1
|
Dansou DM, Zhang H, Yu Y, Wang H, Tang C, Zhao Q, Qin Y, Zhang J. Carotenoid enrichment in eggs: From biochemistry perspective. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:315-333. [PMID: 37635928 PMCID: PMC10448277 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of safe and functional eggs for consumer acceptance has gained focus. The production of carotenoid-enriched eggs has received attention due to its multifunctional biological properties. Nutritional modification of laying hens' diet can be a strategy to produce such eggs. This review presents the chemistry of carotenoids in nature and eggs, the accumulation process of carotenoids into eggs, and the functions of carotenoids in eggs. Our findings showed that carotenoids can be deposited into the egg and contribute to improving its nutritive value. The biosynthesis, chemical structure, and metabolism pathways of carotenoids lead to the deposition of carotenoids into eggs in their original or metabolized forms. Also, some factors modulate the efficiency of carotenoids in fowls before accumulation into eggs. Carotenoid-enriched eggs may be promising, ensuring the availability of highly nutritive eggs. However, further studies are still needed to comprehend the full metabolism process and the extensive functions of carotenoids in eggs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné M. Dansou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sekiya M, Suzuki S, Ushida Y, Sato I, Suganuma H. Neoxanthin is undetectable in human blood after ingestion of fresh young spinach leaf. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288143. [PMID: 37467249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that the carotenoid neoxanthin was contained in young leafy vegetables including spinach and showed a fat accumulation inhibitory effect in vitro. To evaluate the bioavailability of neoxanthin, a raw young spinach leaf (100 g day-1 for 4 weeks) intake test was performed on 14 participants (36.5 ± 8.0 years; male:female ratio = 9:5). Neoxanthin, neochrome, β-carotene, and lutein concentration in the spinach and blood of participants (before and after the test) was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Neither neoxanthin nor neochrome was detected in the blood samples, whereas β-carotene and lutein concentration significantly increased (1.4- and 1.9-fold, respectively) during testing. Neoxanthin bioavailability in humans is low; thus, it is unlikely to have a fat accumulation inhibitory effect in vivo, contrary to the result in vitro. Ingesting the leafy vegetables raw can help maintain high neoxanthin levels, but it is not beneficial for neoxanthin bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Sekiya
- Innovation Division, Nature & Wellness Research Department, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigenori Suzuki
- Innovation Division, Nature & Wellness Research Department, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Innovation Division, Nature & Wellness Research Department, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Sato
- International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Innovation Division, Nature & Wellness Research Department, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effects of dietary fat type and emulsification on carotenoid absorption: a randomized crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:1017-1025. [PMID: 36921903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although emerging evidence has suggested that the type and emulsification of dietary fat may be important to carotenoids absorption, these effects have not yet been validated in a human trial. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the effects of dietary fat type and emulsification on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids from a carotenoids-rich salad. METHODS An identical salad was used for the in vitro and the human trial. This was paired with 28 g of one of the following four different fats: i) non-emulsified olive oil; ii) emulsified olive oil; (iv) non-emulsified coconut oil; v) emulsified coconut oil. The bioaccessibility of total carotenoids (TC) was assessed by a simulated in vitro digestion model. Sixteen subjects consumed salad with four test fats in random order, and plasma triglyceride and carotenoid (lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene) concentrations were determined hourly for 10 hours following the consumption. The absorption of TC and individual carotenoids were evaluated by the positive incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of plasma carotenoid concentrations. RESULTS The bioaccessibility of TC was greater with olive oil (24.0%) than with coconut oil (14.9%), and with the oil being emulsified (23.5%) rather than non-emulsified (15.4%). Likewise, the positive iAUC1-10h of TC, α-carotene and lycopene were 55.2%, 110.8% and 45.8%, respectively, higher with olive oil than with coconut oil. Emulsified fat induced 40.0% greater positive iAUC1-10h of TC than non-emulsified fat. CONCLUSIONS The type and emulsification of dietary fat are both essential to the carotenoid absorption. Findings from this study may provide scientific support for designing excipient emulsions as potential dietary strategies to optimize the absorption of fat-soluble compounds. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY The present trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04323826), link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04323826.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sugihara N, Shirai Y, Imai T, Sezaki A, Abe C, Kawase F, Miyamoto K, Inden A, Kato T, Sanada M, Shimokata H. The Global Association between Egg Intake and the Incidence and Mortality of Ischemic Heart Disease-An Ecological Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4138. [PMID: 36901143 PMCID: PMC10001696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between egg consumption and ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains controversial as there is still no clear answer regarding the relationship, with research limited to a few geographical regions. In the current study, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of the association between egg intake and IHD incidence (IHDi) and mortality (IHDd) using 28 years of international data from 1990 to 2018. Egg intake (g/day/capita) by country was obtained from the Global Dietary Database. Age-standard IHDi and IHDd rates per 100,000 subjects in each country were obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease database. The analysis included a total of 142 countries with populations of at least one million, for which all data were available from 1990 to 2018. Eggs are consumed worldwide, and regional differences in consumption are also shown. Utilizing IHDi and IHDd as objective variables and egg intake as an explanatory variable, the analysis was conducted using linear mixed models, which controlled for inter- and intra-country variation from year to year. The results showed a significant negative association between egg intake, and IHDi (-0.253 ± 0.117, p < 0.05) and IHDd (-0.359 ± 0.137, p < 0.05). The analysis was carried out using R 4.0.5. The results suggest that adequate egg intake might suppress IHDi and IHDd on a global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norie Sugihara
- Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka 238-8550, Japan
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Shirai
- Department of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
| | - Tomoko Imai
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto 602-0893, Japan
| | - Ayako Sezaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Ryukoku University, Otsu 520-2194, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
| | - Chisato Abe
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tsu City College, Tsu 514-0112, Japan
| | - Fumiya Kawase
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Asuke Hospital Aichi Prefectural Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Toyota 444-2351, Japan
| | - Keiko Miyamoto
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan
| | - Ayaka Inden
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Hamamatsu University Hospital, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takumi Kato
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Nutrition Division, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya 466-8650, Japan
| | - Masayo Sanada
- Department of Nursing, Heisei College of Health Sciences, Gifu 501-1131, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dietary vitamins, carotenoids and their sources in relation to age-related macular degeneration risk in China: a population-based case-control study. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1804-1811. [PMID: 35894297 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies have suggested that antioxidants have beneficial effects on age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study aimed to investigate the association between the types and sources of dietary vitamin and carotenoid intakes and AMD risk in China. A matched case-control study of 260 AMD cases and 260 matched controls was performed. The participants were interviewed for dietary information and potential confounders, and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed. Conditional logistic models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of specific vitamins and carotenoids and their main sources. When comparing the extreme quartiles, the ORs (95 % CI) were 0·30 (0·10, 0·88) for lutein and 0·28 (0·11, 0·74) for β-cryptoxanthin. The associations for other dietary vitamin and carotenoid intakes were generally weaker and non-significant. Higher intakes of spinach and egg, which are important sources of lutein, were associated with a reduced odds of AMD. ORs (95% CIs) comparing extreme categories were 0·42 (0·20, 0·88) for spinach and 0·52 (95% CI: 0·27, 0·98) for egg. Participants who were in the highest category of both egg intake and spinach intake had a much greater reduced odds of having AMD (OR: 0·23; 95% CI: 0·08, 0·71) than those in the lowest category of egg intake and spinach intake. In conclusion, a higher intake of lutein and lutein-rich foods was associated with a significantly decreased odds of AMD. These findings provide further evidence of the benefits of lutein and lutein-rich foods in the prevention of AMD.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mousavi SM, Zargarzadeh N, Rigi S, Persad E, Pizarro AB, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Larijani B, Willett WC, Esmaillzadeh A. Egg Consumption and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1762-1773. [PMID: 35396834 PMCID: PMC9526855 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between egg consumption and mortality is extremely debatable. This study aimed to investigate the potential dose-response association of egg consumption with risk of mortality from all causes and cause-specific in the general population. The primary comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Embase up to March 2021, as well as reference lists of relevant original papers and key journals. We calculated summary RRs and their 95% CIs for the highest and lowest categories, as well as the linear trend estimation of egg intake, using the random-effects model. Thirty-three (32 publications) cohort studies were included. These studies enrolled 2,216,720 participants and recorded 232,408 deaths from all causes. Comparing highest versus lowest egg intake categories was not associated with the risk of mortality from all causes (RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.11; n = 25), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (RR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.23, n = 11), coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.16; n = 10), stroke (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.02; n = 9), and respiratory disease (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.53, 1.71; n = 3); however, it was associated with a higher risk of cancer mortality (RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.39; n = 13). In the linear dose-response analysis, an additional intake of 1 egg per week was associated with a 2% and 4% increased risk of all-cause and cancer mortality, respectively, and a 4% decreased risk of stroke mortality. The certainty of the evidence was rated as low to moderate. Higher egg consumption was not associated with an increased risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, CHD, stroke, or respiratory disease, whereas an elevated risk was observed for cancer mortality. These findings suggest that eggs be consumed in low to moderate amounts (≤1 egg/d) as part of a healthy diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikan Zargarzadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Rigi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emma Persad
- Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | | | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo H, Li Z, Straight CR, Wang Q, Zhou J, Sun Y, Lo CY, Yi L, Wu Y, Huang J, Wolfe W, Sutherland DZ, Miller MS, McClements DJ, Decker EA, Xiao H. Black pepper and vegetable oil-based emulsion synergistically enhance carotenoid bioavailability of raw vegetables in humans. Food Chem 2022; 373:131277. [PMID: 34799132 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the combination of black pepper and a canola oil-based emulsion synergistically enhanced carotenoid bioavailability of raw vegetables in humans. In a randomized crossover design, healthy young adults consumed (1) vegetable salad (control), (2) salad with canola oil emulsion (COE), (3) salad with black pepper (BP), and (4) salad with canola oil emulsion and black pepper (COE + BP). COE + BP led to a higher AUC0-10h of total plasma carotenoids (p < 0.0005) than the control (6.1-fold), BP (2.1-fold), and COE (3.0-fold). COE + BP increased AUC0-10h of plasma lutein, α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene by 4.8, 9.7, 7.6, and 5.5-fold than the control, respectively (p < 0.0001). COE + BP produced a significant synergy in increasing both Cmax and AUC0-10h of total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene. Moreover, COE + BP produced a stronger enhancement on AUC0-10h of total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene in females than in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Luo
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zhengze Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Chad R Straight
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jiazhi Zhou
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yukun Sun
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Chia-Yu Lo
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lingxiao Yi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jingyuan Huang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - William Wolfe
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Mark S Miller
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Eric A Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular events among Iranians: results from Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS). Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1409-1414. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Plant- and Animal-Based Protein-Rich Foods and Cardiovascular Health. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:197-213. [PMID: 35332443 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent evidence from randomized controlled feeding trials (RCTs) on the effects of consuming plant- and animal-based protein-rich foods on cardiovascular health of adults. RECENT FINDINGS Results from meta-analyses of RCTs exemplify the importance of considering relative effects of protein-rich foods, i.e., when intake of one food increases, intake of another food likely decreases. Results from short-term RCTs showed that overall diet quality is more influential for improving cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors than intake of a single protein-rich food, e.g., red meat. Yet, assessing long-term CVD risk associated with intake of a single protein-rich food as part of a dietary pattern is methodologically challenging. While accumulating evidence suggests gut microbiota as a potential mediator for such effects, current knowledge is preliminary and restricts causal or functional inferences. A variety of protein-rich foods, both plant- and animal-based, should be consumed as part of nutrient-dense dietary patterns to meet nutrient needs and improve cardiovascular health for adults.
Collapse
|
10
|
Crusan AC, Reicks M, Demmer RT, Raatz SK. Serum β-carotene concentrations are associated with self-reported fatty acid intake in United States adults from the National Health and Examination Surveys. Lipids 2022; 57:163-171. [PMID: 35258100 PMCID: PMC9310765 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bioavailability of dietary β‐carotene (BC) is dependent on dose, quantity, dispersion, and presence of fat in the diet. Fats are comprised of a variety of fatty acids, which may impact the bioavailability of carotenoids. However, there is a gap in research on whether specific fatty acid classes affect serum BC concentrations in population samples. The primary objective of this study was to assess the association between reported fat and fatty acid intake and serum BC concentrations utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003–2006. Data from 3278 NHANES participants 20–85 years old were analyzed to estimate the relationships between serum BC concentrations and reported saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid intakes. Multiple linear regression estimated ln(serum BC) based on reported fatty acid intakes adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and reported dietary BC intakes. Mean and standard error (SE) for serum BC concentrations were 14.31 ± 0.05 μg/dl. Means and SE for total fat, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA were 85.7 ± 1.3, 26.9 ± 0.4, 31.1 ± 0.5, and 17.8 ± 0.4 g, respectively. There was a significant trend for association between serum BC and reported total fat intakes (r = −0.002, p < 0.0001), but the association was not strong. Multiple linear regression showed positive associations between serum BC concentrations and higher reported dietary PUFA consumption. PUFA alpha‐linolenic acid intakes are positively associated with serum BC concentrations, while MUFA palmitoleic acid and SFA stearic acid were inversely associated with serum BC. The inverse association between MUFA and SFA suggests there may be multiple post‐digestion factors affecting serum carotenoid concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambria C Crusan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marla Reicks
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susan K Raatz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yao Y, Tan P, Kim JE. Effects of dietary fats on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies and randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:741-761. [PMID: 34897461 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Dietary fats are one of the well-known stimulators of carotenoid absorption, but the effects of the quantity and the type of dietary fats on carotenoid absorption have not yet been studied systematically. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to analyze data from both in vitro studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the effects of dietary fats on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of 5 databases (Scopus, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library) was conducted. STUDY SELECTION In vitro studies and RCTs were selected according to the PICOS criteria and were reviewed independently by 2 investigators. DATE EXTRACTION Key study characteristics from the eligible in vitro studies and RCTs were extracted independently by 2 investigators using a standardized table. RESULTS A total of 27 in vitro studies and 12 RCTs were included. The meta-regression of in vitro studies showed that the bioaccessibility of carotenoids, except for lycopene, was positively associated with the concentration of dietary fats. The meta-analysis of RCTs showed that the bioavailability of carotenoids was enhanced when a higher quantity of dietary fats was co-consumed. Moreover, fats rich in unsaturated fatty acids resulted in greater improvement in carotenoid bioavailability (SMD 0.90; 95%CI, 0.69-1.11) as compared with fats rich in saturated fatty acids (SMD 0.27; 95%CI, 0.08-0.47). CONCLUSIONS Co-consuming dietary fats, particularly those rich in unsaturated fatty acids, with carotenoid-rich foods can improve the absorption of carotenoids. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42020188539.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yao
- Y. Yao, P. Tan, and J.E. Kim are with the Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peiyi Tan
- Y. Yao, P. Tan, and J.E. Kim are with the Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Y. Yao, P. Tan, and J.E. Kim are with the Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yao Y, Goh HM, Kim JE. The Roles of Carotenoid Consumption and Bioavailability in Cardiovascular Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1978. [PMID: 34943081 PMCID: PMC8750451 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments generally with a polyene chain consisting of 9-11 double bonds. In recent years, there has been increasing research interest in carotenoids because of their protective roles in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While the consumption of carotenoids may have a beneficial effect on CVDs, the literature shows inconsistencies between carotenoid consumption and reductions in the risk of CVDs. Therefore, this review aims to provide a summary of the association between dietary carotenoid intake and the risk of CVDs from published epidemiological studies. Meanwhile, to further elucidate the roles of carotenoid intake in CVD protection, this review outlines the evidence reporting the effects of carotenoids on cardiovascular health from randomized controlled trials by assessing classical CVD risk factors, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and vascular health-related parameters, respectively. Given the considerable discrepancies among the published results, this review underlines the importance of bioavailability and summarizes the current dietary strategies for improving the bioavailability of carotenoids. In conclusion, this review supports the protective roles of carotenoids against CVDs, possibly by attenuating oxidative stress and mitigating inflammatory response. In addition, this review suggests that the bioavailability of carotenoids should be considered when evaluating the roles of carotenoids in CVD protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (Y.Y.); (H.M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boonlao N, Ruktanonchai UR, Anal AK. Enhancing bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids using emulsion-based delivery systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112211. [PMID: 34800865 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of foods rich in antioxidants, vitamins, minerals including carotenoids etc. can boost the immune system to help fight off various infections including SARS- CoV 2 and other viruses. Carotenoids have been gaining attention particularly in food and pharmaceutical industries owing to their diverse functions including their role as pro-vitamin A activity, potent antioxidant properties, and quenching of reactive oxygen (ROS), such as singlet oxygen and lipid peroxides within the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. Nevertheless, carotenoids being lipophilic, have poor solubility in aqueous medium and are also chemically instable. They are susceptible to degrade under stimuli environmental conditions during food processing, storage and gastrointestinal passage. They also exhibit poor oral bioavailability, thus, their applications in aqueous-based foods are limited. As a consequent, suitable delivery systems including colloids-based are needed to enhance the solubility, stability and bioavailability of carotenoids. This review presents challenges of incorporation and delivery of carotenoids focusing on stability and factors affecting bioavailability. Furthermore, designed factors impacting bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids using emulsion-based delivery systems are explicitly explained. Each delivery system exhibits its own advantages and disadvantages; thus, the delivery systems should be designed based on their targets and their further applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuntarat Boonlao
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | | | - Anil Kumar Anal
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Skin carotenoid status and plasma carotenoids: biomarkers of dietary carotenoids, fruits and vegetables for middle-aged and older Singaporean adults. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1398-1407. [PMID: 33441194 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin carotenoid status (SCS) measured by resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) may serve as an emerging alternative measurement for dietary carotenoid, fruit and vegetable (FV) intake although its application had not been assessed in a middle-aged and older population in Asia. This cross-sectional study aims to concurrently examine the use of SCS and plasma carotenoids to measure FV and carotenoid intake in a middle-aged and older population, taking into consideration potential socio-demographic and nutritional confounders. The study recruited 103 middle-aged and older adults (mean age: 58 years) in Singapore. Dietary carotenoids and FV, plasma carotenoid concentration and SCS were measured using 3-d food records, HPLC and a biophotonic scanner which utilised RRS, respectively. Adjusted for statistically defined socio-demographic covariates sex, age, BMI, prescription medication and cigarette smoking, plasma carotenoids and SCS showed positive associations with dietary total carotenoids (βplasma: 0·020 (95 % CI 0·000, 0·040) µmol/l/mg, P = 0·05; βskin: 265 (95 % CI 23, 506) arbitrary units/mg, P = 0·03) and FV (βplasma: 0·076 (95 % CI 0·021, 0·132) µmol/l per FV serving, P = 0·008; βskin: 1036 (95 % CI 363, 1708) arbitrary units/FV serving, P = 0·003). The associations of SCS with dietary carotenoid and FV intake were null with the inclusion of dietary PUFA, fibre and vitamin C as nutritional covariates (P > 0·05). This suggests a potential influence of these nutritional factors on carotenoid circulation and deposition in the skin. In conclusion, SCS, similar to plasma carotenoids, may serve as a biomarker for both dietary carotenoid and FV intake in a middle-aged and older Singaporean population.
Collapse
|
15
|
Schnebelen-Berthier C, Acar N, Simon E, Thabuis C, Bourdillon A, Mathiaud A, Dauchet L, Delcourt C, Benlian P, Crochet M, Defoort S, Tailleux A, Staels B, Bretillon L, Lecerf JM. The ALGOVUE Clinical Trial: Effects of the Daily Consumption of Eggs Enriched with Lutein and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Plasma Composition and Macular Pigment Optical Density. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103347. [PMID: 34684356 PMCID: PMC8541434 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Carotenoids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were identified as essential components for eye health and are both naturally present in eggs. Objective. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the daily consumption of two eggs enriched with lutein/zeaxanthin and DHA on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and on circulating xanthophyll and fatty acid concentrations in healthy participants. Methods. Ninety-nine healthy volunteers consumed either two standard eggs or two enriched eggs per day for 4 months. MPOD was measured at baseline (V0) and at follow-up (V4) using a modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (primary outcome). Blood samples were collected to determine total plasma and lipoprotein fatty acids and lutein/zeaxanthin compositions at V0 and V4 (secondary outcomes). Results. A slight but significant increase in MPOD was observed for all study participants consuming two eggs per day for 4 months at all eccentricities (0.5°, 1°, 2°, and 4°). Plasma and lipoprotein lutein, zeaxanthin, and DHA concentrations significantly increased in both groups but were greater in the enriched group (for the enriched group (V0 vs. V4): lutein, 167 vs. 369 ng/mL; zeaxanthin, 17.7 vs. 29.2 ng/mL; DHA, 1.89 vs. 2.56% of total fatty acids). Interestingly, lutein from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was strongly correlated with MPOD at 0.5 and 1° eccentricities (rho = 0.385, p = 0.008, and rho = 0.461, p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions. MPOD was slightly increased in both groups. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and DHA plasma concentrations were strongly enhanced in the enriched group compared with the standard group. A significant correlation was found between MPOD level and lutein concentration in HDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Schnebelen-Berthier
- Service Nutrition & Activité Physique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; (E.S.); (J.-M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-20-87-73-33
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (N.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Emilie Simon
- Service Nutrition & Activité Physique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; (E.S.); (J.-M.L.)
| | | | - Anne Bourdillon
- MIXSCIENCE, Centre d’Affaires Odyssée, ZAC Cicé Blossac, F-35172 Bruz, France; (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Adeline Mathiaud
- MIXSCIENCE, Centre d’Affaires Odyssée, ZAC Cicé Blossac, F-35172 Bruz, France; (A.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Luc Dauchet
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1283-EGID, “Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases”, Université de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France; (L.D.); (P.B.); (A.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- “Bordeaux Population Health Research Center” (BPH), INSERM, UMR1219, “Lifelong Exposures, Health and Ageing” (LEHA) Group, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Pascale Benlian
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1283-EGID, “Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases”, Université de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France; (L.D.); (P.B.); (A.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Martine Crochet
- CHU Lille, Service d’Exploration de la Vision et Neuro-Ophtalmologie, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Sabine Defoort
- CHU Lille, Service d’Exploration de la Vision et Neuro-Ophtalmologie, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Anne Tailleux
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1283-EGID, “Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases”, Université de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France; (L.D.); (P.B.); (A.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Bart Staels
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1283-EGID, “Integrative Genomics and Modelling of Metabolic Diseases”, Université de Lille, F-59045 Lille, France; (L.D.); (P.B.); (A.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Agrosup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (N.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Jean-Michel Lecerf
- Service Nutrition & Activité Physique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France; (E.S.); (J.-M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Toh DWK, Sutanto CN, Loh WW, Lee WY, Yao Y, Ong CN, Kim JE. Skin carotenoids status as a potential surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease risk determination in middle-aged and older adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:592-601. [PMID: 33358716 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Upon consumption, carotenoids, which may attenuate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, diffuse from the blood and accumulate in the skin. This study aimed to assess the associations between dietary, plasma, and skin carotenoids with CVD risk indicators and to examine the mediational role of plasma carotenoids in the relationship between skin carotenoids status (SCS) and CVD risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Dietary, plasma, and skin carotenoids were assessed in a cross-sectional study from a community in Singapore (n = 103) aged 50 to 75 y. Multiple linear regression and binary logistics regression models were used to examine the associations between the carotenoids status with classical CVD risk factors and composite CVD risk indicators. After controlling for covariates, SCS and plasma carotenoids were inversely associated with systolic blood pressure (skin: P < 0.001; plasma: P < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (skin: P < 0.001; plasma: P < 0.005). Additionally, each increment of 1000 in SCS was associated with an odds ratio of 0.924 (P < 0.01) for metabolic syndrome diagnosis and 0.945 (P < 0.05) for moderate to high CVD risk classification. Associations between SCS and composite CVD risk indicators were null when adjusted for the corresponding plasma carotenoids, indicating complete mediation. Dietary carotenoids, however, showed no relationship with the CVD risk indicators. CONCLUSION Carotenoids bioavailability may be important for cardiovascular protection. SCS, driven by the corresponding plasma carotenoids, could be a potential noninvasive surrogate marker for CVD risk determination in middle-aged and older adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03554954, https://clinicaltrials.gov/. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 13 June 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarinda N Sutanto
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Wei Loh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Yee Lee
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanhang Yao
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Krittanawong C, Narasimhan B, Wang Z, Virk HUH, Farrell AM, Zhang H, Tang WHW. Association Between Egg Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Med 2021; 134:76-83.e2. [PMID: 32653422 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considerable controversy remains on the relationship between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease risk. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the association between egg consumption and overall cardiovascular disease events. METHODS We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception in 1966 through January 2020 for observational studies that reported the association between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease events. Two investigators independently reviewed data. Conflicts were resolved through consensus. Random-effects meta-analyses were used. Sources of heterogeneity were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 23 prospective studies with a median follow-up of 12.28 years. A total of 1,415,839 individuals with a total of 123,660 cases and 157,324 cardiovascular disease events were included. Compared with the consumption of no or 1 egg/day, higher egg consumption (more than 1 egg/day) was not associated with significantly increased risk of overall cardiovascular disease events (pooled hazard ratios, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.06; P < .001; I² = 72.1%). Higher egg consumption (more than 1 egg/day) was associated with a significantly decreased risk of coronary artery disease (pooled hazard ratios, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.93; P < .001; I² = 0%), compared with consumption of no or 1 egg/day. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that higher consumption of eggs (more than 1 egg/day) was not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but was associated with a significant reduction in risk of coronary artery disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chayakrit Krittanawong
- The Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; The Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY.
| | - Bharat Narasimhan
- The Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY
| | - Zhen Wang
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Case Western Reserve University/ Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ann M Farrell
- Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - HongJu Zhang
- Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Egg and egg-sourced cholesterol consumption in relation to mortality: Findings from population-based nationwide cohort. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3520-3527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
19
|
Shwetha HJ, Shilpa S, Mukherjee MB, Ambedkar R, Raichur AM, Lakshminarayana R. Fabrication of chitosan nanoparticles with phosphatidylcholine for improved sustain release, basolateral secretion, and transport of lutein in Caco-2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2224-2235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
20
|
Toh DWK, Koh ES, Kim JE. Incorporating healthy dietary changes in addition to an increase in fruit and vegetable intake further improves the status of cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:532-545. [PMID: 31889199 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Beyond increasing FV intake, the incorporation of other healthy dietary changes may help to further attenuate CVD risk. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of increasing FV intake to > 3 servings daily as well as incorporating other healthy dietary changes on classical CVD risk factors through a systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. DATA SOURCES The following databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Medline (ProQuest), and Cochrane Library. DATA EXTRACTION 82, 24, and 10 articles were selected for the systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis, respectively. DATA ANALYSIS Meta-regression analysis showed a dose-dependent response between the number of FV servings consumed in each intervention group and the blood triglyceride change value. Pooled weighted mean differences from the meta-analysis suggested that increasing FV intake to > 3 servings daily contributes to significant decreases in triglyceride (-0.10 mmol/L; 95%CI, -0.18 to -0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (-1.99 mmHg; 95%CI, -2.28 to -1.70) as well as marginal decreases in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. While improvements were observed in the triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response following the incorporation of other healthy dietary changes, no additional cardiovascular benefits were observed when FV intake was increased from > 3 to > 5 servings daily. CONCLUSION Increasing FV intake to > 3 servings daily improves CVD risk factors, most distinctly triglyceride, especially when complemented with other healthy dietary changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evangelyn Sihui Koh
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Maurya VK, Singh J, Ranjan V, Gothandam KM, Bohn T, Pareek S. Factors affecting the fate of β-carotene in the human gastrointestinal tract: A narrative review. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:385-405. [PMID: 32781911 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids and their metabolites play crucial roles in human health such as in immunity, cell differentiation, embryonic development, maintenance of plasma membrane integrity, and gastrointestinal functions, in addition to counteracting night blindness and other eye-related diseases. However, carotenoid bioavailability is highly variable and often low. The bioavailability of β-carotene, among the most frequently consumed carotenoid from the diet, is determined by food matrix related factors such as carotenoid dose, its location in food the matrix, the physical state in food, the presence of other food compounds in the matrix such as dietary fiber, dietary lipids, other micronutrients present such as minerals, and food processing, influencing also the size of food particles, and the presence of absorption inhibitors (fat replacers and anti-obesity drugs) or enhancers (nano-/micro-formulations). However, also host-related factors such as physiochemical interactions by gastrointestinal secretions (enzyme and salts) and other host-related factors such as surgery, age, disease, obesity, and genetic variations have shown to play a role. This review contributes to the knowledge regarding factors affecting the bioavailability of β-carotene (food and host-relegated), as well as highlights in vitro models employed to evaluate β-carotene bioavailability aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar Maurya
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131 028, Haryana, India
| | - Jagmeet Singh
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131 028, Haryana, India
| | - Vijay Ranjan
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131 028, Haryana, India
| | | | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Department of Population Health, Nutrition and Health Group, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131 028, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Takagi H, Hari Y, Nakashima K, Kuno T, Ando T. Egg Consumption and Coronary Artery Disease: A Nice Knockdown Argument. Angiology 2020; 71:589-601. [PMID: 32000503 DOI: 10.1177/0003319719897493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To identify prospective cohort studies enrolling adults and investigating an association of egg consumption with incidence and mortality of coronary artery disease (CAD), PubMed and Web of Science were searched through June 2019. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of CAD incidence/mortality for more versus the least frequent egg consumption were extracted from each study. Study-specific estimates were pooled in the random-effects model. Sixteen eligible studies with a total of 1 285 505 participants were identified and included in the present meta-analysis. The primary meta-analysis pooling all HRs for the most versus least frequent egg consumption demonstrated that egg consumption was associated with significantly low CAD incidence/mortality (pooled HR: 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.89-0.98; I 2 = 9%). In the secondary meta-analyses (separately combining HRs for the third vs first tertile, the fourth vs first quartile, the third vs first quartile, the fifth vs first quintile, the fourth vs first quintile, and the third vs first quintile egg consumption), the fifth (vs first) quintile egg consumption was only associated with significantly low CAD incidence/mortality. In conclusion, egg consumption is independently associated with low incidence/mortality of CAD, which may be derived from the comparisons of the fifth versus first quintile egg consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Takagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kouki Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shizuoka Medical Center, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kuno
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomo Ando
- Division of Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Conrad Z, Johnson LK, Jahns L, Roemmich JN. Food Price Elasticity by Status of Participation in Federal Food Assistance Programs: A Laboratory-Based Grocery Store Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background
Federal food assistance programs target low-income and nutritionally vulnerable Americans, with the dual goals of reducing food insecurity and improving diet quality. Individuals on limited food budgets may face constraints on their ability to purchase healthy foods when their prices increase, which could mitigate the intended impact of federal feeding programs. To better understand the effect of food price changes on healthy food purchases, we focus on eggs, which are rich in many important nutrients and can be a healthy part of a wide range of cultural food menus.
Objective
We use a laboratory-based grocery store experiment (n = 80) to examine the difference in price elasticity of eggs between individuals participating in food assistance programs and those not participating in these programs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03296878.
Methods
Subjects completed several food purchasing trials, as well as questionnaires that assessed demographic, psychosocial, and other factors. Mixed linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between food price changes and food purchases (price elasticity).
Results
No difference in price elasticity was observed between groups, but subjects in both groups decreased their egg purchases by 6.9–8.6% for every 10% increase in egg price. For every 10% increase in the price of all nonegg foods, egg purchases increased by 3.3% among federal food assistance program participants but not nonparticipants, and purchases for foods such as lean meats, low-fat dairy, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains decreased by up to 14% among both groups.
Conclusions
Efforts to emphasize healthy eating strategies for individuals on limited budgets will be especially important during times of food price increases. Additional research is needed to estimate the price elasticities of other food groups among individuals participating in federal food assistance programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zach Conrad
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, ND
- Department of Health Sciences, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA
| | - LuAnn K Johnson
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Lisa Jahns
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, ND
| | - James N Roemmich
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, ND
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The association between intake of dietary lycopene and other carotenoids and gestational diabetes mellitus risk during mid-trimester: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1405-1412. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether increased carotenoids intake was associated with reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort study. The dietary carotenoids intake of 1978 pregnant women was assessed using a researcher-administered FFQ before undertaking an oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were used to obtain the effect estimates. Participants in the highest quartile of lycopene intake showed a lower risk of GDM (OR 0·50; 95 % CI 0·29, 0·86; Pfor trend = 0·007) compared with those in the lowest quartile; each 1 mg increase in lycopene consumption was associated with a 5 % (95 % CI 0·91, 0·99; Pfor trend = 0·020) decrease in GDM risk. No significant association was found between α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin intake and GDM risk. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested an inverse association between lycopene intake and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (Pfor trend < 0·001); each 1 mg increase in lycopene intake was associated with 0·005 (95 % CI 0·002, 0·007; Pfor trend < 0·001) mmol/l decrease in FBG. Interaction analysis indicated consistent effect on each age or pre-BMI subgroup; however, a stronger protective effect of lycopene intake against GDM was observed among primigravid women (OR 0·20; 95 % CI 0·07, 0·55 in the highest v. the lowest quartile of intake; Pfor interaction = 0·036). In conclusion, dietary lycopene intake was mainly assumed via reducing FBG to decrease GDM risk, and the protection was relatively increased among primigravid women.
Collapse
|
25
|
Consumption of eggs and the 15-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:580-584. [PMID: 30914217 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A naturally rich source of lutein and zeaxanthin are eggs. There is scarce epidemiological data on the temporal association between total egg consumption and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) incidence. We aimed to establish the prospective and independent association between consumption of eggs with the incidence of AMD over a 15-year follow-up. METHODS In this population-based cohort study of 3,654 participants aged 49 + years examined at baseline, 2034 participants had complete information on baseline egg consumption and AMD signs over 15 years. AMD was determined from retinal photographs. Egg consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Total egg intake was calculated through summing up intakes in all forms e.g. boiled, poached, fried, scrambled and/or omelette. We summarized total egg consumption into the following categories: ≤1 egg/week; 2-4 eggs/week; 5-6 eggs/week; and ≥1 egg/day. RESULTS At baseline, participants who consumed 2-4 eggs/week compared to those who consumed ≤1 egg/week (reference group) had reduced risk of incident late-stage AMD after 15 years: multivariable-adjusted odds ratio, OR, 0.51 (95% confidence intervals, CI, 0.28-0.92). Participants who consumed 2-4 eggs/week versus ≤1 egg/week at baseline had 62% reduced risk of developing neovascular AMD. Among those whose AMD onset was at or before the 10-year follow-up, consumption of 2-4 and 5-6 eggs/week was associated with 54% and 65% reduced risk of incident late AMD, respectively. When analyzed as a dichotomized variable, participants who consumed >1 egg/week versus ≤1 egg/week at baseline, had 46% reduced risk of developing late-stage AMD 15 years later: multivariable-adjusted OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.3-0.90). Non-significant associations were observed between egg consumption and incident early AMD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that moderate consumption of eggs significantly reduces the risk of developing incident late-stage AMD over 15 years.
Collapse
|
26
|
Qin C, Lv J, Guo Y, Bian Z, Si J, Yang L, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Chen J, Chen Z, Yu C, Li L. Associations of egg consumption with cardiovascular disease in a cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults. Heart 2018; 104:1756-1763. [PMID: 29785957 PMCID: PMC6241631 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), major coronary events (MCE), haemorrhagic stroke as well as ischaemic stroke. METHODS During 2004-2008, over 0.5 million adults aged 30-79 years were recruited from 10 diverse survey sites in China. Participants were asked about the frequency of egg consumption and were followed up via linkages to multiple registries and active investigation. Among 461 213 participants free of prior cancer, CVD and diabetes, a total of 83 977 CVD incident cases and 9985 CVD deaths were documented, as well as 5103 MCE. Stratified Cox regression was performed to yield adjusted hazard ratios for CVD endpoints associated with egg consumption. RESULTS At baseline, 13.1% of participants reported daily consumption (usual amount 0.76 egg/day) and 9.1% reported never or very rare consumption (usual amount 0.29 egg/day). Compared with non-consumers, daily egg consumption was associated with lower risk of CVD (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.92). Corresponding multivariate-adjusted HRs (95% CI) for IHD, MCE, haemorrhagic stroke and ischaemic stroke were 0.88 (0.84 to 0.93), 0.86 (0.76 to 0.97), 0.74 (0.67 to 0.82) and 0.90 (0.85 to 0.95), respectively. There were significant dose-response relationships of egg consumption with morbidity of all CVD endpoints (P for linear trend <0.05). Daily consumers also had an 18% lower risk of CVD death and a 28% lower risk of haemorrhagic stroke death compared to non-consumers. CONCLUSION Among Chinese adults, a moderate level of egg consumption (up to <1 egg/day) was significantly associated with lower risk of CVD, largely independent of other risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Si
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yonglin Zhou
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Liuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liuyang, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Jili Community Health Service, Liuyang, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim JE, Campbell WW. Dietary Cholesterol Contained in Whole Eggs Is Not Well Absorbed and Does Not Acutely Affect Plasma Total Cholesterol Concentration in Men and Women: Results from 2 Randomized Controlled Crossover Studies. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091272. [PMID: 30205602 PMCID: PMC6165023 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole egg is a food source of dietary cholesterol and inconsistent research findings exist about the effect of dietary cholesterol from whole egg on blood cholesterol concentration. We assessed the effect of co-consuming cooked whole egg (CWE) on dietary cholesterol absorption from two randomized-crossover studies. For study 1, 16 men consumed raw vegetables with no egg, 75 g CWE, or 150 g CWE. For study 2, 17 women consumed cooked vegetables with no egg or 100 g CWE. Triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fractions (TRL) were isolated from collected blood. In study 1, total-cholesterol areas under the curve (AUC)0–10h in TRL were not different but triacylglycerol AUC0–10h in TRL was greater for 150 g CWE vs. 75 g CWE and no egg. Similarly, in study 2, total-cholesterol AUC0–10h in TRL was not different but triacylglycerol AUC0–10h in TRL was greater for 100 g CWE vs. no egg. In both studies, whole egg consumption did not affect plasma total-cholesterol AUC0–10h, while triacylglycerol AUC0–10h was increased. These results suggest that the dietary cholesterol in whole egg was not well absorbed, which may provide mechanistic insight for why it does not acutely influence plasma total-cholesterol concentration and is not associated with longer-term plasma cholesterol control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- Food Science & Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Conrad Z, Jahns L, Roemmich JN. Study design for a clinical trial to examine food price elasticity among participants in federal food assistance programs: A laboratory-based grocery store study. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018; 10:154-160. [PMID: 30023450 PMCID: PMC6047316 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a protocol for a study investigating the effect of food price changes on purchasing decisions among individuals participating in federal food assistance programs and among those not participating in these programs. We use a laboratory-based grocery store design, which provides greater control over factors influencing food purchasing than in situ experiments in actual grocery stores. We focus primarily, but not exclusively, on eggs because they are highly nutritious, easy to prepare, can be included in many different dishes, and are a part of a wide range of cultural food menus. The primary aim of this study is to compare the own-and cross-price elasticity of eggs between individuals participating in federal food assistance programs and those not participating in these programs. Our secondary aims are to 1) compare the own- and cross-price elasticity of eggs between overweight/obese individuals and non-overweight/obese individuals, 2) examine whether delay discounting moderates the effect of income on own- and cross-price elasticity, 3) examine whether subjective social status moderates the effect of participation in federal food assistance programs on the purchase of high nutrient-dense foods, and 4) examine whether usual psychological stress level moderates the effect of subjective social status on the purchase of high-nutrient dense foods. The results of this study will provide information about the drivers of food demand among low-income adults. A better understanding of these drivers is needed to develop effective nutrition interventions for this large population.
Collapse
Key Words
- 24HR, 24-h Recall
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- Egg
- Food assistance
- NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- NRF, Nutrient-rich Foods Index
- Obesity
- Price elasticity
- SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
- Social status
- Stress
- USDA, United States Department of Agriculture
- WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
- WWEIA, What We Eat In America
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zach Conrad
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - James N Roemmich
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moran NE, Mohn ES, Hason N, Erdman JW, Johnson EJ. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Impacting Absorption, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Dietary Carotenoids. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:465-492. [PMID: 30032230 PMCID: PMC6054194 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are orange, yellow, and red lipophilic pigments present in many fruit and vegetables, as well as other food groups. Some carotenoids contribute to vitamin A requirements. The consumption and blood concentrations of specific carotenoids have been associated with reduced risks of a number of chronic conditions. However, the interpretation of large, population-based observational and prospective clinical trials is often complicated by the many extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect the physiologic response to carotenoids. Extrinsic factors affecting carotenoid bioavailability include food-based factors, such as co-consumed lipid, food processing, and molecular structure, as well as environmental factors, such as interactions with prescription drugs, smoking, or alcohol consumption. Intrinsic, physiologic factors associated with blood and tissue carotenoid concentrations include age, body composition, hormonal fluctuations, and variation in genes associated with carotenoid absorption and metabolism. To most effectively investigate carotenoid bioactivity and to utilize blood or tissue carotenoid concentrations as biomarkers of intake, investigators should either experimentally or statistically control for confounding variables affecting the bioavailability, tissue distribution, and metabolism of carotene and xanthophyll species. Although much remains to be investigated, recent advances have highlighted that lipid co-consumption, baseline vitamin A status, smoking, body mass and body fat distribution, and genetics are relevant covariates for interpreting blood serum or plasma carotenoid responses. These and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors are discussed, highlighting remaining gaps in knowledge and opportunities for future research. To provide context, we review the state of knowledge with regard to the prominent health effects of carotenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- USDA–Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Emily S Mohn
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Noor Hason
- USDA–Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Conrad Z, Johnson LK, Roemmich JN, Juan W, Jahns L. Nutrient intake disparities in the US: modeling the effect of food substitutions. Nutr J 2018; 17:53. [PMID: 29776365 PMCID: PMC5960152 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diet quality among federal food assistance program participants remains low, and little research has assessed the diet quality of food insecure non-participants. Further research is needed to assess the extent to which food substitutions can improve the nutritional status of these vulnerable populations. Substituting egg dishes for other commonly consumed dishes at certain eating occasions may be an effective strategy for improving the daily nutrient intake among these groups. Eggs are rich in many important nutrients, and are low-cost and part of a wide range of cultural food menus, which are important considerations for low-income and ethnically diverse populations. To help guide the focus of targeted nutrition interventions and education campaigns for vulnerable populations, the present work begins by 1) estimating the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy among these groups, and then models the effect of consuming egg dishes instead of commonly consumed dishes at each eating occasion on 2) the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy, and 3) the mean intake of nutrients. Methods Dietary data from 34,741 adults ≥ 20 y were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2014. Diet pattern modeling was used to substitute commonly consumed egg dishes for commonly consumed main dishes at breakfast, lunch, and dinner. National Cancer Institute usual intake methods were used to estimate the prevalence of inadequate intake of 31 nutrients pre- and post-substitution, and a novel index was used to estimate change in intake of all nutrients collectively. Results Substituting eggs for commonly consumed main dishes at lunch or dinner did not change total daily nutrient intake for each group (P > 0.05), but decreased the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy by 1–4 percentage points (P < 0.01). Substituting eggs for commonly consumed foods at breakfast increased the prevalence of folate inadequacy by 8–12 percentage points among each group (P < 0.01). Conclusions When making food substitutions to increase nutrient intake, eating occasion should be an important consideration. Further research is needed to better understand how food substitutions affect diet costs, which may be an important driver of food purchasing decisions among low income individuals with limited food budgets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-018-0360-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zach Conrad
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
| | - LuAnn K Johnson
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - James N Roemmich
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - WenYen Juan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kopec RE, Failla ML. Recent advances in the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids and effects of other dietary lipophiles. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
32
|
Rodrigues DB, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Mariutti LRB, Mercadante AZ, Failla ML. Comparison of Two Static in Vitro Digestion Methods for Screening the Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids in Fruits, Vegetables, and Animal Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11220-11228. [PMID: 29205039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro digestion methods are routinely used to assess the bioaccessibility of carotenoids and other dietary lipophilic compounds. Here, we compared the recovery of carotenoids and their efficiency of micellarization in digested fruits, vegetables, egg yolk, and salmon and also in mixed-vegetable salads with and without either egg yolk or salmon using the static INFOGEST method22 and the procedure of Failla et al.16 Carotenoid stability during the simulated digestion was ≥70%. The efficiencies of the partitioning of carotenoids into mixed micelles were similar when individual plant foods and salad meals were digested using the two static methods. Furthermore, the addition of cooked egg or salmon to vegetable salads increased the bioaccessibility of some carotenoids. Our findings showed that the two methods of in vitro digestion generated similar estimates of carotenoid retention and bioaccessibility for diverse foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele B Rodrigues
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian R B Mariutti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Adriana Z Mercadante
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mark L Failla
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Desmarchelier C, Borel P. Overview of carotenoid bioavailability determinants: From dietary factors to host genetic variations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
34
|
Time Trends and Patterns of Reported Egg Consumption in the U.S. by Sociodemographic Characteristics. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040333. [PMID: 28350345 PMCID: PMC5409672 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs have the potential to contribute essential nutrients to nutritionally vulnerable populations on limited food budgets. Further research is needed to better understand patterns of egg consumption across diverse sociodemographic groups in order to inform clinical practice to improve nutrient adequacy. Data on demographics and egg intake of 29,694 U.S. adults were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2012. The National Cancer Institute's usual intake methodology was used to estimate the distribution of egg intake. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test for time trends in egg consumption and for differences between sociodemographic groups. The proportion of the U.S. population, overall (21%-22%; p = 0.311) and by sociodemographic group (p > 0.05 for all groups), that reported consuming eggs remained unchanged from 2001 to 2012. Mean egg consumption increased overall from 23.0 (95% CI, 20.8-25.2) g/day in 2001-2002 to 25.5 (22.7-28.4) g/day in 2011-2012 (p = 0.012), but not among food insecure individuals (p = 0.816) and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants (p = 0.399). No differences in the odds of egg consumption were observed by income level, food security status, or SNAP participation status (p > 0.05 for all groups). Given the nutritional benefits of eggs, as well as their low cost and culinary versatility, the results presented here have important implications for reducing disparities in health outcomes and diet quality, in particular among food insecure individuals and SNAP participants. Further research is needed to examine factors that influence egg consumption and associated nutrient intake, and to identify potential barriers to increasing egg consumption, such as egg price changes, across diverse sociodemographic groups.
Collapse
|
35
|
Becerra-Tomás N, Babio N, Martínez-González MÁ, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Serra-Majem L, Salaverria I, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Lapetra J, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Toledo E, Sorlí JV, Pedret-Llaberia MR, Salas-Salvadó J. Replacing red meat and processed red meat for white meat, fish, legumes or eggs is associated with lower risk of incidence of metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:1442-1449. [PMID: 27087650 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, València, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Itziar Salaverria
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Araba, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Nutrition and Food Science Department, School of Pharmacy, INSA, University of Barcelona, XARTA Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Fiol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Health Sciences, University of Balearic Islands and Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José V Sorlí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, València, Spain
| | - Maria Roser Pedret-Llaberia
- Primary Care Division, Catalan Institute of Health, Institut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol, Tarragona-Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kim JE, Ferruzzi MG, Campbell WW. Egg Consumption Increases Vitamin E Absorption from Co-Consumed Raw Mixed Vegetables in Healthy Young Men. J Nutr 2016; 146:2199-2205. [PMID: 27655756 PMCID: PMC5086793 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.236307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people living in the United States underconsume vitamin E, and dietary approaches to increase the absorption of vitamin E may help individuals to meet their body's needs. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effect of adding cooked whole egg to a raw mixed-vegetable salad on α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol absorption. METHODS With the use of a randomized-crossover design, 16 healthy young men [mean ± SD age: 24 ± 4 y; mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m2): 24 ± 2] consumed the same salad (all served with 3 g canola oil) with no egg [control (CON)], with 75 g cooked egg [low egg (LE)], or with 150 g cooked egg [high egg (HE)]; a 1-wk dietary washout period was included between trials. For the first 7 d of each trial, participants consumed a low-vitamin E diet to reduce plasma vitamin E concentrations. Blood was collected hourly for 10 h and the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fractions (TRLs) were isolated. α-Tocopherol and γ-tocopherol concentrations in TRLs were analyzed and composite areas under the curve (AUCs) were calculated. RESULTS The α-tocopherol 0- to 10-h AUCs (AUCs0-10 h) in TRLs was higher (P < 0.05) for the HE trial (least-squares mean ± SE: 981 ± 162 nmol/L ⋅ 10 h) than for the LE (311 ± 162 nmol/L ⋅ 10 h) and CON (117 ± 162 nmol/L ⋅10 h) trials, which did not differ from one another. The γ-tocopherol AUCs0-10 h in TRLs was also higher (P < 0.05) for the HE trial (402 ± 54 nmol/L ⋅ 10 h) than for the CON trial (72 ± 54 nmol/L ⋅ 10 h). CONCLUSION The consumption of cooked whole eggs is an effective way to increase the absorption of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol from a co-consumed meal that naturally contains vitamin E, such as a raw mixed-vegetable salad, in healthy young men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01951313.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Departments of Nutrition Science and,Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nair MK, Augustine LF, Konapur A. Food-Based Interventions to Modify Diet Quality and Diversity to Address Multiple Micronutrient Deficiency. Front Public Health 2016; 3:277. [PMID: 26779472 PMCID: PMC4700276 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global data indicate a high prevalence of hidden hunger among population. Deficiencies of certain micronutrients such as folic acid, iodine, iron, and vitamin A have long lasting effects on growth and development and therefore have been a National priority from many decades. The strategy implemented so far limits to the use of supplemental sources or fortified foods in alleviating the burden of deficiencies. These approaches however undermine the food-based strategies involving dietary diversification as the long-term sustainable strategy. There is lack of understanding on the level of evidence needed to implement such strategies and the level of monitoring required for impact evaluation. Dietary diversity concerns how to ensure access for each individual to a quality and safe diet with adequate macro- and micronutrients. The key to success in using dietary diversity as a strategy to tackle hidden hunger is in integrating it with the principles of bioavailability, translated to efficient food synergies with due emphasis on food accessibility, affordability, and outdoor physical activity/life style modifications. Promoting enabling environment and sustainable agriculture is crucial for practicing dietary diversification with behavior change communication as an integral segment. It can be concluded that food-based strategies require careful understanding of the factors associated with it and moderate it to form an effective strategy for controlling multiple micronutrient deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavan K. Nair
- Micronutrient Research, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Little Flower Augustine
- Micronutrient Research, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Archana Konapur
- Micronutrient Research, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|