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Peng X, Yang Y, Zhong R, Yang Y, Yan F, Liang N, Yuan S. Zinc and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Clinical Study to Animal Experiment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04193-6. [PMID: 38805169 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) with a high incidence rate globally, and IBD patients are often accompanied by zinc deficiency. This review aims to summarize the potential therapeutic value of zinc supplementation in IBD clinical patients and animal models. Zinc supplementation can relieve the severity of IBD especially in patients with zinc deficiency. The clinical severity of IBD were mainly evaluated through some scoring methods involving clinical performance, endoscopic observation, blood biochemistry, and pathologic biopsy. Through conducting animal experiments, it has been found that zinc plays an important role in alleviating clinical symptoms and improving pathological lesions. In both clinical observation and animal experiment of IBD, the therapeutic mechanisms of zinc interventions have been found to be related to immunomodulation, intestinal epithelial repair, and gut microbiota's balance. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of zinc was clarified in animal experiment. Appropriate zinc supplementation is beneficial for IBD therapy, and the present evidence highlights that alleviating zinc-deficient status can effectively improve the severity of clinical symptoms in IBD patients and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingxiang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, Sichuan, China
| | - Rao Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuexuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, Sichuan, China.
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Zeng X, Wang Z, Yu L, Wang L, Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang C. Zinc Supplementation Reduces Testicular Cell Apoptosis in Mice and Improves Spermatogenic Dysfunction Caused by Marginal Zinc Deficiency. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1656-1668. [PMID: 37515670 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element in the human body and plays an important role in growth, development, and male reproductive functions. Marginal zinc deficiency (MZD) is common in the human population and can cause spermatogenic dysfunction in males. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate methods to improve spermatogenic dysfunction caused by MZD and to further explore its mechanism of action. A total of 75 4-week-old male SPF ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups (control, MZD, MZD + ZnY2, MZD + ZnY4, and MZD + ZnY8, 15 mice per group). The dietary Zn content was 30 mg/kg in the control group and 10 mg/kg in the other groups. From low to high, the Zn supplementation doses administered to the three groups were 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg·bw. After 35 days, the zinc content, sperm quality, activity of spermatogenic enzymes, oxidative stress level, and apoptosis level of the testes in mice were determined. The results showed that MZD decreased the level of Zn in the serum, sperm quality, and activity of spermatogenic enzymes in mice. After Zn supplementation, the Zn level in the serum increased, sperm quality was significantly improved, and spermatogenic enzyme activity was restored. In addition, MZD reduced the content of antioxidants (copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), metallothionein (MT), and glutathione (GSH) and promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) production. The apoptosis index of the testis also increased significantly in the MZD group. After Zn supplementation, the level of oxidative stress decreased, and the apoptosis index in the testis was reduced. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA and Bcl-2/BCL2-associated X (Bax) in the control group decreased in testicular cells, and their expression was restored after Zn supplementation. The results of this study indicated that Zn supplementation can reduce the level of oxidative stress and increase the ability of testicular cells to resist apoptosis, thereby improving spermatogenic dysfunction caused by MZD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchao Zeng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueling Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Mashtoub S, Howarth GS. Emu Oil and zinc monoglycerolate independently reduce disease severity in a rat model of ulcerative colitis. Biometals 2023; 36:1331-1345. [PMID: 37402926 PMCID: PMC10684413 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00521-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by colonic inflammation. Previously, Emu Oil protected the intestine against experimentally-induced inflammatory intestinal disorders. Zinc monoglycerolate (ZMG) polymer, formed by heating zinc oxide with glycerol, demonstrated anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. We aimed to determine whether ZMG, alone or in combination with Emu Oil, could reduce acute colitis severity in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 8/group) were orally-administered either vehicle, ZMG, Emu Oil (EO) or ZMG combined with EO (ZMG/EO) daily. Rats were provided ad libitum access to drinking water (Groups 1-4) or dextran sulphate sodium (DSS; 2%w/v; Groups 5-8) throughout the trial (days 0-5) before euthanasia on day 6. Disease activity index, crypt depth, degranulated mast cells (DMCs) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were assessed. p < 0.05 was considered significant. DSS increased disease severity (days 3-6) compared to normal controls (p < 0.05). Importantly, in DSS-administered rats, ZMG/EO (day 3) and ZMG (day 6) reduced disease activity index compared to controls (p < 0.05). Following DSS consumption, distal colonic crypts lengthened (p < 0.01), occurring to a greater extent with EO compared to ZMG and ZMG/EO (p < 0.001). DSS increased colonic DMC numbers compared to normal controls (p < 0.001); an effect decreased only by EO (p < 0.05). Colonic MPO activity increased following DSS consumption (p < 0.05); notably, ZMG, EO and ZMG/EO treatments decreased MPO activity compared to DSS controls (p < 0.001). EO, ZMG and ZMG/EO did not impact any parameter in normal animals. Emu Oil and ZMG independently decreased selected indicators of colitic disease severity in rats; however, the combination did not reveal any additional benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Mashtoub
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia.
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Gordon S Howarth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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Song WX, Yu ZH, Ren XF, Chen JH, Chen X. Role of micronutrients in inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:711-731. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i17.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune intestinal disease that includes ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and indeterminate colitis. Patients with IBD are often at risk for malnutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies, due to dietary restrictions and poor intestinal absorption. Micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, play an important role in the human body's metabolism and maintenance of tissue functions. This article reviews the role of micronutrients in IBD. Micronutrients can affect the occurrence and progression of IBD by regulating immunity, intestinal flora, oxidative stress, intestinal barrier function, and other aspects. Monitoring and timely supplementation of micronutrients are important to delay progression and improve clinical symptoms in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zi-Han Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Wang Z, Peng C, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yu L, Wang C. Characteristics of Zn Content and Localization, Cu-Zn SOD, and MT Levels in the Tissues of Marginally Zn-Deficient Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:262-271. [PMID: 35064869 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element in the human body, and Zn deficiency affects the Zn content of major tissues. Marginal Zn deficiency is more common than severe Zn deficiency in humans. The objective of the present study was to compare the content and distribution of Zn and the change in the copper (Cu)-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and metallothionein (MT) levels of soft tissues. Mice were fed with 30 mg/kg (control) or 10 mg/kg (marginally Zn-deficient, MZD) Zn diet for 35 days. We observed that only the Zn contents of serum, bones, and muscles in the control group were higher than those in the MZD group. Autometallography (AMG) was used as a method for staining Zn ions, and the semi-quantitative result indicated that the AMG products of the liver, duodenum, heart, lung, testes, and epididymis in the control group were higher than those in the MZD group. Furthermore, the contents of MT and the activities of Cu-Zn SOD in the testes, brain, duodenum, and liver were higher in the control group than those in the MZD group. However, the AMG products and the activities of Cu-Zn SOD of the kidney in the MZD group were more/higher than those in the control group. These results indicated that a change in the total Zn content of soft tissues may be not obvious and insensitive, and thus, more attention should be given to the distribution and localization of Zn ions. The functional indicators, MT and Cu-Zn SOD, are suitable biomarkers for evaluating zinc nutritional status. The brain, testes, duodenum, and liver are susceptive organs to Zn deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.
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Zupo R, Sila A, Castellana F, Bringiotti R, Curlo M, De Pergola G, De Nucci S, Giannelli G, Mastronardi M, Sardone R. Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194052. [PMID: 36235709 PMCID: PMC9572015 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malabsorptive disorders are closely associated with micronutrient deficiencies. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), trace element deficiencies pose a clinical burden from disease onset throughout its course, contributing to morbidity and poor quality of life. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of zinc deficiency in IBD. Literature screening was performed on six electronic databases until 1 May 2022. Two independent investigators assessed the 152 retrieved articles for inclusion criteria, met by only nine, that included 17 prevalence entries for Crohn’s disease (CD) (n = 9) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 8). No exclusion criteria were applied to language, deficiency cut-offs, population age, general health status, country, or study setting (cohort or cross-sectional). The prevalence of zinc deficiency in blood was scored positive if due to a single disease, not cumulative factors. Zinc deficiency prevalence across selected studies showed higher values in CD than in UC. Pooled analyses by the IBD subgroup showed a total population of 1677 with CD, for an overall mean zinc deficiency prevalence of 54% and 95% confidence intervals (CI) ranging from 0.51 to 0.56, versus 41% (95%CI 0.38–0.45) in the UC population (n = 806). The overall prevalence at meta-analysis was estimated at 50% (95%CI 0.48–0.52), but with high heterogeneity, I2 = 96%. The funnel plot analysis failed to show any evidence of publication bias. The risk of bias across selected studies was moderate to low. In IBD contexts, one of two patients suffers from zinc deficiency. Mismanagement of micronutrient deficiencies plays a role in inflammation trajectories and related cross-pathways. Clinicians in the field are advised to list zinc among trace elements to be monitored in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zupo
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Annamaria Sila
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Curlo
- Section of Gastroenterology II, National Institute of Research “Saverio De Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Sara De Nucci
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
- Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Research “Saverio De Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Mauro Mastronardi
- Section of Gastroenterology II, National Institute of Research “Saverio De Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
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Peng C, Cheng Q, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Ma H, Liu D, Wang L, Wang C. Marginal Zinc Deficiency in Mice Increased the Number of Abnormal Sperm and Altered the Expression Level of Spermatogenesis-Related Genes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3738-3749. [PMID: 34676520 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Marginal zinc deficiency is more common than severe zinc deficiency, and the effect of marginal zinc deficiency on male reproduction is unknown. This study investigated the effect of marginal zinc deficiency on spermatogenesis and its mechanism. Male ICR mice were fed normal zinc (30 mg/kg) and marginal zinc deficiency (10 mg/kg) diets for 35 days. Zinc-dependent proteins and enzymes were measured as biomarkers of zinc levels in the body. Metallothionein and Cu-Zn SOD levels in the control group were higher than those in the marginal zinc deficiency group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the marginal zinc deficiency diet caused histopathological changes in the testis and destruction of the sperm head under scanning electron microscopy. Sperm parameters and sex hormone levels were also affected by marginal zinc deficiency. In addition, marginal zinc deficiency led to alter expression level of several important spermatogenesis-related genes in the epididymis and testes. These results indicate that although zinc intake in marginal zinc deficiency is close to the recommended reference value, low zinc intake interferes with the expression of genes related to spermatogenesis and may lead to sperm abnormalities in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Angel Nutritech Company Limited, Yichang, 443000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Youjiao Liu
- Angel Nutritech Company Limited, Yichang, 443000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanya Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Xue H, Song W, Wang Z, Wang Q. Ulva prolifera Polysaccharide–Manganese Alleviates Inflammation and Regulates Microbiota Composition in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:916552. [PMID: 35722338 PMCID: PMC9205199 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.916552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) deficiency exacerbates colitis symptoms, whereas diet supplemented with inorganic Mn merely maintains colon length in experimental colitis. In the present study, a new form of Mn, Ulva prolifera polysaccharide cheated-Mn (PMn) was used and its treatment effects on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis were investigated. Male C57BL/6 mice were orally administrated with 3.5% DSS to induce colitis. Then, the colitis mice were treated with PBS or PMn for 7 days. The results showed that PMn administration help retrieve the body weight loss and intestinal morphology damage, and alleviate apoptosis and inflammatory responses in colitis mice. Moreover, PMn administration decreased intestinal infiltration as indicated by decreased concentration of myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase. Importantly, PMn retrieved the increased abundance of Firmicutes and the decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes caused by DSS, suggested its beneficial roles in regulating microbiota composition in mice with colon inflammation. Gut microbiota composition at the genus level in the mice administrated with PMn was similar to those in control mice, whereas they were clearly distinct from DSS-treated mice. These results support the potential therapeutic role of PMn in the treatment of intestinal colitis and microbes may play critical roles in mediating its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Song
- Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Jinan) of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Wang
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Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062995. [PMID: 35328419 PMCID: PMC8951934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The published literature makes a very strong case that a wide range of disease morbidity associates with and may in part be due to epithelial barrier leak. An equally large body of published literature substantiates that a diverse group of micronutrients can reduce barrier leak across a wide array of epithelial tissue types, stemming from both cell culture as well as animal and human tissue models. Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these micronutrients can induce cell- and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now exists in critical care—but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general—to consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics in a variety of disease management. This consideration is particularly pointed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Lee Y, Tanaka Y, Iwasaki W, Yokoyama F, Joe GH, Tsuji M, Nose T, Tada K, Hanai T, Hori S, Shimizu H, Minamida K, Miwa K, Ishizuka S. Dietary supplementation with okara and Bacillus coagulans lilac-01 improves hepatic lipid accumulation induced by cholic acids in rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ho E, Wong CP, King JC. Impact of zinc on DNA integrity and age-related inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:391-397. [PMID: 34921929 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dr. Bruce Ames was a pioneer in understanding the role of oxidative stress and DNA damage, and in the 1990s began to make connections between micronutrient deficiencies and DNA damage. Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health and a key component for the function of numerous cellular processes. In particular, zinc plays a critical role in cellular antioxidant defense, the maintenance of DNA integrity and is also essential for the normal development and function of the immune system. This review highlights the work helping connect zinc deficiency to oxidative stress, susceptibility to DNA damage and chronic inflammation that was initiated while working with Dr. Ames. This review outlines the body of work in this area, from cells to humans. The article also reviews the unique challenges of maintaining zinc status as we age and the interplay between zinc deficiency and age-related inflammation and immune dysfunction. Several micronutrient deficiencies, including zinc deficiency, can drastically affect the risk of many chronic diseases and underscores the importance of adequate nutrition for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Janet C King
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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12
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DiSilvestro RA, Dardenne M, Joseph E. Comparison of Thymulin Activity with Other Measures of Marginal Zinc Deficiency. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:585-587. [PMID: 32363520 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Activity of the immunoregulatory peptide thymulin reflects differences in zinc status. This study compared thymulin activity with four other zinc status measures in rats fed zinc at either 5 or 25 ppm. Rats fed the lower zinc showed the following results compared with rats with adequate zinc intake: serum thymulin activity 61% lower, serum zinc 31% lower, serum extracellular superoxide dismutase 18% lower, serum 5'-nucleotidase activity 26% lower, and liver metallothionein 28% lower. Thus, thymulin activities showed more sensitivity to restricted zinc intake than did four other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A DiSilvestro
- Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, 345 Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | | | - Elizabeth Joseph
- Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, 345 Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Wark G, Samocha-Bonet D, Ghaly S, Danta M. The Role of Diet in the Pathogenesis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010135. [PMID: 33396537 PMCID: PMC7823614 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that are increasing in prevalence and incidence globally. They are associated with significant morbidity, reduced quality of life to individual sufferers and are an increasing burden on society through direct and indirect costs. Current treatment strategies rely on immunosuppression, which, while effective, is associated with adverse events. Epidemiological evidence suggests that diet impacts the risk of developing IBD and modulates disease activity. Using diet as a therapeutic option is attractive to patients and clinicians alike due to its availability, low cost and few side effects. Diet may influence IBD risk and disease behaviour through several mechanisms. Firstly, some components of the diet influence microbiota structure and function with downstream effects on immune activity. Secondly, dietary components act to alter the structure and permeability of the mucosal barrier, and lastly dietary elements may have direct interactions with components of the immune response. This review will summarise the mechanisms of diet–microbial–immune system interaction, outline key studies examining associations between diet and IBD and evidence demonstrating the impact of diet on disease control. Finally, this review will outline current prescribed dietary therapies for active CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wark
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (D.S.-B.); (S.G.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, SW 2010, Australia
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (D.S.-B.); (S.G.)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Simon Ghaly
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (D.S.-B.); (S.G.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, SW 2010, Australia
| | - Mark Danta
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (D.S.-B.); (S.G.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, SW 2010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Foligné B, George F, Standaert A, Garat A, Poiret S, Peucelle V, Ferreira S, Sobry H, Muharram G, Lucau‐Danila A, Daniel C. High‐dose dietary supplementation with zinc prevents gut inflammation: Investigation of the role of metallothioneins and beyond by transcriptomic and metagenomic studies. FASEB J 2020; 34:12615-12633. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000562rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Foligné
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 ‐ Infinite ‐ Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| | - Fanny George
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 ‐ Infinite ‐ Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483‐IMPECS‐IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine Lille France
| | - Annie Standaert
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 ‐ Infinite ‐ Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| | - Anne Garat
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483‐IMPECS‐IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine Lille France
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie Lille France
| | - Sabine Poiret
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 ‐ CIIL ‐ Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France
| | - Véronique Peucelle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 ‐ CIIL ‐ Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France
| | | | - Hélène Sobry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 ‐ CIIL ‐ Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France
| | - Ghaffar Muharram
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 ‐ CIIL ‐ Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France
| | - Anca Lucau‐Danila
- BIOECOAGRO INRAe, UArtois, ULiege, ULille, ULCO, UPJV, YNCREA, Institut Charles Viollette Lille France
| | - Catherine Daniel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 ‐ CIIL ‐ Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France
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15
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Higashimura Y, Takagi T, Naito Y, Uchiyama K, Mizushima K, Tanaka M, Hamaguchi M, Itoh Y. Zinc Deficiency Activates the IL-23/Th17 Axis to Aggravate Experimental Colitis in Mice. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:856-866. [PMID: 31783404 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], especially Crohn's disease, often develop zinc deficiency. However, the precise mechanisms by which zinc deficiency affects IBD pathology, particularly intestinal macrophage function, remain unclear. We studied the effects of zinc deficiency on the development and progression of colitis in mice. METHODS To induce colitis, mice were treated with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. Rag1-/- mice were then given injections of naïve CD4+CD62L+ T cells. The respective degrees of mucosal injury of mice that had received a zinc chelator (TPEN; N,N,N',N'-tetrakis [2-pyridylmethyl]ethylenediamine) and of control mice were subsequently compared. Colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion and were examined using flow cytometry. To generate mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages [BMDMs], bone marrow cells were stimulated with mouse macrophage-colony stimulating factor. RESULTS Zinc deficiency aggravates colonic inflammation through the activation of type 17 helper T [Th17] cells in mice. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that zinc deficiency significantly increases the proportion of pro-inflammatory [M1] macrophages in colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells obtained from inflamed colon. Interferon-γ plus lipopolysaccharide-mediated M1 skewing alters the expression of zinc transporters in BMDMs and thereby decreases the intracellular free zinc. TPEN treatment mimicking the effects of the M1 skewing up-regulates IL-23p19 expression, which is strongly related to Th17 development. Furthermore, the nuclear accumulation of interferon-regulatory factor 5 is closely involved in IL-23p19 induction in zinc-deficient macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Zinc deficiency aggravates colonic inflammation through activation of the IL-23/Th17 axis. This activation is controlled by subcellular distribution of interferon-regulatory factor 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Higashimura
- Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan.,Department for Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Tanaka
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
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SAKAI K, HATOYA S, FURUYA M, SHIMAMURA S, NABETANI T, TANI H, SHIMADA T. Decreased serum zinc concentration in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis, and its associations with disease severity and prognosis. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:759-763. [PMID: 32295995 PMCID: PMC7324817 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human patients with inflammatory bowel disease may have poor prognosis with hypozincemia. However, there are limited data on zinc concentrations in the blood of dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis (LPE). The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum zinc concentration in dogs with LPE and its influence on disease severity and prognosis. Thirty-five dogs with LPE were recruited. Serum zinc concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Hypozincemia was observed in 18/35 (51%) dogs with LPE. Serum zinc concentration was inversely correlated with histological and clinical severities. Overall survivals were significantly shorter in dogs with hypozincemia than in those without it. These findings suggest that serum zinc concentration is a useful biomarker for LPE severity and prognosis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei SAKAI
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and
Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku, Ourai Kita, Izumisano,
Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo HATOYA
- Laboratory of Cell Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and
Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku, Ourai Kita, Izumisano,
Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Masaru FURUYA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku, Ourai Kita,
Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shunsuke SHIMAMURA
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and
Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku, Ourai Kita, Izumisano,
Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoyo NABETANI
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and
Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku, Ourai Kita, Izumisano,
Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki TANI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku, Ourai Kita,
Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Terumasa SHIMADA
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Life and
Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku, Ourai Kita, Izumisano,
Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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17
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Schneider T, Caviezel D, Ayata CK, Kiss C, Niess JH, Hruz P. The Copper/Zinc Ratio Correlates With Markers of Disease Activity in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2020; 2:otaa001. [PMID: 32551440 PMCID: PMC7291944 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are trace elements that serve as cofactors in catalytic processes with impact on immune responses. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), decreased levels of serum Zn and Cu have been observed. Here, we investigated the effect of inflammation on serum concentrations of these trace elements in patients with IBD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 98 patients with Crohn disease (CD) and 56 with ulcerative colitis (UC) were prospectively enrolled. Disease activity parameters, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin (FC) were compared to serum Zn, Cu, and Cu/Zn ratio. RESULTS Zinc insufficiency was observed in 11.2% of patients with CD and 14.3% with UC, Cu insufficiency in 20.4% with CD and 7.1% with UC. Anemia, hypoalbuminemia, increased FC, and elevated CRP were more frequently present in Zn-insufficient patients with IBD. In contrast, lower serum CRP values and a trend to lower FC were observed in Cu-insufficient patients. In multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, and serum albumin, CRP positively correlated with serum Cu (P < 0.001) and the Cu/Zn ratio in both CD and UC (P < 0.001) but not with serum Zn concentrations. FC levels correlated only with the Cu/Zn ratio in patients with UC (P < 0.038). CONCLUSION Systemic inflammation inversely affected the serum Zn and Cu concentrations and, consequently, resulted in an increased Cu/Zn ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schneider
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Caviezel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Korcan Ayata
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Kiss
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Hruz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland,Address correspondence to: Petr Hruz, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland ()
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18
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Contribution of Zinc and Zinc Transporters in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:8396878. [PMID: 30984791 PMCID: PMC6431494 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8396878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells cover the surface of the intestinal tract. The cells are important for preserving the integrity of the mucosal barriers to protect the host from luminal antigens and pathogens. The mucosal barriers are maintained by the continuous and rapid self-renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. Defects in the self-renewal of these cells are associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases and diarrhea. Zinc is an essential trace element for living organisms, and zinc deficiency is closely linked to the impaired mucosal integrity. Recent evidence has shown that zinc transporters contribute to the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells. In this review, we describe the recent advances in understanding the role of zinc and zinc transporters in the barrier function and homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells.
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19
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Hori S, Hara H, Ishizuka S. Marginal iron deficiency enhances liver triglyceride accumulation in rats fed a high-sucrose diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:2140-2148. [PMID: 30185127 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1515616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether marginal iron-deficiency (MID) without anemia influences liver lipid accumulation in rats. Ingestion of a MID diet in which the iron concentration was half of AIN-93 formulation (iron-adequate, IA) for 3 weeks decreased liver iron concentration without anemia. We then evaluated the influence of the MID diet on liver lipid accumulation in combination with a high-sucrose (HS) diet and confirmed that the HS-MID diet successfully decreased liver iron concentration without anemia. Additionally, a significant increase in liver triglyceride concentration was found, accompanied by upregulation of hepatic fatty acid synthase expression in the rats fed the HS-MID diet compared to those in the rats fed an HS-IA diet, although no difference was observed in plasma transaminase activity and hepatic interleukin-1β expression. These results suggest that MID enhances de novo lipid synthesis via upregulation of lipogenic gene expression in combination with sucrose in the diet. Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HS, high sucrose; IA, iron adequate; ID, iron deficiency; MID, marginal irondeficiency; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Hori
- a Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- a Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- a Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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20
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Fong LY, Taccioli C, Jing R, Smalley KJ, Alder H, Jiang Y, Fadda P, Farber JL, Croce CM. MicroRNA dysregulation and esophageal cancer development depend on the extent of zinc dietary deficiency. Oncotarget 2017; 7:10723-38. [PMID: 26918602 PMCID: PMC4905434 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency (ZD) increases the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and marginal ZD is prevalent in humans. In rats, marked-ZD (3 mg Zn/kg diet) induces a proliferative esophagus with a 5-microRNA signature (miR-31, -223, -21, -146b, -146a) and promotes ESCC. Here we report that moderate and mild-ZD (6 and 12 mg Zn/kg diet) also induced esophageal hyperplasia, albeit less pronounced than induced by marked-ZD, with a 2-microRNA signature (miR-31, -146a). On exposure to an environmental carcinogen, ∼16% of moderate/mild-ZD rats developed ESCC, a cancer incidence significantly greater than for Zn-sufficient rats (0%) (P ≤ 0.05), but lower than marked-ZD rats (68%) (P < 0.001). Importantly, the high ESCC, marked-ZD esophagus had a 15-microRNA signature, resembling the human ESCC miRNAome, with miR-223, miR-21, and miR-31 as the top-up-regulated species. This signature discriminated it from the low ESCC, moderate/mild-ZD esophagus, with a 2-microRNA signature (miR-31, miR-223). Additionally, Fbxw7, Pdcd4, and Stk40 (tumor-suppressor targets of miR-223, -21, and -31) were downregulated in marked-ZD cohort. Bioinformatics analysis predicted functional relationships of the 3 tumor-suppressors with other cancer-related genes. Thus, microRNA dysregulation and ESCC progression depend on the extent of dietary Zn deficiency. Our findings suggest that even moderate ZD may promote esophageal cancer and dietary Zn has preventive properties against ESCC. Additionally, the deficiency-associated miR-223, miR-21, and miR-31 may be useful therapeutic targets in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Y Fong
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cristian Taccioli
- Animal Medicine, Production and Health Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ruiyan Jing
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karl J Smalley
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hansjuerg Alder
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yubao Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John L Farber
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Shao YX, Lei Z, Wolf PG, Gao Y, Guo YM, Zhang BK. Zinc Supplementation, via GPR39, Upregulates PKCζ to Protect Intestinal Barrier Integrity in Caco-2 Cells Challenged bySalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium. J Nutr 2017; 147:1282-1289. [DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.243238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Patricia G Wolf
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc plays a pivotal role in wound repair, tissue regeneration, and the immune response. Although zinc deficiency is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the impact of low serum zinc levels on disease course is not known. METHODS Patients enrolled in a prospectively collected IBD registry with at least 2 serum zinc measurements were included in the analysis. Using a logistic regression model, rates of IBD-related surgeries, IBD-related hospitalizations, and IBD-related complications were evaluated after a diagnosis of zinc deficiency (serum concentration <0.66 μg/mL) compared with those with normal zinc concentrations. In patients who were zinc deficient, outcomes were also analyzed between those who had normalization of zinc levels within 12 months and those who remained deficient. RESULTS A total of 773 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 223 with ulcerative colitis (UC) were included in the analysis. After adjusting for covariates, zinc deficiency was associated with an increased risk of subsequent hospitalizations, surgeries, and disease-related complications in patients with CD and UC (CD: hospitalizations, odds ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval [1.02-2.04]; surgeries, 2.05 [1.38-3.05]; complications, 1.50 [1.04-2.15]; UC: hospitalizations, 2.14 [1.07-4.29]; surgeries, 1.64 [0.59-4.52]; complications, 1.97 [0.94-4.11]). Normalization of zinc was associated with improvement in these outcomes in patients with both CD and UC. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IBD with serum zinc deficiency are more likely to have adverse disease-specific outcomes. As these outcomes improve with normalization of zinc, the results from this study support the role for close monitoring and replacement of zinc in patients with IBD.
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23
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Ananthakrishnan AN, Khalili H, Song M, Higuchi LM, Richter JM, Chan AT. Zinc intake and risk of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 44:1995-2005. [PMID: 26546032 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet plays a role in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Dietary zinc may influence risk of disease through effects on autophagy, innate and adaptive immune response and maintenance of the intestinal barrier. METHODS We analysed data from 170 776 women from the Nurses Health Study I and Nurses Health Study II, who were followed for 26 years. Zinc intake was assessed using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires administered every 4 years. Incident CD and UC were ascertained by medical record review. Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders determined the independent association between zinc intake and incident disease. RESULTS Over 3 317 550 person-years (p-y) of follow-up, we identified 269 incident cases of CD and 338 incident cases of UC. Zinc intake ranged from 9 mg/day in the lowest quintile to 27 mg/day in the highest quintile. Compared with women with the lowest quintile of intake, the multivariate hazard ratios (HR) for CD were 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65 – 1.29) for women in the second quintile of intake, 0.60 (95% CI, 0.40 – 0.89) for the third quintile, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.38 – 0.86) for fourth quintile and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.50 – 1.10) for the highest quintile (Ptrend = 0.003). The association was stronger for dietary zinc (HR 0.63, 95% CI, 0.43 – 0.93, comparing extreme quintiles) than for zinc intake from supplements. Neither dietary nor supplemental zinc modified risk of UC. CONCLUSIONS In two large prospective cohorts of women, intake of zinc was inversely associated with risk of CD but not UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Nakajima S, Hira T, Iwaya H, Hara H. Zinc directly stimulates cholecystokinin secretion from enteroendocrine cells and reduces gastric emptying in rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 430:108-14. [PMID: 27107934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Zinc, an essential mineral element, regulates various physiological functions such as immune responses and hormone secretion. Cholecystokinin (CCK), a gut hormone, has a role in protective immunity through the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, appetite, and inflammatory response. Here, we examined the effect of zinc on CCK secretion in STC-1 cells, an enteroendocrine cell line derived from murine duodenum, and in rats. Extracellular zinc triggered CCK secretion accompanied with increased intracellular Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) mobilization in STC-1 cells. Zinc-induced CCK secretion was abolished in the absence of intracellular Zn(2+) or extracellular calcium. Upon inhibition of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), extracellular zinc failed to increase intracellular Ca(2+) and subsequent CCK secretion. In rats, oral zinc administration decreased gastric emptying through the activation of CCK signaling. These results suggest that zinc is a novel stimulant for CCK secretion through the activation of TRPA1 related to intracellular Zn(2+) and Ca(2+) mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakajima
- Research Faculty of Health Science, Hokkaido University, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Tohru Hira
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Iwaya
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan; La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, USA
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan
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Miyoshi Y, Tanabe S, Suzuki T. Cellular zinc is required for intestinal epithelial barrier maintenance via the regulation of claudin-3 and occludin expression. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G105-16. [PMID: 27151944 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00405.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular zinc is required for a variety of cell functions, but its precise roles in the maintenance of the intestinal tight junction (TJ) barrier remain unclear. The present study investigated the essential roles of intracellular zinc in the preservation of intestinal TJ integrity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Depletion of intracellular zinc in both intestinal Caco-2 cells and mouse colons through the application of a cell-permeable zinc chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) induced a disruption of the TJ barrier, as indicated by increased FITC-labeled dextran flux and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance. The TPEN-induced TJ disruption is associated with downregulation of two TJ proteins, occludin and claudin-3. Biotinylation of cell surface proteins revealed that the zinc depletion induced the proteolysis of occludin but not claudin-3. Occludin proteolysis was sensitive to the inhibition of calpain activity, and increased calpain activity was observed in the zinc-depleted cells. Although quantitative PCR analysis and promoter reporter assay have demonstrated that the zinc depletion-induced claudin-3 downregulation occurred at transcriptional levels, a site-directed mutation in the egr1 binding site in the claudin-3 promoter sequence induced loss of both the basal promoter activity and the TPEN-induced decreases. Reduced egr1 expression by a specific siRNA also inhibited claudin-3 expression and transepithelial electrical resistance maintenance in cells. This study shows that intracellular zinc has an essential role in the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier through regulation of occludin proteolysis and claudin-3 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Miyoshi
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Soichi Tanabe
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Chen J, Wang S, Luo M, Zhang Z, Dai X, Kong M, Cai L, Wang Y, Shi B, Tan Y. From the Cover: Zinc Deficiency Worsens and Supplementation Prevents High-Fat Diet Induced Vascular Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Pathological Remodeling. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:124-36. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Reed S, Neuman H, Moscovich S, Glahn RP, Koren O, Tako E. Chronic Zinc Deficiency Alters Chick Gut Microbiota Composition and Function. Nutrients 2015; 7:9768-84. [PMID: 26633470 PMCID: PMC4690049 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a prevalent micronutrient insufficiency. Although the gut is a vital organ for Zn utilization, and Zn deficiency is associated with impaired intestinal permeability and a global decrease in gastrointestinal health, alterations in the gut microbial ecology of the host under conditions of Zn deficiency have yet to be studied. Using the broiler chicken (Gallus gallus) model, the aim of this study was to characterize distinct cecal microbiota shifts induced by chronic dietary Zn depletion. We demonstrate that Zn deficiency induces significant taxonomic alterations and decreases overall species richness and diversity, establishing a microbial profile resembling that of various other pathological states. Through metagenomic analysis, we show that predicted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways responsible for macro- and micronutrient uptake are significantly depleted under Zn deficiency; along with concomitant decreases in beneficial short chain fatty acids, such depletions may further preclude optimal host Zn availability. We also identify several candidate microbes that may play a significant role in modulating the bioavailability and utilization of dietary Zn during prolonged deficiency. Our results are the first to characterize a unique and dysbiotic cecal microbiota during Zn deficiency, and provide evidence for such microbial perturbations as potential effectors of the Zn deficient phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spenser Reed
- USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Hadar Neuman
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold St, Safed 1311502, Israel.
| | - Sharon Moscovich
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold St, Safed 1311502, Israel.
| | - Raymond P Glahn
- USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Omry Koren
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 8 Henrietta Szold St, Safed 1311502, Israel.
| | - Elad Tako
- USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Li C, Guo S, Gao J, Guo Y, Du E, Lv Z, Zhang B. Maternal high-zinc diet attenuates intestinal inflammation by reducing DNA methylation and elevating H3K9 acetylation in the A20 promoter of offspring chicks. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:173-83. [PMID: 25541535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A20 is an anti-inflammatory protein that suppresses ubiquitin-dependent nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, which can be regulated by the microelement zinc (Zn). In mammals, Zn deficiency contributes to a decrease in A20 abundance, which impairs the gut mucosa barrier. However, it is unclear whether the epigenetic reprogramming of the A20 promoter is involved in enhanced Zn-induced intestinal immunity, especially in avian species. Herein, we show that maternal organic Zn exposure resulted in significantly improved intestinal morphological characteristics, increased mucin 2 (MUC2) abundance and secretory IgA (sIgA) production in progeny jejunums. Maternal and offspring Zn supplementation partially alleviated Zn-deficiency-induced inflammatory response, accompanied by repression of NF-κB signaling. Additionally, we observed DNA hypomethylation and histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) hyperacetylation at the A20 promoter region and subsequent activated A20 expression in Zn-supplemented hens compared with control. Notably, maternal dietary organic Zn exposure exhibited greater attenuation of gut impairment, along with increased MUC2 expression and sIgA level, and decreased the abundance of TNF-α and A20 relative to the inorganic-Zn group. Furthermore, enhanced acetylated H3K9 and A20 transcription at day 14 was found in the offspring adequate dietary Zn group. Thus, A20 may be a novel inflammatory-suppressed factor of chick gut that is persistently promoted by dietary Zn supplementation via epigenetic modifications at A20 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwu Li
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Jing Gao
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Yuming Guo
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193.
| | - Encun Du
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Beibei Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
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Leoni G, Rosato A, Perozzi G, Murgia C. Zinc proteome interaction network as a model to identify nutrient-affected pathways in human pathologies. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:436. [PMID: 25367142 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient playing fundamental roles in cellular metabolism. It acts mostly through binding a wide range of proteins, thus affecting a broad spectrum of biological processes, which include cell division, growth and differentiation. Full annotation of zinc-binding proteins showed them to represent about 10 % of the human proteome, with over 300 enzymes containing zinc ions within their catalytic domains. Also, hundreds of key regulatory proteins, including transcription factors, require zinc for their activity. In this study, the whole set of zinc-binding proteins together with their direct interactors was listed and defined as the zinc proteome (ZNP). We interrogated pathway analysis tools to identify the cellular processes that are predicted to be affected by zinc availability. Network and functional enrichment analyses highlighted biological processes potentially affected by deregulated zinc homeostasis. This computational approach was also tested on a real case study: The possible involvement of ZNP network proteins in Crohn's disease pathogenesis was assessed on genes transcriptionally regulated in the intestine of patients affected by this condition. The analysis produced a network of pathways likely to be influenced by zinc and associated with Crohn's disease. These results highlight a central role for zinc in the tissue remodeling process which occurs upon gut inflammation, pointing at novel disease pathways whose effect could be worsened by zinc dyshomeostasis and impaired zinc fluxes in specific damaged areas. Overall, our computational approach could provide novel insights into pathological conditions and could therefore be used to drive mechanistic research in under-investigated fields of research. An interactive version of the determined ZNP network is available at URL http://93.63.165.11/ZNnetwork/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Leoni
- CRA-NUT, Food and Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Council, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178, Rome, Italy
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30
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de Queiroz CAA, Fonseca SGC, Frota PB, Figueiredo IL, Aragão KS, Magalhães CEC, de Carvalho CBM, Lima AÂM, Ribeiro RA, Guerrant RL, Moore SR, Oriá RB. Zinc treatment ameliorates diarrhea and intestinal inflammation in undernourished rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:136. [PMID: 25095704 PMCID: PMC4142448 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WHO guidelines recommend zinc supplementation as a key adjunct therapy for childhood diarrhea in developing countries, however zinc's anti-diarrheal effects remain only partially understood. Recently, it has been recognized that low-grade inflammation may influence stunting. In this study, we examined whether oral zinc supplementation could improve weight, intestinal inflammation, and diarrhea in undernourished weanling rats. METHODS Rats were undernourished using a northeastern Brazil regional diet (RBD) for two weeks, followed by oral gavage with a saturated lactose solution (30 g/kg) in the last 7 days to induce osmotic diarrhea. Animals were checked for diarrhea daily after lactose intake. Blood was drawn in order to measure serum zinc levels by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Rats were euthanized to harvest jejunal tissue for histology and cytokine profiles by ELISA. In a subset of animals, spleen samples were harvested under aseptic conditions to quantify bacterial translocation. RESULTS Oral zinc supplementation increased serum zinc levels following lactose-induced osmotic diarrhea. In undernourished rats, zinc improved weight gain following osmotic diarrhea and significantly reduced diarrheal scores by the third day of lactose intake (p < 0.05), with improved jejunum histology (p < 0.0001). Zinc supplementation diminished bacterial translocation only in lactose-challenged undernourished rats (p = 0.03) compared with the untreated challenged controls and reduced intestinal IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines to control levels. CONCLUSION Altogether our findings provide novel mechanisms of zinc action in the setting of diarrhea and undernutrition and support the use of zinc to prevent the vicious cycle of malnutrition and diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Suppression of Placental Metallothionein 1 and Zinc Transporter 1 mRNA Expressions Contributes to Fetal Heart Malformations Caused by Maternal Zinc Deficiency. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 14:329-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Joe GH, Andoh M, Nomura M, Iwaya H, Lee JS, Shimizu H, Tsuji Y, Maseda H, Miyazaki H, Hara H, Ishizuka S. Acyl-homoserine lactones suppresses IEC-6 cell proliferation and increase permeability of isolated rat colon. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:462-5. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.882748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated to determine whether a variety of acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) influences epithelial cell proliferation and mucosal permeability. 3-Oxo-C12-homoserine lactone (HSL) and 3-oxo-C14-HSL significantly suppressed IEC-6 cell proliferation. A significant increase in mucosal permeability was observed in isolated rat colon tissue exposed to C12-HSL, 3-oxo-C12-HSL, and 3-oxo-C14-HSL. These data indicate that AHLs suppress epithelial proliferation and disrupt barrier function in intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Hyun Joe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Midori Andoh
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mikako Nomura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwaya
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jae-Sung Lee
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hidehisa Shimizu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Youhei Tsuji
- Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Maseda
- Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Summersgill H, England H, Lopez-Castejon G, Lawrence CB, Luheshi NM, Pahle J, Mendes P, Brough D. Zinc depletion regulates the processing and secretion of IL-1β. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1040. [PMID: 24481454 PMCID: PMC4040701 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sterile inflammation contributes to many common and serious human diseases. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) drives sterile inflammatory responses and is thus a very attractive therapeutic target. Activation of IL-1β in sterile diseases commonly requires an intracellular multi-protein complex called the NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome. A number of disease-associated danger molecules are known to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. We show here that depletion of zinc from macrophages, a paradigm for zinc deficiency, also activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and induces IL-1β secretion. Our data suggest that zinc depletion damages the integrity of lysosomes and that this event is important for NLRP3 activation. These data provide new mechanistic insight to how zinc deficiency contributes to inflammation and further unravel the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Summersgill
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - H England
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - G Lopez-Castejon
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - C B Lawrence
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - N M Luheshi
- 1] Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK [2] MedImmune Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Pahle
- School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P Mendes
- School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - D Brough
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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Terrin G, Berni Canani R, Passariello A, Messina F, Conti MG, Caoci S, Smaldore A, Bertino E, De Curtis M. Zinc supplementation reduces morbidity and mortality in very-low-birth-weight preterm neonates: a hospital-based randomized, placebo-controlled trial in an industrialized country. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1468-74. [PMID: 24025633 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.054478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of many diseases and in body growth. Preterm neonates have high zinc requirements. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of zinc supplementation in reducing morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates and to promote growth. DESIGN This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study of very-low-birth-weight preterm neonates randomly allocated on the seventh day of life to receive (zinc group) or not receive (control group) oral zinc supplementation. Total prescribed zinc intake ranged from 9.7 to 10.7 mg/d in the zinc group and from 1.3 to 1.4 mg/d in the placebo control group. The main endpoint was the rate of neonates with ≥ 1 of the following morbidities: late-onset sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leucomalacia, and retinopathy of prematurity. Secondary outcomes were mortality and body growth. RESULTS We enrolled 97 neonates in the zinc group and 96 in the control group. Morbidities were significantly lower in the zinc group (26.8% compared with 41.7%; P = 0.030). The occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis was significantly higher in the control group (6.3% compared with 0%; P = 0.014). Mortality risk was higher in the placebo control group (RR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.08, 5.18; P = 0.006). Daily weight gain was similar in the zinc (18.2 ± 5.6 g · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹) and control (17.0 ± 8.7 g · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹) groups (P = 0.478). CONCLUSION Oral zinc supplementation given at high doses reduces morbidities and mortality in preterm neonates. This trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Register as ACTRN12612000823875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Terrin
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Perinatal Medicine, University "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy (GT); the Department of Translational Medicine-Pediatric Section and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy (RBC and AS); the Department of Intensive Care, Hospital "Dei Colli," Naples, Italy (AP); the Department of Perinatal Care, Evangelic Hospital "V Betania," Naples, Italy (FM); the Department of Pediatrics, University "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy (MGC, SC, and MDC); and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy (EB)
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Suwendi E, Iwaya H, Lee JS, Hara H, Ishizuka S. Zinc deficiency induces dysregulation of cytokine productions in an experimental colitis of rats. Biomed Res 2013; 33:329-36. [PMID: 23268956 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.33.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis is an experimental model of ulcerative colitis, although the precise mechanism has not yet been elucidated. We investigate whether Zn deficiency affects the pathogenesis of colitis induced by DSS with a focus on immune responses. Male WKAH/Hkm Slc rats were fed either a Zn-adequate (ZA, 30 mg Zn/kg diet) as a control or Zndeficient (ZD, 5 mg Zn/kg diet) diet for 21 days and then treated with 2% DSS via deionized drinking water for 7 days. The disease activity index (DAI) was recorded daily throughout DSS treatment. Serum Zn concentrations were significantly lowered in rats fed the ZD diet than those fed the ZA diet at day 7 and 14. Surprisingly, DSS treatment considerably reduced the serum Zn in both groups. The rats fed the ZD diet showed exacerbated colitis based on clinical outcomes, including weight loss, increased DAI, and shortened colon length. An in vitro study corroborated these results, showing that a large amount of TNFα was induced by rat mesenteric leukocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide in ZD medium, but not in ZA medium. These results indicate that a modulation of TNFα production due to Zn deficiency influences disease activity in DSS-induced colitis. In addition, more attention should be given to Zn for prevention of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Suwendi
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Unique acyl-carnitine profiles are potential biomarkers for acquired mitochondrial disease in autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e220. [PMID: 23340503 PMCID: PMC3566723 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with mitochondrial disease (MD). Interestingly, most individuals with ASD and MD do not have a specific genetic mutation to explain the MD, raising the possibility of that MD may be acquired, at least in a subgroup of children with ASD. Acquired MD has been demonstrated in a rodent ASD model in which propionic acid (PPA), an enteric bacterial fermentation product of ASD-associated gut bacteria, is infused intracerebroventricularly. This animal model shows validity as it demonstrates many behavioral, metabolic, neuropathologic and neurophysiologic abnormalities associated with ASD. This animal model also demonstrates a unique pattern of elevations in short-chain and long-chain acyl-carnitines suggesting abnormalities in fatty-acid metabolism. To determine if the same pattern of biomarkers of abnormal fatty-acid metabolism are present in children with ASD, the laboratory results from a large cohort of children with ASD (n=213) who underwent screening for metabolic disorders, including mitochondrial and fatty-acid oxidation disorders, in a medically based autism clinic were reviewed. Acyl-carnitine panels were determined to be abnormal if three or more individual acyl-carnitine species were abnormal in the panel and these abnormalities were verified by repeated testing. Overall, 17% of individuals with ASD demonstrated consistently abnormal acyl-carnitine panels. Next, it was determined if specific acyl-carnitine species were consistently elevated across the individuals with consistently abnormal acyl-carnitine panels. Significant elevations in short-chain and long-chain, but not medium-chain, acyl-carnitines were found in the ASD individuals with consistently abnormal acyl-carnitine panels-a pattern consistent with the PPA rodent ASD model. Examination of electron transport chain function in muscle and fibroblast culture, histological and electron microscopy examination of muscle and other biomarkers of mitochondrial metabolism revealed a pattern consistent with the notion that PPA could be interfering with mitochondrial metabolism at the level of the tricarboxylic-acid cycle (TCAC). The function of the fatty-acid oxidation pathway in fibroblast cultures and biomarkers for abnormalities in non-mitochondrial fatty-acid metabolism were not consistently abnormal across the subgroup of ASD children, consistent with the notion that the abnormalities in fatty-acid metabolism found in this subgroup of children with ASD were secondary to TCAC abnormalities. Glutathione metabolism was abnormal in the subset of ASD individuals with consistent acyl-carnitine panel abnormalities in a pattern similar to glutathione abnormalities found in the PPA rodent model of ASD. These data suggest that there are similar pathological processes between a subset of ASD children and an animal model of ASD with acquired mitochondrial dysfunction. Future studies need to identify additional parallels between the PPA rodent model of ASD and this subset of ASD individuals with this unique pattern of acyl-carnitine abnormalities. A better understanding of this animal model and subset of children with ASD should lead to better insight in mechanisms behind environmentally induced ASD pathophysiology and should provide guidance for developing preventive and symptomatic treatments.
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Iwaya H, Lee JS, Yamagishi S, Shinoki A, Lang W, Thawornkuno C, Kang HK, Kumagai Y, Suzuki S, Kitamura S, Hara H, Okuyama M, Mori H, Kimura A, Ishizuka S. The delay in the development of experimental colitis from isomaltosyloligosaccharides in rats is dependent on the degree of polymerization. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50658. [PMID: 23209802 PMCID: PMC3510184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isomaltosyloligosaccharides (IMO) and dextran (Dex) are hardly digestible in the small intestine and thus influence the luminal environment and affect the maintenance of health. There is wide variation in the degree of polymerization (DP) in Dex and IMO (short-sized IMO, S-IMO; long-sized IMO, L-IMO), and the physiological influence of these compounds may be dependent on their DP. Methodology/Principal Findings Five-week-old male Wistar rats were given a semi-purified diet with or without 30 g/kg diet of the S-IMO (DP = 3.3), L-IMO (DP = 8.4), or Dex (DP = 1230) for two weeks. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was administered to the rats for one week to induce experimental colitis. We evaluated the clinical symptoms during the DSS treatment period by scoring the body weight loss, stool consistency, and rectal bleeding. The development of colitis induced by DSS was delayed in the rats fed S-IMO and Dex diets. The DSS treatment promoted an accumulation of neutrophils in the colonic mucosa in the rats fed the control, S-IMO, and L-IMO diets, as assessed by a measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. In contrast, no increase in MPO activity was observed in the Dex-diet-fed rats even with DSS treatment. Immune cell populations in peripheral blood were also modified by the DP of ingested saccharides. Dietary S-IMO increased the concentration of n-butyric acid in the cecal contents and the levels of glucagon-like peptide-2 in the colonic mucosa. Conclusion/Significance Our study provided evidence that the physiological effects of α-glucosaccharides on colitis depend on their DP, linkage type, and digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Iwaya
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jae-Sung Lee
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aki Shinoki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Weeranuch Lang
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hee-Kwon Kang
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuya Kumagai
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiho Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kitamura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okuyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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38
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Intracellular zinc is required for intestinal cell survival signals triggered by the inflammatory cytokine TNFα. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:967-76. [PMID: 22967671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The essential micronutrient zinc has long been known to be a functional component of diverse structural proteins and enzymes. More recently, important roles for free or loosely bound intracellular zinc as a signaling factor have been reported. Insufficient zinc intake was shown to exacerbate symptoms in mouse models of inflammation such as experimental colitis, while zinc supplementation was found to improve intestinal barrier function. Herein, we provide evidence that intracellular zinc is essential for maintaining intestinal epithelial integrity when cells are exposed to the inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)α. Using the human intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cell line as an in vitro model, we demonstrate that depletion of intracellular zinc affects TNFα-triggered signaling by shifting intestinal cell fate from survival to death. The mechanism underlying this effect was investigated. We show that TNFα promotes a zinc-dependent survival pathway that includes modulation of gene expression of transcription factors and signaling proteins. We have identified multiple regulatory steps regulated by zinc availability which include the induction of cellular Inhibitor of APoptosis (cIAP2) mRNA, possibly through activation of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB), as both nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB and up-regulation of cIAP2 mRNA were impaired following zinc depletion. Moreover, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein level was profoundly reduced by zinc depletion. Our results provide a possible molecular explanation for the clinical observation that zinc supplements ameliorate Crohn's disease symptoms and decrease intestinal permeability in experimental colitis.
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39
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TLR9 is important for protection against intestinal damage and for intestinal repair. Sci Rep 2012; 2:574. [PMID: 22893852 PMCID: PMC3418518 DOI: 10.1038/srep00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate receptors critical for host defense, and play a role in normal biological processes. For example, host DNA, a TLR9 ligand, stimulates epithelial repair following skin wounding. TLR signaling also plays a crucial role in regulating intestinal homeostasis. We therefore asked whether TLR9 is important for intestinal wound repair using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal damage and repair model. We showed that TLR9-deficient mice are more susceptible to DSS, and exhibited delayed wound repair at both the clinical and histologic levels. TLR9-deficient mice showed reduced gene expression of hairy enhancer of split 1, an intestinal progenitor cell differentiation factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor, a growth factor important for epithelial cell restitution. Therefore, we conclude that TLR stimulation may play a normal role in regulating intestinal homeostasis and could potentially be a novel therapeutic target to enhance intestinal wound repair in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Iwaya H, Maeta K, Hara H, Ishizuka S. Mucosal permeability is an intrinsic factor in susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:451-60. [PMID: 22522346 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated differences in the pathogenesis of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis between two inbred rat strains, Wistar King A Hokkaido (WKAH) and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, to determine the intrinsic factors responsible for the development of colitis. DSS exposure exacerbated the clinical symptoms such as body weight loss, stool consistency and rectal bleeding in DA rats rather than that in WKAH rats. Additionally, the average survival was shorter in DA rats than in WKAH rats. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-12 p35 and IL-23 p19 increased prominently in the DA rats that were administered DSS, accompanied by severe infiltration of leukocytes into the colon. We also found that colonic permeability was greater in the DA rats than in the WKAH rats. In Ussing chambers, exposure of the isolated colon tissue to DSS enhanced the colonic permeability of both strains. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins were modulated during DSS administration. Higher expression levels of claudin-4 and junctional adhesion molecule-A proteins were observed in DA rats than in WKAH rats, even in intact conditions. These results indicated that the expression pattern of TJ proteins determines the colonic permeability of the rats. In conclusion, the intrinsic colonic permeability is one of critical factors responsible for the susceptibility of rats to colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Iwaya
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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41
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Bzik VA, Medani M, Baird AW, Winter DC, Brayden DJ. Mechanisms of action of zinc on rat intestinal epithelial electrogenic ion secretion: insights into its antidiarrhoeal actions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:644-53. [PMID: 22471360 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Zinc is a useful addition to oral rehydration therapy for acute diarrhoea. We have assessed the mechanism of its epithelial antisecretory action when intestinal epithelial tight junctions were pharmacologically opened. METHODS Rat isolated ileal and colonic mucosae were mounted in Ussing chambers and exposed to ZnSO(4) (Zn(2+) ) in the presence of secretagogues and inhibition of short circuit current (I(sc) ) was measured. KEY FINDINGS Pre-incubation with basolateral but not apical Zn(2+) reduced I(sc) stimulated by forskolin, carbachol and A23187. In the presence of the tight junction-opener, cytochalasin D, antisecretory effects of apically-applied Zn(2+) were enabled in colon and ileum. The apparent permeability coefficient (P(app) ) of Zn(2+) was increased 1.4- and 2.4-fold across rat ileum and colon, respectively, by cytochalasin D. Basolateral addition of Zn(2+) also reduced the I(sc) stimulated by nystatin in rat colon, confirming K channel inhibition. In comparison with other inhibitors, Zn(2+) was a relatively weak blocker of basolateral K(ATP) and K (Ca2+) channels. Exposure of ileum and colon to Zn(2+) for 60 min had minimal effects on epithelial histology. CONCLUSIONS Antisecretory effects of Zn(2+) on intestinal epithelia arose in part through nonselective blockade of basolateral K channels, which was enabled when tight junctions were open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Bzik
- Conway Institute and School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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