1
|
Gutiérrez Robledo N, Punset Fuste M, Rodríguez-Contreras A, García Marro F, Manero Planella JM, Figueras-Álvarez O, Roig Cayón M. In Vitro Assessment of a New Block Design for Implant Crowns with Functional Gradient Fabricated with Resin Composite and Zirconia Insert. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3815. [PMID: 39124479 PMCID: PMC11313615 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate and compare the mechanical resistance, fatigue behavior and fracture behavior of different CAD/CAM materials for implant crowns. Eighty-eight implant crowns cemented-screwed with four sample groups: two monolithic G1 Zirconia (control) and G3 composite and two bi-layered G2 customized zirconia/composite and G4 prefabricated zirconia/composite. All static and dynamic mechanical tests were conducted at 37 °C under wet conditions. The fractographic evaluation of deformed and/or fractured samples was evaluated via electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was conducted using Wallis tests, which were performed depending on the variables, with a confidence interval of 95%, (p < 0.05). The Maximum Fracture Strength values displayed by the four groups of samples showed no statistically significant differences. The crown-abutment material combination influenced the failure mode of the restoration, transitioning from a fatigue fracture type located at the abutment-analog connection for monolithic materials (G1 and G3) to a brittle fracture located in the crown for bi-layered materials (G2 and G4). The use of layered crown materials with functional gradients appears to protect the crown/abutment connection area by partially absorbing the applied mechanical loads. This prevents catastrophic mechanical failures, avoiding long chairside time to solve these kinds of complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Gutiérrez Robledo
- School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain; (O.F.-Á.); (M.R.C.)
- Independent Research, 28028 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Punset Fuste
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.F.); (A.R.-C.); (J.M.M.P.)
- UPC Innovation and Technology Center (CIT-UPC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
- Reserach Institute San Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Rodríguez-Contreras
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.F.); (A.R.-C.); (J.M.M.P.)
- Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
- Reserach Institute San Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando García Marro
- Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
- Center for Structural Integrity, Reliability and Micromechanics of Materials Research Group (CIEFMA), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Manero Planella
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.F.); (A.R.-C.); (J.M.M.P.)
- Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
- Reserach Institute San Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Figueras-Álvarez
- School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain; (O.F.-Á.); (M.R.C.)
| | - Miguel Roig Cayón
- School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain; (O.F.-Á.); (M.R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zandinejad A, Zadeh RS, Khanlar LN, Barmak AB, Revilla-León M. Fracture resistance, marginal and internal adaptation of innovative 3D-printed graded structure crown using a 3D jet printing technology. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:684-690. [PMID: 39118597 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study aimed to create a graded structured dental crown using 3D printing technology and investigate the fracture resistance and the adaptation of this new design. MATERIALS AND METHODS A dental crown with a uniform thickness of 1.5 mm was designed, and the exported stereolithography file (STL) was used to manufacture 30 crowns in three groups (n = 10), solid (SC), bilayer (BL), and multilayer (ML) crowns using 3D jet printing technology. Marginal and internal gaps were measured using the silicone replica technique. Crowns were then luted to a resin die using a temporary luting agent and the fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare the fracture resistance and the adaptation of crowns at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Mean marginal and internal gap of the ML group were 80 and 82 mm, respectively; which were significantly (p < 0.05) smaller than BL (203 and 183 mm) and SC (318 and 221 mm) groups. The SC group showed the highest mean load at fracture (2330 N) which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the BL (1716 N) and ML (1516 N) groups. CONCLUSION 3D jet printing technology provides an opportunity to manufacture crowns in a graded structure with various mechanical properties. This study provided an example of graded structured crowns and presented their fracture resistance. SC group had the highest fracture resistance; however, ML had the best marginal and internal adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirali Zandinejad
- Implant Dentistry Associates of Arlington, ClearChoice, Arlington, Texas, USA
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ramtin Sadid Zadeh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Leila Nasiry Khanlar
- A.T. Still University-Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, Kirksville, Missouri, USA
| | - Abdul Basir Barmak
- Clinical Research and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Director of Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu H, Jiang J, Wang Y, Wang S, He Y, He F. Additive manufacturing of dental ceramics in prosthodontics: The status quo and the future. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:380-399. [PMID: 38346729 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to summarize the available technologies, material categories, and prosthodontic applications of additive manufacturing (AM) dental ceramics, evaluate the achievable accuracy and mechanical properties in comparison with current mainstream computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) subtractive manufacturing (SM) methods, and discuss future prospects and directions. STUDY SELECTION This paper is based on the latest reviews, state-of-the-art research, and existing ISO standards on AM technologies and prosthodontic applications of dental ceramics. PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were amongst the sources searched for narrative reviews. RESULTS Relatively few AM technologies are available and their applications are limited to crowns and fixed partial dentures. Although the accuracy and strength of AM dental ceramics are comparable to those of SM, they have the limitations of relatively inferior curved surface accuracy and low strength reliability. Furthermore, functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM), a potential direction for AM, enables the realization of biomimetic structures, such as natural teeth; however, specific studies are currently lacking. CONCLUSIONS AM dental ceramics are not sufficiently developed for large-scale clinical applications. However, with additional research, it may be possible for AM to replace SM as the mainstream manufacturing technology for ceramic restorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jimin Jiang
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fuming He
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gali S, Gururaja S, Patel Z. Methodological approaches in graded dental ceramics. Dent Mater 2024; 40:e1-e13. [PMID: 38438282 PMCID: PMC7615955 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functionally graded materials (FGM) with indistinct boundaries potentially eliminate the damaging stresses occurring at the interfaces. FGM applications in dental ceramics have enhanced their fatigue resistance and interfacial toughness. OBJECTIVES This scoping review aims to map graded designs in dental ceramics, distinguish their methodological approaches with their material characteristics and properties, and understand the factors affecting the outcomes of each of the graded approaches. METHODS A systematic electronic search was performed with the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and Google Scholar along with a manual search. RESULTS About 2675 articles were initially found from all the searches with no date restriction till July 2023. After rejecting duplicates and based on exclusion criteria, about 52 articles were included. SIGNIFICANCE Methodological approaches in grading such as glass-infiltration and silica-infiltration have been investigated on pre-sintered zirconia. The type of infiltration and the method of infiltrate application significantly influenced the phase transformation of zirconia, its microstructure, surface hardness, fracture toughness, flexural strength, wear, and fatigue strength of graded dental zirconia. Interlayers were accommodated between metal-ceramic and veneer-core all-ceramic layers. Fractions of zirconia-porcelain and alumina-porcelain showed high bending strength and better stress distribution. The results of finite element analysis studies predicted that using 10-layered graded layers reduced the stresses at the crown-cement-dentin interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivaranjani Gali
- Dept. of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India.
| | | | - Zulekha Patel
- Dept. of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fouquet V, Larsen N, Stchepinsky AC, Vennat E, Benoit A, Tapie L. A parametrical finite element analysis for functionally graded material overlay restoration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106409. [PMID: 38277910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The main cause of failure in bonded ceramic restorations is material fracture due to excessive stress concentration at the base of the prosthesis. The design of restorative functionally graded materials (FGM) could represent a major advance in dissipating mechanical stresses during occlusal contacts. The aim of this paper is to carry out a complete factorial design of finite element analyses to optimize a multilayer FGM introduced at the bottom of an overlay prosthesis. The number and thickness of layers vary within a spectrum compatible with ceramic shaping processes whereas Young's moduli variations are set in the range of dental tissues. For a 1.5-mm thick prosthesis, the optimal FGM configuration appears to be a 5 layers of 0.2 mm thickness with a linear distribution of Young's modulus from 30 to 70 GPa. This configuration was implemented in a 3D model of a restored tooth with realistic geometry to validate the proof-of-concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Fouquet
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, URB2i, F-92120, Montrouge, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-93430, Villetaneuse, France; AP-HP, Louis-Mourier Hospital, Oral Medecine Department, F-92700, Colombes, France
| | - Nicoline Larsen
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, URB2i, F-92120, Montrouge, France
| | | | - Elsa Vennat
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, URB2i, F-92120, Montrouge, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LMPS - Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Aurélie Benoit
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, URB2i, F-92120, Montrouge, France.
| | - Laurent Tapie
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, URB2i, F-92120, Montrouge, France; EPF Engineering School, F-94230, Cachan, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zandinejad A, Das O, Barmak AB, Kuttolamadom M, Revilla-León M. The Flexural Strength and Flexural Modulus of Stereolithography Additively Manufactured Zirconia with Different Porosities. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:434-440. [PMID: 34580962 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are capable of fabricating complex geometries with different porosities. However, the effect of such porosities on mechanical properties of stereolithography (SLA) AM zirconia with different porosities is unclear. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the mechanical properties namely flexural strength, and flexural modulus of AM zirconia with different porosities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bar (25 × 4 × 3 mm) for flexural strength test (ISO standard 6872/2015) was designed by CAD software program and standard tessellation language (STL) file was obtained. The STL file was used to fabricate a total of 80 bars in four groups. Three experimental groups each containing 20 samples were manufactured using an SLA ceramic printer (CeraMaker 900; 3DCeram Co) and zirconia material (3DMix ZrO2 paste; 3DCeram Co) with different sintering post processing to achieve different porosities including 0%-porosity (AMZ0), 20%-porosity (AMZ20), and 40%-porosity (AMZ40). The same STL file was used for subtractive manufacturing or milling of 20 zirconia bars as control group (CNCZ) with the same dimensions using a commercial zirconia. Three-point bending tests were performed for all groups following ISO standard 6872/2015 specification using a universal testing machine. Outcomes measured included load at fracture, mean flexural strength, and flexural modulus and they were compared across the experimental groups using a one-way ANOVA. Post hoc pair wise comparison between each pair of the groups were performed using Tukey test. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the four groups, in terms of fracture load, flexural strength and flexural modulus using one-way ANOVA. AM zirconia with 0% porosity (AMZ0) showed the highest value for fracture load (1132.7 ± 220.6 N), flexural strength (755.1 ± 147.1 MPa) and flexural modulus (41,273 ± 2193 MPa) and AM zirconia with 40% porosity (AMZ40) showed the lowest fracture load (72.13 ± 13.42 N), flexural strength (48.09 ± 8.95 MPa) and flexural modulus (7177 ± 506 MPa). Tukey's pairwise comparisons detected a significant difference between all the possible pairs for all variables except flexural modulus between AMZ0 and CNCZ. The Weibull moduli presented the lowest value for AMZ20 (4.4) followed by AMZ40 (6.1), AMZ0 (6.1), and the highest value was for CNCZ (8.1). CONCLUSION AM zirconia with 0% porosity showed significantly higher flexural strength and flexural modulus when compared to milled and AM zirconia with 20% and 40% porosities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omprakash Das
- College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | | | - Marta Revilla-León
- College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX.,School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Revilla Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zandinejad A, Revilla-León M. Additively Manufactured Dental Crown with Color Gradient and Graded Structure: A Technique Report. J Prosthodont 2021; 30:822-825. [PMID: 34297467 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the feasibility of manufacturing a dental crown with internal color gradient and graded structure design using additive manufacturing technology, a mandibular first molar was prepared and a monolayer dental crown with 1.5 mm uniform thickness was designed in a dental software (STLC1 ). The monolayer crown design was sliced into multiple layers of 0.1 mm thickness and a design for a multilayer crown was obtained (STLC2 ). A multilayer crown was manufactured with gradient color and graded structure using a material jetting printer. Different materials with different colors and properties were used and mixed in different ratios during manufacturing to achieve the prospected design. The feasibility of manufacturing such a crown was reported. This report confirms that multilayer dental crowns with internal gradient color and graded structure are possible when using a multimaterial jetting printer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX.,School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Revilla Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Revilla-León M, Zandinejad A. Two-layer additively manufactured crown: Proof of concept. J Dent 2021; 112:103730. [PMID: 34146654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility of additively manufacturing a crown with a 2-layer design. METHODS A mandibular first molar tooth preparation titanium die for a full coverage restoration was obtained. The die was used to design a monolayer (ML group) and 2-layer (2L group) anatomically contoured crown. In the ML group, the specimen was manufactured with a hard polymer (Rigur RGD450; Stratasys). In the 2L group, the crown was splinted into 2 parts: the intaglio that represented 25% of the total crown volume that was manufactured with a resilient polymer (Vero; Stratasys) and the exterior that represented the remaining crown volume that was manufactured with a hard polymer (Rigur RGD450; Stratasys). Specimens were manufactured using a material jetting printer (Connex3 Object260; Stratasys). The marginal and internal discrepancies of ML and 2L specimens were visually assessed. RESULTS The ML and 2L specimens were manufactured using a material jetting printer that obtained a visually acceptable marginal and internal discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS The 2-layer dental crown can be manufactured using a material jetting printer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Material jetting technology has the capability to fabricate a 2-layer dental crown design which can be fabricated using materials with different properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Revilla-León
- AEGD Residency, Comprehensive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, United States; Affiliate Faculty Graduate Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Revilla Research Center, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Amirali Zandinejad
- AEGD Residency, Comprehensive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mitra S, Rahman MH, Motalab M, Rakib T, Bose P. Tuning the mechanical properties of functionally graded nickel and aluminium alloy at the nanoscale. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30705-30718. [PMID: 35479865 PMCID: PMC9041126 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04571g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We revealed that the mechanical properties of Ni3Al (homogeneous alloy) could be modulated utilizing functional grading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailee Mitra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Motalab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tawfiqur Rakib
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Pritom Bose
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qasim SSB, Zafar MS, Niazi FH, Alshahwan M, Omar H, Daood U. Functionally graded biomimetic biomaterials in dentistry: an evidence-based update. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:1144-1162. [PMID: 32202207 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1744289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Design and development of novel therapeutic strategies to regenerate lost tissue structure and function is a serious clinical hurdle for researchers. Traditionally, much of the research is dedicated in optimising properties of scaffolds. Current synthetic biomaterials remain rudimentary in comparison to their natural counterparts. The ability to incorporate biologically inspired elements into the design of synthetic materials has advanced with time. Recent reports suggest that functionally graded material mimicking the natural tissue morphology can have a more exaggerated response on the targeted tissue. The aim of this review is to deliver an overview of the functionally graded concept with respect to applications in clinical dentistry. A comprehensive understanding of spatiotemporal arrangement in fields of restorative, prosthodontics, periodontics, orthodontics and oral surgery is presented. Different processing techniques have been adapted to achieve such gradients ranging from additive manufacturing (three dimensional printing/rapid prototyping) to conventional techniques of freeze gelation, freeze drying, electrospinning and particulate leaching. The scope of employing additive manufacturing technique as a reliable and predictable tool for the design and accurate reproduction of biomimetic templates is vast by any measure. Further research in the materials used and refinement of the synthesis techniques will continue to expand the frontiers of functionally graded membrane based biomaterials application in the clinical domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Saad Bin Qasim
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alshahwan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Omar
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Functionally graded materials for orthopedic applications – an update on design and manufacturing. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:504-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
12
|
Mechanical and biological properties of the micro-/nano-grain functionally graded hydroxyapatite bioceramics for bone tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 48:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|