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Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Survival Analysis of Shenyang in Northeast China: A Population-Based Study from 2008 to 2017. Breast J 2022; 2022:6168832. [PMID: 36320435 PMCID: PMC9596254 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6168832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the status of breast cancer incidence, trends, and survival in women in urban Shenyang from 2008–2017 using large Cancer Registry data. Methods Breast cancer incidence and mortality data were abstracted from the Shenyang Cancer Registry between 2008 and 2017. The crude and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated for each year. Average annual percentage changes (AAPC) were used to describe the change over time. Results A total of 14,255 out of 18,782,956 women were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2008 and 2017 in urban Shenyang. The overall crude and age-standardized incidences were 75.89 and 43.42 per 100,000, respectively. The crude incidence increased from 61.93 per 100,000 in 2008 to 90.07 per 100,000 in 2017, with an AAPC of 5.10%. The crude mortality increased from 11.41 per 100,000 in 2008 to 17.29 per 100,000 in 2017, with an AAPC of 4.60. The highest age-specific incidence occurs in the 55–59 year age group at a rate of 140.67 per 100,000. During the study period, 2,710 women died from breast cancer. The overall crude and age-standardized mortality rates were 14.43 and 7.43 per 100,000, respectively. The highest age-specific mortality occurs at 80–84 years old at a rate of 57.57 per 100,000. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates for female breast cancer in urban Shenyang from 2008 to 2013 were 85.61% and 77.39%, respectively, and both declined with age. Conclusion The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer in Shenyang increased over time. Screening and control strategies should be enhanced, especially for perimenopausal females.
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Zhang J, Wu G, Zhu H, Yang F, Yang S, Vuong AM, Li J, Zhu D, Sun Y, Tao W. Circulating Carnitine Levels and Breast Cancer: A Matched Retrospective Case-Control Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891619. [PMID: 35875107 PMCID: PMC9300951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epidemiological studies investigating the association between carnitine and breast cancer are scarce. Materials and Methods This 1:1 age-matched retrospective case-control study identified 991 female breast cancer cases and 991 female controls without breast cancer using pathological testing. We used targeted metabolomics technology to measure 16 types of whole blood carnitine compounds, such as free carnitine (C0) and octadecanoylcarnitine (C18). Results The average age for cases and controls was approximately 50 ± 8.7 years. After adjusting for covariates, each standard deviation (SD) increase in malonylcarnitine (C3DC; OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-1.00), decenoylcarnitine (C10:1; OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.79-0.96), and decadienoylcarnitine (C10:2; OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.82-0.99) level was associated with decreased odds of breast cancer. However, higher butyrylcarnitine (C4) levels were associated with increased odds of breast cancer (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02-1.23). No statistically significant relationship was noted between other carnitine compounds and breast cancer. The false discovery rates for C3DC, C4, C10:1 and C10:2 were 0.172, 0.120, 0.064 and 0.139, respectively. Conclusions Higher levels of C3DC, C10:1, and C10:2 were protective factors for breast cancer, whereas increased C4 levels were a risk factor for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hailong Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shuman Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ann M. Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Jincheng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Demiao Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Tao,
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Wang T, Yang L, Li C, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Sun F, Wang H, Ma F, Qian H. Comprehensive analysis reveals GRP94 is associated with worse prognosis of breast cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:298-309. [PMID: 35116261 PMCID: PMC8798085 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosed in women around the world. Glucose-related protein 94 (GRP94) is a molecular chaperone on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is associated with many malignancies, although its role in breast carcinogenesis has remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of GRP94 in BC and its relationship with BC clinicopathological features and prognosis based on a comprehensive analysis. METHODS The mutation and expression patterns of GRP94 in multiple cancers were elucidated from TCGA data. A GRP94 IS (immune score) was generated from breast tumors in Chinese women by multiplying the staining intensity and the percentage of positive cells. The relationship between GRP94 expression and clinicopathological parameters in TMA samples was identified by Spearman correlation analysis. We established a GRP94 co-expression interaction network from two databases (TCGA and STRING). Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were determined via the KM-plotter analysis platform. RESULTS GRP94 is mutated in most cancer types, and the average mutation frequency is 1.1%. GRP94 expression in BC was in the middle of the expression levels of the analyzed cancer types. The protein level of GRP94 was significantly higher in BC tissues than in normal breast tissues. A high level of GRP94 was positively associated with the levels of PR and AR and negatively associated with the level of EGFR but was not associated with age, pathological types, pathological grades, clinical stages or the levels of ER, HER2, P53, Ki67, or CK5/6. High expression of GRP94 predicted decreased OS and RFS in BC. The cluster analysis of the GRP94 gene coexpression network showed six dominant biological events, including ribosome biogenesis, amino acid activation, ER stress, protein folding and protein localization to the nucleus, cell cycle processes and ubiquitin-protein ligase activity involved in the mitotic cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that GRP94 could be a potential prognostic factor in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Imaging Diagnostic, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yantong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangzhou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Nong Q, Yu S, Hu H, Hu X. Knockdown of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Drug Resistance of Breast Cancer Cells. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9674761. [PMID: 34873418 PMCID: PMC8643235 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9674761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to investigate the effect of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 on breast cancer cells proliferation, migration, and drug resistance as well as its molecular mechanism. METHODS Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of breast cancer tissues and cells from patients admitted to our hospital and the expression of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 in MCF-7/ADR in adriamycin- (ADR-) resistant breast cancer cells. After interfering with or overexpressing lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 in MCF-7/ADR cells, cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were detected using CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, and scratch test, respectively. The protein levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. RESULTS lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cells and increased cell drug resistance to ADR. Downregulation of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 inhibited invasion and migration of MCF-7/ADR cells, promoted apoptosis, increased chemosensitivity of MCF-7/ADR cells, and inhibited the activity of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in MCF-7/ADR cells. CONCLUSIONS lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 can promote the proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance of breast cancer cells, inhibit apoptosis, and accelerate the development of breast cancer by positively regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Nong
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Shaokang Yu
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
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He R, Zhu B, Liu J, Zhang N, Zhang WH, Mao Y. Women's cancers in China: a spatio-temporal epidemiology analysis. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:116. [PMID: 33743648 PMCID: PMC7981806 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's cancers, represented by breast and gynecologic cancers, are emerging as a significant threat to women's health, while previous studies paid little attention to the spatial distribution of women's cancers. This study aims to conduct a spatio-temporal epidemiology analysis on breast, cervical and ovarian cancers in China, thus visualizing and comparing their epidemiologic trends and spatio-temporal changing patterns. METHODS Data on the incidence and mortality of women's cancers between January 2010 and December 2015 were obtained from the National Cancer Registry Annual Report. Linear tests and bar charts were used to visualize and compare the epidemiologic trends. Two complementary spatial statistics (Moran's I statistics and Kulldorff's space-time scan statistics) were adopted to identify the spatial-temporal clusters. RESULTS The results showed that the incidence and mortality of breast cancer displayed slow upward trends, while that of cervical cancer increase dramatically, and the mortality of ovarian cancer also showed a fast increasing trend. Significant differences were detected in incidence and mortality of breast, cervical and ovarian cancer across east, central and west China. The average incidence of breast cancer displayed a high-high cluster feature in part of north and east China, and the opposite traits occurred in southwest China. In the meantime, the average incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in central China revealed a high-high cluster feature, and that of ovarian cancer in northern China displayed a high-high cluster feature. Besides, the anomalous clusters were also detected based on the space-time scan statistics. CONCLUSION Regional differences were detected in the distribution of women's cancers in China. An effective response requires a package of coordinated actions that vary across localities regarding the spatio-temporal epidemics and local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin He
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Beilin District, Xi’an, 710049 China
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10 UZ, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyin West Road, Beilin District, Xi’an, 710072 China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Beilin District, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10 UZ, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ying Mao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Beilin District, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Research Center for the Belt and Road Health Policy and Health Technology Assessment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an, 710049 China
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Lin H, Shi L, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang C. Epidemiological characteristics and forecasting incidence for patients with breast cancer in Shantou, Southern China: 2006-2017. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2904-2913. [PMID: 33724693 PMCID: PMC8026945 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of breast cancer and establish an Exponential Smoothing (ETS) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models to predict the development of incidence in Shantou. This study has a large sample size, strong representativeness, and wide-ranging and comprehensive medical insurance information, which can fill the gaps in basic epidemiological research on breast cancer in Shantou. Successful completion of this study is a helpful tool to understand the epidemiology of Guangdong Province and Southern China. This study also provides data and scientific references for the government and future research on breast cancer prevention and control. This retrospective study was conducted to describe the epidemic intensity, epidemic distribution, and epidemic trend of breast cancer in Shantou, Guangdong Province, from 2006 to 2017, gathered from the Shantou's Medical Security Bureau covers the whole districts of Shantou. ETS and ARIMA models were used to describe the regional distribution, time distribution, and population distribution of breast cancer in Shantou. Moreover, based on the ARIMA model and ETS model, the incidence trend of breast cancer was predicted during 2018-2022. This study included 5,681 breast cancer patients, majority of whom were aged 50-59 years. The male-to-female ratio of the breast cancer patients was about 1:107 (the same ratio of the insured population was 1:1). Female patients accounted for 98.61% of the total insured population. The incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer were 16.42/100,000 and 0.66/100,000, respectively. Based on the ARIMA model or ARIMA and ETS model, a gradually decreasing trend in the incidence of breast cancer is expected in the future. Comparing the performances of the ARIMA model and ETS model, ARIMA (4, 0, 1) (0, 1, 0) model had a lower the root mean squared error and the mean absolute percentage error than ETS (M, N) model. This population-based retrospective study showed that the high-risk age for the age-specific incidence of female breast cancer was 50-55 years. It is recommended that healthcare administration should strengthen program awareness and education regarding breast cancer prevention and control. It is also possible that feasibility of extrapolating the current methodology to other future studies or broader populations in which the cancer registry data are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Lin
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Shantou Central Hospital/Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiachi Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchan Zhang
- Department of Medical Dispute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Chichen Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
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The relationship between breast density, age, and mammographic lesion type among Chinese breast cancer patients from a large clinical dataset. BMC Med Imaging 2021; 21:43. [PMID: 33685388 PMCID: PMC7938487 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between breast density, age, and mammographic lesion type among Chinese breast cancer patients included in a large clinical dataset. Methods A review of mammographic images acquired between July 2014 and June 2017 from a total of 9716 retrospectively registered breast cancer patients was conducted. Mammographic breast density was defined according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR BI-RADS) 4-class density rating. Mammographic lesion types were defined according to the ACR BI-RADS, including mass, mass with calcifications, calcifications, architectural distortion/asymmetries, and architectural distortion/asymmetries with calcifications. Three experienced breast radiologists interpreted all mammograms. The chi-square (χ2) test and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between breast density, age, and mammographic lesion type. Results A significant inverse relationship was observed between the BI-RADS breast density rating given by radiologists and patient age (r = − 0.521, p < 0.01). The breast density distribution in breast cancer patients from China reversed at the age of 55 years, and exhibited one age peak in the age 55–59 year group. The percentage of lesions with calcifications decreased with increasing age (p < 0.01), and increased with increasing breast density (p < 0.01). Conclusions In general, we identified a relationship between patient breast density, age, and mammographic lesion type. This finding may provide a basis for clinical diagnoses and support development of breast cancer screening programs in China.
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Liu X, Zheng D, Wu Y, Luo C, Fan Y, Zhong X, Zheng H. Treatment patterns and outcomes in older women with early breast cancer: a population-based cohort study in China. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:226. [PMID: 33673816 PMCID: PMC7934540 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the proportion of elderly breast cancer patients has been consistently increasing, the optimal treatment modalities for this population have not been well explored. We summarized the treatment outcomes of these patients in our hospital. METHODS Older patients with early breast cancer were identified from the Breast Cancer Information Management System at West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2000-2019). We compared tumor characteristics and treatment outcomes between the older group (65-74 years old) and the elderly group (≥75 years old). The Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were conducted to determine significant prognostic factors. RESULTS In total, 1094 patients were included. The median follow-up time for this cohort was 59 months. The majority of patients underwent surgery and benefited from surgical treatment. Elderly group patients were less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy or postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) compared to the older group. However, adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.521, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.284-0.955, P = 0.035). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with grade III disease best benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy. PMRT offered a significant improvement in local disease control, but not in OS. Furthermore, endocrine therapy improved the OS of HR-positive patients (HR 0.440, 95%CI 0.261-0.741, P = 0.002), especially for cases aged 65-74 years. Also, receipt of trastuzumab in HER2-positive patients was associated with better OS (HR 0.168, 95%CI 0.029-0.958, P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, endocrine and targeted therapy are associated with improved OS in older breast cancer patients. Moreover, clinicopathological characteristics should be comprehensively considered when making treatment decisions for these patients.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Breast/pathology
- Breast/surgery
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/statistics & numerical data
- China/epidemiology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Mastectomy/statistics & numerical data
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Neoplasm Staging
- Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data
- Prognosis
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/statistics & numerical data
- Trastuzumab/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqi Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanxu Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Head, Neck and Mammary Gland Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hong Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Head, Neck and Mammary Gland Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zhang N, Wang J, Sheng A, Huang S, Tang Y, Ma S, Hong G. Emodin Inhibits the Proliferation of MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells Through Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:622046. [PMID: 33542691 PMCID: PMC7850984 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.622046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have proved to be a promising source for the development of potential anticancer drugs. Emodin, a natural compound from Rheum palmatum, is used to treat several types of cancers, including lung, liver, and pancreatic. However, there are few reports regarding its use in the treatment of breast cancer. Thus, the therapeutic effect and mechanism of emodin on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were investigated in this study. Morphological observations and cell viability were evaluated to determine the anti-proliferation activity of emodin. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were performed to screen the potential targets. Western blot analysis was used to explore a potential antitumor mechanism. The results showed that emodin (50–100 μmol/L) could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, virtual screening studies indicated that emodin was a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist in chemotherapy for breast cancer. Finally, when MCF-7 cells were treated with emodin (100 μmol/L) for 24 h, the AhR and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) protein expression levels were significantly upregulated compared with the control group. Our study indicated that emodin exhibited promising antitumor activity in MCF-7 cells, likely through activation of the AhR-CYP1A1 signaling pathway. These findings lay a foundation for the application of emodin in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Life and Health College, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Sheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Clinical College of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Clinical College of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shitang Ma
- Life and Health College, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Ge Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Zhang J, Tao B, Chong Y, Ma S, Wu G, Zhu H, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Niu M, Zhang S, Wang T, Yang S, Qiao W, Vuong AM, Li J, Zhu D, Tao W. Ornithine and breast cancer: a matched case-control study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15502. [PMID: 32968187 PMCID: PMC7511971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo and vitro evidence indicates that ornithine and its related metabolic products play a role in tumor development. Whether ornithine is associated with breast cancer in humans is still unclear. We examined the association between circulating ornithine levels and breast cancer in females. This 1:1 age-matched case–control study identified 735 female breast cancer cases and 735 female controls without breast cancer. All cases had a pathological test to ascertain a breast cancer diagnosis. The controls were ascertained using pathologic testing, clinical examinations, and/or other tests. Fasting blood samples were used to measure ornithine levels. The average age for cases and controls were 49.6 years (standard deviation [SD] 8.7 years) and 48.9 years (SD 8.7 years), respectively. Each SD increase in ornithine levels was associated with a 12% reduction of breast cancer risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–0.97). The association between ornithine and breast cancer did not differ by pathological stages of diagnosis or tumor grades (all P for trend > 0.1). We observed no effect measure modification by molecular subtypes (P for interaction = 0.889). In conclusion, higher ornithine levels were associated with lower breast cancer risk in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Baihui Tao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 5-2 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiran Chong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 5-2 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 5-2 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 5-2 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Hailong Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 5-2 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 5-2 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Shitao Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 5-2 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengmeng Niu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 5-2 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- General Surgery/Liver and Pancreas Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- General Surgery/Liver and Pancreas Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuman Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjing Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Jincheng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 5-2 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Demiao Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 5-2 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, 5-2 Renmin Street, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
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11
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Chen Y, Cai H, Chen W, Guan Q, He J, Guo Z, Li J. A Qualitative Transcriptional Signature for Predicting Extreme Resistance of ER-Negative Breast Cancer to Paclitaxel, Doxorubicin, and Cyclophosphamide Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:34. [PMID: 32269999 PMCID: PMC7109260 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer patients, paclitaxel (P), doxorubicin (A) and cyclophosphamide (C) neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard therapeutic regimen. Pathologic complete response (pCR) and residual disease (RD) are common surrogate measures of chemosensitivity. After NAC, most patients still have RD; of these, some partially respond to NAC, whereas others show extreme resistance and cannot benefit from NAC but only suffer complications resulting from drug toxicity. Here we developed a qualitative transcriptional signature, based on the within-sample relative expression ordering (REO) of gene pairs, to identify extremely resistant samples to PAC NAC. Using gene expression data for ER-negative breast cancer patients including 113 pCR samples and 137 RD samples from four datasets, we selected 61 gene pairs with reversal REO patterns between the two groups as the resistance signature, denoted as NR61. Samples with more than 37 signature gene pairs that had the same REO patterns within the extremely resistant group were defined as having extreme resistance; otherwise, they were considered responders. In the GSE25055 and GSE25065 dataset, the NR61 signature could correctly identify 44 (97.8%) of the 45 pCR samples and 22 (95.7%) of the 23 pCR samples as responder samples, respectively; it also identified 13 (16.9%) of 77 RD samples and 8 (21.1%) of 38 RD samples as extremely resistant samples, respectively. Survival analysis showed that the distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) time of the 14 extremely resistant cases was significantly shorter than that of the 108 responders (P < 0.01; HR = 3.84; 95% CI = 1.91–7.70) in GSE25055. Similar results were obtained in GSE25065. Moreover, in the integrated data of the two datasets with 94 responders and 21 extremely resistant samples identified from RD patients, the former had significantly longer DRFS than the latter (P < 0.01; HR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.26–3.90). In summary, our signature could effectively identify patients who completely respond to PAC NAC, as well as cases of extreme resistance, which can assist decision-making on the clinical therapy for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Department of Bioinformatics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Medical Big Data and Bioinformatics Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wannan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingzhou Guan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Sciences of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Department of Bioinformatics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Department of Bioinformatics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Department of Bioinformatics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Huang Y, Tong Z, Chen K, Wang Y, Liu P, Gu L, Liu J, Yu J, Song F, Zhao W, Shi Y, Li H, Xiao H, Hao X. Interpretation of breast cancer screening guideline for Chinese women. Cancer Biol Med 2019; 16:825-835. [PMID: 31908899 PMCID: PMC6936244 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Chinese women. Early screening is the best way to improve the rates of early diagnosis and survival of breast cancer patients. The peak onset age for breast cancer in Chinese women is considerably younger than those in European and American women. It is imperative to develop breast cancer screening guideline that is suitable for Chinese women. By summarizing the current evidence on breast cancer screening in Chinese women, and referring to the latest guidelines and consensus on breast cancer screening in Europe, the United States, and East Asia, the China Anti-Cancer Association and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer (Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital) have formulated population-based guideline for breast cancer screening in Chinese women. The guideline provides recommendations on breast cancer screening for Chinese women at average or high risk of breast cancer according to the following three aspects: age of screening, screening methods, and screening interval. This article provides more detailed information to support the recommendations in this guideline and to provide more direction for current breast cancer screening practices in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics
- China Anti-Cancer Association, Tianjin 300060, China
| | | | - Lin Gu
- The 2 Surgery Department of Breast Oncology
| | | | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core
| | | | - Wenhua Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics
- China Anti-Cancer Association, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yehui Shi
- Medicine Department of Breast Oncology
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology
| | - Huaiyuan Xiao
- Department of Research and Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xishan Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics
- China Anti-Cancer Association, Tianjin 300060, China
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13
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Xie M, Liu J, Tsao R, Wang Z, Sun B, Wang J. Whole Grain Consumption for the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1769. [PMID: 31374888 PMCID: PMC6723813 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common and malignant cancers among females worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have indicated the inverse correlation between the intake of whole grains and the incidence of breast cancer. Whole grains are the most fundamental and important food source of bioactive phytochemicals, which have well-defined roles in the management of each stage of breast carcinogenesis. To better understand the value of whole grains in future prevention and treatment of breast cancer, the effects and possible mechanisms of six different whole grain cereals, which are the most commonly consumed throughout the world, are introduced in the current review. Moreover, the bioactive compounds extracted from whole grains are adequately formulated and the underlying mechanism of action is illustrated. In addition, the present limitations and future perspective of whole grain consumption for breast cancer are also concluded. The objective of this review is to promote the development of nutraceutical and functional food from whole grains and its application for reducing the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology; School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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14
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Gu X, Zheng R, Xia C, Zeng H, Zhang S, Zou X, Yang Z, Li H, Chen W. Interactions between life expectancy and the incidence and mortality rates of cancer in China: a population-based cluster analysis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:44. [PMID: 29970165 PMCID: PMC6029078 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between cancer and life expectancy is well established in both developed and developing countries. China is a vast country with significant geographical differences in population structure and healthcare, and thus provides a unique opportunity to analyze the complex relationship between life expectancy and cancer incidence and mortality rates. METHODS Cancer data were extracted for a total of 255 units (cities or counties) from the 2013 National Central Cancer Registry. Life expectancy data at the unit level were obtained from the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between life expectancy and crude incidence and mortality rates of cancer. In a separate analysis, life expectancy was rated as low (< 76.0 years), middle (76-80 years), or high (> 80 years). RESULTS Overall, the cancer incidence and mortality rates positively correlated with life expectancy in both sexes (R at 0.37 and 0.50, P < 0.001). The correlation was significant for the following cancers: lung, colorectal, prostate, bladder and pancreas, as well as for lymphoma in men (R 0.36-0.58, P < 0.001), lung, breast, colorectal, thyroid, uterus, and ovary in women (R 0.18-0.51, P < 0.001). We failed to observe an association between upper gastrointestinal cancer and life expectancy. The number of cities/counties with low, middle and high life expectancy levels were 110, 101 and 44, respectively. The highest age-standardized cancer incidence rate was observed in areas with a high life expectancy level (192.83/100,000). The highest age-standardized mortality rate was in areas with the lowest life expectancy (118.44/100,000). Cancers of the stomach, liver and esophagus are major cancer types in areas with low and middle life expectancy. In contrast, areas with high life expectancy had high incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer, breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. CONCLUSIONS Longer life expectancy is associated with higher overall cancer incidence and mortality in China. The cancer pattern also varies substantially across areas with different life expectancy levels. Life expectancy levels must be considered when developing strategies to prevent and treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Gu
- Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011 P. R. China
| | - Rongshou Zheng
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 P. R. China
| | - Changfa Xia
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 P. R. China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 P. R. China
| | - Xiaonong Zou
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 P. R. China
| | - Zhixun Yang
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 P. R. China
| | - He Li
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Chen
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 P. R. China
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15
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Guo X, Li J, Zhang H, Liu H, Liu Z, Wei X. Relationship Between ADAMTS8, ADAMTS18, and ADAMTS20 (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs) Expressions and Tumor Molecular Classification, Clinical Pathological Parameters, and Prognosis in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3726-3735. [PMID: 29860265 PMCID: PMC6014152 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between ADAMTSs expression and breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and to offer a theoretical basis for novel treatment methods for IDC patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Non-proliferative catheter of breast fibroadenoma (FA) and IDC were used as the normal control and experimental group, respectively. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot (WB) analysis was used to assess protein expression levels of ADAMTS8, ADAMTS18, and ADAMTS20 in both FA and IDC tissues. The results of IHC, the relationship between the protein expression and the tumor molecular classification, and clinical pathological parameters were all evaluated. RESULTS IHC and WB results showed that the expression of ADAMTS8/18 in IDC samples was higher than in FA samples, while the expression of ADAMTS20 in IDC samples was lower than that in FA samples. According to the results of WB, the level of ADAMTS8 was higher in the HER2+ group than in the HER2- group and FA group. The expression of ADAMTS18 in the HR+ (including ER+ and PR+) group was significantly higher than in the HR- group and FA group. The expression of ADAMTS18 protein was also higher in the Ki67+ group than in the Ki67- group. ADAMTS20 was higher in HER2+ IDC compared with the basal subtype of IDC. CONCLUSIONS ADAMTS8/18/20 levels were not significantly correlated to the molecular subtype of IDC. ADAMTS18/20 was significantly associated with histological grade of IDC. ADAMTS8 may predict poor prognosis results of IDC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Juntao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Xudong Wei
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
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16
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Dosimetric factors and Lyman normal-tissue complication modelling analysis for predicting radiation-induced lung injury in postoperative breast cancer radiotherapy: a prospective study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33855-33863. [PMID: 27806340 PMCID: PMC5464917 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between dosimetric factors, including Lyman normal-tissue complication (NTCP) parameters and radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), in postoperative breast cancer patients treated by intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). 109 breast cancer patients who received IMRT between January 2012 and December 2013 were prospectively enrolled. A maximum likelihood analysis yielded the best estimates for Lyman NTCP parameters. Ten patients were diagnosed with RILI (primarily Grade 1 or Grade 2 RILI); the rate of RILI was 9.17% (10/109). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ipsilateral lung V20 was an independent predictor (P=0.001) of RILI. Setting V20=29.03% as the cut-off value, the prediction of RILI achieved high accuracy (94.5%), with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 96%. The NTCP model parameters for 109 patients were m=0.437, n=0.912, and TD50(1)=17.211 Gy. The sensitivity of the modified Lyman NTCP model to predict the RILI was 90% (9/10), the specificity was 69.7% (69/99), and the accuracy was 71.6% (78/109). The RILI rate of the NTCP<9.62% in breast cancer patients was 1.43% (1/70), but the RILI rate of the NTCP>9.62% in patients with breast cancer was 23.08% (9/39), (P=0.001). In conclusion, V20 is an independent predictive factor for RILI in patients with breast cancer treated by IMRT; V20=29.03% could be a useful dosimetric parameter to predict the risk of RILI. The Lyman NTCP model parameters of the new value (m=0.437, n=0.912, TD50 (1) =17.211 Gy) can be used as an effective biological index to evaluate the risk of RILI.
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17
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Sheng Y, Wang T, Li H, Zhang Z, Chen J, He C, Li Y, Lv Y, Zhang J, Xu C, Wang Z, Huang C, Wang L. Comparison of analytic performances of Cellsearch and iFISH approach in detecting circulating tumor cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8801-8806. [PMID: 28187533 PMCID: PMC5352443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been widely used to predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to compare the performances of Cellsearch and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) in detecting CTCs in breast cancer patients. Forty-five newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and 14 healthy donors were recruited and their CTCs were detected by both Cellsearch and iFISH. Correlation between clinicopathological features and CTCs was investigated. We found that the positive rate of CTC detected by iFISH was significantly higher than by Cellsearch system (91% vs 38%). The CTC count, detected either by iFISH or Cellsearch, was not significantly associated with clinical pictures of patients with breast cancer. Therefore, we concluded that, compared to conventional Cellsearch CTC detection, in situ karyotypic identification performed by iFISH had higher detection rate. Therefore, iFISH may be more clinically useful than Cellsearch system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hengyu Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghao Chen
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenyang He
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongping Li
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juliang Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Biotecan Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Zhangjiang Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai,China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endocrine Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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HER2 reduces breast cancer radiosensitivity by activating focal adhesion kinase in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45186-45198. [PMID: 27286256 PMCID: PMC5216715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is involved in the radiation response to breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated if HER2 overexpression is associated with radiosensitivity of breast cancer. We constructed breast cancer cell lines differing in HER2 expression by transducing HER2 cDNA or short hairpin RNA against HER2. We then assessed the radiosensitivity and investigated the potential mechanism by using cell proliferation assay, cell adhesion assays, anoikis assays, colony formation assays, and western blotting analyses. We found that HER2 introduction in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (low HER2 expression) and MDA-MB-231 (HER2 is not expressed) promoted cell proliferation and invasion and enhanced cell adhesion and resistance to anoikis. Moreover, HER2 reduced radiosensitivity in these two cells compared with the corresponding control. The opposite results were observed when HER2 was silenced in breast cancer cell lines ZR-7530 and SK-BR-3 (both cells with high expression of HER2) using HER2 shRNA. In addition, animal experiment results showed HER2 could enhance the radioresistance of xenograft tumors. Further studies showed HER2 promoted the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (Fak) and thereby up-regulated the expression of proteins associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition such as Claudin-1, ZO-1, and ZEB-1. The inhibition of Fak activity using the Fak inhibitor (PF-562281) restored the radiosensitivity in HER2-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, HER2 reduces the radiosensitivity of breast cancer by activating Fak in vitro and in vivo. Fak might be a potential target for the radiosensitization of HER2-overexpressed breast cancer.
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Wen D, Wen X, Yang Y, Chen Y, Wei L, He Y, Shan B. Urban rural disparity in female breast cancer incidence rate in China and the increasing trend in parallel with socioeconomic development and urbanization in a rural setting. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:262-272. [PMID: 29280294 PMCID: PMC5792727 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide breast cancer incidence correlates with socioeconomic status and increases in parallel with westernization, however urban-rural disparity and trends have not been adequately investigated in China. METHODS The age standardized rate (ASR) of female breast cancer by population-based cancer registration was compared between urban Shijiazhuang city and rural Shexian County in relation to socioeconomic status. The increasing trend of breast cancer in Shexian County from 2000-2015 was examined using Joinpoint analysis and the correlation with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was analyzed. RESULTS In 2012, the ASR of female breast cancer in Shijiazhuang was more than three times higher than in Shexian County (45.5/1 00 000 vs.13.8/1 00 000; P < 0.01) when the GDP per capita was 2.6 times higher (US$6964.80 vs. US$2700). In parallel with rapid socioeconomic development and urbanization, the biennial ASR of female breast cancer in Shexian county has increased significantly from 2.8/1 00 000 in 2000-2001 to 17.3/1 00 000 in 2014-2015, with an average biennial percent change of +10.2% (P < 0.01). The Pearson correlation between ASR and GDP was significantly positive (r = 0.94, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The incidence of breast cancer in women in China is increasing along with lifestyle westernization and changing reproductive patterns associated with socioeconomic development and urbanization. Urgent prevention measures, including the development of a healthy diet, giving birth at a younger age, an increase in breastfeeding, limiting menopause estrogen therapy, and control of alcohol consumption, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denggui Wen
- Cancer CenterFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Xiaoduo Wen
- Cancer CenterFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medical ImagingFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yuetong Chen
- Cancer CenterFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Lizhen Wei
- Cancer CenterFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yutong He
- Cancer CenterFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Baoen Shan
- Cancer CenterFourth Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
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20
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Xu B, Hu X, Zheng H, Wang X, Zhang Q, Cui S, Liu D, Liao N, Luo R, Sun Q, Yu S. Outcomes of re-treatment with first-line trastuzumab plus a taxane in HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer patients after (neo)adjuvant trastuzumab: A prospective multicenter study. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50643-50655. [PMID: 27276706 PMCID: PMC5226610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab is the backbone of HER2-positive early breast cancer (eBC) and metastatic breast cancer (mBC) treatment, but limited data exist as to re-treatment in relapsed patients. In this prospective, single arm, multicenter trial, we assessed efficacy and safety of trastuzumab and taxane combination in Chinese patients with HER2-positive mBC relapsed after prior (neo)adjuvant trastuzumab. Patients with previous (neo)adjuvant trastuzumab treatment for≥9 weeks and a relapse-free interval ≥6 months were assigned to trastuzumab treatment with paclitaxel or docetaxel. The primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), duration of response (DOR), time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS) and safety profile. Thirty-two patients were enrolled and treated for a median duration of 33.5 weeks. The median PFS was 9.9 months (95% CI, 6.28 - 13.63 months). The ORR was 81.3% (95% CI, 63.6% - 92.8%) and CBR (CR+PR+SD≥6months) was 81.3% (95% CI, 63.6% - 92.8%). The median DOR was 9.8 months (95% CI, 5.82 - 11.60 months) and median TTP was 9.9 months (95% CI, 6.28-13.63 months). OS median follow-up time was 20.1 months and 25% OS time was 25.5 months. The safety profile was acceptable with common adverse events including leukopenia (59.4%), neutropenia (56.3%), hypoaesthesia (34.4%) and granulocytopenia (31.3%). In conclusion, re-treatment with trastuzumab plus a taxane as first-line therapy is an effective regimen for patients with HER2-positive mBC relapsed after (neo)adjuvant trastuzumab. The safety profile was good and the adverse reactions were tolerable and manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, State Key Laboratory of the Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital , Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medical Oncology in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shude Cui
- Breast Disease Center, Henan Cancer Hospital & Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Donggeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiying Yu
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Lu S, Qian Y, Huang X, Yu H, Yang J, Han R, Su J, Du W, Zhou J, Dong M, Yu X, van Duijnhoven FJB, Kampman E, Wu M. The association of dietary pattern and breast cancer in Jiangsu, China: A population-based case-control study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184453. [PMID: 28898273 PMCID: PMC5595317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the association of breast cancer with dietary patterns among Chinese women. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Jiangsu, China. Newly diagnosed primary breast cancer patients were recruited as cases (n = 818). Controls (n = 935), selected from the general population, were frequency matched to cases. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis and multivariable odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Four dietary patterns were identified: salty, vegetarian, sweet and traditional Chinese. The traditional Chinese pattern was found to be robustly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer among both pre- and post-menopausal women (4thvs. 1st quartile: OR for pre- and post-menopausal women was 0.47 and 0.68, respectively). Women with high factor scores of the sweet pattern also showed a decreased risk of breast cancer (4thvs. 1st quartile: OR for pre- and post-menopausal women was 0.47 and 0.68, respectively). No marked association was observed between a vegetarian pattern or a salty pattern and breast cancer. These findings indicate that dietary patterns of the traditional Chinese and the sweet may favorably associate with the risk of breast cancer among Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Chronic Disease Control, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyu Huang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renqiang Han
- Department of Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Su
- Department of Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wencong Du
- Department of Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Department of Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meihua Dong
- Department of Chronic Disease Control, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojin Yu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (MW); (EK)
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (MW); (EK)
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22
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Chen X, Ma N, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Hu Q, Luo J, Mei X, Yang Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Feng Y, Yu X, Ma J, Guo X. Estrogen Receptor Mediates the Radiosensitivity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2674-2683. [PMID: 28570501 PMCID: PMC5466376 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate differences in the radiosensitivities of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and luminal-type breast cancer cells and to investigate the effects of estrogen receptor (ER) expression on the biological behaviors of the cells. Material/Methods Colony-forming assays were performed to detect differences in radiosensitivities in breast cancer cell lines. Gene transfection technology was used to introduce the expression of ERα in TNBC cells to compare the difference in radiosensitivity between the TNBC cells and ERα transfected cells. CCK-8 assays were used to observe changes in the proliferation of TNBC cells after ERα transfection. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the number of γH2AX foci in nuclei. Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Western blotting was used to detect changes in autophagy-associated proteins. Results The radioresistance of the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 (231 cells) was greater than that of ERα-positive luminal-type breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Moreover, 231 cell proliferation and radioresistance decreased after ERα transfection. Interestingly, ERα-transfected 231 cells showed increased double-stranded breaks and delayed repair compared with 231 cells, and ERα-transfected 231 cells showed increased G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis after irradiation compared with those in 231 cells. ERα transfection in 231 cells reduced autophagy-related protein expression, suggesting that autophagy activity decreased in 231 ER-positive cells after irradiation. Conclusions TNBC cells were more resistant to radiation than luminal-type breast cancer cells. ERα expression may have major roles in modulating breast cancer cell radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ningyi Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zhirui Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Cancer Institutions, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Qunchao Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jurui Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Mei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaozhi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jinli Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaomao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University,, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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23
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Zuo TT, Zheng RS, Zeng HM, Zhang SW, Chen WQ. Female breast cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2013. Thorac Cancer 2017; 8:214-218. [PMID: 28296260 PMCID: PMC5415464 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Population‐based cancer registration data from the National Central Cancer Registry were used to analyze and evaluate the incidence and mortality rates in China in 2013, providing scientific information for cancer prevention and control. Methods Pooled data were stratified by area (urban/rural), gender, and age group. National new cases and deaths were estimated using age‐specific rates and the corresponding population in 2013. The Chinese population in 2000 and Segi's world population were used to calculate age‐standardized rates. Results The estimated number of new breast cancer cases was about 278 800 in China in 2013. The crude incidence, age‐standardized rate of incidence by Chinese standard population, and age‐standardized rate of incidence by world standard population were 42.02/100 000, 30.41/100 000, and 28.42/100 000, respectively. The estimated number of breast cancer deaths was about 64 600 in China in 2013. The crude mortality, age‐standardized rate of mortality by Chinese standard population, and age‐standardized rate of mortality by world standard population were 9.74/100 000, 6.54/100 000, and 6.34/100 000, respectively. Both incidence and mortality were higher in urban than in rural areas. Age‐specific breast cancer incidence significantly increased with age, particularly after age 20, and peaked at 50–55 years, while age‐specific mortality increased rapidly after 25 years, peaking at 85+ years. Conclusions Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Chinese women, especially women in urban areas. Comprehensive measures are needed to reduce the heavy burden of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zuo
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Shou Zheng
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zeng
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Wei Zhang
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Qing Chen
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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24
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Zhou ZR, Wang CC, Sun XJ, Yang ZZ, Yu XL, Guo XM. Diagnostic performance of core needle biopsy in identifying breast phyllodes tumors. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:3139-3151. [PMID: 28066593 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A retrospective analysis of diagnoses was performed in patients with phyllodes tumors of the breast (PTB) who received preoperative core needle biopsy (CNB) and had breast surgery at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 1, 2002 to April 1, 2013. The resulting data allowed us to compare the accordance between CNB and excision diagnoses of PTB patients and evaluate the accuracy of CNB in preoperative diagnosis. METHODS Data from 128 patients with PTB who had undergone preoperative CNB and breast surgery were retrospectively analyzed. We reviewed the medical history, clinical follow-up data, and CNB diagnostic data. A diagnostic test was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of CNB in diagnosing benign, borderline, and malignant phyllodes tumors. RESULTS The accuracy of CNB for diagnosing PTB was 13.3% (17/128). Of the remaining patients, 98 (75.5% of the PTB patients) were diagnosed with fibroadenoma or fibroepithelial lesions. The sensitivity of CNB at diagnosing benign, borderline, and malignant phyllodes tumors were 4.9% (2/41), 4.2% (3/71), and 25.0% (4/16), respectively, whereas the corresponding specificity were 92.0%, 98.2%, and 100%, respectively. Some clinical features, such as large tumor size, rapid growth, or surgical history of fibroadenomas, were indicative of an increased possibility of PTB. CONCLUSIONS CNB provides a pathological basis for the preoperative diagnosis of PTB, but it has a poor accuracy and offers limited guidance for surgical decisions. Considering CNB along with multiple histologic features may improve the ability to accurately diagnose PTB. An integrated assessment using CNBs in combination with clinical data and imaging features is suggested as a reliable strategy to assist PTB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Rui Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen-Chen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang-Jie Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;; Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao-Zhi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Mao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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25
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Zhou ZR, Wang CC, Yang ZZ, Yu XL, Guo XM. Phyllodes tumors of the breast: diagnosis, treatment and prognostic factors related to recurrence. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:3361-3368. [PMID: 28066617 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phyllodes tumors of the breast are rare tumor types that consist of 0.3-1.0% in all breast tumors. The naming and classification of breast phyllodes tumor have been debated for years. Based on the classification criteria modified by WHO in 2003, this review mainly introduced the clinicopathologic characteristics, pre-operational diagnosis and the treatment of breast phyllodes tumors, and also summarized the prognostic factors related to tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Rui Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen-Chen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao-Zhi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Mao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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26
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Li T, Mello-Thoms C, Brennan PC. Descriptive epidemiology of breast cancer in China: incidence, mortality, survival and prevalence. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 159:395-406. [PMID: 27562585 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm diagnosed amongst women worldwide and is the leading cause of female cancer death. However, breast cancer in China is not comprehensively understood compared with Westernised countries, although the 5-year prevalence statistics indicate that approximately 11 % of worldwide breast cancer occurs in China and that the incidence has increased rapidly in recent decades. This paper reviews the descriptive epidemiology of Chinese breast cancer in terms of incidence, mortality, survival and prevalence, and explores relevant factors such as age of manifestation and geographic locations. The statistics are compared with data from the Westernised world with particular emphasis on the United States and Australia. Potential causal agents responsible for differences in breast cancer epidemiology between Chinese and other populations are also explored. The need to minimise variability and discrepancies in methods of data acquisition, analysis and presentation is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Medical Image Optimisation and Perception Group (MIOPeG), Department of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW, 2141, Australia.
| | - Claudia Mello-Thoms
- Medical Image Optimisation and Perception Group (MIOPeG), Department of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW, 2141, Australia
| | - Patrick C Brennan
- Medical Image Optimisation and Perception Group (MIOPeG), Department of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW, 2141, Australia
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27
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Retrospective and comparative analysis of (99m)Tc-Sestamibi breast specific gamma imaging versus mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of breast cancer in Chinese women. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:450. [PMID: 27401536 PMCID: PMC4940883 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosing breast cancer during the early stage may be helpful for decreasing cancer-related mortality. In Western developed countries, mammographies have been the gold standard for breast cancer detection. However, Chinese women usually have denser and smaller-sized breasts compared to Caucasian women, which decreases the diagnostic accuracy of mammography. However, breast specific gamma imaging, a type of molecular functional breast imaging, has been used for the accurate diagnosis of breast cancer and is not influenced by breast density. Our objective was to analyze the breast specific gamma imaging (BSGI) diagnostic value for Chinese women. Methods During a 2-year period, 357 women were diagnosed and treated at our oncology department and received BSGI in addition to mammography (MMG), ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnostic assessment. We investigated the sensitivity and specificity of each method of detection and compared the biological profiles of the four imaging methods. Results A total of 357 women received a final surgical pathology diagnosis, with 168 malignant diseases (58.5 %) and 119 benign diseases (41.5 %). Of these, 166 underwent the four imaging tests preoperatively. The sensitivity of BSGI was 80.35 and 82.14 % by US, 75.6 % by MMG, and 94.06 % by MRI. Furthermore, the breast cancer diagnosis specificity of BSGI was high (83.19 % vs. 77.31 % vs. 66.39 % vs. 67.69 %, respectively). The BSGI diagnostic sensitivity for mammographic breast density in women was superior to mammography and more sensitive for non-luminal A subtypes (luminal A vs. non-luminal A, 68.63 % vs. 88.30 %). Conclusions BSGI may help improve the ability to diagnose early stage breast cancer for Chinese women, particularly for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), mammographic breast density and non-luminal A breast cancer.
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28
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Yue L, Zhang Q, He L, Zhang M, Dong J, Zhao D, Ma H, Pan H, Zheng L. Genetic predisposition of six well-defined polymorphisms in HMGB1/RAGE pathway to breast cancer in a large Han Chinese population. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1966-73. [PMID: 27241711 PMCID: PMC5020633 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer constitutes an enormous burden in China. A strong familial clustering of breast cancer suggests a genetic component in its carcinogenesis. To examine the genetic predisposition of high mobility group box‐1/receptor for advanced glycation end products (HMGB1/RAGE) pathway to breast cancer, we genotyped six well‐defined polymorphisms in this pathway among 524 breast cancer patients and 518 cancer‐free controls from Heilongjiang province, China. There were no deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for all polymorphisms. In single‐locus analysis, the frequency of rs1800624 polymorphism mutant A allele in RAGE gene was significantly higher in patients than in controls (24.52% versus 19.50%, P = 0.006), with the carriers of rs1800624‐A allele being 1.51 times more likely to develop breast cancer relative to those with rs1800624‐GG genotype after adjustment (95% confidence interval or CI: 1.17–1.94, P = 0.001). In HMGB1 gene, haplotype analysis did not reveal any significance, while in RAGE gene, haplotypes C‐T‐A and C‐A‐G (alleles in order of rs1800625, rs18006024, rs2070600) were significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (adjusted OR = 2.72 and 10.35; 95% CI: 1.20–6.18 and 1.58–67.80; P = 0.017 and 0.015 respectively). In further genetic score analysis, per unit and quartile increments of unfavourable alleles were significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer after adjustment (odds ratio or OR = 1.20 and 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09–1.32 and 1.12–1.42; P < 0.001 and <0.001 respectively). Our findings altogether demonstrate a significant association between RAGE gene rs1800624 polymorphism and breast cancer risk, and more importantly a cumulative impact of multiple risk associated polymorphisms in HMGB1/RAGE pathway on breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Yue
- Department of Biogenetics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qibing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lan He
- Department of Mathematics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Minglong Zhang
- Department of Biogenetics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Biogenetics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dalong Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Qiqihar Jianhua Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongxing Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lihong Zheng
- Department of Biogenetics, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
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Tao S, Liu YB, Zhou ZW, Lian B, Li H, Li JP, Zhou SF. miR-3646 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via regulating G2/M transition in human breast cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1659-1677. [PMID: 27186291 PMCID: PMC4859896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are often located in genomic breakpoint regions and play a critical role in regulating a variety of the cellular processes in human cancer. miR-3646 has been reported to take part in tumorigenic progression in breast and bladder cancer, but its potential functions and exact mechanistic roles in breast cancer are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of miR-3646 in breast cancer growth and metastasis using both bioinformatic and experimental approaches. Before starting the bench work, we conducted a bioinformatic study to predict the target genes regulated by miR-3646 using a panel of different algorithms. The results showed that miR-3646 might regulate a large number of genes that are related to cell growth, proliferation, metabolis, transport, and apoptosis and some were cancer-related genes. We found that the expression level of miR-3646 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer cells and tissues compared with normal breast cells and no tumor tissues. Subsequently, the MTT and colony formation assay results showed that up-regulation of miR-3646 promoted the cell viability and proliferation. Our results also showed that down-regulation of miR-3646 arrested the cells in G2/M phase in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells which was accompanied by the down-regulation of CDK1/CDC2 and cyclin B1 and upregulation of p21Waf1/Cip1, p27 Kip1, and p53, suggesting that down-regulation of miR-3646 induces G2/M arrest through activation of the p53/p21/CDC2/cyclin B1 pathway. In addition, overexpression of miR-3646 promoted migration and invasion of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, miR-3646 is a potential oncogene in breast cancer and it may represent a new niomarker in the diagnosis and prediction of prognosis and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tao
- Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yao-Bang Liu
- Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences CenterAmarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Bin Lian
- Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Hong Li
- Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South FloridaTampa, Florida, USA
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Li SJ, Chen DL, Zhang WB, Shen C, Che GW. Prognostic value of stromal decorin expression in patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:1939-50. [PMID: 26716032 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numbers of studies have investigated the biological functions of decorin (DCN) in oncogenesis, tumor progression, angiogenesis and metastasis. Although many of them aim to highlight the prognostic value of stromal DCN expression in breast cancer, some controversial results still exist and a consensus has not been reached until now. Therefore, our meta-analysis aims to determine the prognostic significance of stromal DCN expression in breast cancer patients. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched for full-text literatures met out inclusion criteria. We applied the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) as the appropriate summarized statistics. Q-test and I(2) statistic were employed to estimate the level of heterogeneity across the included studies. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to further identify the possible origins of heterogeneity. The publication bias was detected by Begg's test and Egger's test. RESULTS There were three English literatures (involving 6 studies) included into our meta-analysis. On the one hand, both the summarized outcomes based on univariate analysis (HR: 0.513; 95% CI: 0.406-0.648; P<0.001) and multivariate analysis (HR: 0.544; 95% CI: 0.388-0.763; P<0.001) indicated that stromal DCN expression could promise the high cancer-specific survival (CSS) of breast cancer patients. On the other hand, both the summarized outcomes based on univariate analysis (HR: 0.504; 95% CI: 0.389-0.651; P<0.001) and multivariate analysis (HR: 0.568; 95% CI: 0.400-0.806; P=0.002) also indicated that stromal DCN expression was positively associated with high disease-free survival (DFS) of breast cancer patients. No significant heterogeneity or publication bias was observed within this meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The present evidences indicate that high stromal DCN expression can significantly predict the good prognosis in patients with breast cancer. The discoveries from our meta-analysis have better be confirmed in the updated review pooling more relevant investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Jiang Li
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2 Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Da-Li Chen
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2 Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen-Biao Zhang
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2 Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2 Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guo-Wei Che
- 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2 Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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