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Padhani ZA, Das JK, Siddiqui FA, Salam RA, Lassi ZS, Khan DSA, Abbasi AMA, Keats EC, Soofi S, Black RE, Bhutta ZA. Optimal timing of introduction of complementary feeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1501-1524. [PMID: 37016953 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The timing of introducing complementary feeding (CF) is crucial because premature or delayed CF can be associated with adverse health outcomes in childhood and adulthood. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of the timing of CF introduction on health, nutrition, and developmental outcomes among normal-term infants. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases and trial registries were searched, along with the reference lists of the included studies and relevant systematic reviews. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently extracted data from the included studies on a standardized data-extraction form. DATA ANALYSIS Data were meta-analyzed separately for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies on the basis of early introduction of CF (< 3 months, < 4 months, < 6 months of age) or late introduction of CF (> 6 months, > 8 months of age). Evidence was summarized according to GRADE criteria. In total, 268 documents were included in the review, of which 7 were RCTs (from 24 articles) and 217 were observational studies (from 244 articles). Evidence from RCTs did not suggest an impact of early introduction, while low-certainty evidence from observational studies suggested that early introduction of CF (< 6 months) might increase body mass index (BMI) z score and overweight/obesity. Early introduction at < 3 months might increase BMI and odds of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), and early introduction at < 4 months might increase height, LRTI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). For late introduction of CF, there was a lack of evidence from RCTs, but low-certainty evidence from observational studies suggests that late introduction of CF (> 6 months) might decrease height, BMI, and systolic and diastolic BP and might increase odds of intestinal helminth infection, while late introduction of CF (> 8 months) might increase height-for-age z score. CONCLUSION Insufficient evidence does suggest increased adiposity with early introduction of CF. Hence, the current recommendation of introduction of CF should stand, though more robust studies, especially from low- and middle-income settings, are needed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42020218517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra A Padhani
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jai K Das
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faareha A Siddiqui
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rehana A Salam
- Centre of Research Excellence, Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zohra S Lassi
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ammaar M A Abbasi
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Emily C Keats
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sajid Soofi
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Robert E Black
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Müller C, Chabanet C, Zeinstra GG, Jager G, Schwartz C, Nicklaus S. The sweet tooth of infancy: Is sweetness exposure related to sweetness liking in infants up to 12 months of age? Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-11. [PMID: 35949004 PMCID: PMC10024975 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Infants become increasingly exposed to sweet-tasting foods in their first year of life. However, it is still unclear whether repeated exposure to sweet taste is linked to infants' sweetness liking during this period. Making use of data from the OPALINE cohort, this study aimed to examine the link between sweetness exposure and sweetness liking during two important periods in early infant feeding: at the start of complementary feeding (3-6 months) and the transition to the family table (10-12 months). Infants' sweetness exposure was assessed using 7-d food records which were completed by mothers every month (n 312), reporting daily consumption rates of formula/breast milk or complementary food and the type of formula milk and/or complementary foods for each feeding occasion. Infants' sweetness liking was studied in the laboratory at 3, 6 and 12 months of age by assessing their response to a lactose-water solution and the amount drunk of this solution compared with plain water. Linear regressions and structural equation model assessed associations between exposure to and liking for sweetness at 6 and 12 months. Neither at 6 (n 182) nor at 12 months (n 197) was sweetness exposure associated with sweetness liking. While sweetness liking at 3 months was unrelated to liking at 6 months, the latter predicted sweetness liking at 12 months. These findings demonstrate no association between sweetness exposure at 3 to 12 months and liking at 6 and 12 months despite a sharp increase in sweetness exposure in that period. However, sweetness liking at 6 and 12 months was positively associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Müller
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6703HD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Chabanet
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Gertrude G. Zeinstra
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO 17, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerry Jager
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6703HD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Camille Schwartz
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Nicklaus
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Sweetness of Chilean Infants' Diets: Methodology and Description. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071447. [PMID: 35406060 PMCID: PMC9003557 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugars and other sweeteners contribute to the sweet taste of foods; exposure to this taste could alter appetite regulation and preferences for sweet products. Despite this, there is no widely accepted methodology for estimating overall diet sweetness. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to estimate diet sweetness and describe diet sweetness in a cohort of Chilean infants. In order to estimate diet sweetness density, the sweetness intensity of foods was obtained from existing databases and from sensory evaluations in products with no available information and then linked to 24-h dietary recalls of infants at 12 and 36 months of age. Diet sweetness density was significantly and positively associated with total sugars and non-nutritive sweeteners intakes. The main food sources of sweetness at 12 months were fruits (27%) and beverages (19%). Sweetness density increased 40% between 12 and 36 months (from 1196 to 1673, p < 0.01), and sweetness density at both ages was significantly associated. At 36 months, beverages and dairy products were the main sources of sweetness (representing 32.2% and 28.6%, respectively). The methodology presented here to estimate the sweetness density of the diet could be useful for other studies to help elucidate different effects of exposure to high sweetness.
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Sobek G, Dąbrowski M. The importance of the taste preferences and sensitivity of mothers and their children in the aspect of excessive body weight of children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1031884. [PMID: 36465664 PMCID: PMC9708877 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1031884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food selection among adults and mostly children depends mainly on the taste of a dish. Poor taste sensitivity as well as strong preferences for sweet and fat taste may be the factors predisposing children to become overweight and/or develop obesity. Family environment, including mothers' eating habits and preferences, may affect children's taste perception and preferences. The aim of the study was to assess taste perception and preferences in children and their mothers in relation to their weight status. METHODS Sensory tests were carried out using puddings with different sugar and fat content. In all study participants anthropometric measurements (weight and height with BMI calculation) were performed. RESULTS The study results did not reveal any differences in the taste sensitivity of overweight/obese and normative body weight children. Similarity was found in the perception of different levels of sweet/fat flavors among children and parents. Overweight/obese children were two times more likely to choose a very fat and very sweet taste compared to normal weight children. The results showed that children prefer a sweet taste more often than their mothers. Mothers' fat taste preferences were important - the fatter the taste they selected, the greater the percentage of children with obesity. DISCUSSION Mothers' taste sensitivity may affect children's perception of the quality (intensity) of flavors. Normal-weight children chose a low fat and low sweet taste more frequently than those with excess of body weight. The role of parents in shaping taste preferences is of utmost importance and should be based on limiting the consumption of products rich in sugar and/or fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Sobek
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland
- *Correspondence: Grzegorz Sobek,
| | - Mariusz Dąbrowski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland
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Ventura AK, Phelan S, Silva Garcia K. Maternal Diet During Pregnancy and Lactation and Child Food Preferences, Dietary Patterns, and Weight Outcomes: a Review of Recent Research. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:413-426. [PMID: 34383279 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Efforts to promote children's preferences for healthy foods hold much potential for improving diet quality and preventing obesity. The purpose of this review was to summarize recent evidence for associations between maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation and child food preferences, dietary patterns, and weight outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research illustrates greater maternal vegetable intakes during pregnancy and lactation predict greater child preferences for and intakes of vegetables. Recent randomized clinical trials to improve maternal weight outcomes during the perinatal period via behavioral lifestyle interventions that included dietary components have yielded mixed findings for effects on child weight outcomes. There is strong evidence that maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation shapes flavor preferences during infancy; more research is needed to understand factors that facilitate versus hinder the translation of these preferences to later dietary patterns and weight outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Ventura
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, One Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA.
| | - Suzanne Phelan
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, One Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Karina Silva Garcia
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, One Grand Ave, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
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Nurrizka RH, Wenny DM, Amalia R. Complementary Feeding Practices and Influencing Factors Among Children Under 2 Years of Age: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2021; 24:535-545. [PMID: 34796098 PMCID: PMC8593361 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2021.24.6.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the practice of complementary feeding and its influencing factors in children under 2 years of age in Indonesia. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data obtained from the 2017 National Socioeconomic Survey. The sample totaled 1,751 households with children under 2 years of age, who received complementary feeding in urban and rural communities. Furthermore, the practice of complementary feeding was evaluated on the basis of the variations in provided food grouped into two categories: complete and incomplete. This study applied bivariate and multivariate analytical methods. Multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS The proportion of children under 2 years of age who received complementary feeding with complete variant food was 15.9%, while that with incomplete variant food was 84.1%. Furthermore, the factor influencing the practice of complementary feeding among the children was the mother's educational level (odds ratio: 1.481, 95% confidence interval: 0.245-0.943). CONCLUSION Complete complementary feeding, which involves a variety of food sources, is the best approach to improve the nutritional status of infants. Therefore, the source of food for complementary feeding must be accessible to all communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmah Hida Nurrizka
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Muthia Wenny
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rizki Amalia
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Dietary Habits and Choices of 4-to-6-Year-Olds: Do Children Have a Preference for Sweet Taste? CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090774. [PMID: 34572206 PMCID: PMC8470835 DOI: 10.3390/children8090774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Children develop food preferences by coming into direct contact with various food products through the senses of taste, touch, sight and smell. The aim of this study was to analyze the food preferences of children aged 4 to 6 years and to determine whether age and gender influence children’s food preferences and whether the preference for sweet taste changes with age. The study involved a paper questionnaire containing images of 115 different food products and dishes. The respondents expressed their preferences by choosing the appropriate emoji (happy, sad or neutral face). The study was conducted between 2018 and 2020, and it involved 684 children from 10 kindergartens. Girls chose a significantly higher number of foods and dishes they liked than boys (p = 0.002), and 4-year-olds gave a higher number of “neutral” responses than 5- and 6-year-olds (p = 0.001). Dietary diversity increased with age, and younger children were familiar with fewer foods than 6-year-olds (p = 0.002). Children had a clear preference for sweet taste, regardless of age and gender. Young children (4-year-olds) were more likely to accept healthy foods despite the fact that they were familiar with fewer products and dishes.
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Young Children’s Learning about Hunger and Satiety through the Lens of the Norms of Those Who Feed Them. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10080292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on parental perceptions of signs of hunger and satiety in children under 4 years of age and their effects on feeding practices, in a sample of parents of children with typical development. Discourse analysis shows the close relationships between social food norms, nutritional norms, medicalized child care norms, and educational norms in adults’ determination of children’s appetites according to their perceived needs and psychomotor development. The results also indicate how these norms are expressed according to social position, parental experience and context. More broadly, this article addresses top-down education—from adults to children—in food socialization, and points to the varying attention paid to the signals given by the child. It thus highlights some of the processes by which biological, psychological and social factors interact in socializing children to food.
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Associations between Infant Dietary Intakes and Liking for Sweetness and Fattiness Sensations in 8-to-12-Year-Old Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082659. [PMID: 34444818 PMCID: PMC8399911 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An exposure to sweetened and fatty foods early in life may be involved in high liking later in life. The objective is to investigate the association between dietary exposure to carbohydrate, sugars and fat in infancy, with liking for sweetness, fattiness and fattiness-and-sweetness sensations at 8-to-12-year-old. Analyses were conducted on 759 French children from the EDEN mother-child cohort. Carbohydrate, sugar or fat intake, being a consumer of added sugars or added fats were assessed at 8 and 12 months using 3-day food records. The liking score (0–10) for the different sensations was assessed through an online child-completed questionnaire. Associations were tested by linear regressions adjusted for main confounders and the interaction with sex was tested. None of the early dietary exposure variables was related to fattiness liking. Carbohydrate intake at 8 months was positively but weakly associated with liking for sweetness-and-fattiness. In girls only, carbohydrate intake at 12 months was positively associated with liking for sweetness. Globally, no marked associations were observed between infant dietary exposure to sweet and fat and liking for sweetness and fattiness in young children. The positive link in girls between early carbohydrate exposure and later liking for sweetness needs to be confirmed in further studies.
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Nguyen AN, van Langeveld AWB, de Vries JHM, Ikram MA, de Graaf C, Mars M, Voortman T. Dietary taste patterns in early childhood: the Generation R Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 113:63-69. [PMID: 33184622 PMCID: PMC7779211 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taste preference is an important determinant of dietary intake and is influenced by taste exposure in early life. However, data on dietary taste patterns in early childhood are scarce. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate dietary taste patterns in early childhood, to examine their tracking between the ages of 1 and 2 y, and to examine their associations with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. METHODS Dietary intake of children participating in a population-based cohort was assessed with a 211-item age-specific FFQ at the ages of 1 y ( n = 3629) and 2 y (n = 844) (2003-2007). Taste intensity values of FFQ food items were calculated based on a food taste database that had been previously constructed and evaluated using a trained adult sensory panel. Cluster analysis based on taste values identified 5 taste clusters that we named: "neutral," "sweet and sour," "sweet and fat," "fat," and "salt, umami and fat." Linear regression models were used to examine associations of percentage energy (E%) intake from these taste clusters with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. RESULTS At the age of 1 y, 64% ± 13% (mean ± SD) of energy intake was obtained from the "neutral" cluster, whereas at age 2 y, this was 42% ± 8%. At age 2 y, children had higher energy intakes from the "sweet and fat" (18% ± 7%), "fat" (11% ± 4%), and "salt, umami, and fat" (18% ± 6%) clusters than at age 1 y (7% ± 6%, 6% ± 4%, and 11% ± 6%, respectively). In multivariable models, older maternal age, longer breastfeeding duration, and later introduction of complementary feeding were associated with more energy from the "neutral" cluster (e.g., β: 0.31 E%; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.43 E% per 1 mo longer breastfeeding). Higher child BMI was associated with more energy from the "salt, umami, and fat" cluster (β: 0.22 E%; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.38 E% per BMI standard deviation score). CONCLUSIONS Dietary taste patterns in this Dutch cohort were more varied and intense in taste at age 2 y than at 1 y, reaching a level similar to that previously observed in Dutch adults. Important factors related to dietary taste patterns of young children are maternal sociodemographic factors and feeding practices.This trial was registered at trialregister.nl as NL6484.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh N Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jeanne H M de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cees de Graaf
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Monica Mars
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Preferences for Sweet and Fatty Taste in Children and Their Mothers in Association with Weight Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020538. [PMID: 31952132 PMCID: PMC7013461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Strong preferences for sweet and fat tastes (characters) are associated with the consumption of foods high in calories. The taste preferences, especially the sweet and fat tastes (characters), might be one of the factors predisposing children to become overweight and/or develop obesity. The aim of the study is to assess taste preferences in children and their mothers in association with their weight status. In the study, 150 children aged 8–15 were included; among them, 75 had overweight and/or obesity, and 150 mothers of whom 69 were overweight and/or obese. Body composition estimates were obtained using a bioelectrical impedance analysis-body height was measured using a stadiometerSeca 213. Sensory tests were carried out using apple juice of various sugar content and crackers of various fat content. Results show that children prefer a sweet taste more often than their mothers (50.0% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.009). In the group of children who preferred the high-sweet taste, there were twice as many obese children when compared to the group who preferred the low-sweet taste. Similar relationships applied to mothers. Preferences for fat taste (character) among mothers increased the risk of obesity among their children (39% vs. 20%; p = 0.039). Taste preferences, especially a sweet taste preference, seem to be one of the important factors determining overweight and obesity in children and adults. The fat taste(character) preferences in mothers correlate with the overweight and/or obesity of their children, while such preferences among children were not significantly different irrespective of body weight status.
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Nicklaus S, Schwartz C. Early influencing factors on the development of sensory and food preferences. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22:230-235. [PMID: 30883465 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review focuses on studies investigating the factors related to the development of preferences for foods and sensory inputs (tastes, odours, and food textures) in the first years of life, which constitutes a specific window for food learning. RECENT FINDINGS Foetal nutrition, intrauterine growth, and prematurity influence food preferences; this topic warrants more research to broaden our understanding of the 1000 days phenomenon. Although it is less studied than other sensory inputs, food texture acceptance, and the related sensitive period for texture introduction are attracting more attention, as is the impact of fat acceptance. Research should focus not on vegetables alone but on diverse foods whose consumption is encouraged (e.g., fishes and legumes). The role of parental feeding practices, as another major determinant, continues to inspire research exploring the bidirectional influences between children and caregivers. New interventions have confirmed the strong positive influence of repeated exposure to foods through familiarization via taste lessons, cooking, or play activities on acceptance. Interventions that consider individuals traits are necessary. SUMMARY Although new evidence is available, it remains a challenge to consider both individual traits and bidirectional influences between parents and children and to investigate this issue worldwide and in all socioeconomic status groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Nicklaus
- Centre des Sciences du GoÛt et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Bournez M, Ksiazek E, Charles MA, Lioret S, Brindisi MC, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Nicklaus S. Frequency of Use of Added Sugar, Salt, and Fat in Infant Foods up to 10 Months in the Nationwide ELFE Cohort Study: Associated Infant Feeding and Caregiving Practices. Nutrients 2019; 11:E733. [PMID: 30934918 PMCID: PMC6520717 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sugar, salt, and fat in infancy may influence later health. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of use of added sugar, salt, and fat during the complementary feeding period and the associated infant caregiving practices. Data were obtained from a monthly questionnaire filled by parents for 10,907 infants from the French Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) cohort. A score of frequency of use (SU) for added sugar, salt, and fat (oil, margarine, butter, and/or cream) was calculated from the age at complementary feeding introduction (CFI) to the 10th month. Associations between the SU of each added ingredient with infant feeding and caregiving practices were studied with multivariable linear regressions adjusted for familial characteristics. Only 28% of the parents followed the recommendation of adding fat and simultaneously not adding sugar or salt. Breastfeeding mothers were more prone to add sugar, salt, and fat than non-breastfeeding mothers. CFI before four months was positively associated with the SU of added sugar and salt and negatively associated with the SU of added fat. The use of commercial baby food was negatively related to the SU of added salt and fat. The use of these added ingredients was mainly related to breastfeeding, age at CFI, and use of commercial food, and it was independent of the household socioeconomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bournez
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Hôpital d'Enfants, Pediatrics, 21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Eléa Ksiazek
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Early life research on later health Team (EAROH), F-75014 Paris, France.
- 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Early life research on later health Team (EAROH), F-75014 Paris, France.
- 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Marie-Claude Brindisi
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Hôpital d'Enfants, Endocrinology, Nutrition, 21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Early life research on later health Team (EAROH), F-75014 Paris, France.
- 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Paris Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Nicklaus
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Scherdel P, Matczak S, Léger J, Martinez-Vinson C, Goulet O, Brauner R, Nicklaus S, Resche-Rigon M, Chalumeau M, Heude B. Algorithms to Define Abnormal Growth in Children: External Validation and Head-To-Head Comparison. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:241-249. [PMID: 30137417 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth monitoring of apparently healthy children aims at early detection of serious conditions by use of both clinical expertise and algorithms that define abnormal growth. The seven existing algorithms provide contradictory definitions of growth abnormality and have a low level of validation. OBJECTIVE An external validation study with head-to-head comparison of the seven algorithms combined with study of the impact of use of the World Health Organization (WHO) vs national growth charts on algorithm performance. DESIGN With a case-referent approach, we retrospectively applied all algorithms to growth data for children with Turner syndrome, GH deficiency, or celiac disease (n = 341) as well as apparently healthy children (n = 3406). Sensitivity, specificity, and theoretical reduction in time to diagnosis for each algorithm were calculated for each condition by using the WHO or national growth charts. RESULTS Among the two algorithms with high specificity (>98%), the Grote clinical decision rule had higher sensitivity than the Coventry consensus (4.6% to 54% vs 0% to 8.9%, P < 0.05) and offered better theoretical reduction in time to diagnosis (median: 0.0 to 0.9 years vs 0 years, P < 0.05). Sensitivity values were significantly higher with the WHO than national growth charts at the expense of specificity. CONCLUSION The Grote clinical decision rule had the best performance for early detection of the three studied diseases, but its limited potential for reducing time to diagnosis suggests the need for better-performing algorithms based on appropriate growth charts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Scherdel
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center, Early Origins of the Child's Health and Development Team, Paris Descartes University, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Soraya Matczak
- Department of General Pediatrics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Juliane Léger
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Robert-Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Diderot University, Reference Centre for Endocrine Growth and Development Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Christine Martinez-Vinson
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Robert-Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Goulet
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology and Nutrition, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Raja Brauner
- Unité d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Nicklaus
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSupDijon Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Matthieu Resche-Rigon
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center, Epidémiologie Clinique, Statistique, pour la Recherche en Santé, Service de Biostatistique et Information Médicale, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Martin Chalumeau
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center, Obstetrical, Perinatal, and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Department of General Pediatrics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- INSERM, UMR1153 Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center, Early Origins of the Child's Health and Development Team, Paris Descartes University, Villejuif, France
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15
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Martin C, Issanchou S. Nutrient sensing: What can we learn from different tastes about the nutrient contents in today’s foods? Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Schwartz C, Madrelle J, Brignot H, Delarue J, Cuvelier G, Nicklaus S, Feron G, Tournier C. Acceptance of added fat to first complementary feeding purees: An exploration of fat type, feeding history and saliva composition. Appetite 2018; 131:160-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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17
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Cox DN, Hendrie GA, Lease HJ, Rebuli MA, Barnes M. How does fatty mouthfeel, saltiness or sweetness of diets contribute to dietary energy intake? Appetite 2018; 131:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Patterns and predictors of food texture introduction in French children aged 4–36 months. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1065-1077. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aims of this study were to describe which and when food textures are offered to children between 4 and 36 months in France and to identify the associated factors. An online cross-sectional survey was designed, including questions about 188 food texture combinations representing three texture levels: purées (T1), soft small pieces (T2) and hard/large pieces and double textures (T3). Mothers indicated which combinations they already offered to their child. A food texture exposure score (TextExp) was calculated for all of the texture levels combined and for each texture level separately. Associations between TextExp and maternal and child characteristics and feeding practices were explored by multiple linear regressions, per age class. Answers from 2999 mothers living in France, mostly educated and primiparous, were analysed. Over the first year, children were mainly exposed to purées. Soft and small pieces were slowly introduced between 6 and 22 months, whereas hard/large pieces were mainly introduced from 13 months onwards. TextExp was positively associated with children’s number of teeth and ability to eat alone with their finger or a fork. For almost all age classes, TextExp was higher in children introduced to complementary feeding earlier, lower for children who were offered only commercial baby foods and higher for those who were offered only home-made/non-specific foods during the second year. Our study shows that until 12 months of age the majority of French children were exposed to pieces to a small extent. It provides new insights to further understand the development of texture acceptance during a key period for the development of eating habits.
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Khan AS, Hichami A, Khan NA. Taste perception and its effects on oral nutritional supplements in younger life phases. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2018; 21:411-415. [PMID: 29939969 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review summarizes the importance of taste perception with regard to acceptance of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in young children. We also shed light on how basic tastes may influence the orosensory detection of ONS in the light of genetic variations, encoding for different taste modalities, particularly for sweet and bitter (and fat), in children. RECENT FINDINGS Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of bitter and sweet taste receptor genes, that is, respectively, TAS2R38 and T1R2/T1R3, may influence orosensory perception of 'bitter-made-sweet' ONS. The SNP of fat taste receptor gene, that is, CD36, might communicate with bitter taste perception. The emerging new sixth fat taste may interfere with obesity in children. SUMMARY Sweet and bitter taste modalities are innate cues, expressed by children from birth to adolescence, either by a strong preference or by food aversion. Sweet and bitter tastes also communicate with each other as sweeteners can mask bitter phenotype. The fat preference, encoded by specific lingual taste receptors, is also modulated, via its interaction with phenotype and genotype, by bitter taste. Sodium salts might interact with bitter taste. Finally, the taste modalities will impact on the intake of ONS in children as the taste phenotype changes in this population, irrespective to genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Sayed Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Compté (UBFC), Dijon, France
- Département de Biochimie, Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université des Frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Aziz Hichami
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Compté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition & Toxicologie (NUTox), UMR U1231 INSERM/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Compté (UBFC), Dijon, France
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Abstract
This report summarises a workshop convened by ILSI Europe on 3 and 4 April 2017 to discuss the issue of dietary sweetness. The objectives were to understand the roles of sweetness in the diet, establish whether exposure to sweetness affects diet quality and energy intake, and consider whether sweetness per se affects health. Although there may be evidence for tracking of intake of some sweet components of the diet through childhood, evidence for tracking of whole diet sweetness, or through other stages of maturity are lacking. The evidence to date does not support adverse effects of sweetness on diet quality or energy intake, except where sweet food choices increase intake of free sugars. There is some evidence for improvements in diet quality and reduced energy intake where sweetness without calories replaces sweetness with calories. There is a need to understand the physiological and metabolic relevance of sweet taste receptors on the tongue, in the gut and elsewhere in the body, as well as possible differentiation in the effects of sustained consumption of individual sweeteners. Despite a plethora of studies, there is no consistent evidence for an association of sweetness sensitivity/preference with obesity or type 2 diabetes. A multifaceted integrated approach, characterising nutritive and sensory aspects of the whole diet or dietary patterns, may be more valuable in providing contextual insight. The outcomes of the workshop could be used as a scientific basis to inform the expert community and create more useful dialogue among health care professionals.
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Schwartz C, Chabanet C, Szleper E, Feyen V, Issanchou S, Nicklaus S. Infant Acceptance of Primary Tastes and Fat Emulsion: Developmental Changes and Links with Maternal and Infant Characteristics. Chem Senses 2017; 42:593-603. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjx040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Developmental Readiness, Caregiver and Child Feeding Behaviors, and Sensory Science as a Framework for Feeding Young Children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/nt.0000000000000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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