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Soares BM, Barbosa MP, de Almeida RV, Jardim RN, da Silva EM. Marginal integrity and physicomechanical properties of a thermoviscous and regular bulk-fill resin composites. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:496. [PMID: 39177835 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the marginal integrity (MI%) and to characterize specific properties of a thermoviscous bulk-fill resin composite, two regular bulk-fill resin composites, and a non-bulk-fill resin composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS VisCalor bulk (VBF), Filtek One Bulk Fill (OBF), and Aura Bulk Fill (ABF) were evaluated. Filtek Z250 XT (ZXT) was used as non-bulk-fill control. MI% was evaluated in standardized cylindrical cavities restored with the composites by using a 3D laser confocal microscope. The following properties were characterized: volumetric polymerization shrinkage (VS%), polymerization shrinkage stress (Pss), degree of conversion (DC%), microhardness (KHN), flexural strength (FS), and elastic modulus (EM). Data were analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS VBF presented the highest MI% and the lowest VS% and Pss (p < 0.05). DC% ranged from 59.4% (OBF) to 71.0% (ZXT). ZXT and VBF presented similar and highest KHN than OBF and ABF (p < 0.05). ABF presented the lowest FS (p < 0.05). EM ranged from 5.5 GPa to 7.7 GPa, with the values of ZXT and VBF being similar and statistically higher than those of OBF and ABF (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thermoviscous technology employed by VisCalor bulk was able to improve its mechanical behavior comparatively to regular bulk-fill resin composites and to contribute to a better marginal integrity in restorations built up in cylindrical cavities with similar geometry to a class I cavity as well. Although presenting overall better physicomechanical properties, Z250 XT presented the worst MI%. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The marginal integrity, which is pivotal for the success of resin composite restorations, could be improved using VisCalor bulk-fill. The worst MI% presented by Z250 XT reinforces that non-bulk-fill resin composites shall not be bulk-inserted in the cavity to be restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Monteiro Soares
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marianna Pires Barbosa
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rayane Velloso de Almeida
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Nunes Jardim
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Moreira da Silva
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal Fluminense/Faculdade de Odontologia -Rua Mário Santos Braga, nº 30 - Campus Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24040, Brazil.
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da Silva EM, Amaral CM, Jardim RN, Barbosa MP, Rabello TB. Influence of Specimen Dimension, Water Immersion Protocol, and Surface Roughness on Water Sorption and Solubility of Resin-Based Restorative Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:984. [PMID: 38473457 DOI: 10.3390/ma17050984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The evaluation of water sorption and solubility is pivotal for the development of new resin-based restorative materials with the potential for clinical application. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the specimen dimension, water immersion protocol, and surface roughness on the water sorption and solubility of three resin-based restorative materials. Disk-shaped specimens of 15 mm × 1 mm, 10 mm × 1 mm, and 6 mm × 1 mm were produced with a composite resin (Z100), a resin cement (RelyX ARC), and an adhesive system (Single Bond 2-SB2). The specimens were immersed in distilled water according to four protocols: ISO (all the specimens for each group were vertically immersed in 50 mL); IV-10 (the specimens were individually and vertically immersed in 10 mL); IH-10 (the specimens were individually and horizontally immersed in 10 mL); and IH-2 (the specimens were individually and horizontally immersed in 2 mL). The surface roughness (Sa and Sp) was evaluated using an atomic force microscope, and the degree of conversion was determined using FT-IR spectrometry. The specimen dimension and water immersion protocol had no effect on water sorption and solubility. For the three resin-based restorative materials, Sp was higher than Sa. The degree of conversion was not influenced by the specimen dimension. The variations in the specimen dimension and water immersion protocol compared to those determined by ISO 4049 did not prevent the comparison between the values of water sorption and solubility obtained for a given resin-based restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Moreira da Silva
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials-LABiom-R, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24040-110, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Mariote Amaral
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials-LABiom-R, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24040-110, Brazil
| | - Renata Nunes Jardim
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials-LABiom-R, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24040-110, Brazil
| | - Marianna Pires Barbosa
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials-LABiom-R, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24040-110, Brazil
| | - Tiago Braga Rabello
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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Vaithiyalingam A, Mathew M, Jayakumar S, Arumugam K, Ponnusamy P, Narasimman T. Evaluation of Compressive and Flexural Strengths of Two Resin-based Core Materials with an Alkasite Material: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:385-389. [PMID: 37534505 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare and evaluate the compressive and flexural strengths of two resin-based core build-up materials with an alkasite material. MATERIALS AND METHODS ParaCore, Tetric N ceram Bulk-fill composite, and Cention N were used. A total of 90 specimens were prepared. Customized cylindrical split molds of dimension 6 ± 1 mm (height) × 4 ± 1 mm (diameter) were used to fabricate 15 samples of each core material for testing the compressive strength and rectangular split metal molds of dimensions 25 ± 1 mm (length) × 2 ± 1 mm (width) × 2 ± 1 mm (height) were used to fabricate 15 samples of each core material for testing the flexural strength. Then the samples were tested using a Universal testing machine (UTM). RESULTS The compressive and flexural strengths of Cention N were significantly less than ParaCore® but higher than Tetric® N-CeramTM Bulk-fill core build-up material. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that Cention N may be used as an alternative to other core build-up materials after further in-vitro and in-vivo studies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cention N had the added advantage that self-cure polymerization alone was sufficient to achieve good physical properties when compared to the other two resin-based core build-up materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Vaithiyalingam
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College and Hospital, Ariyur, Puducherry, India, Phone: +91 9655805794, e-mail:
| | - Miriam Mathew
- Department of Prosthodontics, P.S.M. College of Dental Science & Research, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Srilekha Jayakumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College and Hospital, Ariyur, Puducherry, India
| | - Karthikeyan Arumugam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College and Hospital, Ariyur, Puducherry, India
| | - Prashanth Ponnusamy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College and Hospital, Ariyur, Puducherry, India
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El-Maksoud OA, Hamama HHH, Wafaie RA, El-Wassefy N, Mahmoud SH. Effect of shelf-storage temperature on degree of conversion and microhardness of composite restorative materials. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:57. [PMID: 36721191 PMCID: PMC9890862 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pre-cure temperature is considered an important parameter that affects the polymerization kinetics and the properties of composite restoration. As dissension exists about the effect of storing composite restorative materials in refrigerator, this study aimed to assess the effect of shelf-storage temperature on degree of conversion (DC) and microhardness of three composite restorative materials with different matrix systems. METHODS Three commercially-available composite restorative materials were used in this study; an Ormocer-based composite (Admira Fusion, Voco GmbH), a nanoceramic composite, (Ceram.X SphereTEC One, Dentsply Sirona GmbH), and a nanohybrid composite (Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent AG). Regarding DC and microhardness tests, 60 disc-shaped composite specimens for each test were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20) according to the restorative material used. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 10) according to the composite storage temperature; stored at room temperature or stored in the refrigerator at 4°-5 °C. DC was evaluated using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer coupled to an attenuated total reflectance accessory. Microhardness was evaluated using micro-Vickers hardness tester under a load of 50 g with a dwell time of 10 s. The results were analyzed by ANOVA, post-hoc LSD, and independent t-tests at a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS Regarding DC test all groups showed statistically significant differences at both storage temperature. The Ormocer-based composite had the highest mean values. There was a statistically significant difference between all room-stored groups and their corresponding groups stored at refrigerator (p < 0.05). For microhardness test, all groups exhibited also statistically significant differences at both storage temperatures with the Ormocer-based composite having the highest mean values. A statistically significant difference between both room-stored and refrigerator-stored groups has been observed also (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Refrigeration of resin-composite might have a deleterious effect on DC and microhardness of the tested composite restorative materials with different matrix systems. Moreover, the differences in the formulations of composite matrix have a potential impact on DC and microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abd El-Maksoud
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | | | - Ramy Ahmed Wafaie
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Noha El-Wassefy
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salah Hasab Mahmoud
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Kelch M, Stawarczyk B, Mayinger F. Chemical and mechanical properties of dual-polymerizing core build-up materials. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4885-4896. [PMID: 35344103 PMCID: PMC9276564 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the chemical (degree of conversion (DC)) and mechanical properties (Martens hardness (HM), elastic indentation modulus (EIT), and biaxial flexural strength (BFS)) of four dual-polymerizing resin composite core build-up materials after light- and self-polymerization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Round specimens with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm were manufactured from CLEARFIL DC CORE PLUS (CLE; Kuraray), core·X flow (COR; Dentsply Sirona), MultiCore Flow (MUL; Ivoclar Vivadent), and Rebilda DC (REB; VOCO) (N = 96, n = 24/material). Half of the specimens were light-polymerized (Elipar DeepCure-S, 3 M), while the other half cured by self-polymerization (n = 12/group). Immediately after fabrication, the DC, HM, EIT, and BFS were determined. Data was analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman's correlation, and Weibull statistics (p < 0.05). RESULTS Light-polymerization either led to similar EIT (MUL; p = 0.119) and BFS (MUL and REB; p = 0.094-0.326) values or higher DC, HM, EIT, and BFS results (all other groups; p < 0.001-0.009). When compared with the other materials, COR showed a high DC (p < 0.001) and HM (p < 0.001) after self-polymerization and the highest BFS (p = 0.020) and Weibull modulus after light-polymerization. Positive correlations between all four tested parameters (R = 0.527-0.963, p < 0.001) were found. CONCLUSIONS For the tested resin composite core build-up materials, light-polymerization led to similar or superior values for the degree of conversion, Martens hardness, elastic indentation modulus, and biaxial flexural strength than observed after self-polymerization. Among the tested materials, COR should represent the resin composite core build-up material of choice due to its high chemical (degree of conversion) and mechanical (Martens hardness, elastic indentation modulus, and biaxial flexural strength) properties and its high reliability after light-polymerization. The examined chemical and mechanical properties showed a positive correlation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The chemical and mechanical performance of dual-polymerizing resin composite core build-up materials is significantly affected by the chosen polymerization mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kelch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Felicitas Mayinger
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Sharma A, Shetty PP, Ali A, Bhardwaj M, Dubey D, Chhabra S. Comparative evaluation of the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of paracore®, flourocore®2+, and multicore® resin-based core build-up materials - An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:576-579. [PMID: 35558666 PMCID: PMC9089769 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_529_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The study was aimed to evaluate and compare the compressive, diametral tensile, and flexural strengths of three different commercial resin based core materials and to single out the best resin-based core build-up material with respect to their physical properties among ParaCore® (Coltene Whaledent, USA), FlouroCore® 2+ (Dentsply International, USA), MultiCore® (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) with Miracle Mix® (GC America) core used as control. Materials and Methods One hundred and twenty samples were prepared, of which forty samples (10 of each material) were prepared in cylindrical stainless steel molds (height 6 mm, diameter 4 mm) for compressive strength measurements. Other forty samples (10 of each material) were prepared in cylindrical molds (diameter 6 mm, height 2 mm) for diametral tensile strength measurements. Forty samples (10 of each material) were prepared in stainless steel molds cuboidal in shape (length 25 mm, thickness 2 mm, and width 2 mm) for flexural strength measurements. The samples were tested on a Universal testing machine (Instron Machine 3366, made in the USA). Statistical Analysis Used One-way analysis of variance was performed to determine any statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) among the resin-based core build-up materials with respect to their three respective strengths. Further, the statistical comparison was made among the four materials using Student's t-test at a significance level of 5%. Results Based on the results obtained it can be summarized that the ParaCore is the strongest material among all the four materials, followed by MultiCore, FlouroCore2+, and Miracle Mix. The Miracle mix is the weakest among all the materials owing to its inferior strength values. Conclusion The results of the present study imply that, in consideration of their superior strength values, resin-based core build-up materials, ParaCore, MultiCore, and FlouroCore2+ should be a preferred for use as core build-up material over Miracle Mix in specific clinical situations, in the same order of preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Prashant Purandhar Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Afzal Ali
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monika Bhardwaj
- Department of Dentistry, American International Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepa Dubey
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Swati Chhabra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Roussou K, Nikolaidis AK, Ziouti F, Arhakis A, Arapostathis K, Koulaouzidou EA. Cytotoxic Evaluation and Determination of Organic and Inorganic Eluates from Restorative Materials. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164912. [PMID: 34443499 PMCID: PMC8399195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, diverse commercial resin-based composites have dominated as dental filling materials. The purpose of the present study was to determine organic and inorganic eluates from five restorative materials using GC/MS and ICP–OES and to compare the effect on cell survival of human gingival fibroblasts of a conventional and a bioactive resin. Five commercially available restorative materials were employed for this study: ActivaTM Bioactive Restorative, ENA HRi, Enamel plus HRi Biofunction, Fuji II LC Capsule, and Fuji IX Capsule. Disks that were polymerized with a curing LED light or left to set were immersed in: 1 mL methanol or artificial saliva for GC/MS analysis, 5mL deionized water for ICP–OES, and 5mL of culture medium for cell viability. Cell viability was investigated with a modified staining sulforhodamine B assay.The following organic substances were detected: ACP, BHT, BPA, 1,4-BDDMA, CQ, DBP, DMABEE, HEMA, MCE, MeHQ, MOPA, MS, TMPTMA, and TPSb and the ions silicon, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and barium. Activa Bioactive Restorative was found to be biocompatible. Elution of organic substances depended on material’s composition, the nature of the solvent and the storage time. Ions’ release depended on material’s composition and storage time. The newly introduced bioactive restorative was found to be more biocompatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Roussou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.R.); (A.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Alexandros K. Nikolaidis
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (F.Z.); (E.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-999616
| | - Fani Ziouti
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (F.Z.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Aristidis Arhakis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.R.); (A.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Konstantinos Arapostathis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.R.); (A.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Elisabeth A. Koulaouzidou
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (F.Z.); (E.A.K.)
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Effect of curing mode on the conversion and IIT-derived mechanical properties of core build-up resin composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 123:104757. [PMID: 34375795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of conversion and the mechanical properties of five composite core build-up materials polymerized in dual-curing and self-curing modes. The materials tested were: Clearfil DC Core Plus (CF), Gradia Core (GC), Luxacore-Z Dual Smartmix (LX), Multicore Flow (MC) and Paracore (PC). Disk-shaped specimens were prepared from each material; half the specimens were light-cured, whereas the rest were only self-cured. After a 3-week storage period (dark/dry/37 °C) the Martens Hardness, Indentation Modulus, and Elastic Index were determined by instrumented indentation testing (IIT), while the degree of conversion was assessed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed by 2-way ANOVA and post-hoc testing (α = 0.05). The dual-curing mode resulted in statistically higher Martens Hardness and Elastic Index than the self-curing mode in most materials but showed insignificant differences in Indentation Modulus. MC and PC demonstrated significantly higher degree of conversion in both curing modes. Overall, the self-curing mode was inferior to the dual-curing in conversion and mechanical properties for most products, despite their differences in monomer composition and filler loading.
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Surface Integrity of Dimethacrylate Composite Resins with Low Shrinkage Comonomers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071614. [PMID: 33810268 PMCID: PMC8037145 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of current research was to investigate the influence of adding low shrinkage “Phene” like comonomers hexaethylene glycol bis(carbamate-isoproply-α-methylstyrene) (HE-Phene) and triethylene glycol bis(carbamate-isoproply-α-methylstyrene) (TE-Phene) on the surface and color characteristics of composite resin. A range of weight fractions (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 wt.%) of HE/TE-Phene monomers were mixed with bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomer. Experimental composite resins were made by mixing 71 wt.% of silica fillers to 29 wt.% of the resin matrix. A Vickers indenter and glossmeter were used for testing surface hardness (SH) and gloss (SG) at 60°. A chewing-simulator was used to evaluate the surface wear after 15,000 cycles. Color change (∆E) and translucency parameter (TP) were measured using a spectrophotometer. Data showed that HE/TE-Phene monomer had no negative impact (p > 0.05) on surface gloss, wear, color change and translucency of experimental composite resins. Surface hardness was in a reducing direction with the increas in HE/TE-Phene weight fraction (p < 0.05). The study results suggested that incorporating HE/TE-Phene monomers up to 30 wt.% with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin did not negatively influence the surface integrity of composite resins except for SH.
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Surface Characteristics and Color Stability of Gingiva-Colored Resin Composites. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112540. [PMID: 32503174 PMCID: PMC7321486 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface characteristics and color stability of gingiva-colored composite restorative materials (Anaxgum—ANG, Ceramage—CMG and Gradia Gum—GRG). The microstructure, composition, degree of conversion (DC %) and 3D roughness (Sa, Sz, Sdr, Sc) were examined by LV-SEM/EDS, ATR-FTIR and optical profilometry, respectively. For the color stability (CIE L*, a*, b* system) and hardness (HV), measurements were performed at baseline and after 30 days storage in distilled water, coffee and red wine. The ANG and GRG contain prepolymerized particles in aromatic and aliphatic resin matrices, respectively, whereas CMG contains inorganic zirconia silicate/silica particles, in an aromatic resin matrix, with a smaller particle size and a higher surface area fraction. Urethane monomers were mainly identified in CMG and GRG. The DC% showed statistically insignificant differences between the materials. The same applied for the roughness parameters, except for the greatest Sdr in CMG. ANG showed a color difference (ΔE) of > 3.3 after immersion in all media, CMG in coffee and wine and GRG only in coffee. Sc was the only roughness parameter demonstrating correlations with the ΔL*, Δb* and ΔE*. The HV values showed insignificant differences between the storage conditions per material. There are important differences in the color stability of the materials tested, which were mostly affected by the roughness parameters due to variations in their microstructure.
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He J, Garoushi S, Säilynoja E, Vallittu PK, Lassila L. Physicochemical properties of dimethacrylate resin composites with comonomer of Hexa/Tri-ethylene glycol bis(carbamate-isoproply-α-methylstyrene). J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 108:103832. [PMID: 32469727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
New photocurable "Phene" like monomers Hexaethylene glycol bis(carbamate-isoproply-α-methylstyrene) (HE-Phene) and Triethylene glycol bis(carbamate-isoproply-α-methylstyrene) (TE-Phene) were synthesized and incorporated into Bis-GMA/TEGDMA with the aim of reducing polymerization shrinkage without detriment to the physical and handling properties of the resin composites. Phene like monomers (HE/TE-Phene) were synthesized through a one-step reaction route, and their structures were confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectra. HE/TE-Phene were incorporated into Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (50/50,wt/wt) with a series of mass fraction (from 0 wt.% to 40 wt.%). Experimental resin composites were prepared by mixing 29 wt.% of resin matrix to 71 wt.% of particulate-fillers. Degree of conversion (DC) was determined by FT-IR analysis. The volumetric shrinkage (VS) was calculated as a buoyancy change in distilled water by means of the Archimedes principle. Polymerization shrinkage-stress (SS) was measured using the tensilometer technique. The flexural strength (FS), modulus (FM), and fracture toughness (FT) were measured using a three-point bending setup. Viscosity was analyzed with a rotating disk rheometer. Water sorption and solubility were also measured. ANOVA analysis showed that DC (after 40 s), VS, and SS were in a trend of decreasing with the increasing of HE/TE-Phene concentration. In general, the experimental resin composites had comparable FT, FS and FM (p > 0.05) when the mass fraction of HE/TE-Phene in resin matrix was not more than 30 wt.%. The overall tested properties prove that including HE/TE-Phene up to 30 wt.% into Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin could be potentially useful in the formulation of low-shrinkage resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei He
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Säilynoja
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Research Development and Production Department, Stick Tech Ltd - Member of GC Group, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Jardim RN, Rocha AA, Rossi AM, de Almeida Neves A, Portela MB, Lopes RT, Pires Dos Santos TM, Xing Y, Moreira da Silva E. Fabrication and characterization of remineralizing dental composites containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 109:103817. [PMID: 32543392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize dental composites containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HApNPs). Four dental composites were produced from the same organic matrix (70 wt% Bis-GMA and 30 wt% TEGDMA), with partial replacement of BaBSi particles (65 wt%) by HApNPs in the following concentrations (wt%): E0 (0) - control, E10 (10), E20 (20) and E30 (30). Ca2+ and PO43- release was evaluated in solutions with different pHs (4, 5.5, and 7) using atomic emission spectroscopy with microwave-induced nitrogen plasma while the enamel remineralization potential was evaluated in caries-like enamel lesions induced by S. mutans biofilm using micro-CT. The following properties were characterized: degree of conversion (DC%), microhardness (KHN), flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (EM) and translucency (TP). The higher the HApNPs content, the higher the Ca2+ and PO43- release. The ions release was influenced by pH (4 > 5.5 > 7) (p < 0.05). All composites loaded with HApNPs were able to remineralize the enamel (E30 = E20 > E10) (p < 0.05). Contrarily, E0 was not able of recovering the enamel mineral loss. E0 and E10 presented highest DC%, while E20 and E30 showed similar and lowest DC%. KHN and FS were decreased with the addition of HApNPs, while EM was not influenced by the incorporation of HApNPs. E10 presented statistically similar TP to E0, while this property decreased for E20 and E30 (p < 0.05). Incorporation of HApNPs into dental composites promoted enamel remineralization, mainly at potentially cariogenic pH (= 4), while maintained their overall performance in terms of physicomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Nunes Jardim
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anderson Araújo Rocha
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and NAB - Nucleus of Biomass Studies and Water Management - Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Aline de Almeida Neves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Paediatric Dentistry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maristela Barbosa Portela
- Odontopediatric Division, School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Laboratory for Nuclear Instrumentation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Yutao Xing
- High-resolution Electron Microscopy Lab, Advanced Characterization Center for Petroleum Industry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Moreira da Silva
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Vouzara T, Roussou K, Nikolaidis AK, Tolidis K, Koulaouzidou EA. Organic Eluates Derived from Intermediate Restorative Dental Materials. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071593. [PMID: 32235641 PMCID: PMC7180687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A great number of different types of materials have been used in dentistry as intermediate restoratives. Among them, new resin-based bases have been released in the dental market. The present study focuses on the identification of the organic eluates released from such materials and the study of their surface microstructure in combination with their corresponding elemental composition. For this purpose, the following materials were used:ACTIVA™BioACTIVE-BASE/LINER™, Ketac™Bond Glass Ionomer, SDR™ and Vitrebond™Light Cure Glass Ionomer Liner/Base. Methanolic leachates derived from polymerized materials were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used for the surface monitoring of suitably prepared specimens. The GC-MS analysis revealed the elution of twenty different substances from the three resin-based materials, while none was eluted from the glass ionomer base. The SEM analysis for Vitrebond™ presented small pits, the one for Ketac™Bond presented elongated cracks, while no voids were present for ACTIVA™BioACTIVE-BASE/LINER™ and SDR™. Moreover, the resin matrix of some dental materials may inhibit elements' accumulation on the surface layers. Particularly, the detected organic eluents may be related to potential toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllia Vouzara
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Konstantina Roussou
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Alexandros K. Nikolaidis
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Kosmas Tolidis
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Elisabeth A. Koulaouzidou
- Division of Dental Tissues’ Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.V.); (K.R.); (A.K.N.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-999-616
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Barszczewska-Rybarek IM. A Guide through the Dental Dimethacrylate Polymer Network Structural Characterization and Interpretation of Physico-Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E4057. [PMID: 31817410 PMCID: PMC6947234 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Material characterization by the determination of relationships between structure and properties at different scales is essential for contemporary material engineering. This review article provides a summary of such studies on dimethacrylate polymer networks. These polymers serve as photocuring organic matrices in the composite dental restorative materials. The polymer network structure was discussed from the perspective of the following three aspects: the chemical structure, molecular structure (characterized by the degree of conversion and crosslink density (chemical as well as physical)), and supramolecular structure (characterized by the microgel agglomerate dimensions). Instrumental techniques and methodologies currently used for the determination of particular structural parameters were summarized. The influence of those parameters as well as the role of hydrogen bonding on basic mechanical properties of dimethacrylate polymer networks were finally demonstrated. Mechanical strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness, and impact resistance were discussed. The issue of the relationship between chemical structure and water sorption was also addressed.
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He J, Garoushi S, Säilynoja E, Vallittu PK, Lassila L. The effect of adding a new monomer “Phene” on the polymerization shrinkage reduction of a dental resin composite. Dent Mater 2019; 35:627-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Characterization of low-shrinkage dental composites containing methacrylethyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (ME-POSS). J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 90:566-574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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