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Nezhadebrahimi A, Sepehri H, Jahanshahi M, Marjani M, Marjani A. The effect of simvastatin on gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 mRNA in rat hepatic tissues. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1383-1390. [PMID: 32643419 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1772829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the effect of simvastatin on gene expression of LDLR, SREBPs, and SCD1 in rat hepatic tissues fed with high-fat diets (HFD) and its association with some biochemical parameters. Thirty-two male Wister albino rats were divided into four equal groups (three test and one control groups). The biochemical parameters were determined by using spectrophotometer techniques and the Elisa method. Low-density lipoprotein receptor, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, stearoyl-CoA desaturase1, Beta-actin were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. At the end of study, the livers of the rats were separated and changes of hepatic tissue were determined. LDLR, SREBP2, and SCD1 expression increased significantly when compared G1 versus G4 and G2 versus G4. The expression of LDLR, SREBP2, and SCD1 also increased significantly when compared G2 versus G3, G1versus G3 and G1 versus G3 and G2 versus G3. The serum level of cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, LDL, and HDL increased significantly when compared G1 versus G3. LDL showed significantly decreased when compared G1 versus G2. Cholesterol, glucose and HDL and triglyceride levels were increased significantly when compared G1 versus G4 and G2. Treatment of rats with HFD and simvastatin 20 mg/kg, triglyceride and LDL were almost the same as a control group and LDLR expression increased 98% in liver tissue. Gene expressions may be up-regulated in liver tissue and they showed different effects on biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Nezhadebrahimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Student Research Center, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Sepehri
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Marjani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Abdoljalal Marjani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Thomas AA, Biswas S, Feng B, Chen S, Gonder J, Chakrabarti S. lncRNA H19 prevents endothelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 2019; 62:517-530. [PMID: 30612136 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy is linked to hyperglycaemia and its effect on retinal microvascular tissues. The resulting endothelial injury changes the endothelial cell phenotype to acquire mesenchymal properties (i.e. endothelial-mesenchymal transition [EndMT]). Such changes can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). lncRNA H19 may influence EndMT through TGF-β. We investigated the role of H19 in regulating EndMT during diabetic retinopathy. METHODS H19 was overexpressed or silenced in human retinal endothelial cells exposed to various glucose levels. The cells were examined for H19, endothelial and mesenchymal markers. We then expanded the study to retinal tissues in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy and also examined vitreous humour samples from individuals with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS Expression of H19 was downregulated in high glucose conditions (25 mmol/l). H19 overexpression prevented glucose-induced EndMT. Such changes appear to involve TGF-β through a Smad-independent mechanism. Diabetes caused downregulation of retinal H19. Using H19 knockout mice, we demonstrated similar EndMT in the retina. Examination of vitreous humour from individuals with proliferative diabetic retinopathy also reinforced the downregulation of H19 in diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We therefore concluded that H19 regulates EndMT in diabetic retinopathy through specific mechanisms. DATA AVAILABILITY The results from our previous microarray can be found online using the GEO accession number GSE122189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu A Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building 4033, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Saumik Biswas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building 4033, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Biao Feng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building 4033, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Shali Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building 4033, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - John Gonder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Dental Science Building 4033, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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Naik HS, Srilatha C, Sujatha K, Sreedevi B, Prasad TNVKV. Supplementation of whole grain flaxseeds ( Linum usitatissimum) along with high cholesterol diet and its effect on hyperlipidemia and initiated atherosclerosis in Wistar albino male rats. Vet World 2018; 11:1433-1439. [PMID: 30532498 PMCID: PMC6247877 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1433-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Flaxseeds are known to have varying antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherogenic activity due to its lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, alpha-linolenic acid, and omega-3 fatty acids. The beneficial effect of whole grain dietary flaxseed was evaluated experimentally in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods Male Wistar albino rats (200 g) were divided into four groups of 12 rats each. Group I rats kept as control and given basal rat chew diet, Group II as positive control for induction of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis by addition of 1% cholesterol and 15% saturated edible oil to the 1000 g of standard rat chew diet (HCD), Group III rats fed with whole grain flaxseed powder at 7.5 g/kg of rat/day in the standard rat chew diet and kept as flaxseed control, and Group IV rats supplemented with flaxseed at 7.5 g/kg of rat/day along with HCD and maintained for 90 days. Results Group II rats revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very LDL-C and significantly (p<0.05) reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), whereas tissue antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S transferase (GST) were significantly (p<0.05) reduced, and lipid peroxidation products of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level were nonsignificantly (p<0.05) increased in the heart and liver tissues. Flaxseeds supplementation along with HCD significantly ameliorated the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C along with cellular antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, SOD, GPx, GR, GST, and non-significant amelioration of TBARS in the heart and liver tissues compared to Group II rats. Majority of the histopathologically initiated atherosclerotic changes in the aorta and fatty change in the liver of Group II were not observed in the flaxseed supplemented Group IV; however, interestingly proliferation of endothelial cells with new vascular channel formation in the liver and in between cardiac muscle fibers was observed in Group I and Group IV rats. Conclusion The present study established the hypercholesterolemia with initiated atherosclerotic lesion in the aorta but unable to establish the atheromatous plaque in the aorta. Flaxseed supplementation along with HCD showed significant antihypercholesterolemic effect and ameliorated the changes of initiated atherosclerosis in the aorta. It needs further studies to explore all the possible beneficial effects and angiogenic properties of flaxseeds in the laboratory animals and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Srinivasa Naik
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ch Srilatha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Sujatha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B Sreedevi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - T N V K V Prasad
- Department of Nanotechnology, Frontier Institute of Technology, RARS, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Mak KK, Tan JJ, Marappan P, Balijepalli MK, Choudhury H, Ramamurthy S, Pichika MR. Galangin’s potential as a functional food ingredient. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ryu KJ. CORR Insights®: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events Are Associated With Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2018. [PMID: 29538174 PMCID: PMC6260108 DOI: 10.1007/s11999.0000000000000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Simvastatin and vitamin E effects on cardiac and hepatic oxidative stress in rats fed on high fat diet. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:737-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rathod D, Dodiya H, Goswami S. Effect of Nicorandil: A Potassium Channel Opener against Experimentally-induced Hyperlipidemia. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.690.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Verma S, Reddy K, Balakumar P. The defensive effect of benfotiamine in sodium arsenite-induced experimental vascular endothelial dysfunction. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 137:96-109. [PMID: 19943121 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study has been designed to investigate the effect of benfotiamine, a thiamine derivative, in sodium arsenite-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) in rats. Sodium arsenite (1.5 mg(-1) kg(-1) day(-1) i.p., 2 weeks) was administered in rats to produce VED. The development of VED was assessed by employing isolated aortic ring preparation and estimating the serum and aortic concentrations of nitrite/nitrate. Further, the integrity of vascular endothelium in thoracic aorta was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the oxidative stress was assessed by estimating serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and aortic superoxide anion generation. The administration of sodium arsenite markedly produced VED by attenuating acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, decreasing serum and aortic concentrations of nitrite/nitrate, and impairing the integrity of vascular endothelium. Further, sodium arsenite produced oxidative stress by increasing serum TBARS and aortic superoxide generation. The treatment with benfotiamine (25, 50, and 100 mg(-1) kg(-1) day(-1) p.o.) or atorvastatin (30 mg(-1) kg(-1) day(-1) p.o., a standard agent) prevented sodium arsenite-induced VED and oxidative stress. However, the beneficial effects of benfotiamine in preventing the sodium arsenite-induced VED were attenuated by co-administration with N-omega-nitro-L: -arginine methyl ester (L: -NAME) (25 mg(-1) kg(-1) day(-1), i.p.), an inhibitor of NOS. Thus, it may be concluded that benfotiamine reduces oxidative stress and activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase to enhance the generation and bioavailability of NO and subsequently improves the integrity of vascular endothelium to prevent sodium arsenite-induced experimental VED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjali Verma
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India
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Is nicotine a key player or spectator in the induction and progression of cardiovascular disorders? Pharmacol Res 2009; 60:361-8. [PMID: 19559087 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is common in societies worldwide and a growing body of evidence suggests that chronic cigarette smoking may affect the structure and function of cardiovascular system. The chronic exposure to high levels of nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoking, has been observed to play a pathogenic role in the induction and progression of cardiovascular disorders including cardiomyopathy and peripheral vascular disease. Nicotine alters the function of vascular endothelium, initiates the adhesion cascade and stimulates the vascular inflammatory events to induce atherosclerosis and hypertension. Moreover, nicotine has been noted to induce direct coronary spasm and ischemia, which develop coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. In addition, nicotine stimulates the excessive release of impulses from sinoatrial node that may account for the induction of cardiac arrhythmia. The present review critically discussed the possible detrimental role of chronic nicotine exposure in cardiac and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, the signaling mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of nicotine exposure-induced cardiovascular dysfunction have been discussed. In addition, the pharmacological interventions to ameliorate chronic nicotine exposure-induced cardiovascular abnormalities have been delineated.
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Balakumar P, Kaur T, Singh M. Potential target sites to modulate vascular endothelial dysfunction: Current perspectives and future directions. Toxicology 2008; 245:49-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Balakumar P, Koladiya RU, Ramasamy S, Rathinavel A, Singh M. Pharmacological Interventions to Prevent Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction: Future Directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.54.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division, I.S.F. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research
| | | | - Subbiah Ramasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University
| | - Andiappan Rathinavel
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Madurai Medical College and Government Rajaji Hospital
| | - Manjeet Singh
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division, I.S.F. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research
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Jindal S, Singh M, Balakumar P. Effect of bis (maltolato) oxovanadium (BMOV) in uric acid and sodium arsenite-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction in rats. Int J Cardiol 2007; 128:383-91. [PMID: 17658639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/19/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The study has been designed to investigate the effect of BMOV, a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) inhibitor in uric acid and sodium arsenite-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED). Uric acid (150 mg kg(-)(1) day(-)(1), i.p., 3 weeks) and sodium arsenite (1.5 mg kg(-)(1) day(-)(1), i.p., 2 weeks) were administered to produce VED in rats. VED was assessed by employing isolated aortic ring preparation, electron microscopy of thoracic aorta and estimating serum concentration of nitrite/nitrate. Further, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and aortic production of superoxide anion were estimated to assess oxidative stress. Uric acid and sodium arsenite were noted to produce VED by attenuating acetylcholine-induced endothelium dependent relaxation, impairing the integrity of vascular endothelial lining, decreasing serum nitrite/nitrate concentration and increasing serum TBARS and aortic superoxide anion generation which were significantly attenuated by BMOV (0.2 mg ml(-)(1) day(-)(1) in drinking water) or atorvastatin (30 mg kg(-)(1) day(-)(1)p.o., a standard agent). However, these ameliorative effects of BMOV have been prevented by N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (25 mg kg(-)(1) day(-)(1), i.p.), an inhibitor of NOS and glibenclamide (5 mg kg(-)(1) day(-)(1), i.p.), a blocker of ATP-sensitive K(+) channel. It may be concluded that BMOV-induced inhibition of PTPase may activate eNOS by opening of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels and consequently decrease oxidative stress to prevent uric acid and sodium arsenite-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Jindal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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