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Bround MJ, Havens JR, York AJ, Sargent MA, Karch J, Molkentin JD. ANT-dependent MPTP underlies necrotic myofiber death in muscular dystrophy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2767. [PMID: 37624892 PMCID: PMC10456852 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) formation contributes to ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart and several degenerative diseases, including muscular dystrophy (MD). MD is a family of genetic disorders characterized by progressive muscle necrosis and premature death. It has been proposed that the MPTP has two molecular components, the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) family of proteins and an unknown component that requires the chaperone cyclophilin D (CypD) to activate. This model was examined in vivo by deleting the gene encoding ANT1 (Slc25a4) or CypD (Ppif) in a δ-sarcoglycan (Sgcd) gene-deleted mouse model of MD, revealing that dystrophic mice lacking Slc25a4 were partially protected from cell death and MD pathology. Dystrophic mice lacking both Slc25a4 and Ppif together were almost completely protected from necrotic cell death and MD disease. This study provides direct evidence that ANT1 and CypD are required MPTP components governing in vivo cell death, suggesting a previously unrecognized therapeutic approach in MD and other necrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Bround
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julian R. Havens
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Allen J. York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle A. Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Campos Y, Rodriguez-Enriquez R, Palacios G, Van de Vlekkert D, Qiu X, Weesner J, Gomero E, Demmers J, Bertorini T, Opferman JT, Grosveld GC, d'Azzo A. Mitochondrial proteostasis mediated by CRL5 Ozz and Alix maintains skeletal muscle function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.11.548601. [PMID: 37503076 PMCID: PMC10369959 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.548601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
High energy-demanding tissues, such as skeletal muscle, require mitochondrial proteostasis to function properly. Two quality-control mechanisms, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and the release of mitochondria-derived vesicles, safeguard mitochondrial proteostasis. However, whether these processes interact is unknown. Here we show that the E3 ligase CRL5 Ozz , a member of the UPS, and its substrate Alix control the mitochondrial concentration of Slc25A4, a solute carrier that is essential for ATP production. The mitochondria in Ozz -/- or Alix -/- skeletal muscle share overt morphologic alterations (they are supernumerary, swollen, and dysmorphic) and have abnormal metabolomic profiles. We found that CRL5 Ozz ubiquitinates Slc25A4 and promotes its proteasomal degradation, while Alix facilitates SLC25A4 loading into exosomes destined for lysosomal destruction. The loss of Ozz or Alix offsets steady-state levels of Slc25A4, which disturbs mitochondrial metabolism and alters muscle fiber composition. These findings reveal hitherto unknown regulatory functions of Ozz and Alix in mitochondrial proteostasis.
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Heighton JN, Brady LI, Sadikovic B, Bulman DE, Tarnopolsky MA. Genotypes of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia in a large adult-onset cohort. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:227-231. [PMID: 31521625 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a common presentation of mitochondrial disease. We performed a retrospective evaluation of the molecular genetic testing and genotype-phenotype correlations in a large cohort of adult-onset CPEO patients (N = 111). One hundred percent of patients tested had at least one mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion. Genetic testing of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants likely to be associated with CPEO in 7.6% of patients. As expected, the nuclear gene most associated with DNA variation was POLG. A single likely pathogenic mitochondrial DNA variant (m.12278T>C) was identified in two unrelated patients. No significant differences were noted in the clinical phenotypes of patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic nuclear variants in comparison to those with negative nuclear gene testing. Analysis of deletion size and heteroplasmy in muscle-derived mtDNA showed significant correlations with age of symptom onset but not disease severity (number of canonical CPEO features). Results suggest that smaller mtDNA deletions (p = 0.0127, r2 = 0.1201) and higher heteroplasmy of single mtDNA deletions (p = 0.0112, r2 = 0.2483) are associated with an earlier age of onset in CPEO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N Heighton
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren I Brady
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dennis E Bulman
- Newborn Screening Ontario and CHEO Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Mitochondrial DNA Deletions With Low-Level Heteroplasmy in Adult-Onset Myopathy. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 19:117-123. [PMID: 29465611 DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the cases of 2 patients who presented to our Myositis Center with myalgias and elevated creatine kinase levels. Muscle biopsy showed pathological features consistent with mitochondrial myopathy. In both cases, a single large deletion in mitochondrial DNA at low-level heteroplasmy was identified by next-generation sequencing in muscle tissue. In 1 case, the deletion was identified in muscle tissue but not blood. In both cases, the deletion was only identified on next-generation sequencing of muscle mitochondrial DNA and missed on array comparative genome hybridization testing. These cases demonstrate that next-generation sequencing of mitochondrial DNA in muscle tissue is the most sensitive method of molecular diagnosis for mitochondrial myopathy due to mitochondrial DNA deletions.
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Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Phenotypic spectrum of SLC25A4 mutations. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:119-122. [PMID: 30013777 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no comprehensive overview concerning the phenotypic variability in patients carrying SLC25A4 mutations available. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to summarise and discuss recent findings concerning the clinical presentation and phenotypic heterogeneity of SLC25A4 mutations. The study was conducted by systematically reviewing the literature using the search terms 'mitochondrial', "myopathy', 'nuclear DNA', 'mitochondrial DNA', in combination with 'SLC25A4' or 'AAC1'. The results indicated that the phenotypic heterogeneity in patients carrying a SLC25A4 mutation is broader than so far anticipated. Patients carrying a SLC25A4 mutation not only manifest as encephalo-myo-cardiomyopathy but also with scoliosis, cataract, depression, headache, hydrocephalus or arterial hypertension. SLC25A4 mutations may result in mtDNA depletion or multiple mitochondrial (mt)DNA deletions. SLC25A4-associated mtDNA depletion presents with the more severe phenotype and the worse outcome than patients with multiple mtDNA deletions. Depletion syndrome due to SLC25A4 mutations is associated with congenital respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation with poor prognosis in the majority of the cases. Mutations in the SLC25A4 gene manifest phenotypically with multiorgan abnormalities in addition to encephalo-myo-cardiomyopathy. SLC25A4 mutations, causing mtDNA depletion, present with a more severe phenotype, including respiratory insufficiency and more widespread cerebral disease than mutations causing multiple mtDNA deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Rudolfstiftung, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sinda Zarrouk-Mahjoub
- University of Tunis El Manar and Genomics Platform, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
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Sarker-Nag A, Hutcheon AEK, Karamichos D. Mitochondrial Profile and Responses to TGF-β Ligands in Keratoconus. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:900-7. [PMID: 26430764 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1078361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Keratoconus (KC) is a complex corneal dystrophy with multifactorial etiology. Previous studies have shown evidence of mitochondrial abnormalities in KC; however, the exact cause of these abnormalities remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify if transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms play a role in the regulation of mitochondrial proteins in human KC cells (HKC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human corneal fibroblasts (HCF) and HKC were isolated and cultured for 4 weeks in three different conditions: (a) CONTROL MEM + 10%FBS, (b) MEM + 10%FBS + TGF-β1 and (c) MEM + 10%FBS + TGF-β3. All samples were processed for mitochondrial damage analysis using real-time PCR. RESULTS We quantified and analyzed 84 mitochondrial and five housekeeping genes in HCFs and HKCs. Our data showed that when TGF-β1 and/or TGF-β3 were compared with control in HCFs, nine genes were significantly different; however, no genes were significantly regulated by the TGF-β isoforms in HKCs. Significant differences were also seen in seven genes when HFCs were compared with HKCs, in all three conditions. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data support the growing consensus that mitochondrial dysfunction is a key player in KC disease. These in vitro data show clear links between mitochondrial function and TGF-β isoforms, with TGF-β1 severely disrupting KC-mitochondrial function, while TGF-β3 maintained it, thus suggesting that TGF-β may play a role in KC-disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhee Sarker-Nag
- a Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Audrey E K Hutcheon
- b Schepens Eye Research Institute/MEE and Department of Ophthalmology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- a Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,c Department of Cell Biology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies many human disorders, including those that affect the visual system. The retinal ganglion cells, whose axons form the optic nerve, are often damaged by mitochondrial-related diseases which result in blindness. Both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear gene mutations impacting many different mitochondrial processes can result in optic nerve disease. Of particular importance are mutations that impair mitochondrial network dynamics (fusion and fission), oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and formation of iron-sulfur complexes. Current genetic knowledge can inform genetic counseling and suggest strategies for novel gene-based therapies. Identifying new optic neuropathy-causing genes and defining the role of current and novel genes in disease will be important steps toward the development of effective and potentially neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
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Wang W, Wang X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Xie X, Wang J, Gao M, Zhang S, Hou Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Canine Cardiac Fat Pads: Involvement of Two Novel Long Non-Coding RNAs in Atrial Fibrillation Neural Remodeling. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:809-21. [PMID: 25559442 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weizong Wang
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan 250014 China
| | - Ximin Wang
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan 250014 China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan 250014 China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan 250014 China
| | - Xinxing Xie
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan 250014 China
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan 250014 China
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan 250014 China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology; Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital; Shandong University; Jinan 250014 China
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Horga A, Pitceathly RDS, Blake JC, Woodward CE, Zapater P, Fratter C, Mudanohwo EE, Plant GT, Houlden H, Sweeney MG, Hanna MG, Reilly MM. Peripheral neuropathy predicts nuclear gene defect in patients with mitochondrial ophthalmoplegia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:3200-12. [PMID: 25281868 PMCID: PMC4240292 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ophthalmoplegia is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Horga et al. investigate whether peripheral neuropathy can predict the underlying genetic defect in patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Results indicate that neuropathy is highly predictive of a nuclear DNA defect and that it is rarely associated with single mitochondrial DNA deletions. Progressive external ophthalmoplegia is a common clinical feature in mitochondrial disease caused by nuclear DNA defects and single, large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions and is less frequently associated with point mutations of mitochondrial DNA. Peripheral neuropathy is also a frequent manifestation of mitochondrial disease, although its prevalence and characteristics varies considerably among the different syndromes and genetic aetiologies. Based on clinical observations, we systematically investigated whether the presence of peripheral neuropathy could predict the underlying genetic defect in patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia. We analysed detailed demographic, clinical and neurophysiological data from 116 patients with genetically-defined mitochondrial disease and progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Seventy-eight patients (67%) had a single mitochondrial DNA deletion, 12 (10%) had a point mutation of mitochondrial DNA and 26 (22%) had mutations in either POLG, C10orf2 or RRM2B, or had multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions in muscle without an identified nuclear gene defect. Seventy-seven patients had neurophysiological studies; of these, 16 patients (21%) had a large-fibre peripheral neuropathy. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was significantly lower in patients with a single mitochondrial DNA deletion (2%) as compared to those with a point mutation of mitochondrial DNA or with a nuclear DNA defect (44% and 52%, respectively; P < 0.001). Univariate analyses revealed significant differences in the distribution of other clinical features between genotypes, including age at disease onset, gender, family history, progressive external ophthalmoplegia at clinical presentation, hearing loss, pigmentary retinopathy and extrapyramidal features. However, binomial logistic regression analysis identified peripheral neuropathy as the only independent predictor associated with a nuclear DNA defect (P = 0.002; odds ratio 8.43, 95% confidence interval 2.24–31.76). Multinomial logistic regression analysis identified peripheral neuropathy, family history and hearing loss as significant predictors of the genotype, and the same three variables showed the highest performance in genotype classification in a decision tree analysis. Of these variables, peripheral neuropathy had the highest specificity (91%), negative predictive value (83%) and positive likelihood ratio (5.87) for the diagnosis of a nuclear DNA defect. These results indicate that peripheral neuropathy is a rare finding in patients with single mitochondrial DNA deletions but that it is highly predictive of an underlying nuclear DNA defect. This observation may facilitate the development of diagnostic algorithms. We suggest that nuclear gene testing may enable a more rapid diagnosis and avoid muscle biopsy in patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Horga
- 1 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Robert D S Pitceathly
- 1 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Julian C Blake
- 2 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Catherine E Woodward
- 3 Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Pedro Zapater
- 4 Clinical Pharmacology Section, Hospital General Universitario, Alicante, 03010, Spain
| | - Carl Fratter
- 5 Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Ese E Mudanohwo
- 3 Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Gordon T Plant
- 6 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- 1 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Mary G Sweeney
- 3 Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Michael G Hanna
- 1 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Mary M Reilly
- 1 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hong Shin
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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Valdiglesias V, Fernández-Tajes J, Costa C, Méndez J, Pásaro E, Laffon B. Alterations in metabolism-related genes induced in SHSY5Y cells by okadaic acid exposure. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:844-856. [PMID: 22788371 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.690703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is a widely distributed marine toxin produced by several phytoplanktonic species and responsible for diarrheic shellfish poisoning in humans. At the molecular level OA is a specific inhibitor of several types of serine/threonine protein phosphatases. Due to this enzymic inhibition, OA was reported to induce numerous alterations in relevant cellular physiological processes, including several metabolic pathways such as glucose uptake, lipolysis and glycolysis, heme metabolism, and glycogen and protein synthesis. In order to further understand the underlying mechanisms involved in OA-induced effects on cellular metabolism, the expression levels of six genes related to different catabolic and anabolic metabolism-related processes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Specifically, the expression patterns of GAPDH, TOMM5, SLC25A4, COII, QARS, and RGS5 genes were determined in SHSY5Y human neuroblastoma cells exposed to OA for 3, 24, or 48 h. All these genes showed alterations in their expression levels after at least one of the OA treatments tested. These alterations provide a basis to understand the mechanisms underlying the previously described OA-induced effects on different metabolic processes, mainly regarding glucose and mitochondrial metabolism. However, other OA-induced affected genes can not be ruled out, and further studies are required to more comprehensively characterize in the mechanisms of OA-induced interaction on cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
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