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Ebright B, Duro MV, Chen K, Louie S, Yassine HN. Effects of APOE4 on omega-3 brain metabolism across the lifespan. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:745-757. [PMID: 38609814 PMCID: PMC11321946 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have important roles in human nutrition and brain health by promoting neuronal functions, maintaining inflammatory homeostasis, and providing structural integrity. As Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology progresses, DHA metabolism in the brain becomes dysregulated, the timing and extent of which may be influenced by the apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) allele. Here, we discuss how maintaining adequate DHA intake early in life may slow the progression to AD dementia in cognitively normal individuals with APOE4, how recent advances in DHA brain imaging could offer insights leading to more personalized preventive strategies, and how alternative strategies targeting PUFA metabolism pathways may be more effective in mitigating disease progression in patients with existing AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ebright
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Marlon V Duro
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stan Louie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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2
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Loukil I, Aguilera EC, Vachon A, Léveillé P, Plourde M. Sex, Body Mass Index, and APOE4 Increase Plasma Phospholipid-Eicosapentaenoic Acid Response During an ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation: A Secondary Analysis. J Nutr 2024; 154:1561-1570. [PMID: 38513888 PMCID: PMC11130699 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain is concentrated with omega (ω)-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs), and these FAs must come from the plasma pool. The 2 main ω-3 FAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), must be in the form of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) or esterified within phospholipids (PLs) to reach the brain. We hypothesized that the plasma concentrations of these ω-3 FAs can be modulated by sex, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), age, and the presence of the apolipoprotein (APO) E-ε4 allele in response to the supplementation. OBJECTIVES This secondary analysis aimed to determine the concentration of EPA and DHA within plasma PL and in the NEFA form after an ω-3 FA or a placebo supplementation and to investigate whether the factors change the response to the supplement. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to either an ω-3 FA supplement (DHA 0.8 g and EPA 1.7 g daily) or to a placebo for 6 mo. FAs from fasting plasma samples were extracted and subsequently separated into PLs with esterified FAs and NEFAs using solid-phase extraction. DHA and EPA concentrations in plasma PLs and as NEFAs were quantified using gas chromatography. RESULTS EPA and DHA concentrations in the NEFA pool significantly increased by 31%-71% and 42%-82%, respectively, after 1 and 6 mo of ω-3 FA supplementation. No factors influenced plasma DHA and EPA responses in the NEFA pool. In the plasma PL pool, DHA increased by 83%-109% and EPA by 387%-463% after 1 and 6 mo of ω-3 FA supplementation. APOE4 carriers, females, and individuals with a BMI of ≤25 had higher EPA concentrations than noncarriers, males, and those with a BMI of >25, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of EPA in plasma PLs are modulated by APOE4, sex, and BMI. These factors should be considered when designing clinical trials involving ω-3 FA supplementation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01625195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Loukil
- Département de médecine/service de gériatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ester Cisneros Aguilera
- Département de médecine/service de gériatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annick Vachon
- Département de médecine/service de gériatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pauline Léveillé
- Département de médecine/service de gériatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Département de médecine/service de gériatrie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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3
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Sun G, Davies JR, Mell T, Harland M, Saleh RMH, Race AD, Loadman PM, Williams EA, Minihane AM, Hull MA. APOE genotype, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels in patients with multiple colorectal polyps: A secondary analysis of the seAFOod polyp prevention trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 201:102623. [PMID: 38823349 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the relationship between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels in participants of the seAFOod trial, who were undergoing colonoscopy surveillance after removal of colorectal polyps. METHODS Baseline and on-treatment (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] 2 g daily or placebo for 6 months) levels of n-3 HUFAs, and plasma 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), were analysed according to APOE genotype (based on polymorphisms rs429358 and rs7412) in 584 participants. RESULTS Before treatment, APOE2/2 individuals had lower levels, and APOE4/4 participants had higher levels, of n-3 HUFAs, including EPA, than APOE3/3 counterparts (P < 0.01 for the APOE2/2 versus APOE4/4 comparison). After EPA supplementation, n-3 HUFA levels were not significantly different when stratified by APOE genotype, although APOE4 carriers displayed lower plasma 18-HEPE levels than individuals without an APOE4 allele (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS APOE genotype is associated with differential n-3 HUFA and 18-HEPE levels in individuals with multiple colorectal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Sun
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, UK
| | - John R Davies
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Tracey Mell
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Harland
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Rasha M H Saleh
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Amanda D Race
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, UK
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, UK
| | | | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Norwich Institute of Health Ageing, Norwich, UK
| | - Mark A Hull
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, UK.
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4
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Martinsen A, Saleh RNM, Chouinard-Watkins R, Bazinet R, Harden G, Dick J, Tejera N, Pontifex MG, Vauzour D, Minihane AM. The Influence of APOE Genotype, DHA, and Flavanol Intervention on Brain DHA and Lipidomics Profile in Aged Transgenic Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2032. [PMID: 37432149 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype is predictive of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain is highly enriched with the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n3-PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA's metabolism is defective in APOE4 carriers. Flavanol intake can play a role in modulating DHA levels. However, the impact of flavanol co-supplementation with fish oil on brain DHA uptake, status and partitioning, and according to APOE genotype is currently unknown. Here, using a humanised APOE3 and APOE4 targeted replacement transgenic mouse model, the interactive influence of cocoa flavanols (FLAV) and APOE genotype on the blood and subcortical brain PUFA status following the supplementation of a high fat (HF) enriched with DHA from fish oil (FO) was investigated. DHA levels increased in the blood (p < 0.001) and brain (p = 0.001) following supplementation. Compared to APOE3, a higher red blood cell (RBC) DHA (p < 0.001) was evident in APOE4 mice following FO and FLAV supplementation. Although FO did not increase the percentage of brain DHA in APOE4, a 17.1% (p < 0.05) and 20.0% (p < 0.001) higher DHA level in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) fraction in the HF FO and HF FO FLAV groups, and a 14.5% (p < 0.05) higher DHA level in the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) fraction in the HF FO FLAV group was evident in these animals relative to the HF controls. The addition of FLAV (+/- FO) did not significantly increase the percentage of brain DHA in the group as a whole. However, a higher brain: RBC DHA ratio was evident in APOE3 only (p < 0.05) for HF FLAV versus HF. In conclusion, our data shows only modest effects of FLAV on the brain DHA status, which is limited to APOE3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasha N M Saleh
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Raphael Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Richard Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Glenn Harden
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - James Dick
- Nutrition Analytical Service, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Andriambelo B, Stiffel M, Roke K, Plourde M. New perspectives on randomized controlled trials with omega-3 fatty acid supplements and cognition: A scoping review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101835. [PMID: 36603691 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are known to be important components in a healthy diet and contribute to healthy functioning of the heart and the brain, among other organs. Although there are epidemiological studies on the strong relationship between fish or n-3 FA consumption and lower risk of cognitive decline, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are less consistent. Here, we performed a scoping review on RCTs with n-3 FA supplementation where cognition was evaluated. Seventy-eight RCTs published before April 2022 were included in this review. Among these RCTs, 43.6% reported a positive cognitive outcome after the consumption of n-3 FA compared to the placebo. However, there was a large diversity of populations studied (age ranges and health status), wide range of doses of EPA + DHA supplemented (79 mg/day - 5200 mg/day) and a multitude of tests evaluating cognition, mainly diagnostic tests, that were used to assess cognitive scores and overall cognitive status. RCTs were thereafter categorized into non-cognitively impaired middle-aged adults (n = 24), non-cognitively impaired older adults (n = 24), adults with subjective memory complaints (n = 14), adults with mild cognitive impairments (MCI, n = 9) and people with diagnosed dementia or other cognitive changes (n = 7). Among these categories, 66.7% of RCTs conducted with MCI adults reported a positive cognitive outcome when supplemented with n-3 FA vs. the placebo. Therefore, this scoping review provides rationale and questions to a) strengthen the design of future RCTs with n-3 FA for cognitive outcomes, and b) generate more informative data to support clinicians in their practice in assessing cognition before and after a nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Andriambelo
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - M Stiffel
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - K Roke
- GOED- Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - M Plourde
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, QC, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim is to provide an update on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in preventing cognitive decline and dementia. RECENT FINDINGS Prospective studies and three new meta-analyses suggest that fish or n-3 PUFA intake are associated with a reduction in development of mild cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in those with mild cognitive impairment showed benefit on cognitive decline, whereas there was no benefit in Alzheimer's disease. In cognitively healthy individuals with clinical coronary artery disease (CAD), 3.36 g EPA and DHA daily slowed cognitive ageing by 2.5 years. Of 15 RCTs in cognitively healthy individuals age more than 55 years, seven reported benefit, whereas eight did not. Potential mechanisms for differences in outcomes include dose, trial duration, apolipoproteinE genotype, sex, stage and rate of cognitive decline, cognitive testing employed and individual characteristics. The downstream product of DHA, neuroprotectin D1, may be involved in beneficial effects. SUMMARY Patients with early memory complaints or a family history of dementia and those with CAD should be counselled on the potential benefits of fish intake and supplementation with n-3 PUFA. ApolipoproteinE4 carriers may especially benefit from DHA supplementation prior to development of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine K Welty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Husain MA, Vachon A, Chouinard-Watkins R, Vandal M, Calon F, Plourde M. Investigating the plasma-liver-brain axis of omega-3 fatty acid metabolism in mouse knock-in for the human apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109181. [PMID: 36220526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, is different in carriers of APOE4, the main genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The brain relies on the plasma DHA pool for its need, but the plasma-liver-brain axis in relation to cognition remains obscure. We hypothesized that this relationship is compromised in APOE4 mice considering the differences in fatty acid metabolism between APOE3 and APOE4 mice. Male and female APOE3 and APOE4 mice were fed either a diet enriched with DHA (0.7 g DHA/100 g diet) or a control diet for 8 months. There was a significant genotype × diet interaction for DHA concentration in the liver and adipose tissue. In the cortex, a genotype effect was found where APOE4 mice had a higher concentration of DHA than APOE3 mice fed the control diet. There was a significant genotype × diet interaction for the liver and hippocampal arachidonic acid (AA). APOE4 mice had 20-30% lower plasma DHA and AA concentrations than APOE3 mice, independent of diet. Plasma and liver DHA levels were significantly correlated in APOE3 and APOE4 mice. In APOE4 mice, there was a significant correlation between plasma, adipose tissues, cortex DHA and the Barnes maze and/or with a better recognition index. Moreover, higher AA levels in the liver and the hippocampus of APOE4 mice were correlated with lower cognitive performance. Our results suggest that there is a plasma-liver-brain axis of DHA that is modified in APOE4 mice. Moreover, our data support that APOE4 mice rely more on plasma DHA than APOE3 mice, especially in cognitive performance. Any disturbance in plasma DHA metabolism might have a greater impact on cognition in APOE4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Amir Husain
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annick Vachon
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Milène Vandal
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie et center de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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8
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Abolghasemi A, Carullo MP, Aguilera EC, Laroui A, Plantefeve R, Rojas D, Benachenhou S, Ramírez MV, Proteau-Lemieux M, Lepage JF, Corbin F, Plourde M, Farez M, Cogram P, Çaku A. Alteration of Fatty Acid Profile in Fragile X Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810815. [PMID: 36142726 PMCID: PMC9502195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most prevalent monogenic cause of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Despite a common genetic etiology, the affected individuals display heterogenous metabolic abnormalities including hypocholesterolemia. Although changes in the metabolism of fatty acids (FAs) have been reported in various neuropsychiatric disorders, it has not been explored in humans with FXS. In this study, we investigated the FA profiles of two different groups: (1) an Argentinian group, including FXS individuals and age- and sex-matched controls, and (2) a French-Canadian group, including FXS individuals and their age- and sex-matched controls. Since phospholipid FAs are an indicator of medium-term diet and endogenous metabolism, we quantified the FA profile in plasma phospholipids using gas chromatography. Our results showed significantly lower levels in various plasma FAs including saturated, monosaturated, ω-6 polyunsaturated, and ω-3 polyunsaturated FAs in FXS individuals compared to the controls. A decrease in the EPA/ALA (eicosapentaenoic acid/alpha linoleic acid) ratio and an increase in the DPA/EPA (docosapentaenoic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid) ratio suggest an alteration associated with desaturase and elongase activity, respectively. We conclude that FXS individuals present an abnormal profile of FAs, specifically FAs belonging to the ω-3 family, that might open new avenues of treatment to improve core symptoms of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Abolghasemi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Maria Paulina Carullo
- Department of Child Neurology, Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires C1428AQK, Argentina
| | - Ester Cisneros Aguilera
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Departments of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Asma Laroui
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Rosalie Plantefeve
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Daniela Rojas
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Serine Benachenhou
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - María Victoria Ramírez
- Department of Child Neurology, Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires C1428AQK, Argentina
| | - Mélodie Proteau-Lemieux
- Department of Pediatrics and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lepage
- Department of Pediatrics and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - François Corbin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Departments of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Mauricio Farez
- Department of Child Neurology, Raúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI), Buenos Aires C1428AQK, Argentina
| | - Patricia Cogram
- Biomedicine Division, Centre for Systems Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Santiago 7500588, Chile
| | - Artuela Çaku
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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9
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O'Connor A, Feeney EL, Bhargava N, Noronha N, Gibney ER. Determination of factors associated with serum cholesterol response to dairy fat consumption in overweight adults: Secondary analysis from an RCT. Front Nutr 2022; 9:945723. [PMID: 35990333 PMCID: PMC9382121 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.945723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFA) can adversely affect serum cholesterol levels. Dairy fat contains ~60% SFA, prompting healthy eating guidelines to recommend low-fat dairy. Physiological, and environmental factors influence inter-individual variance in response to food consumption. Evidence exploring the dairy matrix has differing effects of dairy fat consumption on serum cholesterol levels when consumed in the form of cheese. The extent of this variability and determinants of response to dairy fat are currently unknown. The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with lipid metabolism response to a dairy fat intervention, with a focus on serum cholesterol. A 6-week randomized parallel intervention trial was carried out in healthy volunteers (≥50 years, BMI ≥25 kg/m2). Participants (n = 104) consumed ~40 g dairy fat daily in addition to their usual diet, in 1 of 3 forms: butter, cheese, or reduced-fat cheese and butter. For this analysis, “response” was based on the percentage (%) change in serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) from pre- to post-intervention. Participants were divided into tertiles for each lipid response. The upper and lower tertiles were used to categorize participants as “responders” and “non-responders.” For TC and LDL-c, response was classified as a decrease, whereas “response” was defined as an increase for HDL-c. Clinical response was also considered, by calculating pre- and post-intervention prevalence of those meeting target levels of cholesterol recommendations. Participants demonstrating the largest % decrease (Tertile 1; “responders”) in TC had significantly higher levels of TC and HDL-c, at baseline, and lower levels of triglycerides (TAGs) compared to those in tertile 3 (i.e., TC non-responders). Those with the largest % decrease in LDL-c (Tertile 1: LDL-c responders) had higher baseline levels of LDL-c and lower levels of TAGs. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the % change in TC and LDL-c was associated with baseline TC, TAG, body weight and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; P < 0.05). Previous work has demonstrated the dairy food matrix affects lipid response to dairy consumption. This study suggests that phenotypic differences may also influence response to dairy fat in overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen O'Connor
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma L Feeney
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nupur Bhargava
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nessa Noronha
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Maltais M, Lorrain D, Léveillé P, Viens I, Vachon A, Houeto A, Presse N, Plourde M. Long-chain Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and cognitive performance throughout adulthood: A 6-month randomized controlled trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 178:102415. [PMID: 35338847 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation improve cognitive performance and if apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype or age were effect modifiers. METHODS Healthy adults of 20 to 80 years old (n = 193) were completed a 6-month double-blind randomized controlled trial with two groups: 2.5 g/day of n-3 PUFA or a placebo. Primary outcomes were visuospatial ability and working memory and secondary outcomes were episodic memory and executive function, measured at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS Cognitive performances did not significantly differ between groups on primary or secondary outcomes after 6 months of treatment. APOE carriers and age were not effect modifiers for any outcomes. Those with low episodic memory scores and taking the n-3 PUFA supplement, significantly improved their scores (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS A 6-month n-3 PUFA supplementation did not improve cognitive performance in cognitively healthy adults and APOE status or age were not effect modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Maltais
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Lorrain
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Département de Psychologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pauline Léveillé
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Viens
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Annick Vachon
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anita Houeto
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Presse
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud de l'Ile-de-Montréal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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11
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Ma H, Zhou T, Li X, Heianza Y, Qi L. Use of fish oil supplements is differently related to incidence of all-cause and vascular dementia among people with the distinct APOE ε4 dosage. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:731-736. [PMID: 35172255 PMCID: PMC8897253 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS &AIMS Previous studies have shown that marine omega-3 PUFAs (fish oil) supplements was associated with improved cognitive function, whereas the association between use of fish oil supplements and risk of incident dementia was still unclear. We aimed to prospectively assess the relations between use of fish oil supplements and risks of all-cause and disease-specific dementia according to the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 dosage. METHODS A total of 445,961 participants from UK biobank, who were free of dementia at baseline and completed data on supplement use and genetic information were analyzed in this study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) comparing incident dementia rates in participants who did and did not use fish oil. RESULTS During a median of 12.2 years of follow-up, a total of 5795 incident cases of dementia were documented, including 1266 cases of vascular dementia and 2382 cases of AD. After adjustment for covariates, use of fish oil supplements was significantly associated with lower risks of all-cause dementia (Hazard ratios, HR, 95% CI, 0.90, 0.85-0.96) and vascular dementia (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.97), but not AD (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91-1.09). For all-cause dementia and vascular dementia, we found that the protective associations appeared to be attenuated by the increasing APOE ε4 dosage (P-interaction = 0.002 and 0.002, respectively). Notably, the use of fish oil supplements was significantly associated with an 86.0% higher risk of vascular dementia in participants with two APOE-ε4 alleles (HR, 1.86, 95%CI, 1.23-2.80). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that use of fish oil supplements is differently associated with risks of all-cause dementia and vascular dementia according to the APOE ε4 dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Chappus-McCendie H, Poulin MA, Chouinard-Watkins R, Vandal M, Calon F, Lauzon MA, Plourde M. A diet rich in docosahexaenoic acid enhances reactive astrogliosis and ramified microglia morphology in apolipoprotein E epsilon 4-targeted replacement mice. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100046. [PMID: 36908881 PMCID: PMC9997137 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) consumption reduces spatial memory impairment in mice carrying the human apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) allele. The current study evaluated whether astrocyte and microglia morphology contribute to the mechanism of this result. APOE3 and APOE4 mice were fed either a DHA-enriched diet or a control diet from 4 to 12 months of age. Coronal brain sections were immunostained for GFAP, Iba1, and NeuN. Astrocytes from APOE4 mice exhibited signs of reactive astrogliosis compared to APOE3 mice. Consumption of DHA exacerbated reactive astrocyte morphology in APOE4 carriers. Microglia from APOE4-control mice exhibited characteristics of amoeboid morphology and other characteristics of ramified morphology (more processes, greater process complexity, and greater distance between neighboring microglia). DHA enhanced ramified microglia morphology in APOE4 mice. In addition, APOE4 mice fed the DHA diet had lower hippocampal concentrations of interleukin-7, lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and higher concentration of interferon-gamma compared to APOE4-control mice. Our results indicate that a diet rich in DHA enhances reactive astrogliosis and ramified microglia morphology in APOE4 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Chappus-McCendie
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de pharmacologie-physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Poulin
- Département de génie chimique et de génie biotechnologique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de pharmacologie-physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Milène Vandal
- Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Faculté de pharmacie et centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Faculté de pharmacie et centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de génie chimique et de génie biotechnologique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de pharmacologie-physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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13
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Schönknecht YB, Crommen S, Stoffel-Wagner B, Coenen M, Fimmers R, Stehle P, Ramirez A, Egert S. APOE ɛ4 Is Associated with Postprandial Inflammation in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Traits. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113924. [PMID: 34836179 PMCID: PMC8624753 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism impacts blood lipids and biomarkers of oxidation and inflammation, contributing to an isoform-dependent disease risk. We investigated the effect of the APOE genotype on postprandial metabolism after consumption of three different isoenergetic (4200 kJ) meals in older adults with a CVD risk phenotype. In a randomized crossover study, participants with metabolic syndrome traits (APOE E3, n = 39; E4, n = 10; mean age, 70 ± 5 years; BMI 31.3 ± 3.0 kg/m2) consumed a Western-like diet high-fat (WDHF), Western-like diet high-carbohydrate (WDHC), or Mediterranean-like diet (MED) meal. Parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammatory, and oxidative parameters were analyzed in blood samples collected at fasting and 1–5 h postprandially. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. The magnitude of the IL-6 increase after the WDHF meal was significantly higher in E4 than in E3 carriers (iAUC: E4 = 7.76 vs. E3 = 2.81 pg/mL × h). The time to detect the IL-6 increase was shorter in the E4 group. All meals produced postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia, without differences between the E3 and the E4 groups. IL-1β and oxidized LDL levels did not change postprandially. In conclusion, APOE E4 carriers display increased postprandial inflammation, indicated by higher postprandial IL-6 increase, when compared to non-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Bernd Schönknecht
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Silke Crommen
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Martin Coenen
- Clinical Study Core Unit, Study Center Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Peter Stehle
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Nutritional Physiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (Y.B.S.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-228-73-5953
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14
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Abstract
With growing and ageing populations, the incidence of dementia is expected to triple globally by 2050. In the absence of effective drugs to treat or reverse the syndrome, dietary approaches which prevent or delay disease onset have considerable population health potential. Prospective epidemiological studies and mechanistic insight from experimental models strongly support a positive effect of a high fish and long chain n-3 fatty acid (EPA and DHA) intake on a range of cognitive outcomes and dementia risk, with effect sizes equivalent to several years of ageing between the highest and lowest consumers. As reviewed here, an effect of EPA and DHA on neuroinflammation and oxylipin production is likely to in part mediate the neurophysiological benefits. However, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with EPA and DHA supplementation have produced mixed findings. Insight into the likely modulators of response to intervention and factors which should be considered for future RCTs are given. Furthermore, the impact of APOE genotype on disease risk and response to EPA and DHA supplementation is summarised. The prevalence of dementia is several-fold higher in APOE4 females (about 13% Caucasian populations) relative to the general population, who are emerging as a subgroup who may particularly benefit from DHA intervention, prior to the development of significant pathology.
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15
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Saleh RNM, West AL, Ostermann AI, Schebb NH, Calder PC, Minihane AM. APOE Genotype Modifies the Plasma Oxylipin Response to Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in Healthy Individuals. Front Nutr 2021; 8:723813. [PMID: 34604280 PMCID: PMC8484638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.723813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), mediate inflammation in large part by affecting pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving oxylipin concentrations. Common gene variants are thought to underlie the large inter-individual variation in oxylipin levels in response to n-3 PUFA supplementation, which in turn is likely to contribute to the overall heterogeneity in response to n-3 PUFA intervention. Given its known role in inflammation and as a modulator of the physiological response to EPA and DHA, here we explore, for the first time, the differential response of plasma hydroxy-, epoxy- and dihydroxy-arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA oxylipins according to apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype using samples from a dose-response parallel design RCT. Healthy participants were given doses of EPA+DHA equivalent to intakes of 1, 2, and 4 portions of oily fish per week for 12 months. There was no difference in the plasma levels of EPA, DHA or ARA between the wildtype APOE3/E3 and APOE4 carrier groups after 3 or 12 months of n-3 PUFA supplementation. At 12 months, hydroxy EPAs (HEPEs) and hydroxy-DHAs (HDHAs) were higher in APOE4 carriers, with the difference most evident at the highest EPA+DHA intake. A significant APOE*n-3 PUFA dose effect was observed for the CYP-ω hydroxylase products 19-HEPE (p = 0.027) and 20-HEPE (p = 0.011). 8-HEPE, which, along with several other plasma oxylipins, is an activator of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), showed the highest fold change in APOE4 carriers (14-fold) compared to APOE3/E3 (4-fold) (p = 0.014). Low basal plasma EPA levels (EPA < 0.85% of total fatty acids) were associated with a greater change in 5-HEPE, 9-HEPE, 11-HEPE, and 20-HEPE compared to high basal EPA levels (EPA > 1.22% of total fatty acids). In conclusion, APOE genotype modulated the plasma oxylipin response to increased EPA+DHA intake, with APOE4 carriers presenting with the greatest increases following high dose n-3 PUFA supplementation for 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha N M Saleh
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Annette L West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Annika I Ostermann
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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16
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Jin X, Xiong S, Yuan C, Gong E, Zhang X, Yao Y, Leng Y, Niu Z, Zeng Y, Yan LL. Apolipoprotein E Genotype, Meat, Fish, and Egg Intake in Relation to Mortality Among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:697389. [PMID: 34355006 PMCID: PMC8329349 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.697389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The interactions between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and diet pattern changes were found significant in several trials, implying that APOE gene may modify the effect of animal protein-rich food on health outcomes. We aim to study the interaction of APOE genotype with the effect of meat, fish and egg intake on mortality. Methods: This population-based study enrolled 8,506 older adults (mean age: 81.7 years, 52.3% female) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study. The intake frequency of meat, fish and egg was assessed by 3-point questions at baseline. Cox regression was conducted to calculate the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality of intake levels of meat, fish and egg. The analyses were stratified by APOE genotype and sex. The analyses were performed in 2020. Results: In the multivariable-adjusted models, meat and fish intake was associated with all-cause mortality (high vs. low intake: meat: HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.28; fish: HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.95). APOE genotype have significant interactions with meat and fish intake (Ps < 0.05). Compared with low fish intake, high fish intake was associated with lower risk of mortality (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.98) only among the APOE ε4 carriers. High meat intake was significantly associated with higher risks of mortality (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.25) only among the APOE ε4 non-carriers. The interactive relationship was restricted among the male. No significant findings were observed between egg and mortality among carriers or non-carriers. Conclusions: Among Chinese older adults, the significance of associations of mortality with reported meat or fish intake depended on APOE-E4 carriage status. If validated by other studies, our findings provide evidence for gene-based “precision” lifestyle recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurui Jin
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,Mindrank AI Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangzhi Xiong
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- Department of Big Data and Health Science, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enying Gong
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Leng
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | | | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lijing L Yan
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,The George Institute for Global Health, Beijing, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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Zhang Y, Jin X, Lutz MW, Ju SY, Liu K, Guo G, Zeng Y, Yao Y. Interaction between APOE ε4 and dietary protein intake on cognitive decline: A longitudinal cohort study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2716-2725. [PMID: 33933737 PMCID: PMC10106247 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To exam the association of cognitive decline with APOE ε4 allele carriage and dietary protein intake and investigate whether there is a gene-diet (GxD) interaction of APOE ε4 allele carriage and dietary protein intake on cognitive decline in a nationwide cohort of older adults. METHODS A cohort study of participants from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey was conducted from 2008 to 2014. A total of 3029 participants (mean age of 77.0 years, SD = 9.0; 49.3% were women) was enrolled. We genotyped APOE ε4 allele for each participant and calculated the diversity of dietary protein intake (DDPI) by summing up the frequency of intake of the 6 protein-rich foods (meats, fish, eggs, nuts, dairy products, and bean products). We assessed cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We used ordinal regression model to estimate the independent and joint effects of APOE ε4 carrier and dietary protein intake on cognitive decline, adjusting for potential confounders of age, sex, education, socio-economic status, lifestyles, BMI, and cardiometabolic conditions. RESULTS There was significant association between carrying APOE ε4 allele and faster cognitive decline (Odds ratio: 1.19, 95% CI = 1.00-1.42), independent of potential confounders. While the associations of DDPI and the intake of 6 protein-rich foods with cognitive decline did not reach any statistical significance. We observed significant interactions of APOE ε4 with DDPI and fish intake, at multiple correction-adjusted Ps < 0.05. In those who were APOE ε4 carriers rather than non-carriers, both high DDPI (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.88) and daily fish intake (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22-0.78) were significantly associated with slower cognitive decline, respectively. We also found that frequent intake of fish benefits women more than men regarding the mitigating of cognitive decline among APOE ε4 allele carriers (P for interaction = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support the hypothesis that diversified protein food intake in addition to frequent fish intake may reduce the detrimental effect of APOE ε4 on cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China.
| | - Xurui Jin
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215374, China.
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Sang-Yhun Ju
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, 11765, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keyang Liu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Guang Guo
- Department of Sociology, Carolina Population Center, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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18
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Tomaszewski N, He X, Solomon V, Lee M, Mack WJ, Quinn JF, Braskie MN, Yassine HN. Effect of APOE Genotype on Plasma Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Arachidonic Acid, and Hippocampal Volume in the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Sponsored DHA Clinical Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:975-990. [PMID: 32116250 PMCID: PMC7156328 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) play key roles in several metabolic processes relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and neuroinflammation. Carrying the APOEɛ4 allele (APOE4) accelerates omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) oxidation. In a pre-planned subgroup analysis of the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-sponsored DHA clinical trial, APOE4 carriers with mild probable AD had no improvements in cognitive outcomes compared to placebo, while APOE 4 non-carriers showed a benefit from DHA supplementation. OBJECTIVE We sought to clarify the effect of APOEɛ4/ɛ4 on both the ratio of plasma DHA and EPA to AA, and on hippocampal volumes after DHA supplementation. METHODS Plasma fatty acids and APOE genotype were obtained in 275 participants randomized to 18 months of DHA supplementation or placebo. A subset of these participants completed brain MRI imaging (n = 86) and lumbar punctures (n = 53). RESULTS After the intervention, DHA-treated APOEɛ3/ɛ3 and APOEɛ2/ɛ3 carriers demonstrated significantly greater increase in plasma DHA/AA compared to ɛ4/ɛ4 carriers. APOEɛ2/ɛ3 had a greater increase in plasma EPA/AA and less decline in left and right hippocampal volumes compared to compared to ɛ4/ɛ4 carriers. The change in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid DHA/AA was strongly correlated. Greater baseline and increase in plasma EPA/AA was associated with a lower decrease in the right hippocampal volume, but only in APOE 4 non-carriers. CONCLUSION The lower increase in plasma DHA/AA and EPA/AA in APOEɛ4/ɛ4 carriers after DHA supplementation reduces brain delivery and affects the efficacy of DHA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Tomaszewski
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xulei He
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Solomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wendy J. Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland VA Medical Center
| | - Meredith N. Braskie
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hussein N. Yassine
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Hammad SS, Eck P, Sihag J, Chen X, Connelly PW, Lamarche B, Couture P, Guay V, Maltais-Giguère J, West SG, Kris-Etherton PM, Bowen KJ, Jenkins DJA, Taylor CG, Perera D, Wilson A, Castillo S, Zahradka P, Jones PJH. Common Variants in Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes Associate with Fat Mass Changes in Response to Dietary Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Adults with Abdominal Obesity. J Nutr 2019; 149:1749-1756. [PMID: 31291447 PMCID: PMC7443768 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different fatty acids (FAs) can vary in their obesogenic effect, and genetic makeup can contribute to fat deposition in response to dietary FA composition. However, the antiobesogenic effects of the interactions between dietary MUFAs and genetics have scarcely been tested in intervention studies. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the overall (primary outcome) and genetically modulated (secondary outcome) response in body weight and fat mass to different levels of MUFA consumption. METHODS In the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial II, a randomized, crossover, isocaloric, controlled-feeding multicenter trial, 44 men and 71 women with a mean age of 44 y and an increased waist circumference (men ∼108 cm and women ∼102 cm) consumed each of 3 oils for 6 wk, separated by four 12-wk washout periods. Oils included 2 high-MUFA oils-conventional canola and high-oleic canola (<7% SFAs, >65% MUFAs)-and 1 low-MUFA/high-SFA oil blend (40.2% SFAs, 22.0% MUFAs). Body fat was measured using DXA. Five candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using qualitative PCR. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures mixed model. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in adiposity measures following the consumption of either high-MUFA diet compared with the low-MUFA/high-SFA treatment. However, when stratified by genotype, 3 SNPs within lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adiponectin, and apoE genes influenced, separately, fat mass changes in response to treatment (n = 101). Mainly, the LPL rs13702-CC genotype was associated with lower visceral fat (high-MUFA: -216.2 ± 58.6 g; low-MUFA: 17.2 ± 81.1 g; P = 0.017) and android fat mass (high-MUFA: -267.3 ± 76.4 g; low-MUFA: -21.7 ± 102.2 g; P = 0.037) following average consumption of the 2 high-MUFA diets. CONCLUSIONS Common variants in LPL, adiponectin, and apoE genes modulated body fat mass response to dietary MUFAs in an isocaloric diet in adults with abdominal obesity. These findings might eventually help in developing personalized dietary recommendations for weight control. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02029833 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02029833?cond=NCT02029833&rank=1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha S Hammad
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Eck
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jyoti Sihag
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Guay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Maltais-Giguère
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sheila G West
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kate J Bowen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Danielle Perera
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Angela Wilson
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sandra Castillo
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Address correspondence to PJHJ (E-mail: )
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20
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Personalised nutrition - phenotypic and genetic variation in response to dietary intervention. Proc Nutr Soc 2019; 79:236-245. [PMID: 31549601 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665119001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Personalised nutrition allows individual differences in dietary, lifestyle, anthropometry, phenotype and/or genomic profile to be used to direct specific dietary advice. For personalised nutrition advice to be effective both sides need to be considered; firstly, that factors influencing variation in response to dietary intervention are identified and appropriate advice can be derived and secondly; that these are then used effectively in the provision of nutrition advice, resulting in a positive dietary and/or lifestyle behaviour change. There is considerable evidence demonstrating genetic and phenotypic influence on the biological response to the consumption of nutrients and bioactives. However, findings are often mixed, with studies often investigating at the level of a single nutrient/bioactive and/or a single genetic/phenotypic variation, meaning the derivation of specific advice at a dietary level in an individual/group of individuals can be complex. Similarly, the impact of using this information to derive personalised advice is also mixed, with some studies demonstrating no effectiveness and others showing a significant impact. The present paper will outline examples of phenotypic and genetic variation influencing response to nutritional interventions, and will consider how they could be used in the provision of personalised nutrition.
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21
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Chappus-McCendie H, Chevalier L, Roberge C, Plourde M. Omega-3 PUFA metabolism and brain modifications during aging. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109662. [PMID: 31152862 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In Canada, 5.5 million (16% of Canadians) adults are >65 years old and projections suggest this number will be approximately 20% of Canadians by 2024. A major concern regarding old age is a decline in health, especially if this entails a loss of self-sufficiency and independence caused by a decline in cognition. The brain contains 60% of fat and is one of the most concentrated organs in long chain omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). During aging, there are physiological modifications in the metabolism of lipids that could also have consequences on brain structure and levels of DHA. This review will hence discuss the physiological modifications in the metabolism of lipids during aging with a focus on long chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and also outline the structural and functional modifications of the brain during aging including brain lipid modifications and its relation to higher levels of DHA and cognition. Therefore, in this review, we outline the importance of collecting more data on the biology of aging since it might highly improve our understanding about what are «normal» modifications occurring during aging and what can become pathological.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Chappus-McCendie
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Laurie Chevalier
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Claude Roberge
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke J1H 4C4, Canada.
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22
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Huang T, Wang T, Heianza Y, Zheng Y, Sun D, Kang JH, Pasquale LR, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Hu FB, Qi L. Habitual consumption of long-chain n-3 PUFAs and fish attenuates genetically associated long-term weight gain. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:665-673. [PMID: 30629107 PMCID: PMC6408206 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing amount of data suggests that n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake may modify the genetic association with weight change. OBJECTIVES We aimed to prospectively test interactions of habitual consumption of n-3 PUFAs or fish, the major food source, with overall genetic susceptibility on long-term weight change. DESIGN Gene-diet interactions were examined in 11,330 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), 6773 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), and 6254 women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). RESULTS In the NHS and HPFS cohorts, food-sourced long-chain n-3 PUFA intake showed directionally consistent interactions with genetic risk score on long-term changes in BMI (P-interaction = 0.01 in the HPFS, 0.15 in the NHS, and 0.01 in both cohorts combined). Such interactions were successfully replicated in the WHI, an independent cohort (P-interaction = 0.02 in the WHI and 0.01 in the combined 3 cohorts). The genetic associations with changes in BMI (in kg/m2) consistently decreased (0.15, 0.10, 0.07, and -0.14 per 10 BMI-increasing alleles) across the quartiles of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in the combined cohorts. In addition, high fish intake also attenuated the genetic associations with long-term changes in BMI in the HPFS (P-interaction = 0.01), NHS (P-interaction = 0.03), WHI (P-interaction = 0.10), and the combined cohorts (P-interaction = 0.01); and the differences in BMI changes per 10 BMI-increasing alleles were 0.16, 0.06, -0.08, and -0.18, respectively, across the categories (≤1, 1∼4, 4∼6, and ≥7 servings/wk) of total fish intake. Similar interactions on body weight were observed for fish intake (P-interaction = 0.003) and long-chain n-3 PUFA intake (P-interaction = 0.12). CONCLUSION Our study provides replicable evidence to show that high intakes of fish and long-chain n-3 PUFAs are associated with an attenuation of the genetic association with long-term weight gain based on results from 3 prospective cohorts of Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Beijing, China,Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Beijing, China,Global Health Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Nutrition, Boston, MA,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Nutrition, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Nutrition, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Nutrition, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA,Department of Nutrition, Boston, MA,Address correspondence to LQ (e-mail: )
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23
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Griffin BA, Walker CG, Jebb SA, Moore C, Frost GS, Goff L, Sanders TAB, Lewis F, Griffin M, Gitau R, Lovegrove JA. APOE4 Genotype Exerts Greater Benefit in Lowering Plasma Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B than Wild Type (E3/E3), after Replacement of Dietary Saturated Fats with Low Glycaemic Index Carbohydrates. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101524. [PMID: 30336580 PMCID: PMC6213759 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the impact of APOE genotype on plasma lipids and glucose in a secondary analysis of data from a five-arm, randomised controlled, parallel dietary intervention trial ('RISCK' study), to investigate the impact of replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with either monounsaturated fat (MUFA) or carbohydrate of high or low glycaemic index (GI) on CVD risk factors and insulin sensitivity. We tested the impact of APOE genotype (carriage of E2 and E4 alleles versus E3/E3), determined retrospectively, on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and glucose homeostasis at baseline (n = 469), and on the change in these variables after 24 weeks of dietary intervention (n = 389). At baseline, carriers of E2 (n = 70), E4 (n = 125) and E3/E3 (n = 274) expressed marked differences in total plasma cholesterol (TC, p = 0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p < 0.0001), apolipoprotein B (apo B, p < 0.0001) and total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC:HDL-C, p = 0.002), with plasma concentrations decreasing in the order E4 > E3/E3 > E2. Following intervention, there was evidence of a significant diet x genotype interaction with significantly greater decreases in TC (p = 0.02) and apo B (p = 0.006) among carriers of E4 when SFA was replaced with low GI carbohydrate on a lower fat diet (TC -0.28 mmol/L p = 0.03; apo B -0.1 g/L p = 0.02), and a relative increase in TC (in comparison to E3/E3) when SFA was replaced with MUFA and high GI carbohydrates (TC 0.3 mmol/L, p = 0.03). Among carriers of E2 (compared with E3/E3) there was an increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) when SFA was replaced with MUFA and low GI carbohydrates 0.46 mmol/L p = 0.001). There were no significant interactions between APOE genotype and diet for changes in indices of glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, variations in APOE genotype led to differential effects on the lipid response to the replacement of SFA with MUFA and low GI carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Griffin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK.
| | - Celia G Walker
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Carmel Moore
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
| | - Gary S Frost
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Imperial College London, London W12 OHS, UK.
| | - Louise Goff
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Imperial College London, London W12 OHS, UK.
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Kings College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Tom A B Sanders
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Kings College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Fiona Lewis
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Kings College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Margaret Griffin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK.
| | - Rachel Gitau
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
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24
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The effect of APOE genotype on Alzheimer's disease risk is influenced by sex and docosahexaenoic acid status. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 69:209-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and globally. There is significant evidence implicating genetic and dietary factors in the development and progression of CVD and its risk factors. Nutritional genomics is a comparatively new field of science that focuses on the relationship of individual genetic variation with response to nutrition. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent progress, in the field of nutritional genomics as it relates to cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence from recent studies has shown significant effects of gene-diet interactions on CVD biomarkers and the development and progression of CVD. The cardiovascular effects of gene-nutrient interactions with respect to macronutrients and genes such as FTO, ACE, PPARs, TCF7L2, BDNF, MC4R, APOAs, FADS, etc. have shown consistent results across age groups and populations whereas gene-nutrient interaction effects of other genes have only been limited to specific ages, genders or populations and need to validated and confirmed. SUMMARY The identification of individual genetic variation influencing diet-related CVD risk is important and may inform future nutritional intervention studies. Although there is ample scientific evidence indicating that the genetic susceptibility to CVD can be modified by diet, we are still not at a stage where this information is easily translated into dietary plans. Thus, there is a need for better approaches to achieve precision in dietary data collection and streamline computational approaches for meaningful and effective nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Suite 3150, Kannapolis, NC 28081
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26
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Association of oily fish intake, sex, age, BMI and APOE genotype with plasma long-chain n-3 fatty acid composition. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:23-32. [PMID: 29729672 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451800106x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
n-3 Fatty acids are associated with better cardiovascular and cognitive health. However, the concentration of EPA, DPA and DHA in different plasma lipid pools differs and factors influencing this heterogeneity are poorly understood. Our aim was to evaluate the association of oily fish intake, sex, age, BMI and APOE genotype with concentrations of EPA, DPA and DHA in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC), NEFA, cholesteryl esters (CE) and TAG. Healthy adults (148 male, 158 female, age 20-71 years) were recruited according to APOE genotype, sex and age. The fatty acid composition was determined by GC. Oily fish intake was positively associated with EPA in PC, CE and TAG, DPA in TAG, and DHA in all fractions (P≤0·008). There was a positive association between age and EPA in PC, CE and TAG, DPA in NEFA and CE, and DHA in PC and CE (P≤0·034). DPA was higher in TAG in males than females (P<0·001). There was a positive association between BMI and DPA and DHA in TAG (P<0·006 and 0·02, respectively). APOE genotype×sex interactions were observed: the APOE4 allele associated with higher EPA in males (P=0·002), and there was also evidence for higher DPA and DHA (P≤0·032). In conclusion, EPA, DPA and DHA in plasma lipids are associated with oily fish intake, sex, age, BMI and APOE genotype. Such insights may be used to better understand the link between plasma fatty acid profiles and dietary exposure and may influence intake recommendations across population subgroups.
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27
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Brain docosahexaenoic acid uptake and metabolism. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:109-134. [PMID: 29305120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain where it serves to regulate several important processes and, in addition, serves as a precursor to bioactive mediators. Given that the capacity of the brain to synthesize DHA locally is appreciably low, the uptake of DHA from circulating lipid pools is essential to maintaining homeostatic levels. Although, several plasma pools have been proposed to supply the brain with DHA, recent evidence suggests non-esterified-DHA and lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA are the primary sources. The uptake of DHA into the brain appears to be regulated by a number of complementary pathways associated with the activation and metabolism of DHA, and may provide mechanisms for enrichment of DHA within the brain. Following entry into the brain, DHA is esterified into and recycled amongst membrane phospholipids contributing the distribution of DHA in brain phospholipids. During neurotransmission and following brain injury, DHA is released from membrane phospholipids and converted to bioactive mediators which regulate signaling pathways important to synaptogenesis, cell survival, and neuroinflammation, and may be relevant to treating neurological diseases. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive overview of brain DHA metabolism, encompassing many of the pathways and key enzymatic regulators governing brain DHA uptake and metabolism. In addition, we focus on the release of non-esterified DHA and subsequent production of bioactive mediators and the evidence of their proposed activity within the brain. We also provide a brief review of the evidence from post-mortem brain analyses investigating DHA levels in the context of neurological disease and mood disorder, highlighting the current disparities within the field.
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28
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Pizzini A, Lunger L, Demetz E, Hilbe R, Weiss G, Ebenbichler C, Tancevski I. The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Reverse Cholesterol Transport: A Review. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101099. [PMID: 28984832 PMCID: PMC5691715 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on cardiovascular disease have been studied extensively. However, it remains unclear to what extent n-3 PUFAs may impact Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT). RCT describes a mechanism by which excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues is transported to the liver for hepatobiliary excretion, thereby inhibiting foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the literature and to provide an updated overview of the effects of n-3 PUFAs on key players in RCT, including apoliprotein AI (apoA-I), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ABCG1, apoE, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and ABCG5/G8. Based on current knowledge, we conclude that n-3 PUFAs may beneficially affect RCT, mainly by influencing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) remodeling and by promoting hepatobiliary sterol excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pizzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lukas Lunger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christoph Ebenbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Modulates Obesity and Interacts with Obesity-Related Genes. Lipids 2017; 52:803-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Maki KC, Palacios OM, Bell M, Toth PP. Use of supplemental long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and risk for cardiac death: An updated meta-analysis and review of research gaps. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1152-1160.e2. [PMID: 28818347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing use of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-OM3), primarily eicosapentaenoic acid, and/or docosahexaenoic acid have shown mixed results. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study were to update and further explore the available RCT data regarding LC-OM3 supplementation and risk for cardiac death and to propose testable hypotheses for the mixed results obtained in RCTs regarding supplemental LC-OM3 use and cardiac risk. METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Ovid/MEDLINE for RCTs assessing LC-OM3 supplements or pharmaceuticals with intervention periods of at least 6 months and reporting on the outcome of cardiac death. Meta-analysis was used to compare cumulative frequencies of cardiac death events between the LC-OM3 and control groups, including sensitivity and subset analyses. RESULTS Fourteen RCTs were identified for the primary analysis (71,899 subjects). In the LC-OM3 arms, 1613 cardiac deaths were recorded (4.48% of subjects), compared with 1746 cardiac deaths in the control groups (4.87% of subjects). The pooled relative risk estimate showed an 8.0% (95% confidence interval 1.6%, 13.9%, P = .015) lower risk in the LC-OM3 arms vs controls. Subset analyses showed numerically larger effects (12.9%-29.1% lower risks, all P < .05) in subsets of RCTs with eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid dosages >1 g/d and higher risk samples (secondary prevention, baseline mean or median triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL, statin use <40% of subjects). Heterogeneity was low (I2 ≤ 15.5%, P > .05) for the primary and subset analyses. CONCLUSION LC-OM3 supplementation is associated with a modest reduction in cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Glen Ellyn, IL, USA.
| | - Orsolya M Palacios
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Glen Ellyn, IL, USA
| | - Marjorie Bell
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Glen Ellyn, IL, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA; Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Léveillé P, Chouinard-Watkins R, Windust A, Lawrence P, Cunnane SC, Brenna JT, Plourde M. Metabolism of uniformly labeled 13C-eicosapentaenoic acid and 13C-arachidonic acid in young and old men. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:467-474. [PMID: 28659301 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.154708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations increase with age.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate EPA and AA metabolism in young and old men by using uniformly labeled carbon-13 (13C) fatty acids.Design: Six young (∼25 y old) and 6 old (∼75 y old) healthy men were recruited. Each participant consumed a single oral dose of 35 mg 13C-EPA and its metabolism was followed in the course of 14 d in the plasma and 28 d in the breath. After the washout period of ≥28 d, the same participants consumed a single oral dose of 50 mg 13C-AA and its metabolism was followed for 28 d in plasma and breath.Results: There was a time × age interaction for 13C-EPA (Ptime × age = 0.008), and the shape of the postprandial curves was different between young and old men. The 13C-EPA plasma half-life was ∼2 d for both young and old men (P = 0.485). The percentage dose recovered of 13C-EPA per hour as 13CO2 and the cumulative β-oxidation of 13C-EPA did not differ between young and old men. At 7 d, however, old men had a >2.2-fold higher plasma 13C-DHA concentration synthesized from 13C-EPA compared with young men (Page = 0.03). 13C-AA metabolism was not different between young and old men. The 13C-AA plasma half-life was ∼4.4 d in both young and old participants (P = 0.589).Conclusions: The metabolism of 13C-AA was not modified by age, whereas 13C-EPA metabolism was slightly but significantly different in old compared with young men. The higher plasma 13C-DHA seen in old men may be a result of slower plasma DHA clearance with age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02957188.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Léveillé
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology.,Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology.,Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and.,Dell Medical School, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; .,Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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Nock TG, Chouinard-Watkins R, Plourde M. Carriers of an apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele are more vulnerable to a dietary deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive decline. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1068-1078. [PMID: 28733268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Carriers of an epsilon 4 allele (E4) of apolipoprotein E (APOE) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) earlier than carriers of other APOE alleles. The metabolism of plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), an omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA), taken up by the brain and concentrated in neurons, is disrupted in E4 carriers, resulting in lower levels of brain DHA. Behavioural and cognitive impairments have been observed in animals with lower brain DHA levels, with emphasis on loss of spatial memory and increased anxiety. E4 mice provided a diet deficient in n-3 FA had a greater depletion of n-3 FA levels in organs and tissues than mice carrying other APOE alleles. However, providing n-3 FA can restore levels of brain DHA in E4 animals and in other models of n-3 FA deficiency. In E4 carriers, supplementation with DHA as early as possible might help to prevent the onset of AD and could halt the progression of, and reverse some of the neurological and behavioural consequences of their higher vulnerability to n-3 FA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Gwendolyn Nock
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada.
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Chouinard-Watkins R, Vandal M, Léveillé P, Pinçon A, Calon F, Plourde M. Docosahexaenoic acid prevents cognitive deficits in human apolipoprotein E epsilon 4-targeted replacement mice. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 57:28-35. [PMID: 28595105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
At a population level, dietary consumption of fish rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with prevention of cognitive decline but this association is not clear in carriers of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (E4). Plasma and liver DHA concentrations show significant alterations in E4 carriers, in part corrected by DHA supplementation. However, whether DHA sufficiency in E4 carriers has consequences on cognition is unknown. Mice expressing human E4 or apolipoprotein E epsilon 3 allele (E3) were fed either a control diet or a diet containing DHA for 8 months and cognitive performance was tested using the object recognition test and the Barnes maze test. In E4 mice fed the control diet, impaired memory was detected and arachidonic acid concentrations were elevated in the hippocampus compared to E3 mice fed the control diet. DHA consumption prevented memory decline and restored arachidonic acid concentrations in the hippocampus of E4 mice. Our results suggest that long-term high-dose DHA intake may prevent cognitive decline in E4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Research Center on Aging, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'estrie-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Department of Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Milène Vandal
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Pauline Léveillé
- Research Center on Aging, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'estrie-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Anthony Pinçon
- Research Center on Aging, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'estrie-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'estrie-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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Beyer F, Kharabian Masouleh S, Huntenburg JM, Lampe L, Luck T, Riedel-Heller SG, Loeffler M, Schroeter ML, Stumvoll M, Villringer A, Witte AV. Higher body mass index is associated with reduced posterior default mode connectivity in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:3502-3515. [PMID: 28397392 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex neurobehavioral disorder that has been linked to changes in brain structure and function. However, the impact of obesity on functional connectivity and cognition in aging humans is largely unknown. Therefore, the association of body mass index (BMI), resting-state network connectivity, and cognitive performance in 712 healthy, well-characterized older adults of the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE) cohort (60-80 years old, mean BMI 27.6 kg/m2 ± 4.2 SD, main sample: n = 521, replication sample: n = 191) was determined. Statistical analyses included a multivariate model selection approach followed by univariate analyses to adjust for possible confounders. Results showed that a higher BMI was significantly associated with lower default mode functional connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. The effect remained stable after controlling for age, sex, head motion, registration quality, cardiovascular, and genetic factors as well as in replication analyses. Lower functional connectivity in BMI-associated areas correlated with worse executive function. In addition, higher BMI correlated with stronger head motion. Using 3T neuroimaging in a large cohort of healthy older adults, independent negative associations of obesity and functional connectivity in the posterior default mode network were observed. In addition, a subtle link between lower resting-state connectivity in BMI-associated regions and cognitive function was found. The findings might indicate that obesity is associated with patterns of decreased default mode connectivity similar to those seen in populations at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3502-3515, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Subproject A1, Collaborative Research Centre 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Julia M Huntenburg
- Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy and Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leonie Lampe
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Luck
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Subproject A1, Collaborative Research Centre 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,IFB Adiposity Diseases Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Subproject A1, Collaborative Research Centre 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Subproject A1, Collaborative Research Centre 1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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35
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Slim KE, Vauzour D, Tejera N, Voshol PJ, Cassidy A, Minihane AM. The effect of dietary fish oil on weight gain and insulin sensitivity is dependent on APOE genotype in humanized targeted replacement mice. FASEB J 2017; 31:989-997. [PMID: 27895108 PMCID: PMC5295733 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600921rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the independent and interactive impact of the common APOE genotype and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the development of obesity and associated cardiometabolic dysfunction in a murine model. Human APOE3 and APOE4 targeted replacement mice were fed either a control high-fat diet (HFD) or an HFD supplemented with 3% n-3 PUFAs from fish oil (HFD + FO) for 8 wk. We established the impact of intervention on food intake, body weight, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass; plasma, lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), liver enzymes, and adipokines; glucose and insulin during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; and Glut4 and ApoE expression in VAT. HFD feeding induced more weight gain and higher plasma lipids in APOE3 compared to APOE4 mice (P < 0.05), along with a 2-fold higher insulin and impaired glucose tolerance. Supplementing APOE3, but not APOE4, animals with dietary n-3 PUFAs decreased body-weight gain, plasma lipids, and insulin (P < 0.05) and improved glucose tolerance, which was associated with increased VAT Glut4 mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that an APOE3 genotype predisposes mice to develop obesity and its metabolic complications, which was attenuated by n-3 PUFA supplementation.-Slim, K. E., Vauzour, D., Tejera, N., Voshol, P. J., Cassidy, A., Minihane, A. M. The effect of dietary fish oil on weight gain and insulin sensitivity is dependent on APOE genotype in humanized targeted replacement mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenna E Slim
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Noemi Tejera
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Voshol
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Louis Bolk Institute, Driebergen, The Netherlands; and
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom;
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Improvement of cardiometabolic markers after fish oil intervention in young Mexican adults and the role of PPARα L162V and PPARγ2 P12A. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:98-106. [PMID: 28282585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contained in fish oil (FO) are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) that may induce changes in cardiometabolic markers. Variation in PPAR genes may influence the beneficial responses linked to FO supplementation in young adults. The study aimed to analyze the effect of FO supplementation on glucose metabolism, circulating lipids and inflammation according to PPARα L162V and PPARγ2 P12A genotypes in young Mexican adults. 191 young, non-smoking subjects between 18 and 40 years were included in a one-arm study. Participants were supplemented with 2.7 g/day of EPA+DHA, during six weeks. Dietary analysis, body composition measurements and indicators for glucose metabolism, circulating lipids, and markers for inflammation were analyzed before and after intervention. An overall decrease in triglycerides (TG) and an increase in HS-ω3 index were observed in all subjects [-4.1 mg/dL, (SD:±51.7), P=.02 and 2.6%, (SD:±1.2), P<.001 respectively]. Mean fasting insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) were significantly decreased in all subjects [-0.547mlU/L, (SD:±10.29), P=.034 and-0.07%, (SD:±0.3), P<.001 respectively], whereas there was no change in body composition, fasting glucose, adiponectin and inflammatory markers. Subjects carrying the minor alleles of PPARα L162V and PPARγ2 P12A had higher responses in reduction of TG and fasting insulin respectively. Interestingly, doses below 2.7 g/day (1.8 g/day) were sufficient to induce a significant reduction in fasting insulin and HbA1c% from baseline (P=.019 and P<.001). The observed responses in triglycerides and fasting insulin in the Mexican population give further evidence of the importance of FO supplementation in young people as an early step towards the prevention of cardiometabolic disease.
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Chouinard-Watkins R, Pinçon A, Coulombe JD, Spencer R, Massenavette L, Plourde M. A Diet Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid Restores Liver Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Concentrations in Mice Homozygous for the Human Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele. J Nutr 2016; 146:1315-21. [PMID: 27306896 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.230052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolism of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) is disturbed in carriers of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele (APOE4). More specifically, APOE4 carriers are lower responders to ω-3 (n-3) LC-PUFA supplementation; this might be because LC-PUFA transport into cells or β-oxidation is disturbed. However, high doses of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) seem to restore DHA homeostasis in APOE4 carriers, but the contribution of hepatic fatty acid (FA) transporters is unknown. OBJECTIVES With the use of mice carrying human APOE isoforms, we sought to investigate whether a DHA-rich diet could restore DHA homeostasis in APOE4 mice and whether this involved hepatic FA transporters. METHODS Male and female mice homozygous for the APOE ε2 allele, APOE ε3 allele (APOE3), and APOE4 were fed either a diet enriched with DHA (0.7 g DHA/100 g diet) or a control diet for 8 mo and were killed at 12 mo of age. Liver and plasma FA profiles were measured by GC, and FA transporter expression was evaluated by Western immunoblotting. RESULTS There was a significant genotype × diet interaction for hepatic concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA (P = 0.005 and P = 0.002, respectively) and a trend toward an interaction for liver expression of fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) (P-interaction = 0.05). APOE4 mice had 60-100% higher liver AA, DHA, and FABP1 than did APOE3 mice, but only when fed the control diet. Independent of diet, APOE4 mice had 20-30% lower plasma concentrations of AA and DHA than did APOE3 mice. Overall, mice fed the DHA diet had 50% lower concentrations of liver total FAs than did mice fed the control diet. CONCLUSIONS These findings in transgenic mice suggest that a long-term diet rich in DHA suppresses the APOE4-specific disturbances in hepatic transport and concentration of AA and DHA and also reduces hepatic total FA concentrations, regardless of genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; and Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and
| | - Anthony Pinçon
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; and Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and
| | - Jean-Denis Coulombe
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; and Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and
| | - Riley Spencer
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; and
| | - Laurence Massenavette
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; and Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; and Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Hanson JA, Lin YH, Dretsch MN, Strandjord SE, Haub MD, Hibbeln JR. Whole food, functional food, and supplement sources of omega-3 fatty acids and omega-3 HUFA scores among U.S. soldiers. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Impact of Genotype on EPA and DHA Status and Responsiveness to Increased Intakes. Nutrients 2016; 8:123. [PMID: 26950146 PMCID: PMC4808853 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
At a population level, cardioprotective and cognitive actions of the fish oil (FO) derived long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been extensively demonstrated. In addition to dietary intake, which is limited for many individuals, EPA and DHA status is dependent on the efficiency of their biosynthesis from α-linolenic acid. Gender and common gene variants have been identified as influencing the rate-limiting desaturase and elongase enzymes. Response to a particular intake or status is also highly heterogeneous and likely influenced by genetic variants which impact on EPA and DHA metabolism and tissue partitioning, transcription factor activity, or physiological end-point regulation. Here, available literature relating genotype to tissue LC n-3 PUFA status and response to FO intervention is considered. It is concluded that the available evidence is relatively limited, with much of the variability unexplained, though APOE and FADS genotypes are emerging as being important. Although genotype × LC n-3 PUFA interactions have been described for a number of phenotypes, few have been confirmed in independent studies. A more comprehensive understanding of the genetic, physiological and behavioural modulators of EPA and DHA status and response to intervention is needed to allow refinement of current dietary LC n-3 PUFA recommendations and stratification of advice to “vulnerable” and responsive subgroups.
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Marx I, Alexopoulos P, Irmisch G, Topalidis S, Syrgiannis Z, Herpertz SC, Cohrs S. Altered serum fatty acid composition in geriatric depression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 124:119-126. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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