1
|
Pi M, Agarwal R, Smith MD, Smith JC, Quarles LD. GPRC6A is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Metformin Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.19.608635. [PMID: 39229180 PMCID: PMC11370357 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.19.608635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of metformin actions in treating type 2 diabetes is limited by an incomplete knowledge of the specific protein targets mediating its metabolic effects. Metformin has structural similarities to L-Arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid), which is a ligand for GPRC6A, a Family C G-protein coupled receptor that regulates energy metabolism. Ligand activation of GPRC6A results in lowering of blood glucose and other metabolic changes resembling the therapeutic effect of metformin. In the current study, we tested if metformin activates GPRC6A. We used Alphafold2 to develop a structural model for L-Arginine (L-Arg) binding to the extracellu-lar bilobed venus flytrap domain (VFT) of GPRC6A. We found that metformin docked to the site in the VFT that overlaps the binding site for L-Arg. Metformin resulted in a dose-dependent stimulation of GPRC6A activity in HEK-293 cells transfected with full-length wild-type GPRC6A but not in untransfected control cells. In addition, metformin failed to activate an alternatively spliced GPRC6A isoform lacking the putative binding site in the VFT. More specifically, mutation of the predicted metformin key binding residues Glu170 and Asp303 in the GPRC6A VFT resulted in loss of metformin receptor activation in vitro. The in vivo role of GPRC6A in mediating the effects of metformin was tested in Gprc6a-/- mice. Administration of therapeutic doses of metformin lowered blood glucose levels following a glucose tolerance test in wild-type but not Gprc6a-/- mice. Finally, we EN300, created by adding a carboxymethyl group from L-Arg to the biguanide backbone of metformin. EN300 showed dose-dependent stimulation of GPRC6A activity in vitro with greater potency than L-Arginine, but less than metformin. Thus, we suggest that GPRC6A is a potential molecular target for metformin which may be used to understand the therapeutic actions of metformin and develop novel small molecules to treat T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Pi
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Rupesh Agarwal
- University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Micholas Dean Smith
- University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - L Darryl Quarles
- Departments of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
- Oak Ridge Therapeutic Discovery, LLC, Memphis, Tennessee 38137
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Garty G, Bansal S, Jayatilake MM, Tan Y, Ponnaiya B, Wu X, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ, Fornace AJ. Impact of Partial Body Shielding from Very High Dose Rates on Untargeted Metabolomics in Biodosimetry. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:35182-35196. [PMID: 39157112 PMCID: PMC11325421 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
A realistic exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) from an improvised nuclear device will likely include individuals who are partially shielded from the initial blast delivered at a very high dose rate (VHDR). As different tissues have varying levels of radiosensitivity, e.g., hematopoietic vs gastrointestinal tissues, the effects of shielding on radiation biomarkers need to be addressed. Here, we explore how biofluid (urine and serum) metabolite signatures from male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to VHDR (5-10 Gy/s) total body irradiation (TBI, 0, 4, and 8 Gy) compare to individuals exposed to partial body irradiation (PBI) (lower body irradiated [LBI] or upper body irradiated [UBI] at an 8 Gy dose) using a data-independent acquisition untargeted metabolomics approach. Although sex differences were observed in the spatial groupings of urine signatures from TBI and PBI mice, a metabolite signature (N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine, carnitine, propionylcarnitine, hexosamine-valine-isoleucine, taurine, and creatine) previously developed from variable dose rate experiments was able to identify individuals with high sensitivity and specificity, irrespective of radiation shielding. A panel of serum metabolites composed from previous untargeted studies on nonhuman primates had excellent performance for separating irradiated cohorts; however, a multiomic approach to complement the metabolome could increase dose estimation confidence intervals. Overall, these results support the inclusion of small-molecule markers in biodosimetry assays without substantial interference from the upper or lower body shielding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Pannkuk
- Department
of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Center
for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department
of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Center
for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States
- Department
of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University
Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Guy Garty
- Radiological
Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia
University, Irvington, New York 10533, United States
- Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Sunil Bansal
- Department
of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Meth M. Jayatilake
- Department
of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Yuewen Tan
- Radiological
Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia
University, Irvington, New York 10533, United States
| | - Brian Ponnaiya
- Radiological
Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia
University, Irvington, New York 10533, United States
- Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for
Radiological Research, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department
of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Center
for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20057, United States
- Department
of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University
Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ben-Porat N, Ohayon A, Rosenberg T, Musa A, Petersen E, Mills E. Utilizing nutrient type compounds as anti-bacterial compounds: arginine and cysteine inhibit Salmonella survival in egg white. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1404218. [PMID: 39015136 PMCID: PMC11250598 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1404218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of growing levels of antibiotic resistance, new methods to combat bacteria are needed. We hypothesized that because bacteria evolved to survive in specific environments, the addition of compounds, including nutrient type compounds, to an environment, might result in a modification of that environment that will disrupt bacterial growth or in maladaptive bacterial behavior, i.e., gene expression. As a proof of concept, we focused on the egg white environment and the pathogen Salmonella. Despite egg white's antibacterial nature, Salmonella is able to survive and grow in egg white, and this ability of Salmonella leads to infection of chicks and humans. Here, the 20 L-amino-acids were screened for their ability to affect the growth of Salmonella in egg white. L-arginine and L-cysteine were found to reduce growth in egg white in physiologically relevant concentrations. To determine the mechanism behind L-arginine inhibition TnSeq was utilized. TnSeq identified many Salmonella genes required for survival in egg white including genes required for iron import, biotin synthesis, stress responses, cell integrity, and DNA repair. However, a comparison of Salmonella in egg white with and without L-arginine identified only a few differences in the frequency of transposon insertions, including the possible contribution of perturbations in the cell envelope to the inhibition mechanism. Finally, both D-arginine and D-cysteine were found to inhibit Salmonella in egg white. This implied that the effect of arginine and cysteine in egg white is chemical rather than biological, likely on the egg white environment or on the bacterial outer membrane. To conclude, these results show that this approach of addition of compounds, including nutrient type compounds, to an environment can be used to limit bacterial growth. Importantly, these compounds have no inherent anti-bacterial properties, are used as nutrients by animals and bacteria, and only become anti-bacterial in a specific environmental context. Future research screening for the effects of compounds in relevant environments might uncover new ways to reduce pathogen levels in the poultry industry and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Ben-Porat
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amital Ohayon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Rosenberg
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Abdulafiz Musa
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Erik Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Erez Mills
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Russo RS, Gasperini S, Bubb G, Neuman L, Sloan LS, Diaz GA, Enns GM. Efficacy and safety of pegzilarginase in arginase 1 deficiency (PEACE): a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trial. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 68:102405. [PMID: 38292042 PMCID: PMC10825663 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Arginase 1 Deficiency (ARG1-D) is a rare debilitating, progressive, inherited, metabolic disease characterized by marked increases in plasma arginine (pArg) and its metabolites, with increased morbidity, substantial reductions in quality of life, and premature mortality. Effective treatments that can lower arginine and improve clinical outcomes is currently lacking. Pegzilarginase is a novel human arginase 1 enzyme therapy. The present trial aimed to demonstrate efficacy of pegzilarginase on pArg and key mobility outcomes. Methods This Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial (clinicaltrials.govNCT03921541, EudraCT 2018-004837-34), randomized patients with ARG1-D 2:1 to intravenously/subcutaneously once-weekly pegzilarginase or placebo in conjunction with their individualized disease management. It was conducted in 7 countries; United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Austria, France, Germany, Italy. Primary endpoint was change from baseline in pArg after 24 weeks; key secondary endpoints were change from baseline at Week 24 in Gross Motor Function Measure part E (GMFM-E) and 2-min walk test (2MWT). Full Analysis Set was used for the analyses. Findings From 01 May 2019 to 29 March 2021, 32 patients were enrolled and randomized (pegzilarginase, n = 21; placebo, n = 11). Pegzilarginase lowered geometric mean pArg from 354.0 μmol/L to 86.4 μmol/L at Week 24 vs 464.7 to 426.6 μmol/L for placebo (95% CI: -67.1%, -83.5%; p < 0.0001) and normalized levels in 90.5% of patients (vs 0% with placebo). In addition, clinically relevant functional mobility improvements were demonstrated with pegzilarginase treatment. These effects were sustained long-term through additional 24 weeks of subsequent exposure. Pegzilarginase was well-tolerated, with adverse events being mostly transient and mild/moderate in severity. Interpretation These results support pegzilarginase as the first potential treatment to normalize pArg in ARG1-D and achieve clinically meaningful improvements in functional mobility. Funding Aeglea BioTherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Sanchez Russo
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Paediatric Department, Fondazione IRCSS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Gillian Bubb
- Aeglea BioTherapeutics, Inc., Austin, TX, United States
| | - Linda Neuman
- Aeglea BioTherapeutics, Inc., Austin, TX, United States
| | | | - George A. Diaz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Gregory M. Enns
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - PEACE Investigators
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Paediatric Department, Fondazione IRCSS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Aeglea BioTherapeutics, Inc., Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hannemann J, Skene DJ, Middleton B, Schwedhelm E, Laing A, Böger R. Diurnal Variation of L-Arginine and the Cardiovascular Risk Markers Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Homoarginine in Rotating Night Shift Workers and Controls. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1282. [PMID: 37759682 PMCID: PMC10526524 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) interfere with nitric oxide (NO) formation from L-arginine via different mechanisms. ADMA is a biomarker of cardiovascular disease and mortality, whilst SDMA is a biomarker of mortality after ischemic stroke. Homoarginine, another L-arginine-derived amino acid, is associated with stroke and congestive heart failure. Acute ischemic events like myocardial infarction show a time-of-day variation in the timing of their onset, as do NO-mediated vascular function and blood pressure. We studied whether the plasma concentrations of L-arginine-related amino acid metabolites show diurnal variation in a clinical study comparing 12 non-night shift workers with 60 rotating night shift workers. The plasma concentrations of L-arginine-related biomarkers, melatonin, and cortisol were measured every 3 h during a 24-h period. In addition, 24-h blood pressure recordings were performed. In non-night shift workers, L-arginine and homoarginine plasma concentrations showed diurnal variation with a 12-h period, which were both attenuated in night shift workers. ADMA and SDMA showed a 24-h rhythmicity with no significant differences in phase between night shift and non-night shift workers. The plasma profiles of melatonin and cortisol were not significantly different between both groups, suggesting that the rotating night shift work does not have a major influence on central suprachiasmatic nuclei clock timing. In addition, systolic and diastolic blood pressure patterns were similar between both groups. Our data show diurnal variation of dimethylarginines with the timing of their acrophases corresponding to the published timing of the peak incidence of cardiac ischemic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Debra J. Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (D.J.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Benita Middleton
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (D.J.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Anika Laing
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hannemann J, Thorarinnsdottir EH, Amaral AFS, Schwedhelm E, Schmidt-Hutten L, Stang H, Benediktsdottir B, Gunnarsdóttir I, Gislason T, Böger R. Biomarkers of the L-Arginine/Dimethylarginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway in People with Chronic Airflow Obstruction and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5230. [PMID: 37629272 PMCID: PMC10455103 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are common chronic diseases that are associated with chronic and intermittent hypoxemia, respectively. Patients affected by the overlap of COPD and OSA have a particularly unfavourable prognosis. The L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway plays an important role in regulating pulmonary vascular function. Asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) interfere with NO production. METHODS We analysed the serum concentrations of ADMA, SDMA, L-arginine, L-citrulline, and L-ornithine in a large sample of the Icelandic general population together with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), a key physiological marker of COPD that was assessed by post-bronchodilator spirometry (FEV1/FVC < LLN). OSA risk was determined by the multivariable apnoea prediction (MAP) index. RESULTS 713 individuals were analysed, of whom 78 (10.9%) showed CAO and 215 (30%) had MAP > 0.5. SDMA was significantly higher in individuals with CAO (0.518 [0.461-0.616] vs. 0.494 [0.441-0.565] µmol/L; p = 0.005), but ADMA was not. However, ADMA was significantly associated with decreasing FEV1 percent predicted among those with CAO (p = 0.002). ADMA was 0.50 (0.44-0.56) µmol/L in MAP ≤ 0.5 versus 0.52 (0.46-0.58) µmol/L in MAP > 0.5 (p = 0.008). SDMA was 0.49 (0.44-0.56) µmol/L versus 0.51 (0.46-0.60) µmol/L, respectively (p = 0.004). The highest values for ADMA and SDMA were observed in individuals with overlap of CAO and MAP > 0.5, which was accompanied by lower L-citrulline levels. CONCLUSIONS The plasma concentrations of ADMA and SDMA are elevated in COPD patients with concomitant intermittent hypoxaemia. This may account for impaired pulmonary NO production, enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction, and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (L.S.-H.); (H.S.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elin H. Thorarinnsdottir
- Primary Health Care of the Capital Area, 103 Reykjavik, Iceland;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland; (B.B.); (T.G.)
| | - André F. S. Amaral
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK;
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (L.S.-H.); (H.S.)
| | - Lena Schmidt-Hutten
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (L.S.-H.); (H.S.)
| | - Heike Stang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (L.S.-H.); (H.S.)
| | - Bryndis Benediktsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland; (B.B.); (T.G.)
- Sleep Department, Landspitali University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital & Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Thórarinn Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland; (B.B.); (T.G.)
- Sleep Department, Landspitali University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.); (L.S.-H.); (H.S.)
- Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hamilton A, Eliasson L, Knudsen JG. Amino acids and the changing face of the α-cell. Peptides 2023:171039. [PMID: 37295651 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon has long been defined by its glucogenic action and as a result α-cells have been characterised based largely on their interaction with glucose. Recent findings have challenged this preconception, bringing to the fore the significant role glucagon plays in amino acid breakdown and underlining the importance of amino acids in glucagon secretion. The challenge that remains is defining the mechanism that underlie these effects - understanding which amino acids are most important, how they act on the α-cell and how their actions integrate with other fuels such as glucose and fatty acids. This review will describe the current relationship between amino acids and glucagon and how we can use this knowledge to redefine the α-cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hamilton
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Jakob G Knudsen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Starikova EA, Rubinstein AA, Mammedova JT, Isakov DV, Kudryavtsev IV. Regulated Arginine Metabolism in Immunopathogenesis of a Wide Range of Diseases: Is There a Way to Pass between Scylla and Charybdis? Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3525-3551. [PMID: 37185755 PMCID: PMC10137093 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a century has passed since arginine was discovered, but the metabolism of the amino acid never ceases to amaze researchers. Being a conditionally essential amino acid, arginine performs many important homeostatic functions in the body; it is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and regeneration processes. In recent years, more and more facts have been accumulating that demonstrate a close relationship between arginine metabolic pathways and immune responses. This opens new opportunities for the development of original ways to treat diseases associated with suppressed or increased activity of the immune system. In this review, we analyze the literature describing the role of arginine metabolism in the immunopathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, and discuss arginine-dependent processes as a possible target for therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora A Starikova
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L'va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artem A Rubinstein
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jennet T Mammedova
- Laboratory of General Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Isakov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L'va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor V Kudryavtsev
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Figueroa A, Maharaj A, Kang Y, Dillon KN, Martinez MA, Morita M, Nogimura D, Fischer SM. Combined Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071557. [PMID: 37049398 PMCID: PMC10097312 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women (PMW) may experience endothelial dysfunction associated with arginine (ARG) deficiency relative to asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) caused by oxidative stress. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to increased blood pressure (BP) responsiveness to sympathoexcitation induced by the cold pressor test (CPT). We investigated the effects of citrulline alone (CIT) and combined with the antioxidant glutathione (CIT+GSH) on vascular function. Forty-four healthy PMW were randomized to CIT (6 g), CIT+GSH (2 g + 200 mg: Setria®) or placebo (PL) for 4 weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV), brachial and aortic BP reactivity to CPT, and serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), ARG, and ARG/ADMA ratio were measured. Baseline FBG was higher in CIT+GSH vs. PL. FMD increased after CIT+GSH vs. PL (p < 0.05). CIT and CIT+GSH increased ARG/ADMA (p < 0.05), but did not affect aortic PWV. CIT+GSH attenuated the brachial and aortic systolic BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to CPT vs. PL and CIT (p < 0.05). The improvements in FMD were related to baseline FMD (r = -0.39, p < 0.05) and aortic MAP response to CPT (r = -0.33, p < 0.05). This study showed that CIT+GSH improved FMD and attenuated systolic BP and MAP reactivity in PMW. Although CIT increased ARG/ADMA, it did not improve FMD in healthy PMW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Arun Maharaj
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yejin Kang
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Katherine N Dillon
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Mauricio A Martinez
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Masahiko Morita
- Research & Development Division, KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Dai Nogimura
- Research & Development Division, KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Stephen M Fischer
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Diaz GA, Bechter M, Cederbaum SD. The role and control of arginine levels in arginase 1 deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:3-14. [PMID: 36175366 PMCID: PMC10091968 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Arginase 1 Deficiency (ARG1-D) is a rare urea cycle disorder that results in persistent hyperargininemia and a distinct, progressive neurologic phenotype involving developmental delay, intellectual disability, and spasticity, predominantly affecting the lower limbs and leading to mobility impairment. Unlike the typical presentation of other urea cycle disorders, individuals with ARG1-D usually appear healthy at birth and hyperammonemia is comparatively less severe and less common. Clinical manifestations typically begin to develop in early childhood in association with high plasma arginine levels, with hyperargininemia (and not hyperammonemia) considered to be the primary driver of disease sequelae. Nearly five decades of clinical experience with ARG1-D and empirical studies in genetically manipulated models have generated a large body of evidence that, when considered in aggregate, implicates arginine directly in disease pathophysiology. Severe dietary protein restriction to minimize arginine intake and diversion of ammonia from the urea cycle are the mainstay of care. Although this approach does reduce plasma arginine and improve patients' cognitive and motor/mobility manifestations, it is inadequate to achieve and maintain sufficiently low arginine levels and prevent progression in the long term. This review presents a comprehensive discussion of the clinical and scientific literature, the effects and limitations of the current standard of care, and the authors' perspectives regarding the past, current, and future management of ARG1-D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George A Diaz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Stephen D Cederbaum
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wißfeld J, Werner A, Yan X, ten Bosch N, Cui G. Metabolic regulation of immune responses to cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0381. [PMID: 36269001 PMCID: PMC9724228 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is an ecosystem composed of multiple types of cells, such as tumor cells, immune cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer cells grow faster than non-cancerous cells and consume larger amounts of nutrients. The rapid growth characteristic of cancer cells fundamentally alters nutrient availability in the tumor microenvironment and results in reprogramming of immune cell metabolic pathways. Accumulating evidence suggests that cellular metabolism of nutrients, such as lipids and amino acids, beyond being essential to meet the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of immune cells, also regulates a broad spectrum of cellular signal transduction, and influences immune cell survival, differentiation, and anti-tumor effector function. The cancer immunometabolism research field is rapidly evolving, and exciting new discoveries are reported in high-profile journals nearly weekly. Therefore, all new findings in this field cannot be summarized within this short review. Instead, this review is intended to provide a brief introduction to this rapidly developing research field, with a focus on the metabolism of two classes of important nutrients-lipids and amino acids-in immune cells. We highlight recent research on the roles of lipids and amino acids in regulating the metabolic fitness and immunological functions of T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of "editing" metabolic pathways in immune cells to act synergistically with currently available immunotherapies in enhancing anti-tumor immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wißfeld
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz 55131, Germany,T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anke Werner
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz 55131, Germany,T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Xin Yan
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz 55131, Germany,T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nora ten Bosch
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz 55131, Germany,T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz 55131, Germany,T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany,Correspondence to: Guoliang Cui, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Momma TY, Ottaviani JI. There is no direct competition between arginase and nitric oxide synthase for the common substrate l-arginine. Nitric Oxide 2022; 129:16-24. [PMID: 36126859 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Extrahepatic arginases are postulated to be involved in cardiovascular-related pathologies by competing with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for the common substrate l-arginine, subsequently decreasing nitric oxide production. However, previous models used to study arginase and NOS competition did not account for steady state level of l-arginine pool, which is dependent on conditions of l-arginine supply and utilization pathways. This work aimed at revisiting the concept of NOS and arginase competition while considering different conditions of l-arginine supply and l-arginine utilization pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS Mouse macrophage-like RAW cells and human vascular endothelial cells co-expressing NOS and arginase were used to reevaluate the concept of substrate competition between arginase and NOS under conditions of l-arginine supply that mimicked either a continuous (similar to in vivo conditions) or a limited supply (similar to previous in vitro models). Enzyme kinetics simulation models were used to gain mechanistic insight and to evaluate the tenability of a substrate competition between the two enzymes. In addition to arginase and NOS, other l-arginine pathways such as transporters and utilization towards protein synthesis were considered to understand the intricacies of l-arginine metabolism. Our results indicate that when there is a continuous supply of l-arginine, as is the case for most cells in vivo, arginase does not affect NOS activity by a substrate competition. Furthermore, we demonstrate that l-arginine pathways such as transporters and protein synthesis are more likely to affect NOS activity than arginase. CONCLUSIONS Arginase does not outcompete NOS for the common substrate l-arginine. Findings from this study should be considered to better understand the role of arginase in certain pathologies and for the interpretation of in vivo studies with arginase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Y Momma
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Javier I Ottaviani
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Mars Inc., McLean, VA, 22101, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z, Gaeini Z, Azizi F. Habitual intake of dietary L-arginine in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:113. [PMID: 34059041 PMCID: PMC8165802 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are insufficient data in case of the potential association of habitual dietary L-arginine and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence. Here we aimed to examine the potential effect of dietary L-arginine on the T2DM incidence. METHODS For this cohort study, 2139 T2DM-free adults from the participations of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) were recruited. Follow up period was approximately 5.8 years. Daily intakes of protein and L-arginine were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire with 168 food item. Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for sex, age, smoking, diabetes risk score, physical activity levels, and total energy intakes as well as carbohydrate, fiber, fats and lysine, were calculated for L-arginine as both absolute intake and its ratio from total protein. RESULTS Mean (±SD) age of the participants was 38.9 (±12.6) years and 54.6% were women. Mean (±SD) intake of dietary protein and L-arginine was 77.2 (±22.4) and 4.05 (±1.50) g/d, respectively. An increased risk of T2DM (HR = 2.71, 95% CI = 1.20-6.09) was observed among participants with higher intakes of L-arginine (median intake of > 5.4 vs. 2.69 g/d). Total protein intake and the ratio of L-arginine to total protein intakes were not related to incidence of T2DM in both crude and adjusted models. CONCLUSION We found that higher dietary L-arginine levels may increase risk of T2DM and it may have an independent role in T2DM development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, No. 24, Sahid-Erabi St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, No. 24, Sahid-Erabi St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Gaeini
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, No. 24, Sahid-Erabi St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Appel D, Böger R, Windolph J, Heinze G, Goetz AE, Hannemann J. Asymmetric dimethylarginine predicts perioperative cardiovascular complications in patients undergoing medium-to-high risk non-cardiac surgery. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520940450. [PMID: 32842812 PMCID: PMC7453459 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520940450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Perioperative cardiovascular events remain an important factor that affects surgery outcome. We assessed if asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, predicts perioperative risk, and if pre-operative supplementation with L-arginine/L-citrulline improves the plasma L-arginine/ADMA ratio. Methods In this prospective study, planned thoracic and/or abdominal surgery patients were randomized to receive L-arginine/L-citrulline (5 g/day) or placebo 1 to 5 days before surgery. We measured perioperative plasma ADMA and L-arginine levels. The primary outcome was a 30-day combined cardiovascular endpoint. Results Among 269 patients, 23 (8.6%) experienced a major adverse cardiovascular event. ADMA and C-reactive protein were significantly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular complications in the multivariable-adjusted analysis. The L-arginine plasma concentration was significantly higher on the day of surgery with L-arginine/L-citrulline supplementation compared with placebo. In patients with high pre-operative ADMA, there was a non-significant trend towards reduced incidence of the primary endpoint with L-arginine/L-citrulline supplementation (six vs. nine events). Conclusions ADMA is a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular complications in the perioperative period for patients who are undergoing major abdominal and/or thoracic surgery. Supplementation with L-arginine/L-citrulline increased the L-arginine plasma concentration, enhanced the L-arginine/ADMA ratio, and induced a trend towards fewer perioperative events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Appel
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Anesthesiology, Hamburg, DE, Germany
| | - Rainer Böger
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, DE, Germany
| | - Julia Windolph
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, DE, Germany
| | - Gina Heinze
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Anesthesiology, Hamburg, DE, Germany
| | - Alwin E Goetz
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Anesthesiology, Hamburg, DE, Germany
| | - Juliane Hannemann
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamburg, DE, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hannemann J, Rendant-Gantzberg L, Zummack J, Hillig J, Eilermann I, Böger R. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Arginase 1 and 2 Genes Are Differentially Associated with Circulating l-Arginine Concentration in Unsupplemented and l-Arginine-Supplemented Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:763-771. [PMID: 33232463 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in arginase may underlie variability in whole blood l-arginine concentrations in unsupplemented and l-arginine-supplemented adults. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the arginase 1 (ARG1) and arginase 2 (ARG2) genes are associated with blood l-arginine concentrations in unsupplemented and l-arginine-supplemented individuals. METHODS In 374 adults (mean ± SD age: 59.6 ± 14.6 y; 180 males), we analyzed SNPs in the ARG1 (rs2246012 and rs2781667) and ARG2 genes (rs3742879 and rs2759757) and their associations with blood l-arginine concentrations. We analyzed associations of haplotypes for the ARG1 gene and for the ARG1 and ARG2 genes combined with blood l-arginine concentrations in supplement users and unsupplemented participants. RESULTS Of study participants, 120 had low (<42 μmol/L), 133 had medium (42-114 μmol/L), and 121 had high blood l-arginine concentrations (>114 μmol/L); 58 individuals were current l-arginine supplement users. We found a significantly higher prevalence of the minor allele of ARG1 rs2246012 in supplement users with higher blood l-arginine concentrations (P = 0.03). Mean ± SEM l-arginine concentration was 263 ± 9.76 μmol/L in supplement users homozygous for the minor allele of ARG1 rs2246012 (P = 0.004); it was 70.4 ± 25.6 μmol/L in unsupplemented participants homozygous for the minor allele of ARG2 rs3759757 (P = 0.03). The ARG1 haplotype was significantly associated with blood l-arginine concentrations in supplement users (P = 0.046), whereas the combined ARG1/ARG2 haplotype was significantly associated with blood l-arginine concentrations in the cohort as a whole (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variability in the ARG1 and ARG2 genes is associated with blood l-arginine concentrations in humans: ARG1 is associated with blood l-arginine concentrations in l-arginine supplement users, whereas ARG2 is associated with blood l-arginine concentrations in unsupplemented participants. Our study is the first to describe a possible functional relation between ARG1 and ARG2 SNPs and blood l-arginine concentrations; genetic variability in ARG1 may explain variation in blood l-arginine concentrations during supplement use and discrepant study results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonard Rendant-Gantzberg
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Zummack
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Hillig
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ina Eilermann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martin KR. Dietary Supplementation with l-Arginine, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Arginase 1 and 2, and Plasma l-Arginine. J Nutr 2021; 151:745-746. [PMID: 33561213 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Martin
- Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Endogenous flux of nitric oxide: Citrulline is preferred to Arginine. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13572. [PMID: 33089645 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both arginine (Arg) and its precursor citrulline (Cit) have received much interest in the past two decades because of their potential effects on whole-body nitric oxide (NO) production and augmentation of NO-dependent signalling pathways. However, the usefulness of Arg supplementation for NO production is questionable because of its high splanchnic first pass metabolism (FPM), which limits its systemic availability. Both hepatic- and extrahepatic arginases critically limit the availability of Arg for the NO synthase enzymes (NOSs) and therefore, a limited amount of oral Arg can reach the systemic circulation for NO synthesis. Arg also has some undesired effects including induction of arginase activity, an increase of urea levels, a decrease of cellular uptake of Cit and decrease of recycling of Arg from Cit. In contrast, Cit has more availability as an NO precursor because of its high intestinal absorption, low FPM and high renal reabsorption. At the cellular level, co-localization of Cit transport systems and the enzymes involved in the Cit-Arg-NO pathway facilitates channelling of Cit into NO. Furthermore, cells preferably use Cit rather than either intra- or extracellular Arg to improve NO output, especially in high-demand situations. In conclusion, available evidence strongly supports the concept that Cit leads to higher NO production and suggests that Cit may have a better therapeutic effect than Arg for NO-disrupted conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Human Dietetics Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education City University of New York School of Medicine New York NY USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The shifted balance of arginine metabolites in acute myocardial infarction patients and its clinical relevance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:83. [PMID: 33420142 PMCID: PMC7794337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The arginine metabolism as a target for cardioprotection in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains insufficiently understood. Arginine, ornithine, citrulline, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and proline plasma levels were measured using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry in 70 consecutive STEMI patients upon admission and at 6-month follow-up and were compared with left ventricular function, volumes, and infarct characteristics determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and with 5-year clinical outcomes. Baseline median concentration of arginine was higher by 49% (P = 0.002) when compared to 6-month measurements and was correlated with an ischemia risk area (R = 0.34, P = 0.004) and infarct size (R = 0.33, P = 0.006). Following ischemia median citrulline/arginine index decreased when compared with 6-month result (P = 0.002), while citrulline/ornithine and arginine/ADMA ratios maintained unchanged indicating a shift of arginine metabolism from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) towards arginase. The 6-month arginine concentration reached the area under the ROC curve of 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.54–0.81) for prediction of death, myocardial infarction or heart failure hospitalization and its value of < 29 µM was associated with lower event free survival (P = 0.02). In STEMI patients, during ischemia conversion of elevated plasma arginine was shifted from NOS towards arginase. Decreased 6-month arginine concentrations were associated with worse long-term outcomes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Transport of L-Arginine Related Cardiovascular Risk Markers. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123975. [PMID: 33302555 PMCID: PMC7764698 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
L-arginine and its derivatives, asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA) and L-homoarginine, have emerged as cardiovascular biomarkers linked to cardiovascular outcomes and various metabolic and functional pathways such as NO-mediated endothelial function. Cellular uptake and efflux of L-arginine and its derivatives are facilitated by transport proteins. In this respect the cationic amino acid transporters CAT1 and CAT2 (SLC7A1 and SLC7A2) and the system y+L amino acid transporters (SLC7A6 and SLC7A7) have been most extensively investigated, so far, but the number of transporters shown to mediate the transport of L-arginine and its derivatives is constantly increasing. In the present review we assess the growing body of evidence regarding the function, expression, and clinical relevance of these transporters and their possible relation to cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Altered Bioavailability of Nitric Oxide and L-Arginine Is a Key Determinant of Endothelial Dysfunction in Preeclampsia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3251956. [PMID: 33145345 PMCID: PMC7599412 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3251956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Evidence indicates that endothelial dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. This study assessed the level of the components of the arginine-nitric oxide pathway to evaluate endothelial dysfunction in normotensive pregnancies and pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia. Methods This case-control study was conducted among pregnant women who visited Comboni Hospital from January 2017 to May 2018. A total of 180 pregnant women comprising 88 preeclamptic women (PE) and 92 healthy normotensive pregnant women (NP) were recruited. Sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric data were obtained using validated questionnaires. Blood pressure and anthropometrics were measured, and blood samples were collected for the estimation of nitric oxide (NO∙), L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and 3-nitrotyrosine using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results The mean NO∙ (p = 0.010) and L-arginine/ADMA ratio (p < 0.0001) was significantly lower in PE compared to NP while mean L-arginine (p = 0.034), ADMA (p < 0.0001), and 3-nitrotyrosine (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in PE than NP. ADMA showed a significant positive association with systolic blood pressure (β = 0.454, p = 0.036) in severe PE. Women with PE had significant intrauterine growth restriction (p < 0.0001) and low birth weight infants (p < 0.0001) when compared to NP. Conclusion Preeclampsia is associated with reduced NO∙ bioavailability, L-arginine/ADMA ratio, and elevated levels of ADMA and 3-nitrotyrosine. Measurements of the levels of these parameters can help in the early prediction of endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia. Exogenous therapeutic supplementation with L-arginine during pregnancy to increase the L-arginine/ADMA ratio should be considered to improve endothelial function in preeclampsia and pregnant women at risk of developing preeclampsia.
Collapse
|
21
|
Gambardella J, Khondkar W, Morelli MB, Wang X, Santulli G, Trimarco V. Arginine and Endothelial Function. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080277. [PMID: 32781796 PMCID: PMC7460461 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine (L-arginine), is an amino acid involved in a number of biological processes, including the biosynthesis of proteins, host immune response, urea cycle, and nitric oxide production. In this systematic review, we focus on the functional role of arginine in the regulation of endothelial function and vascular tone. Both clinical and preclinical studies are examined, analyzing the effects of arginine supplementation in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, aging, peripheral artery disease, and diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Wafiq Khondkar
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Marco Bruno Morelli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Grzywa TM, Sosnowska A, Matryba P, Rydzynska Z, Jasinski M, Nowis D, Golab J. Myeloid Cell-Derived Arginase in Cancer Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:938. [PMID: 32499785 PMCID: PMC7242730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid metabolism is a critical regulator of the immune response, and its modulating becomes a promising approach in various forms of immunotherapy. Insufficient concentrations of essential amino acids restrict T-cells activation and proliferation. However, only arginases, that degrade L-arginine, as well as enzymes that hydrolyze L-tryptophan are substantially increased in cancer. Two arginase isoforms, ARG1 and ARG2, have been found to be present in tumors and their increased activity usually correlates with more advanced disease and worse clinical prognosis. Nearly all types of myeloid cells were reported to produce arginases and the increased numbers of various populations of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages correlate with inferior clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Here, we describe the role of arginases produced by myeloid cells in regulating various populations of immune cells, discuss molecular mechanisms of immunoregulatory processes involving L-arginine metabolism and outline therapeutic approaches to mitigate the negative effects of arginases on antitumor immune response. Development of potent arginase inhibitors, with improved pharmacokinetic properties, may lead to the elaboration of novel therapeutic strategies based on targeting immunoregulatory pathways controlled by L-arginine degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sosnowska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Matryba
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Neurobiology BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- The Doctoral School of the Medical University of Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rydzynska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Jasinski
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Poulsen BE, Yang R, Clatworthy AE, White T, Osmulski SJ, Li L, Penaranda C, Lander ES, Shoresh N, Hung DT. Defining the core essential genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10072-10080. [PMID: 31036669 PMCID: PMC6525520 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900570116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomics offered the promise of transforming antibiotic discovery by revealing many new essential genes as good targets, but the results fell short of the promise. While numerous factors contributed to the disappointing yield, one factor was that essential genes for a bacterial species were often defined based on a single or limited number of strains grown under a single or limited number of in vitro laboratory conditions. In fact, the essentiality of a gene can depend on both the genetic background and growth condition. We thus developed a strategy for more rigorously defining the core essential genome of a bacterial species by studying many pathogen strains and growth conditions. We assessed how many strains must be examined to converge on a set of core essential genes for a species. We used transposon insertion sequencing (Tn-Seq) to define essential genes in nine strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on five different media and developed a statistical model, FiTnEss, to classify genes as essential versus nonessential across all strain-medium combinations. We defined a set of 321 core essential genes, representing 6.6% of the genome. We determined that analysis of four strains was typically sufficient in P. aeruginosa to converge on a set of core essential genes likely to be essential across the species across a wide range of conditions relevant to in vivo infection, and thus to represent attractive targets for novel drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E Poulsen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Rui Yang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Anne E Clatworthy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Tiantian White
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Sarah J Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Li Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Cristina Penaranda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142;
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Noam Shoresh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Deborah T Hung
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114;
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pawar H, Puri M, Fischer Weinberger R, Madhubala R, Zilberstein D. The arginine sensing and transport binding sites are distinct in the human pathogen Leishmania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007304. [PMID: 31017889 PMCID: PMC6502434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani causes human visceral leishmaniasis. Intracellular L. donovani that proliferate inside macrophage phagolysosomes compete with the host for arginine, creating a situation that endangers parasite survival. Parasites have a sensor that upon arginine deficiency activates an Arginine Deprivation Response (ADR). L. donovani transport arginine via a high-affinity transporter (LdAAP3) that is rapidly up-regulated by ADR in intracellular amastigotes. To date, the sensor and its ligand have not been identified. Here, we show that the conserved amidino group at the distal cap of the arginine side chain is the ligand that activates ADR, in both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, and that arginine sensing and transport binding sites are distinct in L. donovani. Finally, upon addition of arginine and analogues to deprived cells, the amidino ligand activates rapid degradation of LdAAP3. This study provides the first identification of an intra-molecular ligand of a sensor that acts during infection. Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, leads a digenetic life cycle as a flagellated promastigote in the vector sandfly and aflagellated amastigote within phagolysosomes of infected macrophages. Arginine is an essential amino acid for Leishmania which possesses a high specificity arginine transporter (LdAAP3), a protein that imports the amino acid into parasite cells. Arginine is primarily utilized in de novo protein synthesis and for biosynthesis of trypanothione via the polyamine pathway. It was previously reported by our group that L. donovani senses lack of arginine in the surrounding micro environment and activates a unique arginine deprivation response (ADR) pathway, thus upregulating the expression of LdAAP3 as well as other transporters. In the present study, we identified the region on the arginine molecule which is the ligand that activates ADR. We show that the conserved amidino group at the distal cap of the arginine side chain is the ligand that activates/suppresses ADR. Using arginine analogues that contain this group we observed that arginine sensing and transport are distinct in L. donovani, both in axenic promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Additionally, the arginine sensor responds to both arginine starvation and sufficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Pawar
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Madhu Puri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rentala Madhubala
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Dan Zilberstein
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jarquin Campos A, Risch L, Baumann M, Purde MT, Neuber S, Renz H, Mosimann B, Raio L, Mohaupt M, Surbek D, Risch M. Shrunken pore syndrome, preeclampsia, and markers of NO metabolism in pregnant women during the first trimester. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2019; 79:91-98. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1568150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Jarquin Campos
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
- University Institut of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Baumann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Mosimann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Raio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Mohaupt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Risch
- Kantonsspital Graubünden, Zentrallabor, Chur, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sozański T, Kucharska AZ, Wiśniewski J, Fleszar MG, Rapak A, Gomułkiewicz A, Dzięgiel P, Magdalan J, Nowak B, Szumny D, Matuszewska A, Piórecki N, Szeląg A, Trocha M. The iridoid loganic acid and anthocyanins from the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit increase the plasma l-arginine/ADMA ratio and decrease levels of ADMA in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:1-11. [PMID: 30599888 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although fruit and vegetable-rich diets have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, we have little knowledge of the impact of fruits and their constituents, iridoids and anthocyanins, on the l-arginine-ADMA-DDAH pathway. Our previous study demonstrated the modulation of those factors by the oral administration of the cornelian cherry fruit. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We have assessed the effects of the oral administration of two main constituents isolated from the cornelian cherry fruit, iridoid loganic acid and anthocyanins, on l-arginine, its derivatives (ADMA, SDMA), metabolites (DMA, l-citrulline), and the hepatic DDAH activity and its isoform expression in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. We have also analyzed eNOS expression in the thoracic aorta as well as the redox status in blood. STUDY DESIGN In the present study, we used an animal model of diet induced atherosclerosis. For 60 days, white New Zealand rabbits were fed a standard diet, a 1% cholesterol enriched diet, or concomitantly with the investigated substances. l-arginine, ADMA, SDMA, DMA, and l-citrulline were assessed using the LC-MS/MS method. DDAH activity and redox parameters were analyzed spectrophotometrically. DDAH1 and DDAH2 isoform expressions were assessed by western blotting, mRNA expression of eNOS was quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS We demonstrated that the administration of loganic acid (20 mg/kg b.w.), and to a lesser extent of anthocyanins (10 mg/kg b.w.), caused an increase in the l-arginine level and the l-arginine/ADMA ratio. Also, both substances decreased ADMA, DMA, and l-citrulline, but not SDMA levels. Anthocyanins, but not loganic acid, enhanced the activity of DDAH in the liver. Anthocyanins also significantly enhanced both DDAH1 and DDAH2 expression, while loganic acid to a lesser extent enhanced DDAH1 but not DDAH2 expression. Both loganic acid and anthocyanins pronouncedly increased mRNA expression of eNOS in thoracic aortas. Both loganic acid and anthocyanins reversed the blood glutathione level depleted by dietary cholesterol. Cholesterol feeding decreased the blood GPx level, and the change was not reversed by anthocyanins or loganic acid. We did not observe any significant differences in the blood levels of MDA or SOD among the groups. CONCLUSION Iridoids and anthocyanins may modulate the l-arginine-ADMA pathway in subjects fed a high-cholesterol diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland.
| | - Alicja Z Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, Wrocław 51-630, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wiśniewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, Wrocław 50-368, Poland
| | - Mariusz G Fleszar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, Wrocław 50-368, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław 53-114, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, Wrocław 50-368, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, Wrocław 50-368, Poland; Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Wroclaw 51-612, Poland
| | - Jan Magdalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Beata Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Dorota Szumny
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Matuszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Bolestraszyce Arboretum and Institute of Physiography, Przemyśl 37-700, Poland; Department of Tourism and Recreation, University of Rzeszow, Towarnickiego 3, Rzeszów 35-959, Poland
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Trocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Berninger T, Bliem C, Piccinini E, Azzaroni O, Knoll W. Cascading reaction of arginase and urease on a graphene-based FET for ultrasensitive, real-time detection of arginine. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 115:104-110. [PMID: 29803864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a biosensor based on a reduced graphene oxide field effect transistor (rGO-FET) functionalized with the cascading enzymes arginase and urease was developed for the detection of L-arginine. Arginase and urease were immobilized on the rGO-FET sensing surface via electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly using polyethylenimine (PEI) as cationic building block. The signal transduction mechanism is based on the ability of the cascading enzymes to selectively perform chemical transformations and prompt local pH changes, that are sensitively detected by the rGO-FET. In the presence of L-arginine, the transistors modified with (PEI/urease(arginase)) multilayers showed a shift in the Dirac point due to the change in the local pH close to the graphene surface, produced by the catalyzed urea hydrolysis. The transistors were able to monitor L-arginine in the 10-1000 μM linear range with a LOD of 10 μM, displaying a fast response and a good long-term stability. The sensor showed stereospecificity and high selectivity in the presence of non-target amino acids. Taking into account the label-free, real-time measurement capabilities and the easily quantifiable, electronic output signal, this biosensor offers advantages over state-of-the-art L-arginine detection methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Berninger
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Bliem
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Esteban Piccinini
- INIFTA Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- INIFTA Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) - Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET, Suc. 4, CC 16, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Klawitter J, Hildreth KL, Christians U, Kohrt WM, Moreau KL. A relative L-arginine deficiency contributes to endothelial dysfunction across the stages of the menopausal transition. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/17/e13409. [PMID: 28904082 PMCID: PMC5599867 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial function declines across the menopause transition in women. We tested the hypothesis that reduced availability of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS] substrate L‐arginine is an underlying mechanism to vascular endothelial dysfunction across menopause stages. Endothelial function (brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation [FMD]) and plasma markers of L‐arginine metabolism (citrulline, NG‐mono‐methyl‐ւ‐arginine [L‐NMMA] asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA] and NG‐N′G‐dimethyl‐l‐arginine [SDMA]), were measured in 129 women: 36 premenopausal (33 ± 7 years), 16 early‐ (49 ± 3 years) or 21 late‐ (50 ± 4 years) perimenopausal, and 21 early‐ (55 ± 3 years) or 35 late‐ (61 ± 4 years) postmenopausal. FMD was progressively reduced across menopause stages (P < 0.001). Menopause stage was associated with L‐arginine concentrations (P = 0.012), with higher levels in early postmenopausal compared to early and late perimenopausal women (P < 0.05). The methylarginine and eNOS inhibitor L‐NMMA was higher in early and late postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal and early and late perimenopausal women (all P < 0.001), and was inversely correlated with FMD (r = −0.30, P = 0.001). The L‐arginine/L‐NMMA ratio, a potential biomarker of relative L‐arginine levels, was lower in postmenopausal compared to either premenopausal or perimenopausal women (both P < 0.001), and was positively correlated with FMD (r = 0.33, P < 0.001). There were no differences in plasma citrulline, ADMA or SDMA across groups. These data suggest that a relative L‐arginine deficiency may be a mechanism underlying the decline in endothelial function with the menopause transition in women. The relative L‐arginine deficiency may be related to elevated levels of the methylarginine L‐NMMA, which would compete with L‐arginine for eNOS and for intracellular transport, reducing NO biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kerry L Hildreth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado .,Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Baldassarri F, Schwedhelm E, Atzler D, Böger RH, Cordts K, Haller B, Pressler A, Müller S, Suchy C, Wachter R, Düngen HD, Hasenfuss G, Pieske B, Halle M, Edelmann F, Duvinage A. Relationship between exercise intervention and NO pathway in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Biomarkers 2018; 23:540-550. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1460762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Baldassarri
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer H. Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Cordts
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Pressler
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Müller
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Suchy
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Wachter
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Dirk Düngen
- Department of Cardiology, Charite´ – Universita¨tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Charite´ – Universita¨tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Charite´ – Universita¨tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Duvinage
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Appel D, Seeberger M, Schwedhelm E, Czorlich P, Goetz AE, Böger RH, Hannemann J. Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginines are Markers of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Neurological Outcome in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2018; 29:84-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12028-018-0520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
32
|
Schou-Pedersen AMV, Lykkesfeldt J. Comparison of Three Sample Preparation Procedures for the Quantification of L-Arginine, Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, and Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Human Plasma Using HPLC-FLD. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:6148515. [PMID: 29484214 PMCID: PMC5816856 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6148515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in human plasma has been associated with reduced generation of nitric oxide, leading to atherosclerotic diseases. ADMA may therefore be an important biomarker for cardiovascular disease. In the present study, three sample preparation techniques were compared regarding the quantification of L-arginine and ADMA in human plasma: (A) protein precipitation (PP) based on aqueous trichloroacetic acid (TCA), (B) PP using a mixture of ammonia and acetonitrile, and (C) solid-phase extraction (SPE). The samples were analysed by using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The analytical performance of (A) was comparable with that of (C), demonstrating recoveries of >90%, coefficient of variations (CVs, %) of <8, and a resolution (Rs ) between ADMA and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) of 1.2. (B) was disregarded due to recoveries below 75%. (A) was validated with good results regarding linearity (>0.994), precision (<5%), and sensitivity (lower limit of quantification (LLOQ)) of 0.14 µM and 12 nM for L-arginine and ADMA, respectively. Due to the simplicity and speed of procedure (A), this approach may serve as preferred sample preparation of human plasma samples before HPLC-FLD in providing important information regarding elevated ADMA concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Voigt Schou-Pedersen
- Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Saligan LN, Lukkahatai N, Zhang ZJ, Cheung CW, Wang XM. Altered Cd8+ T lymphocyte Response Triggered by Arginase 1: Implication for Fatigue Intensification during Localized Radiation Therapy in Prostate Cancer Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 8:1249-1262. [PMID: 30364895 DOI: 10.4172/neuropsychiatry.1000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue, the most common side effect of cancer treatments, is observed to intensify during external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT). The underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the differentially expressed genes/proteins and their association with fatigue intensification during EBRT. Fatigue scores measured by FACT-F and peripheral blood were collected prior to treatment (baseline D0), at midpoint (days 19-21, D21) and endpoint (days 38-42, D42) from men (n=30) with non-metastatic prostate cancer undergoing EBRT. RNA extracted from peripheral blood was used for gene expression analysis. Plasma arginase I and arginine were examined using ELISA and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Differences in fatigue scores, gene and protein expression between times points following EBRT were analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc t-test. Fatigue scores decreased significantly from baseline (44.6 ± 8.1) to midpoint (37.3 ± 10.6, p=0.000, low scores indicating high fatigue) and to endpoint (37.4 ± 10.1, p=0.001) during EBRT. ARG1 (encoding arginase type 1) was significantly up regulated from baseline to midpoint of EBRT (fold change =2.41, p<0.05) whereas genes associated with the adaptive immune functional pathway (CD28, CD27, CCR7, CD3D, CD8A and HLA-DOB) were significantly downregulated >2-fold between the study time points. The changes in gene expression were associated with patient reported fatigue intensity. Moreover, the upregulation of ARG1 was negatively correlated with the absolute lymphocyte count (R2=0.561, p=0.01) only in the high level of fatigue group (n=17) during EBRT. Increased ARG1 expression is known to result in arginine deficiency, which leads to immunosuppression by impairing lymphocyte proliferation and activation. EBRT-induced ARG1 upregulation may play an essential role in fatigue intensification via the arginine deficiency and suppression of T-cell proliferation pathways. These findings may provide novel insights into the molecular-genetic mechanisms underlying the development and intensification of cancer treatment-related fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leorey N Saligan
- Nursing Research, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nada Lukkahatai
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Laboratory and Clinical research Institute for Pain, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Laboratory and Clinical research Institute for Pain, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Grübler MR, Gaksch M, Kienreich K, Verheyen ND, Schmid J, Müllner C, Richtig G, Scharnagl H, Trummer C, Schwetz V, Meinitzer A, Pieske B, März W, Tomaschitz A, Pilz S. Effects of Vitamin D3 on asymmetric- and symmetric dimethylarginine in arterial hypertension. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 175:157-163. [PMID: 28027911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accumulating evidence has proposed a correlation between vitamin D (25(OH)D) insufficiency and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Vitamin D associated effects on endothelial function have been suggested to be a possible culprit. The present study investigated the association of vitamin D3 treatment on markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS The Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre study conducted at the Medical University of Graz, Austria. A total of 200 study participants with arterial hypertension and 25(OH)D levels below 30ng/mL were enrolled. The study participants were randomized to receive 2800 IU of vitamin D3 per day as oily drops (n=100) or placebo (n=100) for a duration of eight weeks. The present study uses an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 treatment on symmetric (SDMA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). A total of 187 participants (mean [SD] age 60.0 [11.3] years; 47% women; 25(OH)D 21.2 [5.6]ng/mL; mean systolic blood pressure of 131.4 [8.9] mmHg on a median of 2 antihypertensive drugs) completed the trial. Mean treatment effect was -0.004 (95%CI [-0.03 to 0.04]; P=0.819) on ADMA and 0.001 (95%CI [-0.05 to 0.05]; P=0.850) on SDMA. In the subgroup analysis patients with a 25(OH)D concentration <20ng/mL had a significant increase in their log l-arginine/ADMA ratio (mean treatment effect 18.4 95%CI [1.84-34.9]μmol/L/μmol/L; P=0.030). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02136771 EudraCT number: 2009-018125-70 CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D3 supplementation in hypertensive patients with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D has no significant effect on ADMA and SDMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Grübler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3007 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M Gaksch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - K Kienreich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - N D Verheyen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J Schmid
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Müllner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G Richtig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - H Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Trummer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - V Schwetz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - B Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - W März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Tomaschitz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Bad Gleichenberg Clinic, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
| | - S Pilz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
The prognostic biomarker L-homoarginine is a substrate of the cationic amino acid transporters CAT1, CAT2A and CAT2B. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4767. [PMID: 28684763 PMCID: PMC5500509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Low plasma concentration of L-homoarginine is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and total mortality. Experimental data indicate that supplementation of L-homoarginine may have protective effects. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the cellular uptake of L-homoarginine, which are little understood, so far. Using human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell lines stably overexpressing the human cationic amino acid transporters CAT1 [solute carrier family 7 (SLC7A1)], CAT2A (SLC7A2A) or CAT2B (SLC7A2B) we assessed the transport kinetics of L-homoarginine and interactions with the CAT substrates L-arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Significant uptake of L-homoarginine was observed for all three CATs with apparent KM-values of 175 ± 7 µM for CAT1 and 523 ± 35 µM for CAT2B. Saturation of CAT2A-mediated L-homoarginine uptake could not be reached. Uptake of L-homoarginine by any of the three CATs could be inhibited by L-arginine and ADMA. Significant inhibition of CAT1-mediated uptake of L-homoarginine by L-arginine already occurred in the physiological concentration range. Taken together these data demonstrate that L-homoarginine is a substrate of CAT1, CAT2A and CAT2B and that CAT1 is a key site with regard to physiological relevance and interactions with related substrates such as L-arginine.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sozański T, Kucharska AZ, Szumny D, Magdalan J, Merwid-Ląd A, Nowak B, Piórecki N, Dzimira S, Jodkowska A, Szeląg A, Trocha M. Cornelian cherry consumption increases the l -arginine/ADMA ratio, lowers ADMA and SDMA levels in the plasma, and enhances the aorta glutathione level in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
37
|
Yu E, Ruiz-Canela M, Hu FB, Clish CB, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Hruby A, Fitó M, Liang L, Toledo E, Ros E, Estruch R, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Arós F, Romaguera D, Serra-Majem L, Guasch-Ferré M, Wang DD, Martínez-González MA. Plasma Arginine/Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Ratio and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events: A Case-Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1879-1888. [PMID: 28323949 PMCID: PMC6283443 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Context Arginine, its methylated metabolites, and other metabolites related to the urea cycle have been independently associated with cardiovascular risk, but the potential causal meaning of these associations (positive for some metabolites and negative for others) remains elusive due to a lack of studies measuring metabolite changes over time. Objective To examine the association between baseline and 1-year concentrations of urea cycle metabolites and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a case-cohort setting. Design A case-cohort study was nested within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea trial. We used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to assess metabolite levels at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. The primary CVD outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death. We used weighted Cox regression models (Barlow weights) to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Setting Multicenter randomized trial in Spain. Participants Participants were 984 participants accruing 231 events over 4.7 years' median follow-up. Main Outcome Measure Incident CVD. Results Baseline arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio [HR per standard deviation (SD) = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.96] and global arginine availability [arginine / (ornithine + citrulline)] (HR per SD = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.00) were significantly associated with lower risk of CVD. We observed no significant association for 1-year changes in these ratios or any effect modification by the Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention. Conclusions A higher baseline arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio was associated with lower CVD incidence in a high cardiovascular risk population. The intervention with the MD did not change 1-year levels of these metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Adela Hruby
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Araba, 01009 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Dong D Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, and Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wiśniewski J, Fleszar MG, Piechowicz J, Krzystek-Korpacka M, Chachaj A, Szuba A, Lorenc-Kukula K, Masłowski L, Witkiewicz W, Gamian A. A novel mass spectrometry-based method for simultaneous determination of asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine, l
-arginine and l
-citrulline optimized for LC-MS-TOF and LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Wiśniewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Mariusz G. Fleszar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Joanna Piechowicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
| | | | - Angelika Chachaj
- Department of Angiology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine; 4th Military Hospital; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department of Angiology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine; 4th Military Hospital; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lorenc-Kukula
- Shimadzu Center For Advanced Analytical Chemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; TX USA
| | - Leszek Masłowski
- Department of Vascular Surgery; Regional Specialist Hospital; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Department of Surgical Oncology; Regional Specialist Hospital; Wroclaw Poland
- Research and Development Center at Regional Specialist Hospital; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
- Wroclaw Research Center EIT+; Wroclaw Poland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Protective Effects of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes under Oxidative Stress in the Heart. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9456163. [PMID: 28421129 PMCID: PMC5379096 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9456163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background. Nitric oxide can successfully compete with oxygen for sites of electron-transport chain in conditions of myocardial hypoxia. These features may prevent excessive oxidative stress occurring in cardiomyocytes during sudden hypoxia-reoxygenation. Aim. To study the action of the potent stable NO donor dinitrosyl iron complex with glutathione (Oxacom®) on the recovery of myocardial contractile function and Ca2+ transients in cardiomyocytes during hypoxia-reoxygenation. Results. The isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min hypoxia followed by 30 min reoxygenation. The presence of 30 nM Oxacom in hypoxic perfusate reduced myocardial contracture and improved recovery of left ventricular developed pressure partly due to elimination of cardiac arrhythmias. The same Oxacom concentration limited reactive oxygen species generation in hypoxic cardiomyocytes and increased the viability of isolated cardiomyocytes during hypoxia from 12 to 52% and after reoxygenation from 0 to 40%. Oxacom prevented hypoxia-induced elevation of diastolic Ca2+ level and eliminated Ca2+ transport alterations manifested by slow Ca2+ removal from the sarcoplasm and delay in cardiomyocyte relaxation. Conclusion. The potent stable NO donor preserved cardiomyocyte integrity and improved functional recovery at hypoxia-reoxygenation both in the isolated heart and in cardiomyocytes mainly due to preservation of Ca2+ transport. Oxacom demonstrates potential for cardioprotection during hypoxia-reoxygenation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Donaldson T, Iozzino L, Deacon LJ, Billones H, Ausili A, D'Auria S, Dattelbaum JD. Engineering a switch-based biosensor for arginine using a Thermotoga maritima periplasmic binding protein. Anal Biochem 2017; 525:60-66. [PMID: 28259516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Thermotoga maritima arginine-binding protein (TmArgBP) has been modified to create a reagentless fluorescent protein biosensor. Two design methods for biosensor construction are compared: 1) solvent accessibility of environmentally-sensitive probes and 2) fluorescence deactivation due to photo-induced electron transfer (PET). Nine single cysteine TmArgBP mutants were created and labeled with three different environmentally sensitive fluorescent probes. These mutants demonstrated limited changes in fluorescence emission upon the addition of arginine. In contrast, the PET-based biosensor provides significant enhancements over the traditional approach and provides a fluorescence quenching mechanism that was capable of providing quantitative detection of arginine. Site-directed mutagenesis of TmArgBP was used to create attachment points for the fluorescent probe (K145C) and for an internal aromatic residue (D18X) to serve as the PET quencher. Both tyrosine and tryptophan, but not phenylalanine, were able to quench the emission of the fluorescent probe by more than 80% upon the addition of arginine. The dissociation constant for arginine ranged from 0.87 to 1.5 μM across the different sensors. This PET-based strategy provides a simple and broadly applicable approach for the analytical detection of small molecules that may be applied to any protein that exhibits conformational switching in a ligand dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teraya Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23173, USA
| | - Luisa Iozzino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23173, USA; Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, ISA-CNR, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Lindsay J Deacon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23173, USA
| | - Hilbert Billones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, 23173, USA
| | - Alessio Ausili
- Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, ISA-CNR, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Sabato D'Auria
- Laboratory for Molecular Sensing, ISA-CNR, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide helps maintain vascular function and is generated through the oxidation of arginine. Whether altered arginine metabolism may lead to elevated levels of inflammation in HIV is unclear. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of HIV-infected adults on stable antiretroviral therapy with HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/ml and HIV-uninfected controls. We measured biomarkers in the arginine pathway, markers of systemic inflammation, and monocyte activation. T-tests, χ tests, and propensity score matching analyses were used to compare markers by HIV status, and multiple linear regressions were used to assess associations of arginine metabolites with markers of inflammation. RESULTS Overall, 131 participants were enrolled (93 HIV-infected and 38 HIV-uninfected controls); 70% were men; 58% African-Americans; median age was 51 years, median absolute CD4 was 735 cell/mm. Lysine, arginine, citrulline, global arginine bioavailability ratio, and symmetrical dimethylarginine were different between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults (P = ≤0.02), but asymmetric dimethylarginine was not (P ≥ 0.13). Arginine biomarkers in HIV-infected, but not in HIV-uninfected controls, were associated with all measured markers of inflammation, endothelial activation, and coagulation (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION HIV-infected participants on antiretroviral therapy with virologic suppression have altered plasma levels of biomarkers in the arginine pathway compared with controls. These biomarkers are independently associated with markers of inflammation and monocyte activation in HIV.
Collapse
|
42
|
Stasyuk N, Gayda G, Yepremyan H, Stepien A, Gonchar M. Fluorometric enzymatic assay of l-arginine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 170:184-190. [PMID: 27450117 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The enzymes of l-arginine (further - Arg) metabolism are promising tools for elaboration of selective methods for quantitative Arg analysis. In our study we propose an enzymatic method for Arg assay based on fluorometric monitoring of ammonia, a final product of Arg splitting by human liver arginase I (further - arginase), isolated from the recombinant yeast strain, and commercial urease. The selective analysis of ammonia (at 415nm under excitation at 360nm) is based on reaction with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) in the presence of sulfite in alkali medium: these conditions permit to avoid the reaction of OPA with any amino acid. A linearity range of the fluorometric arginase-urease-OPA method is from 100nM to 6μМ with a limit of detection of 34nM Arg. The method was used for the quantitative determination of Arg in the pooled sample of blood serum. The obtained results proved to be in a good correlation with the reference enzymatic method and literature data. The proposed arginase-urease-OPA method being sensitive, economical, selective and suitable for both routine and micro-volume formats, can be used in clinical diagnostics for the simultaneous determination of Arg as well as urea and ammonia in serum samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Stasyuk
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Drahomanov Str. 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Galina Gayda
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Drahomanov Str. 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Hasmik Yepremyan
- Scientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology", National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Armenia
| | - Agnieszka Stepien
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Al. mjr.W.Kopisto 2 a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical Faculty of the University of Rzeszow, Warzywna 1A, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mykhailo Gonchar
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Drahomanov Str. 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bergman HM, Lanekoff I. Profiling and quantifying endogenous molecules in single cells using nano-DESI MS. Analyst 2017; 142:3639-3647. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00885f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nano-DESI MS enables sensitive molecular profiling and quantification of endogenous species in single cells in a higher throughput manner.
Collapse
|
44
|
Morris SM. Arginine Metabolism Revisited. J Nutr 2016; 146:2579S-2586S. [PMID: 27934648 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.226621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian arginine metabolism is complex due to the expression of multiple enzymes that utilize arginine as substrate and to interactions or competition between specific enzymes involved in arginine metabolism. Moreover, cells may contain multiple intracellular arginine pools that are not equally accessible to all arginine metabolic enzymes, thus presenting additional challenges to more fully understanding arginine metabolism. At the whole-body level, arginine metabolism ultimately results in the production of a biochemically diverse range of products, including nitric oxide, urea, creatine, polyamines, proline, glutamate, agmatine, and homoarginine. Included in this group of compounds are the methylated arginines (e.g., asymmetric dimethylarginine), which are released upon degradation of proteins containing methylated arginine residues. Changes in arginine concentration also can regulate cellular metabolism and function via a variety of arginine sensors. Although much is known about arginine metabolism, elucidation of the physiologic or pathophysiologic roles for all of the pathways and their metabolites remains an active area of investigation, as exemplified by current findings highlighted in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney M Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine as Risk Markers for Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165811. [PMID: 27812151 PMCID: PMC5094762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of studies linked elevated concentrations of circulating asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginine to mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. To summarize the evidence, we conducted a systematic review and quantified associations of ADMA and SDMA with the risks of all-cause mortality and incident CVD in meta-analyses accounting for different populations and methodological approaches of the studies. Methods Relevant studies were identified in PubMed until February 2015. We used random effect models to obtain summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), comparing top versus bottom tertiles. Dose-response relations were assessed by restricted cubic spline regression models and potential non-linearity was evaluated using a likelihood ratio test. Heterogeneity between subgroups was assessed by meta-regression analysis. Results For ADMA, 34 studies (total n = 32,428) investigating associations with all-cause mortality (events = 5,035) and 30 studies (total n = 30,624) investigating the association with incident CVD (events = 3,396) were included. The summary RRs (95%CI) for all-cause mortality were 1.52 (1.37–1.68) and for CVD 1.33 (1.22–1.45), comparing high versus low ADMA concentrations. Slight differences were observed across study populations and methodological approaches, with the strongest association of ADMA being reported with all-cause mortality in critically ill patients. For SDMA, 17 studies (total n = 18,163) were included for all-cause mortality (events = 2,903), and 13 studies (total n = 16,807) for CVD (events = 1,534). High vs. low levels of SDMA, were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality [summary RR (95%CI): 1.31 (1.18–1.46)] and CVD [summary RR (95%CI): 1.36 (1.10–1.68) Strongest associations were observed in general population samples. Conclusions The dimethylarginines ADMA and SDMA are independent risk markers for all-cause mortality and CVD across different populations and methodological approaches.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kirkby NS, Tesfai A, Ahmetaj-Shala B, Gashaw HH, Sampaio W, Etelvino G, Leão NM, Santos RA, Mitchell JA. Ibuprofen arginate retains eNOS substrate activity and reverses endothelial dysfunction: implications for the COX-2/ADMA axis. FASEB J 2016; 30:4172-4179. [PMID: 27601438 PMCID: PMC5102117 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600647r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, including ibuprofen, are among the most commonly used medications and produce their antiinflammatory effects by blocking cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Their use is associated with increased risk of heart attacks caused by blocking COX-2 in the vasculature and/or kidney, with our recent work implicating the endogenous NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a cardiotoxic hormone whose effects can be prevented by l-arginine. The ibuprofen salt ibuprofen arginate (Spididol) was created to increase solubility but we suggest that it could also augment the NO pathway through codelivery of arginine. Here we investigated the idea that ibuprofen arginate can act to simultaneously inhibit COX-2 and preserve the NO pathway. Ibuprofen arginate functioned similarly to ibuprofen sodium for inhibition of mouse/human COX-2, but only ibuprofen arginate served as a substrate for NOS. Ibuprofen arginate but not ibuprofen sodium also reversed the inhibitory effects of ADMA and NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester on inducible NOS (macrophages) and endothelial NOS in vitro (aorta) and in vivo (blood pressure). These observations show that ibuprofen arginate provides, in one preparation, a COX-2 inhibitor and NOS substrate that could act to negate the harmful cardiovascular consequences mediated by blocking renal COX-2 and increased ADMA. While remarkably simple, our findings are potentially game-changing in the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug arena.-Kirkby, N. S., Tesfai, A., Ahmetaj-Shala, B., Gashaw, H. H., Sampaio, W., Etelvino, G., Leão, N. M., Santos, R. A., Mitchell, J. A. Ibuprofen arginate retains eNOS substrate activity and reverses endothelial dysfunction: implications for the COX-2/ADMA axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Kirkby
- Vascular Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Abel Tesfai
- Vascular Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Blerina Ahmetaj-Shala
- Vascular Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Hime H Gashaw
- Vascular Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Walkyria Sampaio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute in Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gisele Etelvino
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute in Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nádia Miricéia Leão
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute in Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson A Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute in Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jane A Mitchell
- Vascular Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Homoarginine predicts mortality in treatment-naive patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2016; 217:12-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
48
|
Sanchez MD, Ochoa AC, Foster TP. Development and evaluation of a host-targeted antiviral that abrogates herpes simplex virus replication through modulation of arginine-associated metabolic pathways. Antiviral Res 2016; 132:13-25. [PMID: 27192555 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since their inception five decades ago, most antivirals have been engineered to disrupt a single viral protein or process that is essential for viral replication. This approach has limited the overall therapeutic effectiveness and applicability of current antivirals due to restricted viral specificity, a propensity for development of drug resistance, and an inability to control deleterious host-mediated inflammation. As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses are reliant on host metabolism and macromolecular synthesis pathways. Of these biosynthetic processes, many viruses, including Herpes simplex viruses (HSV), are absolutely dependent on the bioavailability of arginine, a non-essential amino acid that is critical for many physiological and pathophysiological processes associated with either facilitating viral replication or progression of disease. To assess if targeting host arginine-associated metabolic pathways would inhibit HSV replication, a pegylated recombinant human Arginase I (peg-ArgI) was generated and its in vitro anti-herpetic activity was evaluated. Cells continuously treated with peg-ArgI for over 48 h exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity or loss of cell viability. The antiviral activity of peg-ArgI displayed a classical dose-response curve with IC50's in the sub-nanomolar range. peg-ArgI potently inhibited HSV-1 and HSV-2 viral replication, infectious virus production, cell-to-cell spread/transmission and virus-mediated cytopathic effects. Not unexpectedly given its host-targeted mechanism of action, peg-ArgI showed similar effectiveness at controlling replication of single and multidrug resistant HSV-1 mutants. These findings illustrate that targeting host arginine-associated metabolic pathways is an effective means of controlling viral replicative processes. Further exploration into the breadth of viruses inhibited by peg-ArgI, as well as the ability of peg-ArgI to suppress arginine-associated virus-mediated pathophysiological disease processes is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dulfary Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, USA; The Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Augusto C Ochoa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, USA; The Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, USA; The Louisiana Vaccine Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Timothy P Foster
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, USA; The Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, USA; The Louisiana Vaccine Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Huemer M, Carvalho DR, Brum JM, Ünal Ö, Coskun T, Weisfeld-Adams JD, Schrager NL, Scholl-Bürgi S, Schlune A, Donner MG, Hersberger M, Gemperle C, Riesner B, Ulmer H, Häberle J, Karall D. Clinical phenotype, biochemical profile, and treatment in 19 patients with arginase 1 deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:331-340. [PMID: 27038030 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-016-9928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginase 1 (ARG1) deficiency is a rare urea cycle disorder (UCD). This hypothesis-generating study explored clinical phenotypes, metabolic profiles, molecular genetics, and treatment approaches in a cohort of children and adults with ARG1 deficiency to add to our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. METHODS Clinical data were retrieved retrospectively from physicians using a questionnaire survey. Plasma aminoacids, guanidinoacetate (GAA), parameters indicating oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis as well as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were measured at a single study site. RESULTS Nineteen individuals with ARG1 deficiency and 19 matched controls were included in the study. In patients, paraparesis, cognitive impairment, and seizures were significantly associated suggesting a shared underlying pathophysiology. In patients plasma GAA exceeded normal ranges and plasma ADMA was significantly elevated. Compared to controls, nitrate was significantly higher, and the nitrite:nitrate ratio significantly lower in subjects with ARG1 deficiency suggesting an advantage for NO synthesis by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) over endothelial NOS (eNOS). Logistic regression revealed no significant impact of any of the biochemical parameters (including arginine, nitrates, ADMA, GAA, oxidative stress) or protein restriction on long-term outcome. CONCLUSION Three main hypotheses which must be evaluated in a hypothesis driven confirmatory study are delineated from this study: 1) clinical manifestations in ARG1 deficiency are not correlated with arginine, protein intake, ADMA, nitrates or oxidative stress. 2) GAA is elevated and may be a marker or an active part of the pathophysiology of ARG1 deficiency. 3) Perturbations of NO metabolism merit future attention in ARG1 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Huemer
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Paediatrics, Landeskrankenhaus Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria.
| | - Daniel R Carvalho
- Genetic Unit, SARAH Network of Rehabilitation Hospital, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Jaime M Brum
- Molecular Pathology Department, Rede Sarah de Hospitais de Reabilitação, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Özlem Ünal
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara Children's Hospital, Haematology-Oncology Research and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turgay Coskun
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - James D Weisfeld-Adams
- Program for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nina L Schrager
- Program for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabine Scholl-Bürgi
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schlune
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus G Donner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious diseases, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Gemperle
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brunhilde Riesner
- Department of Paediatrics, Landeskrankenhaus Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Hanno Ulmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Häberle
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz - Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Karall
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jaja SI, Ogungbemi SO, Kehinde MO, Anigbogu CN. Supplementation with l-arginine stabilizes plasma arginine and nitric oxide metabolites, suppresses elevated liver enzymes and peroxidation in sickle cell anaemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:81-5. [PMID: 27156372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of l-arginine on liver function in SCD has received little or no attention. The effect of a chronic, oral, low-dose supplementation with l-arginine (1gm/day for 6 weeks) on some liver enzymes, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide metabolites was studied in 20 normal (non-sickle cell anaemia; NSCA) subjects and 20 sickle cell anaemia (SCA) subjects. Ten milliliters of blood was withdrawn from an ante-cubital vein for the estimation of plasma arginine concentration ([R]), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), plasma total bilirubin concentration [TB], malondialdehyde concentration [MDA] and nitric oxide metabolites concentration [NOx]. Before supplementation, ALT, AST, ALP (p<0.05 respectively) and TB (p<0.001) were higher in SCA subjects than in NSCA subjects. [R] and [NOx] were higher in NSCA subjects (p<0.001 and p<0.05 respectively). Supplementation caused greater percent increases in [R], and [NOX] in SCA than in NSCA subjects (p<0.001 in each case). l-Arginine caused greater percent reductions in ALT and AST in SCA subjects but greater percent reduction in ALP in NSCA subjects (p<0.001 in each case). Changes in [MDA] and [TB] in the two groups were similar. Study shows that chronic, oral, low-dose supplementation with l-arginine improved liver function, oxidative stress, plasma arginine concentration and nitric oxide metabolites levels in NSCA and SCA subjects. Responses in SCA subjects to l-arginine were more sensitive than in NSCA subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S I Jaja
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - S O Ogungbemi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M O Kehinde
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C N Anigbogu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|