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Hrabak P, Zelenkova M, Krechler T, Soupal J, Vocka M, Hanus T, Petruzelka L, Svacina S, Zak A, Zima T, Kalousova M. Levels of retinol and retinoic acid in pancreatic cancer, type-2 diabetes and chronic pancreatitis. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2024; 168:132-138. [PMID: 38058194 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Retinoids participate in multiple key processes in the human body e.g., vision, cell differentiation and embryonic development. There is growing evidence of the relationship between retinol, its active metabolite- all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) - and several pancreatic disorders. Although low levels of ATRA in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissue have been reported, data on serum levels of ATRA in PDAC is still limited. The aim of our work was to determine serum concentrations of retinol and ATRA in patients with PDAC, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic pancreatitis (CHP) and healthy controls. METHODS High performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC) was used to measure serum levels of retinol and ATRA in 246 patients with different stages of PDAC, T2DM, CHP and healthy controls. RESULTS We found a significant decrease in the retinol concentration in PDAC (0.44+/-0.18 mg/L) compared to T2DM (0.65+/-0.19 mg/L, P<0.001), CHP (0.60+/-0.18 mg/L, P< 0.001) and healthy controls (0.61+/-0.15 mg/L, P<0.001), significant decrease of ATRA levels in PDAC (1.14+/-0.49 ug/L) compared to T2DM (1.37+/-0.56 ug/L, P<0.001) and healthy controls(1.43+/-0.55 ug/L, P<0.001). Differences between early stages (I+II) of PDAC and non-carcinoma groups were not significant. We describe correlations between retinol, prealbumin and transferrin, and correlation of ATRA and IGFBP-2. CONCLUSION Significant decrease in retinol and ATRA levels in PDAC compared to T2DM, healthy individuals and/or CHP supports existing evidence of the role of retinoids in PDAC. However, neither ATRA nor retinol are suitable for detection of early PDAC. Correlation of ATRA levels and IGFBP-2 provides new information about a possible IGF and retinol relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Hrabak
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Zelenkova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Krechler
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Soupal
- 3rd Department of Medicine - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Hanus
- Department of Urology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Petruzelka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Svacina
- 3rd Department of Medicine - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Zak
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Kalousova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
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Chen A, Li J, Shen N, Huang H, Hang Q. Vitamin K: New insights related to senescence and cancer metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189057. [PMID: 38158025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Several clinical trials and experimental studies have recently shown that vitamin K (VK) supplementation benefits the human body. Specifically, VK participates in coagulation and is associated with cellular senescence and cancer. VK has a potential anticancer effect in various cancers, such as pancreatic and prostate cancers. Through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, VK can prevent senescence and inhibit cancer metastasis. Therefore, cancer prognosis can be improved by preventing cellular senescence. In addition, VK can inhibit the proliferation, growth, and differentiation of cancer cells through various mechanisms, including induction of c-myc and c-fos genes, regulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and p21 genes, and angiogenesis inhibition. This review aims to discuss the relationship among VK, cellular senescence, and cancer metastasis and thus may improve comprehension of the specific functions of VK in human health. The potential application of VK as an adjuvant therapy for cancer (or in combination with traditional chemotherapy drugs or other vitamins) has also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Chen
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Jialu Li
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Nianxuan Shen
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224006, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng 224006, China.
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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3
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Li J, Zhang H, Zhu H, Dai Z. 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is positively associated with overall survival in advanced pancreatic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Res 2023; 117:73-82. [PMID: 37515942 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is predictive of survival following a diagnosis of cancer. However, evidence of the relationship between 25(OH)D and the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer has been inconsistent. We hypothesized that circulating 25(OH)D concentrations may be positively correlated with better prognosis in advanced pancreatic cancer. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science database entries through April 2023, along with the reference lists of related studies, were searched. Additionally, we extracted observational studies reporting the association between 25(OH)D concentrations and the outcome of interest (overall survival [OS]) in advanced pancreatic cancer patients aged 18 years or older. Ultimately, 7 articles involving 2369 patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results indicated that 25(OH)D concentrations were positively correlated with OS (hazard ratio = 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 2.22-2.54; P < .001). No association was found between 25(OH)D and progression-free survival. There was significant heterogeneity between studies in terms of OS (I2 = 85.5%, P < .001). Our subgroup analysis revealed that this high heterogeneity may be attributed to the studies' different regions, designs, sample sources, and detection methods of 25(OH)D. Additionally, Begg's and Egger's tests indicated the presence of publication bias. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the association between 25(OH)D concentrations and OS among patients with pancreatic cancer. Our results suggested that circulating 25(OH)D concentrations were positively correlated with OS, indicating that 25(OH)D may be a potential prognostic marker in advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongda Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhu Dai
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Tanaka HY, Nakazawa T, Enomoto A, Masamune A, Kano MR. Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Fibrotic Barriers to Nanomedicine in the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030724. [PMID: 36765684 PMCID: PMC9913712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is notorious for its dismal prognosis. The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect theory posits that nanomedicines (therapeutics in the size range of approximately 10-200 nm) selectively accumulate in tumors. Nanomedicine has thus been suggested to be the "magic bullet"-both effective and safe-to treat pancreatic cancer. However, the densely fibrotic tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer impedes nanomedicine delivery. The EPR effect is thus insufficient to achieve a significant therapeutic effect. Intratumoral fibrosis is chiefly driven by aberrantly activated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix (ECM) components secreted. Fibroblast and ECM abnormalities offer various potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we detail the diverse strategies being tested to overcome the fibrotic barriers to nanomedicine in pancreatic cancer. Strategies that target the fibrotic tissue/process are discussed first, which are followed by strategies to optimize nanomedicine design. We provide an overview of how a deeper understanding, increasingly at single-cell resolution, of fibroblast biology is revealing the complex role of the fibrotic stroma in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and consider the therapeutic implications. Finally, we discuss critical gaps in our understanding and how we might better formulate strategies to successfully overcome the fibrotic barriers in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Y. Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakazawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu R. Kano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Fat-Soluble Vitamin Deficiencies and Disruption of the Immune System in Pancreatic Cancer: A Vicious Cycle. Pancreas 2022; 51:923-929. [PMID: 36607936 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently an increasing contributor to cancer-related mortality. Despite advances in cancer treatment, PDAC survival rates have remained roughly unchanged over the years. Specifically, late diagnosis and insensitivity to currently available therapeutic regimens have been identified as the main causes for its poor survival. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a typical complication associated with PDAC diagnosis and pancreatic surgery. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, a major contributor to maldigestion in PDAC, is often not treated because it remains undetected because of lack of overt signs and symptoms. In this review, we will focus on the major consequences of PEI, including the inadequacy of lipase excretion, which results in deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins. Because PDAC is known for its immune-high jacking mechanisms, we describe key features in which deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins may contribute to the aggressive biological behavior and immune evasion in PDAC. Because PEI has been shown to worsen survival rates in patients with PDAC, detecting PEI and the related fat-soluble vitamin deficits at the time of PDAC diagnosis is critical. Moreover, timely supplementation of pancreatic enzymes and fat-soluble vitamins may improve outcomes for PDAC patients.
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Jiang Y, Xu S, Lan J, Zhang J, Chen T. Dietary Vitamin K Intake and HPV-Infection Status Among American Women: A Secondary Analysis From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data From 2003 to 2016. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604616. [PMID: 36090836 PMCID: PMC9448852 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cervical cancer is a serious potential risk to women’s health, and is closely related to persistent HPV infection. Vitamin K mainly existed in green vegetables, fruit, and dairy products. This research aims to observe the association between vitamin K and HPV-infection. Methods: 13,447 participants from the NHANES were selected. Dietary vitamin K intake was used as the objective independent variable and continuous variable, HPV-infection status was used as the outcome variable, and characteristics of selected participants were used as the covariates. Results: There was a nonlinearity between vitamin K intake and HPV-infection, and the inflection point is 3.81 of log2 vitamin K intake. In a range of 0–3.81, Each one-unit increase in log2 vitamin K intake was associated with a 43% reduction in the risk of HPV infection. When log2 vitamin K intake excess of 3.81, the risk of HPV infection did not continue to decline. The HPV-subtype was not associated with vitamin K intake. Conclusion: There is a nonlinearity between vitamin K intake and HPV-infection status. But HPV-subtype was not associated with vitamin K intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinzhi Lan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinjuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tengxiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Tengxiang Chen,
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7
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Del Aguila EM, Tang XH, Gudas LJ. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: New Insights into the Actions of Vitamin A. Oncol Res Treat 2022; 45:291-298. [PMID: 35130553 PMCID: PMC9064920 DOI: 10.1159/000522425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a gland-forming malignancy arising in the pancreas. It is estimated that in developed countries the incidence of PDAC will continue to rise, and PDAC is now the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. The mortality of PDAC patients closely parallels the incidence rate, as this malignancy generally remains asymptomatic until it reaches an advanced stage. SUMMARY The poor prognosis results from the aggressive nature of the tumor, late detection, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Retinoids, vitamin A (retinol) and its metabolites, such as retinoic acid (RA), play critical roles in important biological functions, including cell growth and differentiation, development, metabolism, and immunity. The actions of retinoids in maintaining normal pancreatic functions have generated considerable research interest from investigators interested in understanding and treating PDAC. Altered expression of retinoid receptors and other RA signaling pathway genes in human cancers offers opportunities for target discovery, drug design, and personalized medicine for distinct molecular retinoid subtypes. KEY MESSAGES The goals of this review are to explore the potential activities of retinoids in the pancreas, to assess the evidence that retinoid functions become dysregulated in PDAC, and to describe the actions of retinoids in new therapies developed to increase patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mere Del Aguila
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, USA
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Yang Y, Li G, Lu Z, Liu Y, Kong J, Liu J. Progression of Prothrombin Induced by Vitamin K Absence-II in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:726213. [PMID: 34900676 PMCID: PMC8660097 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.726213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the lack of efficient tools for early detection, asymptomatic HCC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to a poor prognosis. To improve survival, serum biomarker prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) was under investigation. PIVKA-II is an abnormal protein produced in HCC. The coagulation function was insufficient due to the lack of Gla residues. Elevated PIVKA-II was associated with bad tumor behavior in terms of proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. Three major signaling pathways were proposed to clarify the mechanism. With the advantages including affordability, minimal invasiveness, convenience, and efficiency, PIVKA-II could improve HCC management consisting of four aspects. First, PIVKA-II was an effective and dynamic tool for improving HCC surveillance in high-risk population. Changes in the serum levels of PIVKA-II provided valuable molecular alteration information before imaging discovery. Second, PIVKA-II offered a complementary approach for HCC early detection. Compared to traditional diagnostic approaches, the combination of PIVKA-II and other biomarkers had better performance. Third, PIVKA-II was an indicator for the assessment of response to treatment in HCC. Preoperative assessment was for selecting personalized therapy, and postoperative measurement was for assessing treatment efficacy. Fourth, PIVKA-II was considered as a prognostic predictor for HCC. Patients with elevated PIVKA-II were more likely to develop microvascular invasion, metastasis, and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangbing Li
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junjie Kong
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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van Daal MT, Folkerts G, Garssen J, Braber S. Pharmacological Modulation of Immune Responses by Nutritional Components. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:198-232. [PMID: 34663688 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has increased over the last few decades, and one of the major contributors to this is lifestyle, especially diet. High intake of saturated fatty acids and low intake of dietary fiber is linked to an increase in NCDs. Conversely, a low intake of saturated fatty acids and a high intake of dietary fiber seem to have a protective effect on general health. Several mechanisms have been identified that underlie this phenomenon. In this review, we focus on pharmacological receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, binding partners of the retinoid X receptor, G-coupled protein receptors, and toll-like receptors, which can be activated by nutritional components and their metabolites. Depending on the nutritional component and the receptors involved, both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects occur, leading to an altered immune response. These insights may provide opportunities for the prevention and treatment of NCDs and their inherent (sub)chronic inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes the reported effects of nutritional components and their metabolites on the immune system through manipulation of specific (pharmacological) receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, binding partners of the retinoid X receptor, G-coupled protein receptors, and toll-like receptors. Nutritional components, such as vitamins, fibers, and unsaturated fatty acids are able to resolve inflammation, whereas saturated fatty acids tend to exhibit proinflammatory effects. This may aid decision makers and scientists in developing strategies to decrease the incidence of noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe T van Daal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.T.v.D., G.F., J.G., S.B.); and Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.G.)
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Pimiento JM, Kraemer WJ. Dudrick Research Symposium: Expanding the boundaries of cancer care through nutrition support. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 45:1683-1689. [PMID: 34633094 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The 2020 Dudrick Research Symposium, entitled "Expanding the Boundaries of Cancer Care Through Nutritional Support," was held on March 30, at the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN), Nutrition Science & Practice Conference. It was scheduled to take place in Tampa, Florida, but had to be held virtually. The Dudrick Symposium honors the many pivotal and innovative contributions made by the late Dr Stanley J. Dudrick, physician scientist, academic leader, and a founding member of ASPEN. This year, in addition to honoring his legacy, we honored his life. As the 2019 recipient of the Dudrick Research Scholar Award, Dr Pimiento chaired the symposium. The presentations focused on discussing the history, the present and future frontiers in the overlapping fields of nutrition support and cancer care. The late Dr John Daly opened the presentation with a moving tribute to Dr Dudrick's life and then spoke about the impact of nutrition support on surgical care and outcomes for cancer patients. Dr Pimiento discussed the role of nutraceuticals for cancer chemoprevention, and the level 1 clinical evidence surrounding this topic. Dr Kraemer explored the role of exercise physiology for optimal nutrient utilization and the overlap between targeted physical activity and nutrition support to obtain better outcomes on the cancer population. The symposium was closed by Dr Stephen Hursting, who discussed the impact of obesity in the soaring cancer rates and its relationship with clinical outcomes. In this article, we cover the presentations by Drs Pimiento and Kraemer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Pimiento
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Alharthi S, Attia MS, Abou-Omar MN. pH assists simultaneous determination of folic acid and vitamin D 3 in biological fluids using a novel Tb 3+-acyclovir optical biosensor. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20865-20873. [PMID: 35479388 PMCID: PMC9034052 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02396a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative, simple and cost effective Tb3+-acyclovir photo probe was designed and used as a core for a spectrofluorometric approach to sensitively determine two vital biological compounds in different matrices. The Tb3+-acyclovir complex displays a characteristic electrical band with λ em at 545 nm with significant luminescence intensity, which is quenched in the presence of folic acid and vitamin D3 at pH 5.0 and 9.0, respectively. The conditions were optimized and the best solvent for operation was found to be acetonitrile and λ ex at 340 nm. folic acid was successfully estimated in tablet dosage form, urine and serum in the concentration range of 2.28 × 10-6 to 1.49 × 10-9 mol L-1. Vitamin D3 was also assessed in serum samples using the same optimal conditions within the concentration range of 3.2 × 10-9 to 1.0 × 10-6 mol L -1. The proposed luminescence method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and found to be accurate, precise and specific and free from any interferences. The cost effectiveness and applicability of the method make it a good choice for routine analysis of the two compounds and early diagnosis of chronic diseases associated with abnormalities in their physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Taif University P. O. BOX 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Attia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt +202 1229867311 +202 1060819022
| | - M N Abou-Omar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
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Su X, Wang W, Fang C, Ni C, Zhou J, Wang X, Zhang L, Xu X, Cao R, Lang H, Wang F. Vitamin K2 Alleviates Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle by Improving Mitochondrial Function Via SIRT1 Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:99-117. [PMID: 32253917 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aims: High-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance (IR) impairs skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and functions, adversely affecting human health and lifespan. Vitamin K2 (VK2) has a beneficial role in improving insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of VK2 on insulin sensitivity have not been well established. We investigated VK2's modulation of mitochondrial function to protect against IR in mice and cell models. Results: VK2 supplementation could effectively ameliorate the development of IR by improving mitochondrial function in both HFD-fed mice and palmitate acid-exposed cells. We revealed for the first time that HFD-caused mitochondrial dysfunction could be reversed by VK2 treatment. VK2 enhanced the mitochondrial function by improving mitochondrial respiratory capacity, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and the enzymatic activities of mitochondrial complexes through SIRT1 signaling. The benefits of VK2 were abrogated in C2C12 transfected with SIRT1 siRNA but not in C2C12 transfected with AMPK siRNA. VK2 and SRT1720, a specific agonist of SIRT1, had the same effect on improving mitochondrial function via SIRT1 signaling. Thus, SIRT1 is required for VK2 improvement in skeletal muscle. Further, the beneficial effects of both VK2 and geranylgeraniol contribute to inhibited IR in skeletal muscle via SIRT1. Innovation and Conclusion: These studies demonstrated a previously undiscovered mechanism by which VK2 alleviates IR in skeletal muscle by improving mitochondrial function via SIRT1. Naturally occurring VK2 prevents IR by improving mitochondrial function through SIRT1 signaling. These results could provide a foundation to identify new VK2-based preventive and therapeutic strategies for IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangni Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenchen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, and The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Congwen Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunping Ni
- Department of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaona Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongjuan Lang
- Department of Nursing, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
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Wang K, Wu Q, Li Z, Reger MK, Xiong Y, Zhong G, Li Q, Zhang X, Li H, Foukakis T, Xiang T, Zhang J, Ren G. Vitamin K intake and breast cancer incidence and death: results from a prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:3370-3378. [PMID: 33277073 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vitamin K prevents growth and metastasis of certain cancers, but there is little evidence regarding the association between dietary vitamin K and breast cancer incidence and death. We sought to examine whether intakes of total vitamin K, phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and menaquinones (MKs) (vitamin K2) may influence risks of breast cancer incidence and death in the US population. METHODS Herein, 2286 breast cancer cases and 207 breast cancer deaths were identified during 702,748 person-years of follow-up. Cox regression and competing risk regression were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by dietary vitamin K intake quintile (Q) for risk of breast cancer incidence and mortality. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, the total MK intake was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (HR Q5 vs Q1, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.52; Ptrend, 0.01) and death from breast cancer (HR Q5 vs Q1, 1.71; 95% CI, 0.97 to 3.01; Ptrend, 0.04). Non-linear positive dose-response associations with risks of breast cancer incidence and death were found for total MKs intake (Pnon-linearity<0.05). No statistically significant associations were observed between the intake of total vitamin K and phylloquinone and breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that total MK intake was associated with an altered risk of the occurrence and death of breast cancer in the general US population. If our findings are replicated in other epidemiological studies, reducing dietary intake of menaquinones may offer a novel strategy for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qianxue Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhuyue Li
- West China Hospital / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Michael K Reger
- College of Health Professions Ferris State University, 200 Ferris Drive, VFS 300B, Big Rapids, MI, 49307, USA
| | - Yongfu Xiong
- The First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, China
| | - Guochao Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Stockholm, Sweden; Breast Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center Indiana University, 1050 Wishard Boulevard, RG5118, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Jentzsch V, Davis JAA, Djamgoz MBA. Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC): Introduction of Evidence-Based Complementary Measures into Integrative Clinical Management. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3096. [PMID: 33114159 PMCID: PMC7690843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common form of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which comprises some 85% of all cases. Currently, this is the fourth highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide and its incidence is rising steeply. Commonly applied clinical therapies offer limited chance of a lasting cure and the five-year survival rate is one of the lowest of the commonly occurring cancers. This review cultivates the hypothesis that the best management of PDAC would be possible by integrating 'western' clinical medicine with evidence-based complementary measures. Protecting the liver, where PDAC frequently first spreads, is also given some consideration. Overall, the complementary measures are divided into three groups: dietary factors, nutraceutical agents and lifestyle. In turn, dietary factors are considered as general conditioners, multi-factorial foodstuffs and specific compounds. The general conditioners are alkalinity, low-glycemic index and low-cholesterol. The multi-factorial foodstuffs comprise red meat, fish, fruit/vegetables, dairy, honey and coffee. The available evidence for the beneficial effects of the specific dietary and nutraceutical agents was considered at four levels (in order of prominence): clinical trials, meta-analyses, in vivo tests and in vitro studies. Thus, 9 specific agents were identified (6 dietary and 3 nutraceutical) as acceptable for integration with gemcitabine chemotherapy, the first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. The specific dietary agents were the following: Vitamins A, C, D and E, genistein and curcumin. As nutraceutical compounds, propolis, triptolide and cannabidiol were accepted. The 9 complementary agents were sub-grouped into two with reference to the main 'hallmarks of cancer'. Lifestyle factors covered obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol and exercise. An integrative treatment regimen was devised for the management of PDAC patients. This involved combining first-line gemcitabine chemotherapy with the two sub-groups of complementary agents alternately in weekly cycles. The review concludes that integrated management currently offers the best patient outcome. Opportunities to be investigated in the future include emerging modalities, precision medicine, the nerve input to tumors and, importantly, clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Jentzsch
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Business School, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James A. A. Davis
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
| | - Mustafa B. A. Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
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15
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Kumari A, Bhawal S, Kapila S, Yadav H, Kapila R. Health-promoting role of dietary bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations: a novel prophylactic and therapeutic approach. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:619-639. [PMID: 33081489 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1825286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome is an overall epigenetic state of an organism, which is as important as that of the genome for normal development and functioning of an individual. Epigenetics involves heritable but reversible changes in gene expression through alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of non-coding RNAs in cells, without any change in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are owned by various environmental factors including pollution, microbiota and diet, which have profound effects on epigenetic modifiers. The bioactive compounds present in the diet mainly include curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin, genistein, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, alkaloids, vitamins, and peptides. Bioactive compounds released during fermentation by the action of microbes also have a significant effect on the host epigenome. Besides, recent studies have explored the new insights in vitamin's functions through epigenetic regulation. These bioactive compounds exert synergistic, preventive and therapeutic effects when combined as well as when used with chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, these compounds have potential of therapeutic agents that could be used as "Epidrug" to treat many inflammatory diseases and various cancers where chemotherapy results have many side effects. In this review, the effect of diet derived bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations on in vitro and in vivo models is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kumari
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Shalaka Bhawal
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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16
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Seledtsov VI, von Delwig A. Clinically feasible and prospective immunotherapeutic interventions in multidirectional comprehensive treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:323-342. [PMID: 32981358 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1828338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The immune system is able to exert both tumor-destructive and tumor-protective functions. Immunotherapeutic technologies aim to enhance immune-based anti-tumor activity and (or) weaken tumor-protective immunity. AREAS COVERED Cancer vaccination, antibody (Ab)-mediated cytotoxicity, Ab-based checkpoint molecule inhibition, Ab-based immunostimulation, cytokine therapy, oncoviral therapy, drug-mediated immunostimulation, exovesicular therapy, anti-inflammatory therapy, neurohormonal immunorehabilitation, metabolic therapy, as well as adoptive cell immunotherapy, could be coherently used to synergize and amplify each other in achieving robust anti-cancer responses in cancer patients. Tumor-specific immunotherapy applied at early stages is capable of eliminating remaining tumor cells after surgery, thus preventing the development of minimal residual disease. Patients with advanced disease stages could benefit from combined immunotherapy, which would be aimed at providing tumor cell/mass dormancy. Traditional therapeutic anti-cancer interventions (chemoradiotherapy, hyperthermia, anti-hormonal therapy) could significantly enhance tumor sensitivity to anti-cancer immunotherapy. It is important that lower-dose (metronomic) chemotherapy regimens, which are well-tolerated by normal cells, could advance immune-mediated control over tumor growth. EXPERT OPINION We envisage that combined immunotherapy regimens in the context of traditional treatment could become the mainstream modality for treating cancers in all phases of the tumorigenesis. The effectiveness of the anti-cancer treatment could be monitored by the following blood parameters: C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor I Seledtsov
- Center for Integral Immunotherapy, Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Immunology, Innovita Research Company, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexei von Delwig
- Department of Immunology, Innovita Research Company, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Abdel-Rahman O, Spratlin J, Koski S. Vitamin and herbal supplements’ use among patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers included in eight clinical trials. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2089-2097. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Yan G, Chen R, Xiong N, Song J, Wang X, Tang R. pH-sensitive small molecule nanodrug self-assembled from amphiphilic vitamin B6-E analogue conjugate for targeted synergistic cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 191:111000. [PMID: 32247946 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To promote the targeted cancer therapy, the pH-sensitive small molecule nanodrug self-assembled from amphiphilic vitamin B6-E analogue conjugate was successfully constructed. Herein, water-soluble vitamin B6 with pKa (5.6) was chemically conjugated to lipid-soluble vitamin E succinate (α-TOS), which showed selective cancer cell killing ability and this amphiphilic small molecule vitamin conjugate could self-assemble to be free nanoparticles (NPs) and doxorubicin-loaded NPs (α-TOS-B6-NPs-DOX). The small molecule nanodrugs could perform the following characteristic: (i) stability in the sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) solution and long-term storage stability in PBS via surface negative charge; (ii) tumor accumulation by enhanced penetration and retention (EPR) effect; (iii) improved cellular internalization by means of vitamin B6 transporting membrane carrier (VTC); and (iv) facilitating endosomal escape and rapid drug release for synergistic toxicity to tumor cells via charge reversal and ester hydrolysis at intracellular pH and/or esterase. Moreover, α-TOS-B6-NPs-DOX exhibited long blood circulation stability and significant tumor accumulation and inhibition with the decreased side effects in vivo. Thus, the pH-sensitive small molecule nanodrug self-assembled from amphiphilic vitamin B6-E analogue conjugate could be the potential drug carriers in targeted synergistic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Yan
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Ran Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Nanchi Xiong
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Jiayu Song
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Rupei Tang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China.
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Zhang DM, Luo Y, Yishake D, Liu ZY, He TT, Luo Y, Zhang YJ, Fang AP, Zhu HL. Prediagnostic dietary intakes of vitamin A and β-carotene are associated with hepatocellular-carcinoma survival. Food Funct 2020; 11:759-767. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its precursor (β-carotene) have been linked with cancer incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-ming Zhang
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dinuerguli Yishake
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-yan Liu
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-tong He
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
- Guangzhou 510060
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China
| | - Ai-ping Fang
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-lian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- People's Republic of China
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Tartaglione S, Pecorella I, Zarrillo SR, Granato T, Viggiani V, Manganaro L, Marchese C, Angeloni A, Anastasi E. Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence II (PIVKA-II) as a potential serological biomarker in pancreatic cancer: a pilot study. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2019; 29:020707. [PMID: 31223261 PMCID: PMC6559614 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2019.020707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II) is an abnormal prothrombin increased in gastrointestinal malignancy. We aimed to evaluate PIVKA-II in comparison to established pancreatic cancer (PC) biomarkers (CA 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 242) measured in PC patients and in patients with benign pancreatic diseases. Materials and methods We studied 26 PC patients (Group 1) and 20 patients with benign pancreatic diseases (Group 2). PIVKA-II and CEA were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay method (CLEIA) on LUMIPULSE G1200 (Fujirebio-Europe, Gent, Belgium), CA 19-9 and CA 242 were measured by ELSA (CisBio Bioassays, Codolet, France) and EIA (Fujirebio Diagnostics AB, Göteborg, Sweden), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess biomarkers’ diagnostic characteristics in both groups. Results Median and interquartile range (IQR) in Group 1 and Group 2 were: 1749.0 (320.2 – 3921.0) vs. 31.0 (23.0 – 43.0) mAU/mL (P < 0.001) for PIVKA-II, 260.0 (158.7 – 272.0) vs. 45.2 (9.0 – 58.0) U/mL (P = 0.034) for CA 19-9, 104.0 (30.2 – 150.0) vs. 7.2 (4.8 – 26.0) U/mL (P < 0.050) for CA 242, 9.4 (5.3 – 37.5) vs. 4.5 (1.8 – 7.0) ng/mL (P = 0.021) for CEA. Areas under the ROC curve of PIVKA-II, CA 19-9, CA 242, CEA were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.71 – 1.00), 0.58 (95% CI: 0.38 – 0.78), 0.73 (95% CI: 0.54 – 0.92), 0.64 (95% CI: 0.44 – 0.85), respectively. Conclusions PIVKA-II is significantly higher in PC than in benign pancreatic diseases. PIVKA-II shows a rather good diagnostic performance compared to CA 19-9, CEA and CA242, thus its determination could help PC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tartaglione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Pecorella
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rita Zarrillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Viggiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Manganaro
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Anastasi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic carcinoma is one of the most aggressive cancers overcoming chemoresistance. Thus, novel compounds to complement the current antitumor agents are in need. Ocoxin oral solution (OOS) has proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antistromagenic properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of OOS in an experimental pancreatic cancer model and its implication in stroma-related chemoresistance to paclitaxel and gemcitabine. METHODS Murine pancreatic carcinoma 266-6 cells were treated with OOS to analyze cell cycle and to perform a mRNA comparative microarray study. Then the viability was assessed in combination with paclitaxel and/or gemcitabine. Chemoresistance induced by the medium taken from fibroblast cultures was also investigated on 6 human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, an experimental model of pancreatic cancer was carried out to study the effect of OOS in vivo. RESULTS Ocoxin oral solution enhances the cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel and gemcitabine, while it ameliorates the chemoresistance induced by fibroblast-derived soluble factors in human pancreatic cancer cells. The OOS also promotes the regulation of the expression of genes that are altered in pancreatic carcinoma and slows down 266-6 cell pancreatic tumor development in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Ocoxin oral solution could be a potential complement to the chemotherapeutic drugs for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Managing patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (mPDA) is a challenging proposition for any treating oncologist. Although the potency of first-line therapies has improved with the approvals of FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, many patients are unable to derive significant benefit from later lines of therapy upon progression. Enrollment on clinical trials remains among the best options for patients with mPDA in all lines of therapy. At our institution, we routinely check for microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and perform next-generation sequencing (NGS) at the time of diagnosis in all good performance status mPDA patients. Although MSI-H status is only found in 1% of patients with mPDA, given pembrolizumab's tissue-agnostic approval for MSI-H tumors in later-line settings, it is a viable option when deciding on subsequent lines of therapy. Any use of immune therapy in mPDA is investigational outside the MSI-H setting. NGS can identify BRCA or other DNA damage response (DDR) defects in patients which can predict sensitivity to platinum-based therapies and influence choice of both initial and later lines of therapy. It can also identify rare actionable genomic alterations such as HER2 (2%) and TRK fusions (0.1%) and offer patients the option of enrollment on clinical trials with agents targeting these or other identified alterations. We believe enrolling mPDA patients on clinical trials with immune-modulating agents is critical to determine if there are other patient subsets, outside of the MSI-H setting, who would benefit from these approaches. Immunotherapy's general tolerability and potential to generate durable responses make it particularly appealing for mPDA patients. Although single-modality immunotherapy such as checkpoint inhibitors or vaccines have not demonstrated efficacy in this disease, combinatorial strategies targeting unique aspects of PDA including the tumor microenvironment and desmoplastic stroma have shown preclinical or early-phase success. Validating these treatments with later-phase prospective studies is essential to making immunotherapy a routine component of the treatment armamentarium for mPDA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Das
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Jordan Berlin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dana Cardin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 777 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Vitamin K: Redox-modulation, prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and anticancer effect. Redox Biol 2018; 16:352-358. [PMID: 29597144 PMCID: PMC5953218 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is directed to the redox-modulating properties and anticancer effect of vitamin K. The concept is focused on two aspects: (i) redox-cycle of vitamin K and its effect on the calcium homeostasis, “oncogenic” and “onco-suppressive” reactive oxygen species and the specific induction of oxidative stress in cancer; (ii) vitamin K plus C as a powerful redox-system, which forms a bypass between mitochondrial complexes II and III and thus prevents mitochondrial dysfunction, restores oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis, modulates the redox-state of endogenous redox-pairs, eliminates the hypoxic environment of cancer cells and induces cell death. The analyzed data suggest that vitamin C&K can sensitize cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy, which allows achievement of a lower effective dose of the drug and minimizing the harmful side-effects. The review is intended for a wide audience of readers - from students to specialists in the field.
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Liu Y, Wang X, Sun X, Lu S, Liu S. Vitamin intake and pancreatic cancer risk reduction: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0114. [PMID: 29595633 PMCID: PMC5895396 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between vitamin intake and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk is disputed. We aimed to investigate the association between vitamin intake and the risk of PC via meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of studies concerning vitamin intake and the risk of PC from EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. The search yielded 25 correlative studies including 1,214,995 individuals. The relative risks (RR) were examined by a random-effect model or fixed-effect model. Subgroup analysis, dose-response analysis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and publication bias analysis were used to analyze studies. RESULTS The RR of PC in the highest vitamin intake group was 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.98) compared with that in the lowest vitamin intake in the prospective studies. Different increments of vitamin intake and the risk of PC were examined with dose-response analysis, and a decrease in the risk of PC was observed with vitamin D (25%) and vitamin B12 (27%). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis found that vitamin intake can decrease the risk of PC, particularly vitamin D and vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Heilongjiang Institute of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Disease, Harbin
| | - Xuejia Sun
- Department of Radiology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University
| | - Shengnan Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University
| | - Shi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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Kim B, Kim HH, Lee ZH. α-Tocopheryl Succinate Inhibits Osteolytic Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer by Suppressing Migration of Cancer Cells and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand Expression of Osteoblasts. J Bone Metab 2018; 25:23-33. [PMID: 29564303 PMCID: PMC5854820 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2018.25.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women and has a high incidence of bone metastasis, causing osteolytic lesions. The elevated expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in cancer activates osteoclasts, leading to bone destruction. We previously reported that α-tocopheryl succinate (αTP-suc) inhibited interleukin-1-induced RANKL expression in osteoblasts. Here, we examined the effect of αTP-suc on osteolytic bone metastasis in breast cancer. Methods To examine the effect of αTP-suc on the metastatic capacity of breast cancer, MDA-MB-231-FL cells were injected into the left cardiac ventricle of BALB/c nude mice along with intraperitoneal injection of αTP-suc. The mice were then analyzed by bioluminescence imaging. To investigate the effect of αTP-suc on osteolysis, 4T1 cells were directly injected into the femur of BALB/c mice along with intraperitoneal injection of αTP-suc. Microcomputed tomography analysis and histomorphometric analysis of the femora were performed. Results αTP-suc inhibited cell migration and cell growth of 4T1 cells. In line with these results, bone metastasis of MDA-MB-231-FL cells was reduced in mice injected with αTP-suc. In addition, αTP-suc decreased osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting 4T1-induced RANKL expression in osteoblasts. Consistent with these results, 4T1-induced bone destruction was ameliorated by αTP-suc, with in vivo analysis showing reduced tumor burden and osteoclast numbers. Conclusions Our findings suggest that αTP-suc may be efficiently utilized to prevent and treat osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer with dual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjun Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park M, Upton D, Blackmon M, Dixon V, Craver S, Neal D, Perkins D. Anacardic acid inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth, and potentiates chemotherapeutic effect by Chmp1A - ATM - p53 signaling pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:71. [PMID: 29463243 PMCID: PMC5819688 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related death and its incidence has risen steadily. Although anticancer drugs have been developed based on the new molecular findings, the drugs have produced unsatisfactory results due to toxicity and resistance. Thus, a complementary therapeutic intervention is urgently needed for pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS The aim of this study was to assess the potential therapeutic effect of Anacardic acid on pancreatic cancer in vitro and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Human pancreatic cancer cells were treated with Anacardic acid and assessed for the cytotoxic effect using MTT and spheroid formation assays. Using the same methods, the synergy between Anacardic acid and 5-Fluorouracil or Gemcitabine was determined. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry were performed on cancer cells treated with Anacardic acid alone or in combination with 5-Fluorouracil or Gemcitabine. Chromatin Modifying Protein 1A (Chmp1A), Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), and p53 were the primary signaling molecules examined. In addition, Chmp1A was silenced with shRNA to examine the necessity of Chmp1A for the anticancer effect of Anacardic acid, 5-Fluorouracil, or Gemcitabine. RESULTS Anacardic acid induced an anticancer effect in pancreatic cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner, and increased the cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil or Gemcitabine in MTT cell viability assays. In spheroid formation assays, spheroids formed were smaller in size and in number upon Anacardic acid treatment compared to control. Mechanistically, Anacardic acid exerted its anticancer activity via the activation of Chmp1A, ATM, and p53. Interestingly, 5-Fluorouracil and Gemcitabine also induced an increase in Chmp1A protein level, suggesting that Chmp1A might mediate the cytotoxic action of chemotherapeutics. Silencing experiments indicate that Chmp1A is required for the action of Anacardic acid, but not for 5-Fluorouracil or Gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that Anacardic Acid might be a promising complementary supplement to slow the initiation or progression of pancreatic cancer.
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Lu YX, Wu QN, Chen DL, Chen LZ, Wang ZX, Ren C, Mo HY, Chen Y, Sheng H, Wang YN, Wang Y, Lu JH, Wang DS, Zeng ZL, Wang F, Wang FH, Li YH, Ju HQ, Xu RH. Pharmacological Ascorbate Suppresses Growth of Gastric Cancer Cells with GLUT1 Overexpression and Enhances the Efficacy of Oxaliplatin Through Redox Modulation. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1312-1326. [PMID: 29507622 PMCID: PMC5835938 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The antitumor activity of high-dose ascorbate has been re-evaluated recently, but the mechanism underlying cell-specific sensitivity to ascorbate has not yet been clarified. Methods: The effects of high-dose ascorbate on gastric cancer were assessed using cancer cell lines with high and low expression of GLUT1 via flow cytometry and colony formation assays in vitro and patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that gastric cancer cells with high GLUT1 expression were more sensitive to ascorbate treatment than cells with low GLUT1 expression. GLUT1 knockdown significantly reversed the therapeutic effects of pharmacological ascorbate, while enforced expression of GLUT1 enhanced the sensitivity to ascorbate treatment. The efficacy of pharmacological ascorbate administration in mice bearing cell line-based and patient-derived xenografts was influenced by GLUT1 protein levels. Mechanistically, ascorbate depleted intracellular glutathione, generated oxidative stress and induced DNA damage. The combination of pharmacological ascorbate with genotoxic agents, including oxaliplatin and irinotecan, synergistically inhibited gastric tumor growth in mouse models. Conclusions: The current study showed that GLUT1 expression was inversely correlated with sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to pharmacological ascorbate and suggested that GLUT1 expression in gastric cancer may serve as a marker for sensitivity to pharmacological ascorbate.
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Zhang X, Huang XZ, Chen WJ, Wu J, Chen Y, Wu CC, Wang ZN. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, vitamin D intake, and pancreatic cancer risk or mortality: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64395-64406. [PMID: 28969079 PMCID: PMC5610011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between vitamin D status, including plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and vitamin D intake, and pancreatic cancer risk and mortality are inconsistent. The aims of this study are to evaluate the antitumor and therapeutic effects of vitamin D status for pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS A literature search for relevant studies was conducted using PubMed and Embase databases. Risk ratio (RR), hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the effect measures. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata software 12.0. RESULTS Our results indicated that high plasma 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with pancreatic cancer mortality without significant heterogeneity (HR=0.81, 95% CI=0.68-0.96). However, high plasma 25(OH)D levels could not reduce pancreatic cancer risk (RR=1.02, 95% CI=0.66-1.57). Moreover, vitamin D intake was also not associated with pancreatic cancer risk (RR=1.11, 95% CI=0.67-1.86). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that high plasma 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with improved survival in pancreatic cancer patients. However, there were no significant associations between vitamin D intake or plasma 25(OH)D levels and pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Zhang Huang
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Chen
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - You Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Wenzhou Dental Hospital, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Cong Wu
- Department of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
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Wei X, Xu Y, Xu FF, Chaiswing L, Schnell D, Noel T, Wang C, Chen J, St Clair DK, St Clair WH. RelB Expression Determines the Differential Effects of Ascorbic Acid in Normal and Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1345-1356. [PMID: 28108513 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells typically experience higher oxidative stress than normal cells, such that elevating pro-oxidant levels can trigger cancer cell death. Although pre-exposure to mild oxidative agents will sensitize cancer cells to radiation, this pre-exposure may also activate the adaptive stress defense system in normal cells. Ascorbic acid is a prototype redox modulator that when infused intravenously appears to kill cancers without injury to normal tissues; however, the mechanisms involved remain elusive. In this study, we show how ascorbic acid kills cancer cells and sensitizes prostate cancer to radiation therapy while also conferring protection upon normal prostate epithelial cells against radiation-induced injury. We found that the NF-κB transcription factor RelB is a pivotal determinant in the differential radiosensitization effects of ascorbic acid in prostate cancer cells and normal prostate epithelial cells. Mechanistically, high reactive oxygen species concentrations suppress RelB in cancer cells. RelB suppression decreases expression of the sirtuin SIRT3 and the powerful antioxidant MnSOD, which in turn increases oxidative and metabolic stresses in prostate cancer cells. In contrast, ascorbic acid enhances RelB expression in normal cells, improving antioxidant and metabolic defenses against radiation injury. In addition to showing how RelB mediates the differential effects of ascorbic acid on cancer and normal tissue radiosensitivities, our work also provides a proof of concept for the existence of redox modulators that can improve the efficacy of radiotherapy while protecting against normal tissue injury in cancer settings. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1345-56. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Fang Xu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Luksana Chaiswing
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - David Schnell
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Teresa Noel
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Chi Wang
- Biostatistics Core, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
| | - William H St Clair
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Li J, Guo C, Feng F, Fan A, Dai Y, Li N, Zhao D, Chen X, Lu Y. Co-delivery of docetaxel and palmitoyl ascorbate by liposome for enhanced synergistic antitumor efficacy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38787. [PMID: 27934917 PMCID: PMC5146911 DOI: 10.1038/srep38787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoyl ascorbate (PA) as an antioxidant has the potential for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, a nanocarrier system was developed for co-delivery of docetaxel (DOC) with palmitoyl ascorbate and the therapeutic efficacy of a combination drug regimen was investigated. For this purpose, different ratios of docetaxel and palmitoyl ascorbate were co-encapsulated in a liposome and they all showed high encapsulation efficiency. The average diameters of the liposomes ranged from 140 to 170 nm. Negative zeta potential values were observed for all systems, ranged from -40 mV to -56 mV. Studies on drug release and cellular uptake of the co-delivery system demonstrated that both drugs were effectively taken up by the cells and released slowly. Moreover, the liposome loading drugs with DOC/PA concentration ratio of 1:200 showed the highest anti-tumor activity to three different types of tumor cells. The higher in vivo therapeutic efficacy with lower systemic toxicity of the DOC-PA200-LPs was also verified by the H22 tumor bearing mice model. Our results showed that such co-loaded delivery systems could serve as a promising therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes against hepatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Li
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmain Avenue, Jiangning District, Najing, 211198, China
| | - Chaorui Guo
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmain Avenue, Jiangning District, Najing, 211198, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmain Avenue, Jiangning District, Najing, 211198, China
| | - Ali Fan
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmain Avenue, Jiangning District, Najing, 211198, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmain Avenue, Jiangning District, Najing, 211198, China
| | - Ning Li
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmain Avenue, Jiangning District, Najing, 211198, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmain Avenue, Jiangning District, Najing, 211198, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmain Avenue, Jiangning District, Najing, 211198, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, #639 Longmain Avenue, Jiangning District, Najing, 211198, China
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Himbert C, Ose J, Delphan M, Ulrich CM. A systematic review of the interrelation between diet- and surgery-induced weight loss and vitamin D status. Nutr Res 2016; 38:13-26. [PMID: 28381350 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health problem and has been associated with vitamin D deficiency. Intentional weight loss may alter vitamin D status and, conversely, vitamin D supplementation has been hypothesized to aid in weight loss. A systematic literature search in PubMed/Medline identified 3173 articles of which 37 studies (randomized controlled trials (RCT) [n=17], non-RCTs [n=20]) are summarized as effect of: (I) diet-induced weight loss on vitamin D status (n=7), (II) vitamin D supplementation on diet-induced weight loss (n=11), (III) surgery-induced weight loss on vitamin D status (n=15), and (IV) vitamin D supplementation after surgery-induced weight loss on vitamin D status (n=5). While all studies on the effect of diet-induced weight loss on vitamin D status have consistently reported increased vitamin D levels, the targeted percentage of weight loss that is necessary for an increase has varied between 5% and >10%. N=11 RCTs testing the effect of vitamin D supplementation observe that vitamin D supplementation does not result in increased weight loss, but may affect body fat loss. Vitamin D deficiency and subsequent hyperparathyroidism have been detected in post-surgery patients, and there is evidence that vitamin D supplementation improves these post-surgery complications. We review the current evidence addressing the role of vitamin D status and supplementation in diet- and surgery-induced weight loss. Subsequently, we highlight gaps in current research and suggest directions for future research including differences in vitamin D supplementation dosages, indoor vs. outdoor exercise, and the assessment of vitamin D status in different body pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Himbert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Population Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Population Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Mahmoud Delphan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Population Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Exercise Immunology, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Population Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
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Singh VK, Hauer-Jensen M. γ-Tocotrienol as a Promising Countermeasure for Acute Radiation Syndrome: Current Status. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E663. [PMID: 27153057 PMCID: PMC4881489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The hazard of ionizing radiation exposure due to nuclear accidents or terrorist attacks is ever increasing. Despite decades of research, still, there is a shortage of non-toxic, safe and effective medical countermeasures for radiological and nuclear emergency. To date, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) has approved only two growth factors, Neupogen (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), filgrastim) and Neulasta (PEGylated G-CSF, pegfilgrastim) for the treatment of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) following the Animal Efficacy Rule. Promising radioprotective efficacy results of γ-tocotrienol (GT3; a member of the vitamin E family) in the mouse model encouraged its further evaluation in the nonhuman primate (NHP) model. These studies demonstrated that GT3 significantly aided the recovery of radiation-induced neutropenia and thrombocytopenia compared to the vehicle controls; these results particularly significant after exposure to 5.8 or 6.5 Gray (Gy) whole body γ-irradiation. The stimulatory effect of GT3 on neutrophils and thrombocytes (platelets) was directly and positively correlated with dose; a 75 mg/kg dose was more effective compared to 37.5 mg/kg. GT3 was also effective against 6.5 Gy whole body γ-irradiation for improving neutrophils and thrombocytes. Moreover, a single administration of GT3 without any supportive care was equivalent, in terms of improving hematopoietic recovery, to multiple doses of Neupogen and two doses of Neulasta with full supportive care (including blood products) in the NHP model. GT3 may serve as an ultimate radioprotector for use in humans, particularly for military personnel and first responders. In brief, GT3 is a promising radiation countermeasure that ought to be further developed for U.S. FDA approval for the ARS indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Systems, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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