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Dobersek U, Bender M, Etienne A, Fernandez Gil GE, Hostetter C. Meat consumption & positive mental health: A scoping review. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102556. [PMID: 38186660 PMCID: PMC10770626 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this scoping review was to examine the breadth of the existing literature on the relation between meat consumption or meat abstention and positive psychological functioning. In April 2022, we conducted a systematic search of online databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) for primary research examining positive psychological functioning in meat consumers and those who abstain from meat. Thirteen studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, representing 89,138 participants (54,413 females and 33,863 males) with 78,562 meat consumers and 10,148 meat abstainers (13-102 years) from multiple geographic regions. The primary outcomes were life satisfaction, "positive mental health", self-esteem, and vigor. The secondary outcomes were "meaning in life", optimism, positive emotions, and psychological well-being. Eight of the 13 studies demonstrated no differences between the groups on positive psychological functioning, three studies showed mixed results, and two studies showed that compared to meat abstainers, meat consumers had greater self-esteem, "positive mental health", and "meaning in life". Studies varied substantially in methods and outcomes. Although a small minority of studies showed that meat consumers had more positive psychological functioning, no studies suggested that meat abstainers did. There was mixed evidence for temporal relations, but study designs precluded causal inferences. Our review demonstrates the need for future research given the equivocal nature of the extant literature on the relation between meat consumption and meat abstention and positive psychological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urska Dobersek
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Mary Bender
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Alexandria Etienne
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
| | | | - Claire Hostetter
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
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Archer E, Marlow ML, Lavie CJ. Controversy and debate: Memory-Based Methods Paper 1: the fatal flaws of food frequency questionnaires and other memory-based dietary assessment methods. J Clin Epidemiol 2018; 104:113-124. [PMID: 30121379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an escalating debate over the value and validity of self-reported dietary intake as estimated by Food Frequency Questionnaires and other forms of memory-based dietary assessment methods. Proponents argue that despite limitations, memory-based methods provide valid and valuable information about consumed foods and beverages and therefore can be used to assess diet-disease relations. In fact, over the past 60 years, thousands of memory-based dietary research reports were used to inform public policy and establish the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Yet, despite this impressive history, our position is that memory-based dietary assessment methods are invalid and inadmissible for scientific research and therefore cannot be used in evidence-based policy making. Herein, we present the empirical evidence and theoretic and philosophic perspectives that render data derived from memory-based methods both fatally flawed and pseudoscientific. First, the use of memory-based methods is founded upon two inter-related logical fallacies: a category error and reification. Second, human memory and recall are not valid instruments for scientific data collection. Third, in standard epidemiologic contexts, the measurement errors associated with self-reported data are nonfalsifiable because there is no way to ascertain if the reported foods and beverages match the respondent's actual consumption. Fourth, the assignment of nutrient and energy values to self-reported intake (i.e., the pseudoquantification of anecdotal data) is impermissible and violates the foundational tenets of measurement theory. Fifth, the proxy estimates created via pseudoquantification are often physiologically implausible and have little relation to actual nutrient and energy consumption. Finally, investigators engendered a fictional discourse on the health effects of dietary sugar, salt, fat and cholesterol when they failed to cite contrary evidence or address decades of research demonstrating the fatal measurement, analytic, and inferential flaws of memory-based dietary assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Archer
- Chief Science Officer, EvolvingFX, Jupiter, FL 33468, USA.
| | | | - Carl J Lavie
- Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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3
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Roberts K, Cade J, Dawson J, Holdsworth M. Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns in UK Adults Are Associated with Sociodemographic Characteristics, Lifestyle, and Diet Quality. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020177. [PMID: 29415478 PMCID: PMC5852753 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine empirical dietary patterns in UK adults and their association with sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, self-reported nutrient intake, nutrient biomarkers, and the Nutrient-based Diet Quality Score (NDQS) using National Diet and Nutrition Survey data 2008–2012 (n = 2083; mean age 49 years; 43.3% male). Four patterns explained 13.6% of the total variance: ‘Snacks, fast food, fizzy drinks’ (SFFFD), ‘Fruit, vegetables, oily fish’ (FVOF), ‘Meat, potatoes, beer’ (MPB), and ‘Sugary foods, dairy’ (SFD). ‘SFFFD’ was associated positively with: being male; smoking; body mass index (BMI); urinary sodium; intake of non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES), fat and starch; and negatively with: age; plasma carotenoids; and NDQS. ‘FVOF’ was associated positively with: being non-white; age; income; socioeconomic classification (National Statistics Socio-economic Classifications; NSSEC); plasma carotenoids; intake of non-starch polysaccharides and polyunsaturated fatty acids. It was negatively associated with: being male, smoking, BMI, urinary sodium, intake of saturated fat; and NMES and NDQS. Whilst the patterns explained only 13.6% of the total variance, they were associated with self-reported nutrient intake, biomarkers of nutrient intake, sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, and the NDQS. These findings provide support for dietary patterns analyses as a means of exploring dietary intake in the UK population to inform public health nutrition policy and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Roberts
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK.
- Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London SE1 6LH, UK.
| | - Janet Cade
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Jeremy Dawson
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Michelle Holdsworth
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK.
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George BJ, Beasley TM, Brown AW, Dawson J, Dimova R, Divers J, Goldsby TU, Heo M, Kaiser KA, Keith S, Kim MY, Li P, Mehta T, Oakes JM, Skinner A, Stuart E, Allison DB. Common scientific and statistical errors in obesity research. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:781-90. [PMID: 27028280 PMCID: PMC4817356 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review identifies 10 common errors and problems in the statistical analysis, design, interpretation, and reporting of obesity research and discuss how they can be avoided. The 10 topics are: 1) misinterpretation of statistical significance, 2) inappropriate testing against baseline values, 3) excessive and undisclosed multiple testing and "P-value hacking," 4) mishandling of clustering in cluster randomized trials, 5) misconceptions about nonparametric tests, 6) mishandling of missing data, 7) miscalculation of effect sizes, 8) ignoring regression to the mean, 9) ignoring confirmation bias, and 10) insufficient statistical reporting. It is hoped that discussion of these errors can improve the quality of obesity research by helping researchers to implement proper statistical practice and to know when to seek the help of a statistician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. George
- Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - T. Mark Beasley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Andrew W. Brown
- Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - John Dawson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Rositsa Dimova
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - TaShauna U. Goldsby
- Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Moonseong Heo
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467
| | - Kathryn A. Kaiser
- Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Scott Keith
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Mimi Y. Kim
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467
| | - Peng Li
- Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Tapan Mehta
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Health Services Administration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - J. Michael Oakes
- Department of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | - Asheley Skinner
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Elizabeth Stuart
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - David B. Allison
- Office of Energetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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Allison DB, Bassaganya-Riera J, Burlingame B, Brown AW, le Coutre J, Dickson SL, van Eden W, Garssen J, Hontecillas R, Khoo CSH, Knorr D, Kussmann M, Magistretti PJ, Mehta T, Meule A, Rychlik M, Vögele C. Goals in Nutrition Science 2015-2020. Front Nutr 2015; 2:26. [PMID: 26442272 PMCID: PMC4563164 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David B Allison
- Office of Energetics and Nutrition Obesity Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA ; Section on Statistical Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA ; Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA ; Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA , USA
| | - Barbara Burlingame
- Deakin University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; American University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Andrew W Brown
- Office of Energetics and Nutrition Obesity Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Johannes le Coutre
- Nestlé Research Center , Lausanne , Switzerland ; Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan ; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Suzanne L Dickson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Willem van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA , USA
| | - Chor San H Khoo
- North American Branch of International Life Sciences Institute , Washington, DC , USA
| | | | - Martin Kussmann
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland ; Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal , Saudi Arabia ; Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Tapan Mehta
- Department of Health Services Administration, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München , Freising , Germany
| | - Claus Vögele
- Research Unit INSIDE, Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg , Luxembourg , Luxembourg
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