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Lee S, Ntakiyisumba E, Seol JW, Won G. Risk factors influencing swine influenza A virus infection in South Korea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and seroprevalence. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1003351. [PMID: 36246324 PMCID: PMC9559919 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1003351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The past and current burden of swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) must be estimated since pigs act as mixing vessels and are considered a potential source of newly emerging IAV variants. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to integrate data on the prevalence and seroprevalence of swIAV in South Korean domestic pigs and evaluate important risk factors that influence these outcomes. Eight databases were searched for studies that evaluated the prevalence and seroprevalence of swIAV in South Korean pigs using a specified search string; twenty-seven eligible studies were identified after application of a set of pre-determined inclusion criteria by three authors. The reported prevalence and seroprevalence were pooled separately in proportions between 0 and 1, using a random-effect meta-analysis. To identify and quantify potential sources of heterogeneity, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses were conducted using covariates (publication type, swIAV subtype, growth stage of pigs, sampling region, publication year, sampling season, facility, detection method, sample type, and sample size). The overall prevalence and seroprevalence in domestic pigs were 0.05 [95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.05-0.12] and 0.35 (95% CIs: 0.14-0.63), respectively. To identify the impact of covariates on effect size, a suitable meta-regression model was determined using predictor importance estimates with corrected Akaike information criterion values. Consequently, the best-fit model included two covariates, publication year and sample size, which were significantly associated with high heterogeneity in the subgroup analysis. Furthermore, data visualization depicted a significant non-linear association between swIAV prevalence and seroprevalence and specific growth stages of pigs. These findings suggest that the periodic monitoring of pigs at different growth stages in large farms may help to establish the status of swIAV-spread across species in the region, and thereby minimize pandemic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gayeon Won
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
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2
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Santinha G, Forte T, Gomes A. Willingness to Work during Public Health Emergencies: A Systematic Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081500. [PMID: 36011158 PMCID: PMC9408569 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the factors underlying the willingness or lack thereof to respond to public health emergencies is paramount to informing more capable health services. The interest in this topic appears renewed with each surge of threat, either referring to natural disasters, man-made violence, or epidemic and pandemics. However, there is no systematic approach to the research patterns and related main findings concerning individual and contextual determinants. The present article contributes to this theme through a systematic literature review of a sample of 150 articles published in the last 30 years on the subject of willingness and preparedness of health professionals to deal with public health threats. Our findings show that the research is mainly phenomena and contextual driven, responding to whichever emergency threat is more salient in a given period. Geographically, research on this topic is led by USA and China, mostly solely, while European countries invest in collaborations that are more international. Universities, including health institutes and schools, and researchers at hospitals conduct most of the research on the topic. The main research areas are medicine, psychology, and psychiatry. Pandemics, including COVID-19, influenza, and natural disasters, are the phenomena gauging more attention as opposed to terrorism events and biological accidents. The specific role of health professionals within the institution, their belief in ethical duties, preparation training, and concerns regarding infection of self and family are the main variables influencing the willingness and ability to report to work in public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Santinha
- GOVCOPP, Department of Social, Political and Territorial, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Forte
- Department of Social, Political and Territorial Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ariana Gomes
- Department of Social, Political and Territorial Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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3
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Maleki A, Russo G, Parasiliti Palumbo GA, Pappalardo F. In silico design of recombinant multi-epitope vaccine against influenza A virus. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 22:617. [PMID: 35109785 PMCID: PMC8808469 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A virus is one of the leading causes of annual mortality. The emerging of novel escape variants of the influenza A virus is still a considerable challenge in the annual process of vaccine production. The evolution of vaccines ranks among the most critical successes in medicine and has eradicated numerous infectious diseases. Recently, multi-epitope vaccines, which are based on the selection of epitopes, have been increasingly investigated.
Results This study utilized an immunoinformatic approach to design a recombinant multi-epitope vaccine based on a highly conserved epitope of hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and membrane matrix proteins with fewer changes or mutate over time. The potential B cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and CD4 T cell epitopes were identified. The recombinant multi-epitope vaccine was designed using specific linkers and a proper adjuvant. Moreover, some bioinformatics online servers and datasets were used to evaluate the immunogenicity and chemical properties of selected epitopes. In addition, Universal Immune System Simulator (UISS) in silico trial computational framework was run after influenza exposure and recombinant multi-epitope vaccine administration, showing a good immune response in terms of immunoglobulins of class G (IgG), T Helper 1 cells (TH1), epithelial cells (EP) and interferon gamma (IFN-g) levels. Furthermore, after a reverse translation (i.e., convertion of amino acid sequence to nucleotide one) and codon optimization phase, the optimized sequence was placed between the two EcoRV/MscI restriction sites in the PET32a+ vector. Conclusions The proposed “Recombinant multi-epitope vaccine” was predicted with unique and acceptable immunological properties. This recombinant multi-epitope vaccine can be successfully expressed in the prokaryotic system and accepted for immunogenicity studies against the influenza virus at the in silico level. The multi-epitope vaccine was then tested with the Universal Immune System Simulator (UISS) in silico trial platform. It revealed slight immune protection against the influenza virus, shedding the light that a multistep bioinformatics approach including molecular and cellular level is mandatory to avoid inappropriate vaccine efficacy predictions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04581-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisa Maleki
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Pappalardo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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4
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Gwee SXW, Chua PEY, Wang MX, Pang J. Impact of travel ban implementation on COVID-19 spread in Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea during the early phase of the pandemic: a comparative study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:799. [PMID: 34380452 PMCID: PMC8355580 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has elicited imposition of some form of travel restrictions by almost all countries in the world. Most restrictions currently persist, although some have been gradually eased. It remains unclear if the trade-off from the unprecedented disruption to air travel was well worth for pandemic containment. Method A comparative analysis was conducted on Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and South Korea’s COVID-19 response. Data on COVID-19 cases, travel-related and community interventions, socio-economic profile were consolidated. Trends on imported and local cases were analyzed using computations of moving averages, rate of change, particularly in response to distinct waves of travel-related interventions due to the outbreak in China, South Korea, Iran & Italy, and Europe. Results South Korea’s travel restrictions were observed to be consistently more lagged in terms of timeliness and magnitude, with their first wave of travel restrictions on flights departing from China implemented 34 days after the outbreak in Wuhan, compared to 22–26 days taken by Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong. South Korea’s restrictions against all countries came after 91 days, compared to 78–80 days for the other three countries. The rate of change of imported cases fell by 1.08–1.43 across all four countries following the first wave of travel restrictions on departures from China, and by 0.22–0.52 in all countries except South Korea in the fifth wave against all international travellers. Delayed rate of change of local cases resulting from travel restrictions imposed by the four countries with intrinsic importation risk, were not observed. Conclusions Travel restriction was effective in preventing COVID-19 case importation in early outbreak phase, but may still be limited in preventing general local transmission. The impact of travel restrictions, regardless of promptness, in containing epidemics likely also depends on the effectiveness of local surveillance and non-pharmaceutical interventions concurrently implemented. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06449-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Xiao Wei Gwee
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Pearleen Ee Yong Chua
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Min Xian Wang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Junxiong Pang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore. .,Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
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Trinh TTT, Duong BT, Nguyen ATV, Tuong HT, Hoang VT, Than DD, Nam S, Sung HW, Yun KJ, Yeo SJ, Park H. Emergence of Novel Reassortant H1N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Korean Wild Ducks in 2018 and 2019. Viruses 2020; 13:v13010030. [PMID: 33375376 PMCID: PMC7823676 DOI: 10.3390/v13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 has caused global pandemics like the “Spanish flu” in 1918 and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic several times. H1N1 remains in circulation and survives in multiple animal sources, including wild birds. Surveillance during the winter of 2018–2019 in Korea revealed two H1N1 isolates in samples collected from wild bird feces: KNU18-64 (A/Greater white-fronted goose/South Korea/KNU18-64/2018(H1N1)) and WKU19-4 (A/wild bird/South Korea/WKU19-4/2019(H1N1)). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that M gene of KNU18-64(H1N1) isolate resembles that of the Alaskan avian influenza virus, whereas WKU19-4(H1N1) appears to be closer to the Mongolian virus. Molecular characterization revealed that they harbor the amino acid sequence PSIQRS↓GLF and are low-pathogenicity influenza viruses. In particular, the two isolates harbored three different mutation sites, indicating that they have different virulence characteristics. The mutations in the PB1-F2 and PA protein of WKU19-4(H1N1) indicate increasing polymerase activity. These results corroborate the kinetic growth data for WKU19-4 in MDCK cells: a dramatic increase in the viral titer after 12 h post-inoculation compared with that in the control group H1N1 (CA/04/09(pdm09)). The KNU18-64(H1N1) isolate carries mutations indicating an increase in mammal adaptation; this characterization was confirmed by the animal study in mice. The KNU18-64(H1N1) group showed the presence of viruses in the lungs at days 3 and 6 post-infection, with titers of 2.71 ± 0.16 and 3.71 ± 0.25 log10(TCID50/mL), respectively, whereas the virus was only detected in the WKU19-4(H1N1) group at day 6 post-infection, with a lower titer of 2.75 ± 0.51 log10(TCID50/mL). The present study supports the theory that there is a relationship between Korea and America with regard to reassortment to produce novel viral strains. Therefore, there is a need for increased surveillance of influenza virus circulation in free-flying and wild land-based birds in Korea, particularly with regard to Alaskan and Asian strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Tien Thi Trinh
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (T.-T.T.T.); (B.T.D.); (A.T.V.N.); (H.T.T.); (V.T.H.); (D.D.T.)
| | - Bao Tuan Duong
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (T.-T.T.T.); (B.T.D.); (A.T.V.N.); (H.T.T.); (V.T.H.); (D.D.T.)
| | - Anh Thi Viet Nguyen
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (T.-T.T.T.); (B.T.D.); (A.T.V.N.); (H.T.T.); (V.T.H.); (D.D.T.)
| | - Hien Thi Tuong
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (T.-T.T.T.); (B.T.D.); (A.T.V.N.); (H.T.T.); (V.T.H.); (D.D.T.)
| | - Vui Thi Hoang
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (T.-T.T.T.); (B.T.D.); (A.T.V.N.); (H.T.T.); (V.T.H.); (D.D.T.)
| | - Duong Duc Than
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (T.-T.T.T.); (B.T.D.); (A.T.V.N.); (H.T.T.); (V.T.H.); (D.D.T.)
| | - SunJeong Nam
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea;
| | - Ki-Jung Yun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea;
| | - Seon-Ju Yeo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.Y.); (H.P.)
| | - Hyun Park
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (T.-T.T.T.); (B.T.D.); (A.T.V.N.); (H.T.T.); (V.T.H.); (D.D.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.Y.); (H.P.)
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Kim YC, Jeong MJ, Jeong BH. Genetic association between the rs12252 SNP of the interferon-induced transmembrane protein gene and influenza A virus infection in the Korean population. Mol Cell Toxicol 2020; 17:51-57. [PMID: 33169083 PMCID: PMC7640581 DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a potent host antiviral effector protein that blocks the invasion of various viruses, including the influenza A virus (IAV). The C allele of the rs12252 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) shows vulnerability to the pandemic 2009 H1N1 IAV in European and Asian populations. Objective Here, we estimated the disease susceptibility of the rs12252 SNP with the pandemic 2009 H1N1 IAV infection in the Korean population. Results We carried out direct sequencing of the IFITM3 gene and compared the genotype and allele frequencies of the rs12252 SNP of the IFITM3 gene in healthy Koreans and pandemic 2009 H1N1 IAV-infected patients. Notably, we observed that healthy individuals had a similar genotype distribution of the rs12252 SNP (P = 0.140) as patients. The dominant model and recessive model did not find a statistically significant difference in genotype distribution between healthy individuals and patients. In addition, the allele distribution of the rs12252 SNP of in healthy individuals and patients also showed a similar genetic distribution (P = 0.757). However, the genetic distribution of rs12252 SNP in merged patient group (Koreans and Chinese populations) showed significant association with susceptibility of pandemic 2009 IAV (P = 0.0393). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this was the first evaluation of the susceptibility of the pandemic 2009 H1N1 IAV in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531 Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531 Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531 Republic of Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea
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Kim H. The sociopolitical context of the COVID-19 response in South Korea. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:bmjgh-2020-002714. [PMID: 32404471 PMCID: PMC7228497 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Kim
- Global Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Mousavi T, Moosazadeh M, Nadi Ghara AA, Haghshenas M, Roozbeh F. Estimating Mortality Incidence for the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic: A Metaanalysis from 21 Countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x15666190112100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahoora Mousavi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Nadi Ghara
- Health Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Haghshenas
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular and Cell-Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Choi JG, Jin YH, Lee H, Oh TW, Yim NH, Cho WK, Ma JY. Protective Effect of Panax notoginseng Root Water Extract against Influenza A Virus Infection by Enhancing Antiviral Interferon-Mediated Immune Responses and Natural Killer Cell Activity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1542. [PMID: 29181006 PMCID: PMC5693858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by the influenza A virus, which causes economic losses and social disruption mainly by increasing hospitalization and mortality rates among the elderly and people with chronic diseases. Influenza vaccines are the most effective means of preventing seasonal influenza, but can be completely ineffective if there is an antigenic mismatch between the seasonal vaccine virus and the virus circulating in the community. In addition, influenza viruses resistant to antiviral drugs are emerging worldwide. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccines and antiviral drugs against these viruses. In this study, we conducted in vitro and in vivo analyses of the antiviral effect of Panax notoginseng root (PNR), which is used as an herbal medicine and nutritional supplement in Korea and China. We confirmed that PNR significantly prevented influenza virus infection in a concentration-dependent manner in mouse macrophages. In addition, PNR pretreatment inhibited viral protein (PB1, PB2, HA, NA, M1, PA, M2, and NP) and viral mRNA (NS1, HA, PB2, PA, NP, M1, and M2) expression. PNR pretreatment also increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6] and interferon (IFN)-beta and the phosphorylation of type-I IFN-related proteins (TANK-binding kinase 1, STAT1, and IRF3) in vitro. In mice exposed to the influenza A H1N1 virus, PNR treatment decreased mortality by 90% and prevented weight loss (by approximately 10%) compared with the findings in untreated animals. In addition, splenocytes from PNR-administered mice displayed significantly enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity against YAC-1 cells. Taking these findings together, PNR stimulates an antiviral response in murine macrophages and mice that protects against viral infection, which may be attributable to its ability to stimulate NK cell activity. Further investigations are needed to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of PNR and its components against influenza virus A infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Hee Jin
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Heeeun Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Nam-Hui Yim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, South Korea
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