Qi Q, Wang Y, Wang X, An Y, Lu X. Effects of Melatonin Priming on Suaeda corniculata Seed Germination, Antioxidant Defense, and Reserve Mobilization: Implications for Salinized Wetland Restoration. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.941032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin priming has been widely reported to positively affect seed germination under abiotic stresses. However, there is still a gap in knowledge on how melatonin priming impacts the seed germination and physiological change of wetland plant species. We assessed the effects of different melatonin concentrations on germination characteristics, antioxidant defense, and reserve mobilization of Suaeda corniculata seeds. Priming of S. corniculata seeds with 50 μM melatonin significantly improved the germination rate, germination speed, germination index, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, and soluble sugar content as compared with the control, and effectively reduced the malondialdehyde content, promoted starch, soluble protein, and fat mobilization. However, the stress tolerance ability of S. corniculata seeds was reduced by high melatonin concentration. The structural equation model indicated that the melatonin priming directly affects the seed germination, while also indirectly regulating the antioxidant defense system and reserve mobilization. In conclusion, melatonin priming affects the S. corniculata seed germination under salinization stress in a concentration-dependent manner via both direct and indirect regulatory pathways. Insights into these aspects will advance our understanding of how melatonin priming affects S. corniculata seed germination and provide invaluable information and technical support for the restoration of salinized wetlands in the Momoge National Nature Reserve.
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Qiao Q, Wu C, Cheng TT, Yan Y, Zhang L, Wan YL, Wang JW, Liu QZ, Feng Z, Liu Y. Comparative Analysis of the Metabolome and Transcriptome between the Green and Yellow-Green Regions of Variegated Leaves in a Mutant Variety of the Tree Species Pteroceltis tatarinowii. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094950. [PMID: 35563341 PMCID: PMC9101679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, many different factors cause plants to develop variegated leaves. To explore the mechanism of variegated leaf formation in Pteroceltis tatarinowii, a mutant variety ('Jinyuyuan'), which was induced by ethylmethylsulfone, was selected, and its morphological structure, physiology, biochemistry, transcription and metabolism were analysed. According to differences in colour values, the colours were divided into two regions: a green region and a yellow-green region. The chlorophyll content of the two regions was significantly different. Moreover, the yellow-green regions of the leaves were significantly thinner than the green regions. The chloroplast ultrastructure in the yellow-green region revealed small chloroplasts, large vacuoles, small starch grains, obviously increased numbers of osmophilic grains, loose lamellae of the inner capsule and thin lamellae. Moreover, the yellow-green region was accompanied by oxidative stress, and the activity of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway related to oxidative activity in the transcriptome showed an upward trend. Vitamin B6 and proline contents also increased, indicating that the antioxidant activity of cells in the yellow-green region increased. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to chlorophyll synthesis and metabolism led to a decrease in the photosynthesis and then a decrease in the assimilation ability and contents of sucrose, starch and other assimilates. Amino acid synthesis and metabolism, lipid synthesis and the activity of metabolic pathways were obviously downregulated, and the contents of differentially accumulated metabolites associated with amino acids and lipids were also reduced. At the same time, 31 out of 32 DEGs involved in the flavonoid synthesis pathway were downregulated, which affected leaf colour. We hypothesized that the variegated leaves of P. tatarinowii 'Jinyuyuan' are caused by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Mutations in pigment and flavonoid synthesis pathway genes and transcription factor genes directly affect both pigment and flavonoid synthesis and degradation rate, which in turn affect carbon assimilation, carbon fixation, related protein synthesis and enzyme activity, lipid synthesis and degradation and the activity of other metabolic pathways, eventually leading to the formation of different colour regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Q.); (Y.-L.W.)
| | - Chong Wu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (C.W.); (J.-W.W.); (Q.-Z.L.)
| | - Tian-Tian Cheng
- Taishan Forestry Science Institute, Tai’an 271018, China; (T.-T.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yu Yan
- Taishan Forestry Science Institute, Tai’an 271018, China; (T.-T.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Taishan Forestry Science Institute, Tai’an 271018, China; (T.-T.C.); (Y.Y.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ying-Lin Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Q.); (Y.-L.W.)
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (C.W.); (J.-W.W.); (Q.-Z.L.)
| | - Qing-Zhong Liu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (C.W.); (J.-W.W.); (Q.-Z.L.)
| | - Zhen Feng
- Department of Forestry, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Q.); (Y.-L.W.)
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (Y.L.)
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4
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Alteration of physiological and biochemical properties in leaves and fruits of pomegranate in response to gamma irradiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4312. [PMID: 35279698 PMCID: PMC8918351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate breeding to improve the marketability requires the production of large and high quality fruits. Gamma radiation on pomegranate can be used to generate genetic diversity that allows the breeder to screen the mutants for superior quality and quantity. For this purpose, dormant buds on 1-year-old shoots of pomegranate cultivar "Malase Saveh" were subjected to 36 Gy (Gy) of gamma irradiation from a cobalt (60CO) source. Shoot cuttings were taken from the mutated shoots and generate M1V2. The number of 11 mutants were selected from M1V2 plants based on their winter survival and disease resistance. After a period of 3–4 years, leaf and fruit samples were harvested from the M1V5. Results showed that physiological and biochemical parameters of leaves were altered unevenly, some clones showed no alterations from the control, while others revealed considerable differences. Irradiation altered various aspects related to fruit, such as the number and weight of ripe and unripe fruits, number of cracked, sunburn, worm-eaten fruits, and fruit size. In general, mutant clones 5, 8, and 10 had higher fruit sizes and weight of ripe fruits and less number and weight of unripe fruits. The stability of the detected mutants will be evaluated and new commercial field trials using selected materials will be established.
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Li Y, Li W, Hu D, Shen P, Zhang G, Zhu Y. Comparative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome between green and albino zones of variegated leaves from Hydrangea macrophylla 'Maculata' infected by hydrangea ringspot virus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:195-210. [PMID: 33120111 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In nature, many different factors cause plants to present variegated leaves. The purpose of this study was to reveal the changes in the green and albino leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla 'Maculata'. It was found that in the albino zone, the leaves became thinner, the chloroplast structure disappeared, and a large number of leucoplasts replaced chloroplasts. In addition, the albino zone of the leaves contained almost no chlorophyll and showed no function related to transforming and utilizing light energy, and more intense oxidative stress was observed in the albino zone of the leaves than in the green zone. RNA-seq analysis showed that the chlorophyll synthesis pathway of the albino zone of leaves was blocked. Upregulated expression of the hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV) coat protein (CP) gene was detected in albino tissue by RT-qPCR. Finally, combined UPLC-MS/MS and RNA-seq analyses revealed metabolic changes involving multiple pathways in albino leaf tissue, centered on the TCA cycle. We hypothesize that HdRSV may alter energy metabolism in the albino zone of leaves, including increased lipid metabolism, reduced sugar metabolism, and increased synthesis of amino acids and the viral capsid protein from ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Wenji Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Di Hu
- The Fine Arts College of Sichuan Normal University, No.1819 ChengLong Avenue, Longquanyi District, Chengdu, 610101, China.
| | - Ping Shen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210042, China.
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Eliaspour S, Seyed Sharifi R, Shirkhani A, Farzaneh S. Effects of biofertilizers and iron nano-oxide on maize yield and physiological properties under optimal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5985-5998. [PMID: 33282250 PMCID: PMC7684627 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, effects iron nano-oxide and biofertilizers and chemical was investigated on the yield and some traits of Maize under normal and drought stress conditions in two years (2018 and 2019). The experiment was performed in the form of split-spilt plot in a complete random block design with three replications. The studied irrigation treatment included three levels (normal, 85% and 65% optimum water requirement) in the main plots and iron nano-oxide at four levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/L) in subplots, and biofertilizers at four levels (noninoculation, inoculation with mycorrhiza, inoculation with pseudomonas and combined inoculation of mycorrhiza and pseudomonas) in sub-plots. The results showed that grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and leaf chlorophyll contents decreased by drought stress. Use of pseudomonas and mycorrhiza increased these traits in normal and stress conditions, but iron nano-oxide had no significant effect on the measured traits. Also, drought stress increased malondialdehyde, ion leakage, catalase, peroxidase, proline, and polyphenol oxidase in both light and severe stress regimes. The amount of antioxidant enzymes increased under drought stress conditions in corn. The results indicated that all the characteristics measured by double inoculation with Pseudomonas and Microoriza had the best performance in conditions of water shortage and the use of these biofertilizers increases yield, 1000-seed weight, and chlorophyll content of maize. Also, the use of biofertilizers modulates the effect of drought stress and reduces its negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Eliaspour
- Department of Agronomy and Plant BreedingFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran
| | - Raouf Seyed Sharifi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant BreedingFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran
| | - Ali Shirkhani
- Crops and Horticulture Research DepartmentKermanshah Agricultural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO)KermanshahIran
| | - Salim Farzaneh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant BreedingFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran
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7
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Aliyeva DR, Aydinli LM, Zulfugarov IS, Huseynova IM. Diurnal changes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle components in wheat genotypes exposed to drought. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:998-1006. [PMID: 32564782 DOI: 10.1071/fp19375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle is a major pathway of H2O2 scavenging in plants. The effect of diurnal variations in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, the intensity of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA), photosynthesis, antioxidants and antioxidative enzyme activities involved in AsA-GSH metabolism has been studied comparatively in leaves of durum (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat genotypes exposed to soil drought. Drought stress caused an increase in the content of H2O2, MDA, alterations in the activities of AsA-GSH cycle enzymes and quantitative changes in AsA and GSH content during the day. PSII efficiency was significantly lower in the control and drought exposed leaves at the highest temperature in the afternoon. The ascorbate peroxidase activity was found to increase and ascorbic acid amount decreased with increasing temperature during the day. Further, the glutathione amount and glutathione reductase activity increased at the expense of the regeneration of the oxidised form of glutathione. Our results revealed that wheat can tolerate drought stress by enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities and alteration of the concentration of ascorbate and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durna R Aliyeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev Str., Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Lala M Aydinli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev Str., Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Ismayil S Zulfugarov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev Str., Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan; and Department of Integrated Biological Science and Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; and Department of Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Str., Yakutsk 677-027, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation
| | - Irada M Huseynova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev Str., Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan; and Corresponding author.
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Yasmin K, Arulbalachandran D, Soundarya V, Vanmathi S. Effects of gamma radiation (γ) on biochemical and antioxidant properties in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1135-1143. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Yasmin
- Department of Botany, Division of Crop Mutation and Molecular Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. Arulbalachandran
- Department of Botany, Division of Crop Mutation and Molecular Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Soundarya
- Department of Botany, Division of Crop Mutation and Molecular Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Vanmathi
- Department of Botany, Division of Crop Mutation and Molecular Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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Naeemi T, Fahmideh L, Fakheri BA. The Impact of Drought Stress on Antioxidant Enzymes Activities, Containing of Proline and Carbohydrate in Some Genotypes of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidu L.) at Seedling Stage. JOURNAL OF CROP BREEDING 2018; 10:22-31. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.29252/jcb.10.26.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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10
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Liester MG, Liester MB. Drought’s potential influence on the increasing prevalence of celiac disease. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1529848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maya G. Liester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
| | - Mitchell B. Liester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
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11
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Ibrahim EA. Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 192:38-46. [PMID: 26812088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect crop production in arid and semiarid areas. Seed germination and seedling growth are the stages most sensitive to salinity. Salt stress causes adverse physiological and biochemical changes in germinating seeds. It can affect the seed germination and stand establishment through osmotic stress, ion-specific effects and oxidative stress. The salinity delays or prevents the seed germination through various factors, such as a reduction in water availability, changes in the mobilization of stored reserves and affecting the structural organization of proteins. Various techniques can improve emergence and stand establishment under salt conditions. One of the most frequently utilized is seed priming. The process of seed priming involves prior exposure to an abiotic stress, making a seed more resistant to future exposure. Seed priming stimulates the pre-germination metabolic processes and makes the seed ready for radicle protrusion. It increases the antioxidant system activity and the repair of membranes. These changes promote seed vigor during germination and emergence under salinity stress. The aim of this paper is to review the recent literature on the response of plants to seed priming under salinity stress. The mechanism of the effect of salinity on seed germination is discussed and the seed priming process is summarized. Physiological, biochemical and molecular changes induced by priming that lead to seed enhancement are covered. Plants' responses to some priming agents under salinity stress are reported based on the best available data. For a great number of crops, little information exists and further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Ibrahim
- Cross Pollinated Vegetable Crops Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, 9 Cairo University St., Orman, Giza, Egypt.
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12
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Ahuja S, Kumar M, Kumar P, Gupta VK, Singhal RK, Yadav A, Singh B. Metabolic and biochemical changes caused by gamma irradiation in plants. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-2969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Rezaei MK, Shobbar ZS, Shahbazi M, Abedini R, Zare S. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) family in barley: identification of members, enzyme activity, and gene expression pattern. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1277-84. [PMID: 23664583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the most important cereals in many developing countries where drought stress considerably diminishes agricultural production. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs EC 2.5.1.18) are multifunctional enzymes which play a crucial role in cellular detoxification and oxidative stress tolerance. In this study, 84 GST genes were identified in barley by a comprehensive in silico approach. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis grouped these HvGST proteins in eight classes. The largest numbers of the HvGST genes (50) were included in the Tau class followed by 21 genes in Phi, five in Zeta, two in DHAR, two in EF1G, two in Lambda, and one each in TCHQD and Theta classes. Phylogenetic analysis of the putative GSTs from Arabidopsis, rice, and barley indicated that major functional diversification within the GST family predated the monocot/dicot divergence. However, intra-specious duplication seems to be common. Expression patterns of five GST genes from Phi and Tau classes were investigated in three barley genotypes (Yusof [drought-tolerant], Moroc9-75 [drought-sensitive], and HS1 [wild ecotype]) under control and drought-stressed conditions, during the vegetative stage. All investigated genes were up-regulated significantly under drought stress and/or showed a higher level of transcripts in the tolerant cultivar. Additionally, GST enzyme activity was superior in Yusof and induced in the extreme-drought-treated leaves, while it was not changed in Moroc9-75 under drought conditions. Moreover, the lowest and highest levels of lipid peroxidation were observed in the Yusof and Moroc9-75 cultivars, respectively. Based on the achieved results, detoxification and antioxidant activity of GSTs might be considered an important factor in the drought tolerance of barley genotypes for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazem Rezaei
- Molecular Physiology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, PO Box 31535-1897, Karaj, Iran
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14
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Chandra Rai A, Singh M, Shah K. Effect of water withdrawal on formation of free radical, proline accumulation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in ZAT12-transformed transgenic tomato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 61:108-14. [PMID: 23127521 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Water stress often leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their excessive production alters the activities of enzymes involved in their removal. ZAT12 is a member of stress-responsive C(2)H(2) type Zinc Finger Protein (ZFP) reported to control the expression of several stress-activated genes in plants through ROS signaling. The ZAT12-transformed tomato lines (cv. H-86 variety Kashi Vishesh) when subjected to water withdrawal for 7, 14 and 21 days revealed significant and consistent changes in activities of enzymes SOD, CAT, APX, GR and POD paralleled with an increased proline levels. Unlike that in wild-type tomato, the leaf superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the transformed tomato plants did not alter much, suggesting a well regulated formation of free radicals suppressing oxidative stress in the latter. Results suggest BcZAT12-transformed tomato lines ZT1, ZT2 and ZT6 to be better adapted to drought stress tolerance by accumulation of osmolyte proline and increased antioxidant response triggered by the ZAT12 gene. Therefore, the ZAT12-transformed tomato cv. H-86 lines will prove useful for higher yield of tomato crop in regions affected with severe drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chandra Rai
- Division of Vegetable Improvement, Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Shahanshahpur, Jhakhini, Varanasi, U.P. 221305, India
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Jan S, Parween T, Siddiqi TO. Anti-oxidant modulation in response to gamma radiation induced oxidative stress in developing seedlings of Psoralea corylifolia L. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 113:142-9. [PMID: 22728639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L., an important medicinal herb in Indian and Chinese Pharmacopeia were exposed to gamma rays (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy) from Co(60) source at dose rate of 1.65 kGy h(-1). Enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidant responses were verified according to the developmental stages and gamma dose applied. Plants grown from seeds exposed to higher gamma doses exhibit higher activity of the antioxidants such as [Ascorbate peroxidase (APX, 1.11.1.1), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1.15.1.1), glutathione reductase (GR, 1.6.4.2) and MDA content till flowering and declined thereafter. In contrast, CAT (1.11.1.6) activity declined in dose and age dependent manner. The correlation of gamma dose applied and oxidative stress was inferred from the increased enzymes activities and depression in total glutathione pool in seedlings developed from irradiated seeds. Nevertheless, the maintenance of high anti-oxidant capacity, psoralen accumulation seems to be an important strategy during acclimation of P. corylifolia to gamma radiation stress. Pronounced accumulation of psoralen following 15 and 20 kGy at post-flowering stage where oxidative stress is triggered modulates lipid peroxidation and proline accumulation. Further, in psoralen producing plants an increase in psoralen content can be used as a biomarker which specifies plant is under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Jan
- Department of Botany, Hamdard University, New Delhi 62, India
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Patel PK, Hemantaran A. Antioxidant Defence System in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): Influence by Drought Stress Implemented at Pre- and Post-anthesis Stage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajpp.2012.164.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Patel PK, Hemantaran A. Salicylic Acid Induced Alteration in Dry Matter Partitioning, Antioxidant Defence System and Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Drought Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajcs.2012.86.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pattanagul W. Exogenous Abscisic Acid Enhances Sugar Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Drought Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2011.212.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
As a consequence of climate change, the incidence of extreme weather events has increased in Hungary, as elsewhere. Extremely high temperatures are the factor causing the greatest problems for agriculture and crop production. The aim was to determine the heat tolerance of two wheat varieties (Plainsman V. and Mv Magma) by measuring physiological and yield parameters under high temperature conditions (35/20°C day/night) in the phytotron. Heat stress had a substantial influence on the chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity and yield parameters of the two winter wheat varieties. Heat stress during grain filling led to a significant reduction in the yield, biomass, grain number, harvest index and thousand-kernel weight. Significant differences could be detected between the two varieties, confirming the greater heat sensitivity of Plainsman V. and the better heat tolerance of Mv Magma. The importance of the antioxidant enzyme system was demonstrated in defence against heat stress. The activity of the enzymes glutathione-Stransferase (GSH-S-Tr), ascorbate peroxidase (APx) and catalase (CAT) was enhanced in Plainsman V., and that of GSH-S-Tr and CAT in Mv Magma. The tolerance of the wheat varieties appeared to be correlated with the antioxidant level, though changes in activity were observed for different antioxidant enzymes in the two genotypes tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Balla
- 1 Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Martonvásár Hungary
| | - S. Bencze
- 1 Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Martonvásár Hungary
| | - T. Janda
- 1 Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Martonvásár Hungary
| | - O. Veisz
- 1 Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Martonvásár Hungary
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