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Deste Gökay G, Oyar P, Durkan R. Impact of various aging treatments on the microhardness and surface roughness of CAD-CAM monolithic restorative materials. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 38638109 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dental ceramics deteriorate as a result of thermal aging and exposure to acidic solutions, which change their microhardness and surface roughness. This study assessed the resistance of several computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) restorative dental materials in terms of surface roughness and microhardness following exposure to acidic solutions and thermal aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five different monolithic CAD-CAM restorative materials, two leucite-reinforced glass ceramics (G-Ceram and CEREC Blocs), a zirconia-infiltrated lithium silicate (Celtra Duo), a resin nanoceramic (Grandio), and monolithic zirconia (inCoris TZI), were used to create 2-mm-thick rectangular specimens (n = 100). After being immersed in either acidic saliva (pH = 4.0) (ST) or gastric juice (pH = 1.2) (GT), each material was subjected to 10,000 cycles of thermal aging. The Vickers microhardness and average surface roughness of the specimens were assessed at baseline, following thermal aging and exposure to either gastric juice or acidic saliva. The surface properties were examined using an atomic force microscope. The Mann‒Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis (a = 0.05). RESULTS The surface roughness of two leucite-reinforced glass ceramics (G-ceram and CEREC) significantly decreased with ST (p = 0.027 and p = 0.044). Only the CEREC was affected when the aging protocols were compared, and the ST group had a significant reduction in roughness (p = 0.009). The microhardness values significantly decreased after both aging protocols in all groups except for the ST subgroup of G-Ceram. Only inCoris was affected when the aging protocols were compared, and the GT group exhibited a significant reduction in microhardness (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The surface roughness of the tested materials was not affected by the GT. Only leucite ceramics exhibited a decrease in surface roughness in the ST stage. Both aging processes produced a significant decrease in the microhardness of the tested ceramics. Leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic materials may be advantageous for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and those with a diet high in acidic foods due to their lower values for changes in microhardness and surface roughness compared to those of other CAD-CAM materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Deste Gökay
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Perihan Oyar
- Dental Prosthetics Technology, School of Health Services, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Rukiye Durkan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Tzimas K, Rahiotis C, Pappa E. Biofilm Formation on Hybrid, Resin-Based CAD/CAM Materials for Indirect Restorations: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1474. [PMID: 38611989 PMCID: PMC11012497 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid materials are a recent addition in the field of restorative dentistry for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) indirect restorations. The long-term clinical success of modern dental restorative materials is influenced by multiple factors. Among the characteristics affecting the longevity of a restoration, the mechanical properties and physicοchemical interactions are of utmost importance. While numerous researchers constantly evaluate mechanical properties, the biological background of resin-based CAD/CAM biomaterials is scarcely investigated and, therefore, less described in the literature. This review aims to analyze biofilm formation on the surfaces of novel, hybrid, resin-based CAD/CAM materials and evaluate the methodological protocols followed to assess microbial growth. It is demonstrated that the surface structure, the composition and the finishing and polishing procedures on the surface of a dental restorative material influence initial bacterial adhesion; however, most studies focus on in vitro protocols, and in vivo and/or in situ research of microbiomics in CAD/CAM restorative materials is lacking, obstructing an accurate understanding of the bioadhesion phenomenon in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos Rahiotis
- Department of Operative Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.T.); (E.P.)
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Temp RW, Packaeser MG, Machry RV, Dapieve KS, Rippe MP, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Characteristic fatigue strength and reliability of dental glass-ceramics: Effect of distinct surface treatments - Hydrofluoric acid etching and silane treatment vs one-step self-etching ceramic primer. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106338. [PMID: 38159495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to mechanically characterize through flexural fatigue test two CAD-CAM glass-ceramics according to distinct surface etching protocols. To do so, feldspathic (FELD) and lithium disilicate (LD) glass ceramics were subjected to different surface treatments: (1) control - no treatment (Ctrl); (2) conventional protocol etching with 5% hydrofluoric acid followed by silane coupling agent application (HF + SIL; Monobond N, Ivoclar); or (3) using a self-etching ceramic primer (E&P; Monobond Etch & Prime, Ivoclar). Ceramic discs (N = 120; Ø = 12 mm; thickness = 1.2 mm) were produced from CAD-CAM blocks, with 60 being from FELD (VITABLOCS Mark II, Vita Zahnfabrik) and 60 from LD (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar). Next, 20 disks of each ceramic were allocated into three groups: Ctrl, HF + SIL, or E&P. Surface roughness data were collected on all samples before and after surface treatments (except for Ctrl). Cyclic fatigue (n = 15) biaxial flexural strength tests were performed by the piston-on-three-balls geometry (ISO 6872) considering the test parameters established from a monotonic test (n = 5). The monotonic test was carried out at a 1 mm/min loading rate and 500 kgf loading cell until fracture to obtain the failure data. The cyclic fatigue test was executed underwater at a frequency up to 20 Hz, with the first stress being 25% of the monotonic test for 5000 cycles, followed by increments of 5% of the monotonic test at each step of 10,000 cycles until failure (fracture). Complementary fractography, topography and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analyses were performed. Characteristic Fatigue Strength (CFS) and Weibull modulus were analyzed by Weibull analysis using the fatigue test data. Roughness and complementary analysis data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The statistical results exhibited similar CFS among Ctrl, HF + SIL and E&P for both glass-ceramics. The survival analysis corroborates the findings, however the Weibull modulus pointed out superior structural reliability of FELD treated with the E&P group compared to HF + SIL. According to the complementary analyses, HF + SIL exhibited a higher surface area than E&P and Ctrl for FELD (p = 0.001). Roughness showed statistically significant differences among conditions for FELD (E&P < Ctrl = HF + SIL; p < 0.05) and no difference for LD (p > 0.05). Therefore, the CFS were not influenced by any condition evaluated for FELD and LD glass-ceramics; however, superior structural reliability (higher Weibull modulus) for the feldspathic ceramic treated with the E&P was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renatta Wrasse Temp
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Packaeser
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Renan Vaz Machry
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Kiara Serafini Dapieve
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Pivetta Rippe
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Unit), Faculty of Odontology, Center for Development of Advanced Materials, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Elmokadem MI, Haggag KM, Mohamed HR. Effect of Thermo-mechanical Cycling on Fracture Resistance of Different CAD/CAM Crowns: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25:29-34. [PMID: 38514428 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC) on fracture resistance of different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 42 CAD/CAM crowns were fabricated on epoxy resin maxillary first premolar teeth and divided into three groups (n = 14) according to the material used: IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) lithium disilicate (LD), Vita ENAMIC (VE) (VITA Zahnfabrik), Tetric CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent). Also, each group was subdivided into two equal subgroups according to TMC (n = 7). Subgroups (O) without TMC and subgroup (W) with TMC (5-55°C, 30 second, 75,000 cycles). All samples in each group were cemented with a universal bond (Tetric N bond universal) and adhesive resin cement (Variolink Esthetic DC) (Ivoclar Vivadent). Subsequently, the samples were loaded to failure in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, and the fracture pattern and the fracture resistance in each group were recorded. RESULTS Fracture resistance was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, followed by Tukey's post hoc test for pairwise comparison. Fracture resistance showed a significant difference between the tested groups before and after TMC; IPS e.max CAD has the highest value (1233.35 ± 97.72, 1165.73 ± 199.54 N) followed by Tetric CAD (927.62 ± 42.5, 992.04 ± 53.46 N) and Vita ENAMIC has lowest value (506.49 ± 74.24, 354.69 ± 90.36 N). CONCLUSION Thermo-mechanical cycling affected the fracture resistance of both polymer-based CAD/CAM crowns. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE For dental practitioners, both IPS e.max CAD and Tetric CAD can be used clinically for posterior teeth, providing satisfactory results and resistance to fracture. How to cite this article: Elmokadem MI, Haggag KM, Mohamed HR. Effect of Thermo-mechanical Cycling on Fracture Resistance of Different CAD/CAM Crowns: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):29-34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Elmokadem
- Department of Crown and Bridge, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Phone: +20 1005840669, e-mail: , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6672-5994
| | - Khaled M Haggag
- Department of Crown and Bridge, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein Ramadan Mohamed
- Department of Crown and Bridge, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kobayashi M, Niizuma Y, Sugai R, Manabe A. Influence of the Crystallization Firing Process on Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Silicate-based Glass-ceramic Inlays Fabricated With a CAD/CAM Chairside System. Oper Dent 2023; 48:657-665. [PMID: 37882476 DOI: 10.2341/22-120-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems are widely used in dental treatment. Clinicians can use chairside CAD/CAM technology, which has the advantage of being able to fabricate inlays on the same day. We aimed to evaluate the effects of crystallization firing processes, fabrication methods (one-step and two-step), and materials on marginal and internal adaptations of silicate-based glass-ceramic all-ceramic inlays fabricated with CAD/CAM chairside systems. METHODS Ten artificial mandibular left first molars were prepared with standardized ceramic class II mesialocclusal (MO) inlay cavities. Optical impressions were obtained using CEREC Omnicam Ban. IPS e-max CAD (IE), (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Initial LiSi Block (LS) (Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan), VITA Suprinity (SP), (Vita Zahnfabrick, Bad Säckingen, Germany), and Celtra Duo (CD) (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) (n=10) were milled using CEREC MC XL (Bensheim, Germany). IE and SP were crystallization-fired using CEREC Speed Fire. The silicone replica technique was used for the measurement of internal (axial and pulpal walls) and marginal (cervical and occlusal edge) adaptations. The adaptations were measured using a thin layer of light-body polyvinyl siloxane impression material placed between the master tooth inlay preparation and restoration. Marginal and internal adaptations of IE, LS, SP, and CD were measured using a stereomicroscope (500×). For IE and SP, marginal and internal adaptations were measured before and after the crystallization firing process. Data analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test. For IE and SP, marginal and internal adaptations before and after the crystallization firing process were analyzed using the t-test. The significance level was set at α=0.05. RESULTS One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in occlusal and cervical edge marginal adaptations among the material groups (p<0.001). The Tukey HSD test revealed a significant difference in marginal occlusal and cervical edge adaptations between LS and CD groups and IE and SP groups (p≤0.05). For IE and SP inlays, the t-test revealed a significant difference between occlusal and cervical edge adaptations before the crystallization firing process and those after the crystallization firing process, with the latter group showing a more significant discrepancy in adaptation than the former group (p≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS Fabrication methods (one- and two-step) affected the marginal adaptation compatibility but not internal compatibility of MO inlays. The crystallization firing process affected the marginal adaptation of inlays using lithium silicate or lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. However, adaptation to the cavity was considered clinically acceptable for all materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kobayashi
- *Mikihiro Kobayashi, DDS, PhD, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Niizuma
- Yuiko Niizuma, DDS, PhD, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Sugai
- Rintaro Sugai, DDS, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Manabe
- Atsufumi Manabe, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Juri AZ, Song XF, Nakanishi Y, Dudley J, Jamieson L, Yin L. Surface fractures in pre-crystallized and crystallized zirconia-containing lithium silicate glass-ceramics generated in ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106132. [PMID: 37776763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Machining-induced surface fractures in ceramic restorations is a long-standing problem in dentistry, affecting the restorations' functionality and reliability. This study approached a novel ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining technique to zirconia-containing lithium silicate glass-ceramics (ZLS) and characterized its induced surface fracture topographies and morphologies to understand the microstructure-property-processing relations. The materials were processed using a digitally controlled ultrasonic milling machine at a harmonic vibration frequency with different amplitudes. Machining-induced surface fracture topographies were measured with a 3D white light optical profilometer using the arithmetic mean, peak and valley, and maximum heights, as well as the kurtosis and skewness height distributions, and the texture aspect ratios. Fracture morphologies were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface fracture topographies were significantly dependent on the material microstructure, the mechanical properties, and the ultrasonic machining vibration amplitudes. Larger scale fractures with higher arithmetic mean, peak and valley heights, and kurtosis and skewness height distributions were induced in higher brittleness indexed pre-crystallized ZLS than lower indexed crystallized ZLS by conventional machining. Conchoidal fractures occurred in pre-crystallized ZLS while microcracks were found in crystallized state although brittle fractures mixed with localized ductile flow deformations dominated all machined ZLS surfaces. Ultrasonic machining at an ideal vibration amplitude resulted in more ductile removal, reducing fractured-induced peaks and valleys for both materials than conventional processing. This research demonstrates the microstructure-property-processing interdependence for ZLS materials and the novel machining technique to be superior to current processing, reducing fractures in the materials and potentially advancing dental CAD/CAM techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifah Z Juri
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xiao-Fei Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Yoshitaka Nakanishi
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - James Dudley
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Ling Yin
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Sürer E, Ünal M, Gül Aygün EB, Ucar Y. Evaluating the conversion degree of interim restorative materials produced by different 3-dimensional printer technologies. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:654.e1-654.e6. [PMID: 37563026 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Three-dimensional (3D) printers are a relatively new technology, but the degree of conversion (DC) of the resin specimens produced by using this method is currently unknown. However, the DC of resin interim restorative materials is critical for their biocompatibility and physical properties. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the DC of interim restorative materials produced by using different 3D printer technologies and compare them with conventionally manufactured polymethyl methacrylate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Stereolithography, digital light processing, and liquid crystal display 3D printers were used as experimental groups, and a conventional (C) method was used as the control. Five different 3D printers (DWS Systems, Formlabs [FL], Asiga, Mega, and Vega) were included. The 3D printed specimens were designed in a rectangular prism geometry (10×4×2.5 mm) by using a computer-aided design software program (Materialise 3-matic) and printed with a layer thickness of 50 µm in the horizontal direction (n=15). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra were measured in 3 steps: the liquid state of the resins, after washing with 99% isopropanol, and after final polymerization. For the C method, FT-IR spectra were assessed in 2 steps: immediately after mixing the liquid and powder and after polymerization. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with 1-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test (α=.05). RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in DC values between the 3D printed groups (P>.05). There was a statistically significant difference only between FL and the C in terms of DC (P=.042). CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensionally printed interim resin materials found comparable results with those of the C group. The DC was not affected by different 3D printing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Sürer
- Research Assistant, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ünal
- Research Assistant, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Esma Başak Gül Aygün
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Yurdanur Ucar
- Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey; and Private practice, Antalya, Turkey
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Jurado CA, Amarillas-Gastelum C, Tonin BSH, Nielson G, Afrashtehfar KI, Fischer NG. Traditional versus conservative endodontic access impact on fracture resistance of chairside CAD-CAM lithium disilicate anterior crowns: An in vitro study. J Prosthodont 2023; 32:728-734. [PMID: 36471494 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of traditional and conservative endodontic access hole preparation on fracture resistance of chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) lithium disilicate maxillary right central incisor crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-seven milled lithium disilicate maxillary right central incisor crowns were designed and fabricated with a chairside CAD-CAM system (Planmeca Romexis, Planmeca). The abutment preparation had a 1.0 mm incisal reduction and 1.0 mm chamfer finish. The restorations were bonded with resin cement to printed resin dies (n = 19 per group) and were treated and divided into three groups, (1) no endodontic access, (2) traditional triangular endodontic access, and (3) conservative ovoidal endodontic access. The endodontic access of the crowns was sealed with flowable resin composite. Restorations were subjected to 10,000 cycles of thermal cycling between 5° and 55°C. Then, restorations were loaded and exposed to compressive loading force, and the crack initiation (CI) and complete fracture (CF) were recorded. SEM micrographs of broken specimens on the printed dies were captured. ANOVA test and Bonferroni's correction were used for statistical comparison. RESULTS The fracture resistance among the three groups varied. Crowns with no endodontic access displayed significantly (p < 0.001) higher resistance [CI: 1025 (121) N; CF 1134 (127) N], followed by crowns with conservative ovoidal endodontic access [CI: 924 (60) N; CF: 1000 (72) N. Crowns with traditional triangular endodontic access showed the significantly (p < 0.001) lowest fracture resistance [CI: 635 (82) N; CF: 709 (75) N]. CONCLUSION The fracture resistance of chairside CAD-CAM lithium disilicate maxillary anterior crowns is influenced by the type of endodontic access provided. Conservative ovoidal endodontic access provides crowns with higher fracture resistance than traditional triangular endodontic access. Crowns with no endodontic access provided the highest resistance than other types of endodontic access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Jurado
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso Woody L. Hunt School of Dental Medicine, El Paso, Texas
| | | | - Bruna Santos Honório Tonin
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, University of Sao Paulo School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Gentry Nielson
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso Woody L. Hunt School of Dental Medicine, El Paso, Texas
| | - Kelvin I Afrashtehfar
- Clinical Sciences Department, Ajman University Dental College, Ajman City, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas G Fischer
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Abad-Coronel C, Bravo M, Tello S, Cornejo E, Paredes Y, Paltan CA, Fajardo JI. Fracture Resistance Comparative Analysis of Milled-Derived vs. 3D-Printed CAD/CAM Materials for Single-Unit Restorations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3773. [PMID: 37765627 PMCID: PMC10537497 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of a single-unit fixed prosthesis, using a CAD/CAM PMMA material and two printed materials (3DPPa and 3DPPb). A typodont with a specific preparation for a full crown was used; a digital impression was made with a state-of-the-art scanner (PrimeScanTM, Dentsply-SironaTM, New York, NY, USA), and a full coverage restoration was designed using a biogeneric design proposal by means of specific software (InLAB 22.1, Dentsply-Sirona, NY, USA). Sixty crowns were prepared, divided into three groups according to the material: 3DPPa (n = 20), 3DPPb (n = 20), both 3D-printed from the .STL file with a resolution of 50 μm, and PMMA (n = 20) milled-derived, which were subjected to a thermocycling process. A universal testing machine (Universal/Tensile Testing Machine, Autograph AGS-X Series) with integrated software (TRAPEZIUM LITE X) equipped with a 20 kN load cell was used to determine the fracture resistance. Significant differences were found by Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparisons (p < 0.05) in fracture resistance between materials. The fracture resistance for the PMMA material was higher, and the standard deviation was lower (x = 1427.9; sd = 36.9 N) compared to the 3DPPa (x = 1231; sd = 380.1 N) and 3DPPb (x = 1029.9; sd = 166.46 N) prints. The restorations from the milled-derived group showed higher average fracture resistance than the provisional restorations obtained from the printed groups. However, the results demonstrated that all three materials analyzed in single-unit restorations are capable of withstanding the average masticatory forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Abad-Coronel
- CAD/CAM Materials and Digital Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador; (M.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Manuel Bravo
- CAD/CAM Materials and Digital Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador; (M.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Salomé Tello
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador; (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Emilia Cornejo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador; (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Yirelly Paredes
- CAD/CAM Materials and Digital Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador; (M.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Cesar A. Paltan
- New Materials and Transformation Processes Research Group GiMaT, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador; (C.A.P.); (J.I.F.)
| | - Jorge I. Fajardo
- New Materials and Transformation Processes Research Group GiMaT, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador; (C.A.P.); (J.I.F.)
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Rexhepi I, Santilli M, D’Addazio G, Tafuri G, Manciocchi E, Caputi S, Sinjari B. Clinical Applications and Mechanical Properties of CAD-CAM Materials in Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry: A Systematic Review. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:431. [PMID: 37623675 PMCID: PMC10455074 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical outcomes of dental restorations depend primarily on the choice of materials used, and nowadays, dental CAD-CAM (Computer-Aided Design Computer-Aided Manufacturing) materials have strongly changed daily clinical practice. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze CAD-CAM dental materials according to their mechanical properties and in relation to their clinical applications. A literature review was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library. Articles addressing at least one of the following topics regarding dental materials for CAD-CAM systems: manufacturers, mechanical features, materials' composition, optical properties, clinical indications, and/or outcomes were included in the review. A flowchart was performed as described in the PRISMA guidelines. Among the 564 articles found, 63 were analyzed and evaluated. Within the limitations of this systematic review, it can be concluded that CAD-CAM materials present a wide range of clinical applications due to their improved mechanical properties. Specifically, in addition to materials that have been in use for a long time (such as feldspathic ceramics), resin block composites can also be used for permanent restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imena Rexhepi
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.); (G.T.); (E.M.); (S.C.)
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Manlio Santilli
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.); (G.T.); (E.M.); (S.C.)
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianmaria D’Addazio
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.); (G.T.); (E.M.); (S.C.)
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tafuri
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.); (G.T.); (E.M.); (S.C.)
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Eugenio Manciocchi
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.); (G.T.); (E.M.); (S.C.)
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sergio Caputi
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.); (G.T.); (E.M.); (S.C.)
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Bruna Sinjari
- Unit of Prosthodontics, Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (I.R.); (M.S.); (G.D.); (G.T.); (E.M.); (S.C.)
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Alamoush RA, Salim NA, Elraggal A, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. The effect of water storage on nanoindentation creep of various CAD-CAM composite blocks. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:543. [PMID: 37550631 PMCID: PMC10408048 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the effect of water storage (3 months) on the creep deformation of various CAD-CAM composite structures at the nanoscale and compare it to that at the macroscale. METHODS Seven CAD-CAM blocks were investigated: five resin-composite blocks (RCB), one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block, and one ceramic-filled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) block. Specimens of each material (n = 6) were separated into two groups (n = 3) according to their storage conditions (24 h dry storage at 23˚C and 3 months storage in 37˚C distilled water). Nano-indentation creep measurements were undertaken (creep depth measured in µm) using a nanoindenter (Nanovea) equipped with Berkovich three-sided pyramidal diamond tip. The machine was set for the chosen parameters: a load of 20 gf, a pause of 20 s, and the material type. Thirty indentations on 3 samples were made for each material for each test. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests and independent t-test (< 0.05) for comparisons between the materials. RESULTS The nanoindentation creep depth after 24 h storage ranged from 0.09 to 0.33 μm and increased after 3 months storage in distilled water to between 0.28 and 3.46 μm. There was a statistically significant difference in nanoindentation creep behaviour between the two storage conditions for each investigated material (independent t-test) and between all materials (Bonferroni post hoc). There was a non-significant negative correlation between nanoindentation creep (µm) and filler weight% at 24 h dry storage but a significant correlation at 3 months of water storage. A further non-significant positive correlation between nanoindentation creep (µm) and bulk compressive creep (%) was found. CONCLUSION The PICN material showed superior dimensional stability in terms of nanoindentation creep depth in both storage conditions. Other composite blocks showed comparable performance at 24 h dry condition, but an increased nanoindentation creep upon water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Alamoush
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Nesreen A Salim
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Alaaeldin Elraggal
- Operative Dentistry, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Julian D Satterthwaite
- Division Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Division Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Lukomska-Szymanska M, Radwanski M, Kharouf N, Mancino D, Tassery H, Caporossi C, Inchingolo F, de Almeida Neves A, Chou YF, Sauro S. Evaluation of Physical-Chemical Properties of Contemporary CAD/CAM Materials with Chromatic Transition "Multicolor". MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4189. [PMID: 37297323 PMCID: PMC10254467 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of materials for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has been rapidly increasing in daily practice. However, one of the main issues regarding modern CAD/CAM materials is their aging in the oral environment, which may lead to significant changes in their overall properties. The aim of this study was to compare the flexural strength, water sorption, cross-link density (softening ratio%), surface roughness, and SEM analysis of three modern CAD/CAM "multicolor" composites. Grandio (Grandio disc multicolor-VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany), Shofu (Shofu Block HC-Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan), and Vita (Vita Enamic multiColor-Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) were tested in this study. They were prepared in stick-shaped specimens and submitted to different tests after several aging protocols, such as thermocycling and mechanical cycle loading challenge. Further disc-shaped specimens were also created and tested for water sorption, cross-link density, surface roughness, and SEM ultramorphology, before and after storage in an ethanol-based solution. For flexural strength and ultimate tensile strength, Grandio showed the greatest values both at baseline and after aging (p < 0.05). Grandio and Vita Enamic presented the highest modulus of elasticity and the lowest water sorption (p < 0.05). A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in microhardness after ethanol storage (softening ratio%) was observed especially in Shofu. Grandio had the lowest roughness parameters compared to the other tested CAD/CAM materials, while ethanol storage significantly increased the Ra and RSm values in Shofu (p < 0.05). Despite the comparable modulus of elasticity of Vita and Grandio, this latter showed greater flexural strength and ultimate tensile strength both at baseline and after aging. Hence, Grandio and Vita Enamic may be employed for the anterior teeth and for those restorations requiring load-bearing capacity. Conversely, aging seems to affect several properties of Shofu, so its use for permanent restorations should be well-pondered based on the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mateusz Radwanski
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Herve Tassery
- Ecole de Médecine Dentaire de Marseille, Université d’Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire Bioinginierie et Nanoscience, LBN, Université de Montpellier, 545 Pr JL Viala, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Aline de Almeida Neves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Yu Fu Chou
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, C/Del Pozo s/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Independent Researcher, Roma, 65B, 00030 Labico, Italy
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, C/Del Pozo s/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
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Ribeiro AKC, de Freitas RFCP, de Carvalho IHG, de Miranda LM, da Silva NR, de Fátima Dantas de Almeida L, Zhang Y, da Fonte Porto Carreiro A, de Assunção E Souza RO. Flexural strength, surface roughness, micro-CT analysis, and microbiological adhesion of a 3D-printed temporary crown material. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2207-2220. [PMID: 36933047 PMCID: PMC10164099 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the thermocycling effect of 3D-printed resins on flexural strength, surface roughness, microbiological adhesion, and porosity. MATERIALS AND METHODS 150 bars (8 × 2 × 2 mm) and 100 blocks (8 × 8 × 2 mm) were made and divided into 5 groups, according to two factors: "material" (AR: acrylic resin, CR: composite resin, BIS: bis-acryl resin, CAD: CAD/CAM resin, and PRINT: 3D-printed resin) and "aging" (non-aged and aged - TC). Half of them were subjected to thermocycling (10,000 cycles). The bars were subjected to mini-flexural strength (σ) test (1 mm/min). All the blocks were subjected to roughness analysis (Ra/Rq/Rz). The non-aged blocks were subjected to porosity analysis (micro-CT; n = 5) and fungal adherence (n = 10). Data were statistically analyzed (one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA; Tukey's test, α = 0.05). RESULTS For σ, "material" and "aging" factors were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The BIS (118.23 ± 16.26A) presented a higher σ and the PRINT group (49.87 ± 7.55E) had the lowest mean σ. All groups showed a decrease in σ after TC, except for PRINT. The CRTC showed the lowest Weibull modulus. The AR showed higher roughness than BIS. Porosity revealed that the AR (1.369%) and BIS (6.339%) presented the highest porosity, and the CAD (0.002%) had the lowest porosity. Cell adhesion was significantly different between the CR (6.81) and CAD (6.37). CONCLUSION Thermocycling reduced the flexural strength of most provisional materials, except for 3D-printed resin. However, it did not influence the surface roughness. The CR showed higher microbiological adherence than CAD group. The BIS group reached the highest porosity while the CAD group had the lowest values. CLINICAL RELEVANCE 3D-printed resins are promising materials for clinical applications because they have good mechanical properties and low fungal adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kaline Claudino Ribeiro
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | | | - Isabelle Helena Gurgel de Carvalho
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Mendonça de Miranda
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Nathália Ramos da Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Health Science Center, Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, CEP, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adriana da Fonte Porto Carreiro
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção E Souza
- Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil.
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Fuchs F, Schmidtke J, Hahnel S, Koenig A. The influence of different storage media on Vickers hardness and surface roughness of CAD/CAM resin composites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:13. [PMID: 36934208 PMCID: PMC10024666 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined Vickers hardness as well as surface characteristics of different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composites prior to and after storage in various media. MATERIALS AND METHODS CAD/CAM resin composite blocks (Grandio Blocs (GB), Lava Ultimate (LU), Brilliant Crios (BC), Cerasmart (GC), Shofu Block HC (SB), Tetric CAD (TC), Luxacam Composite (LC); incl. different translucency variants) were prepared, polished and surface free energy was determined. The specimens were divided into four groups: dry conditions for 24 h (25 °C), demineralized water (37 °C), Pepsi Cola (37 °C) and 75% ethanol (37 °C). After seven and 28 days of storage, Vickers hardness was determined. Surface roughness was measured after the entire storage period. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vickers hardness was in the range of about 150 HV for GB, around 115 HV for LU, and 80-100 HV for BC, GC, SB, TC and LC. Only minor differences (total: 50.2 (6.4)-56.2 (3.2) mN/m) in surface free energy could be detected. No relationship was observed between surface free energy and filler content. However, a correlation between filler content and Vickers hardness was evident. Artificial aging caused a decrease of Vickers hardness (up to -40 HV or 35%) depending on storage media, duration and material. The changes in surface texture after immersion in different media were below a value of ΔSa = 0.015 µm. CONCLUSION Artificial aging of CAD/CAM resin composites leads to a significant decrease of Vickers hardness for most materials, while only small changes in surface roughness were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fuchs
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Julius Schmidtke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Pan Y, Lin H, Wang Y, Jiang L, Cheng Y, Yu H, Cheng H. Comparison of occlusal contact errors of 6 chairside CAD/CAM crowns: a self-controlled clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:1301-1310. [PMID: 36333533 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this self-controlled clinical study was to evaluate the trueness of occlusal contacts of chairside CAD/CAM crowns fabricated using different ceramic materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten volunteers (8 females, 2 males, average aged 20-30) were recruited in this study registered in the Clinical Trials Registry (#NCT05346744). After tooth preparation on tooth 36 or 46, an optical scan unit (CEREC Omnicam, Sirona Dental Systems, Germany) was utilized to perform the intraoral scanning. For each volunteer, 6 crowns were fabricated via the chairside CAD/CAM process (CEREC, Sirona Dental Systems, Germany) using the following materials: InCoris TZI (ZIR), Celtra Duo (CD), e.max CAD (EMA), UP.CAD (UP), Enamic (ENA) and Hyramic (HY). The microhardness of the milled surfaces was measured through a Vickers hardness Tester (HVS-50Z, Trojan, China). Together with the amount of occlusal adjustment, the occlusal contact trueness at both milling and postprocessing stages were quantitatively analyzed by using a high-precision scanner (ATOS, GOM Technologies, USA) and a reverse engineering software (Geomagic Control, 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC). The times of chairside occlusal adjustment were also recorded. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ANOVA with randomized block design followed by Bonferroni test (p = 0.05). RESULTS Significant differences were found in surface microhardness of the materials tested (CD > EMA ~ UP > ENA > HY > ZIR, p < 0.05). Regarding the occlusal contact trueness at milling stage, ZIR showed the lowest (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was found among others (p > 0.05). At postprocessing stage, except for ENA, the occlusal contact trueness of ZIR was significantly lower than that of others (p < 0.05). As for occlusal adjustment amount, ZIR was lower than CD and ENA (p < 0.05). In addition, ENA, HY and ZIR required fewer times of occlusal adjustment than EMA, UP and CD. CONCLUSIONS The type of chairside CAD/CAM ceramic materials affected the occlusal contact trueness throughout the process of manufacturing and the amount of clinical occlusal adjustment as well. Zirconia exhibited the worst occlusal contact trueness at both milling and postprocessing stages, while the amount of occlusal adjustment was the least, which recommended the least occlusal compensation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE For better trueness, different negative occlusal offsets are suggested to be applied in the design process, so as to suit the material of the restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Honglei Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, School and Hospital of S tomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yiling Cheng
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, School and Hospital of S tomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, School and Hospital of S tomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian, China.
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Influence of thermo-mechanical aging on fracture resistance and wear of digitally standardized chairside computer-aided-designed/computer-assisted-manufactured restorations. J Dent 2023; 130:104450. [PMID: 36773741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML) aging on fracture resistance and wear behavior of various chairside computer-aided-designed/computer-assisted-manufactured (CAD/CAM) premolar crowns cemented on standardized tooth abutments. METHODS Eighty chairside CAD/CAM crowns were prepared using lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD; EM), zirconia-infiltrated lithium silicate (Celtra Duo; CD), polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (Vita Enamic; VE), and resin nanoceramics (Cerasmart; CS) (n = 20). The specimens were divided into two groups (n = 10). In one group, they were subjected to TCML: thermocycling (6000 cycles in distilled water at 5-55 °C) and mechanical loading (50 N for 1.2 × 106 cycles), while in control group they were stored in distilled water (37 °C for 24 h). The fracture load, height loss, and volume wear of the crowns were measured after TCML. Fractography was performed on fractured specimens. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The mean fracture loads of EM and CD were significantly higher than those of EC and CS (p<0.05). There was no significant change in the fracture load of any CAD/CAM crowns after TCML (p>0.05). CS exhibited a significantly higher volume wear than the other materials investigated. The wear tracts of all TCML crowns acted as failure origins during the fracture test. CONCLUSIONS The fracture resistance of glass-ceramic CAD/CAM crowns was significantly higher than that of resin composite crowns. A 5-year TCML aging did not affect the fracture resistance of CAD/CAM crowns investigated. However, TCML treatment produces a larger wear track in CS than in other materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Appropriate chairside CAD/CAM restorative material should be selected for successful clinical practice after considering the fracture and wear resistance of the crowns.
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Effects of gastric acid and mechanical toothbrushing in CAD-CAM restorative materials: Mechanical properties, surface topography, and biofilm adhesion. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105606. [PMID: 36525873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of simulated gastric acid erosion combined with mechanical toothbrushing abrasion on the mechanical properties, surface topography, and biofilm adhesion of different CAD/CAM materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic (ZLS), polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN), feldspathic glass-ceramic (FE), and two nanoceramic resins (RK, RG), were submitted to the following challenges: erosion (E), abrasion (A), erosion combined with abrasion (E + A), or remained untreated (control - C). After challenges, flexural strength was evaluated, while microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (Ra) were tested before and after treatments. The biofilm adhesion (Streptococcus mutans ATCC 700610, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556 e Candida albicans MYA 2876) was determined by the counting of colonies forming units per milliliters (UFC/mL) after erosive and abrasive challenges. RESULTS FE showed the lowest flexural strengths, while ZLS and RG exhibited the highest, while PICN and RK, had intermediate values. PICN, ZLS, and FE showed lower microhardness after E and E + A challenges than polymer-based materials (RG and RK). FE surface roughness increased after E and E + A challenges and after A and E + A challenges for RK. Biofilm formation after erosive/abrasive challenges was higher on ZLS than FE, RK, and RG, but no different than PICN. RK and RG exhibited the lowest biofilm formation among the groups. Furthermore, E + A challenges held significant changes in the surface of the materials, which were more severe on the surface of glass ceramics and hybrid materials. CONCLUSION Erosive challenges combined with abrasion negatively influenced the mechanical properties and surface topography of most CAD/CAM materials and increased the biofilm adhesion on ZLS. Besides, the severity of the damage is related to the type and composition of each material.
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Mizobuchi S, Kato T, Yamada B, Kan K, Ohtani M, Kobiro K. Influence of the nanostructural characteristics of inorganic fillers on the physical properties of resin cements. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:291-299. [PMID: 36624076 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-curing resin cements, each comprising one of five different inorganic fillers (non-porous and porous spherical SiO2 particles, irregularly shaped glass and ZrO2 particles, and porous ZrO2 spheres), monomers, and polymerization initiators were prepared to determine the effect of filler morphology on the adhesive strength of the resin cement. The strength of adhesion to a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin block was investigated mechanically by measuring the tensile bond strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus. The resin cement containing sub-micron porous ZrO2 spheres had significantly higher tensile bond strength than the other resin cements. The resin cement containing the porous ZrO2 spheres had markedly lower flexural strength and elastic modulus values than the resin cements containing SiO2 and glass fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Mizobuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology.,YAMAKIN Co., Ltd
| | | | | | - Kai Kan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology.,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Masataka Ohtani
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology.,Center for Structural Nanochemistry, Research Institute of Kochi University of Technology
| | - Kazuya Kobiro
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology.,Center for Structural Nanochemistry, Research Institute of Kochi University of Technology
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Demirci F, Bahce E. The effects of HAp coating layer on mechanical and optical properties at bonding interface of high-performance polymers. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 137:105539. [PMID: 36343522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating layer on mechanical and optical properties at bonding interface of high-performance polymers (HPPs) used in computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacture (CAM) technology was investigated in this in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred-twenty specimens were divided into two material groups (n = 110): polyetheretherketone (PEEK, KERA® starPEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK, Pekkton® ivory). For mechanical testing, each group was divided into five surface pretreatment subgroups and a control group (n = 10): HAp coating (1%,3%, 5%, and 10% concentrations) and sandblasting with 110-μm Al2O3 particles. For optical testing, each group was divided into five subgroups (n = 10): HAp coating (1%, 3%, 5%, and 10% concentrations) and control. The effects of the HAp coating on the optical changes and shear bond strength (SBS) of the specimens were investigated. Data was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. Failure modes and surface properties of the specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and coupled electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). RESULTS Average translucency and color change values increased with increasing HAp coating concentration in HPPs. As a result of the data, statistically significant differences were observed in terms of the effect of the HAp coating on SBS of HPPs (p < 0.05). Failure modes were examined, and mixed failure mode was observed. CONCLUSION HAp coating can contribute to the improvement of both the optical properties and bond strength of the HPPs to resin composite. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Adhesion and color problems of high performance polymers are still under discussion. In order to solve these problems, generally focused on surface modifications of these polymers, but the effect of the HAp coating has not been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Demirci
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey
| | - Erkan Bahce
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
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20
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Pacquet W, Tapie L, Mawussi B, Boitelle P. Volumetric and dimensional accuracy assessment of CAD-CAM-manufactured dental prostheses from different materials. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:150-159. [PMID: 34330531 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM In computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) dentistry, the CAD of the prosthesis represents the clinical prerequisite design to restore the treated tooth. However, how closely the CAM prosthesis shape matches the CAD, particularly in relation to different materials, is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate onlays designed and manufactured with the same CAD-CAM system but manufactured with different materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS A single standard tessellation language (STL) model was used to produce 6 composite resin onlays, 6 leucite glass-ceramic onlays, and 6 lithium disilicate glass-ceramic onlays. The onlays were digitized by using an X-ray microtomographic protocol with a metrological calibration. The CAD model was then compared with the scans of the different onlays. An analysis by region of interest was then carried out to assess the accuracy and reliability of the dimensional accuracy. RESULTS The composite resin and the lithium disilicate glass-ceramic had the best dimensional accuracy. The leucite glass-ceramic exhibited a lack of trueness linked to consistent overmilling. The composite resin had less peripheral chipping than the glass-ceramics. CONCLUSIONS The composite resin and the lithium disilicate glass-ceramic material exhibited satisfactory dimensional accuracy. Milling the glass-ceramic before crystallization considerably improved dimensional accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Pacquet
- Assistant Professor, Oral rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University Lille Nord de France, Paris, France.
| | - Laurent Tapie
- Senior Lecturer, Mechanical engineering Department, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
| | - Bernardin Mawussi
- Professor and Senior Lecturer, Mechanical engineering Department, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Boitelle
- Senior Lecturer, Oral rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University Lille Nord de France, Paris, France
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21
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SARIDAĞ S, TEKÇE N, BAŞPINAR ALPER S, DERELİ İNAN B. Bond Strength of Different Composite Resin Materials and CAD/CAM Restorative Materials to Each Other and Dentin Tissue. BEZMIALEM SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.14235/bas.galenos.2022.54154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Zheng Z, Wang H, Mo J, Ling Z, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yan W. Effect of virtual cement space and restorative materials on the adaptation of CAD-CAM endocrowns. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:580. [PMID: 36494663 PMCID: PMC9733092 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the effect of virtual cement space and restorative materials on the fit of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) endocrowns. METHODS A mandibular first molar tooth model received a butt joint margin endocrown preparation with a 2-mm occlusal thickness. Then, using a 3D-printing system, 120 copies of this prepared die were printed and assigned equally to three groups with different cement space settings (30, 60, and 120 μm) during the chairside CAD design. In the milling process, CAD-based models with a particular space setting were subdivided into four groups (n = 10) and fabricated from different CAD-CAM materials: Vita Suprinity (VS), Celtra Duo (CD), Lava Ultimate (LU), and Grandio blocs (GR). Finally, the endocrowns were stabilized over their corresponding models with siloxane and subjected to micro-computed tomography to measure the fit. RESULTS The cement space that was predesigned at 30 μm generated the largest marginal discrepancy (from 144.68 ± 22.43 μm to 174.36 ± 22.78 μm), which was significantly different from those at 60 μm and 120 μm (p < 0.001). The combination of VS or CD with a pre-setting cement space of 60 μm and the combination of LU or GR with a cement space of 120 μm showed better agreement between the predesigned and actual measured marginal gap widths. For internal adaptation, only the cement space set to 30 μm exceeded the clinically acceptable threshold (200 μm). CONCLUSIONS The setting of the cement space and restorative material significantly affected the marginal adaptation of CAD-CAM endocrown restorations. Considering the discrepancy between design and reality, different virtual cement spaces should be applied to ceramic and resin composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Zheng
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hebi Wang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Mo
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiting Ling
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zeng
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jilei Wang
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- grid.416466.70000 0004 1757 959XDepartment of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou RD, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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Mourouzis P, Andreasidou E, Arhakis A, Kabir A, Furton KG, Samanidou V, Tolidis K. Release of monomers in dental wastewater during treatment. A comparative in vitro and in vivo study based on Fabric phase Sorptive extraction. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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24
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Arkoy S, Ulusoy M. Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Repair Bond Strength of CAD/CAM Resin-Matrix Ceramics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6314. [PMID: 36143627 PMCID: PMC9505560 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different surface treatment methods on the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of resin-matrix ceramic (RMC) blocks repaired with resin composite. Three different prefabricated RMC blocks including Lava Ultimate (LU), Grandio Blocs (GB), and Shofu Block HC (HC) were thermo-cycled and divided into five surface treatment groups: Control (C), bur grinding (G), airborne particle abrasion (APA), Er,Cr:YSGG laser irritation (LI), and APA combined with LI (APA+LI). After surface treatments, topographic alterations were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Then, Universal Adhesive (Single Bond Universal) was applied and repair was simulated with nanohybrid composite (Grandio SO). Bonded specimens were cut into 1 mm2 sized beams (n = 16) and a μTBS test was conducted by using a universal test machine. Fracture types were evaluated by using a stereomicroscope. The bond- strength data was evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (α = 0.05). The μTBS values were significantly affected by the surface treatment variable and the interaction terms of the variables (p ≤ 0.001). However, no significant effect of RMC type was detected (p > 0.05). Among all materials, GBAPA+LI indicated the highest µTBS value. Except for the GBC, all surface treatments showed clinically acceptable bond-strength values. However, the surface treatments applied to GB and LU before the repair processes increased the repair bond-strength values while causing a negative effect for HC. In addition, LI and APA+LI can be applied as an alternative route compared to other procedures recommended by the manufacturer for surface preparation in intraoral RMC repair.
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Okutan Y, Kandemir B, Donmez MB, Yucel MT. Effect of the thickness of CAD-CAM materials on the shear bond strength of light-polymerized resin cement. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12892. [PMID: 35969188 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the thickness of computer aided design-computer aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) restorative materials on the bond strength of light-polymerized resin cement. Ninety specimens were prepared from three different CAD-CAM materials (a leucite-based glass-ceramic [Empress CAD], a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network [Vita Enamic], and a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic [Vita Suprinity]) in different thicknesses (1, 2, and 3 mm). One surface of each specimen was treated by using a single-step self-etching ceramic primer (Monobond Etch & Prime). Light-polymerized resin cement was bonded to treated surfaces by exposure to a light-emitting diode curing unit from the untreated side of the samples. Shear bond strength (SBS) between the ceramic and the resin cement was measured by using a universal testing machine. The leucite-based glass-ceramic had higher SBS values than the other materials at each thickness. For each material, 1 mm-thick specimens had the highest SBS values. The difference between the SBS values of 2 mm- and 3 mm-thick polymer-infiltrated ceramic network was nonsignificant, whereas the SBS values of 2 mm-thick leucite-based glass-ceramic and the zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic were significantly higher than those of the corresponding 3 mm-thick specimens. The choice of the material and its thickness may be highly important for clinical success when light-polymerized resin cements are used for cementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yener Okutan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Banucicek Kandemir
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Munir Tolga Yucel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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26
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Demirci F, Bahce E, Baran MC. Mechanical analysis of three-unit metal-free fixed dental prostheses produced in different materials with CAD/CAM technology. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5969-5978. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jung SN, Rüttermann S. Influence of mechanical and chemical pre-treatments on the repair of a hybrid ceramic. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1140-1148. [PMID: 35672161 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the influence of the respective mechanical and chemical pre-treatments on the composite repair of a CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic using a microtensile bond strength test (μTBS). METHODS 15 CAD/CAM Blocks of Vita Enamic (VE) were randomly sectioned into three mechanical pre-treatments: (1.) Diamond bur (D), (2.) Airborne abrasion (A), (3.) Tribochemical silica coating (T) and subsequently five chemical pre-treatments: (1.) Clearfil SE Bond Bond (B; negative control), (2.) ESPE Sil (S), (3.) Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus (CPP), (4.) Clearfil Repair (CR) and (5.) Scotchbond Universal (SCB). Per block, n = 20 specimens were sawn. Half of the specimens were randomly selected and subjected to an immediate bond strength test, while the other half was subjected to artificial aging for 6 months 180 days at 37 °C and subsequent thermocycling of 5000 cycles. A μTBS was performed and data (MPa) were compared in one-way and two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD. Paired-t-test was used for artificial aging (α = 0.05). Debonded specimens were analyzed of for failure modes with a stereomicroscope (SEM). RESULTS The results of one-way ANOVA for the fifteen fastening procedures after aging indicated significant differences according to SCB-A and CPP-T. Two-way ANOVA after aging observed inferior bond strength for SCB. No differences were observed for mechanical pre-treatments. Artificial aging showed a significant reduction in bond strength on most of the fastening procedures. SIGNIFICANCE SCB showed the lowest bond strength values besides B, S, CPP, and CR. MDP and silane are both suitable for the repair of VE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Niklas Jung
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt D-60598, Germany
| | - Stefan Rüttermann
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt D-60598, Germany.
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Mârțu I, Murariu A, Baciu ER, Savin CN, Foia I, Tatarciuc M, Diaconu-Popa D. An Interdisciplinary Study Regarding the Characteristics of Dental Resins Used for Temporary Bridges. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060811. [PMID: 35744074 PMCID: PMC9231152 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The surface condition of the materials that are used for temporary prostheses influences their microbial colonization, with a direct impact on the oral tissues. This study aims at a comparative analysis of three types of resins for temporary bridges using conventional and digital technologies. The attention was focused on the analysis of the surface characteristics and mechanical strength of these materials. Materials and Methods: The surface condition was assessed for three distinct materials both before and after polishing- heat-curing resin Superpont C + B (SpofaDental, Jicin, Czech Republic) used unconventional technology, Zotion dental milling polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block (Zotion, Chongqing, China) for provisional crowns/bridges used in digital subtractive technologies and Freeprint Temp (Detax GmbH & Co. KG, Ettlingen, Germany) resin for temporary crowns and bridges that are used in 3D printing technologies. The two-way ANOVA analysis indicated that polishing leads to a statistically significant increase in roughness coefficients for all the three resins that were tested (p < 0.001). While the highest roughness coefficients were displayed in the 3D cured sample, the largest decrease was reported by the milled sample Results: The results revealed that surface roughness was significantly influenced by both the type of resin that was used (p < 0.001) and the treatment that was induced by finishing and polishing (p < 0.001). Similar p-values were obtained for each of the three resins. Conclusions: The results demonstrated a significant optimization of the surfaces after finishing and polishing and statistically significant differences between the surface parameters and the mechanical properties of the samples. The low values of the roughness and the acceptable values of the mechanical resistance for the conventional samples indicate these materials for the long-term temporary bridge’s realization, allowing the correct restoration of the functions and the rehabilitation at the oral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mârțu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Discipline of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.); (M.T.); (D.D.-P.)
| | - Alice Murariu
- Department of Surgery, Discipline of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena Raluca Baciu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Discipline of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.R.B.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Carmen Nicoleta Savin
- Department of Surgery, Discipline of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.R.B.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Iolanda Foia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Discipline of Hygiene, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Monica Tatarciuc
- Department of Oral Implantology, Discipline of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.); (M.T.); (D.D.-P.)
| | - Diana Diaconu-Popa
- Department of Oral Implantology, Discipline of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.M.); (M.T.); (D.D.-P.)
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Kaleli N, Ekren O, Uçar Y, Ural Ç. Evaluation of the flexural strength of metal frameworks fabricated by sintering-based computer-aided manufacturing methods. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 127:936.e1-936.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Pantea M, Ciocoiu RC, Greabu M, Ripszky Totan A, Imre M, Țâncu AMC, Sfeatcu R, Spînu TC, Ilinca R, Petre AE. Compressive and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed and Conventional Resins Designated for Interim Fixed Dental Prostheses: An In Vitro Comparison. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093075. [PMID: 35591410 PMCID: PMC9104158 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A provisionalization sequence is essential for obtaining a predictable final prosthetic outcome. An assessment of the mechanical behavior of interim prosthetic materials could orient clinicians towards selecting an appropriate material for each clinical case. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the mechanical behavior—with compressive and three-point flexural tests—of certain 3D-printed and conventional resins used to obtain interim fixed dental prostheses. Four interim resin materials were investigated: two 3D-printed resins and two conventional resins (an auto-polymerized resin and a pressure/heat-cured acrylic resin). Cylindrically shaped samples (25 × 25 mm/diameter × height) were obtained for the compression tests and bar-shaped samples (80 × 20 × 5 mm/length × width × thickness) were produced for the flexural tests, observing the producers’ recommendations. The resulting 40 resin samples were subjected to mechanical tests using a universal testing machine. Additionally, a fractographic analysis of failed samples in bending was performed. The results showed that the additive manufactured samples exhibited higher elastic moduli (2.4 ± 0.02 GPa and 2.6 ± 0.18 GPa) than the conventional samples (1.3 ± 0.19 GPa and 1.3 ± 0.38 GPa), as well as a higher average bending strength (141 ± 17 MPa and 143 ± 15 MPa) when compared to the conventional samples (88 ± 10 MPa and 76 ± 7 MPa); the results also suggested that the materials were more homogenous when produced via additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Pantea
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 20221 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (T.C.S.); (A.E.P.)
| | - Robert Cătălin Ciocoiu
- Department of Metallic Materials Science, Physical Metallurgy, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.G.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Marina Imre
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020221 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020221 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (A.M.C.Ț.); (R.S.)
| | - Ruxandra Sfeatcu
- Department of Oral Health and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Calea Plevnei Street, 010221 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.C.Ț.); (R.S.)
| | - Tudor Claudiu Spînu
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 20221 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (T.C.S.); (A.E.P.)
| | - Radu Ilinca
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Calea Plevnei Street, 010221 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Eugen Petre
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 20221 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (T.C.S.); (A.E.P.)
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Alsaeed AY. Bonding CAD/CAM materials with current adhesive systems: An overview. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:259-269. [PMID: 35692241 PMCID: PMC9177874 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Data sources Results Conclusion
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李 怡, 王 丽, 刘 晓, 周 倜, 吕 季, 谭 建. [Marginal features of CAD/CAM laminate veneers with different materials and thicknesses]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54:140-145. [PMID: 35165481 PMCID: PMC8860661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the marginal roughness and marginal fitness of chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) laminate veneers with different materials and thicknesses, and to provide a reference for the clinical application of laminate veneers. METHODS The butt-to-butt type laminate veneers were prepared on resin typodonts, the preparations were scanned, and the laminate veneers were manufactured by chairside CAD/CAM equipment. The laminate veneers were divided into four groups (n=9) according to the materials (glass-matrix ceramics and resin-matrix ceramics) and thickness (0.3 mm and 0.5 mm) of the veneers, with a total of 36. The marginal topo-graphies of each laminate veneer were digitally recorded by stereomicroscope, and the marginal rough-nesses of the laminate veneers were determined by ImageJ software. The marginal fitness of the laminate veneers was measured by a fit checker and digital scanning and measuring method. At the same time, the mechanical properties of glass-matrix ceramic and resin-matrix ceramic bars (n=20) were tested by a universal testing device. RESULTS The marginal roughness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers was (24.48±5.55) μm and (19.06±5.75) μm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The marginal roughness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers was (6.13±1.27) μm and (6.84±2.19) μm, respectively, without a statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The marginal roughness of the glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers was higher than that of the resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The marginal fitness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers were (66.30±26.71) μm and (85.48±30.44) μm, respectively. The marginal fitness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers were (56.42±19.27) μm and (58.36±8.33) μm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the 4 groups (P>0.05). For glass-matrix ceramics, the flexural strength was (327.40±54.25) MPa, the flexural modulus was (44.40±4.39) GPa, and the modulus of resilience was (1.24±0.37) MPa. For resin-matrix ceramics, the flexural strength was (173.71±16.61) MPa, the flexural modulus was (11.88±0.51) GPa, and the modulus of resilience was (1.29±0.27) MPa. The flexural strength and modulus of glass-matrix ceramics were significantly higher than those of resin-matrix ceramics (P < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference in the modulus of resilience between the two materials (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The marginal roughness of CAD/CAM glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers is greater than that of resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers, but there was no statistically significant difference in marginal fitness among them. Increasing the thickness can reduce the marginal roughness of glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers, but has no effect on the marginal roughness of resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers.
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Affiliation(s)
- 怡 李
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院修复科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 丽瑜 王
- 南京医科大学口腔医学院,南京 210029Stomatological College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - 晓强 刘
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院修复科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 倜 周
- 烟台市口腔医院福山分院修复科,烟台 264001Department of Prosthodontics, Fushan Clinical Division, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai 264001, Shandong, China
| | - 季喆 吕
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院修复科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 建国 谭
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院修复科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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李 怡, 王 丽, 刘 晓, 周 倜, 吕 季, 谭 建. [Marginal features of CAD/CAM laminate veneers with different materials and thicknesses]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54:140-145. [PMID: 35165481 PMCID: PMC8860661 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the marginal roughness and marginal fitness of chairside computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) laminate veneers with different materials and thicknesses, and to provide a reference for the clinical application of laminate veneers. METHODS The butt-to-butt type laminate veneers were prepared on resin typodonts, the preparations were scanned, and the laminate veneers were manufactured by chairside CAD/CAM equipment. The laminate veneers were divided into four groups (n=9) according to the materials (glass-matrix ceramics and resin-matrix ceramics) and thickness (0.3 mm and 0.5 mm) of the veneers, with a total of 36. The marginal topo-graphies of each laminate veneer were digitally recorded by stereomicroscope, and the marginal rough-nesses of the laminate veneers were determined by ImageJ software. The marginal fitness of the laminate veneers was measured by a fit checker and digital scanning and measuring method. At the same time, the mechanical properties of glass-matrix ceramic and resin-matrix ceramic bars (n=20) were tested by a universal testing device. RESULTS The marginal roughness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers was (24.48±5.55) μm and (19.06±5.75) μm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The marginal roughness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers was (6.13±1.27) μm and (6.84±2.19) μm, respectively, without a statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The marginal roughness of the glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers was higher than that of the resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The marginal fitness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers were (66.30±26.71) μm and (85.48±30.44) μm, respectively. The marginal fitness of 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers were (56.42±19.27) μm and (58.36±8.33) μm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the 4 groups (P>0.05). For glass-matrix ceramics, the flexural strength was (327.40±54.25) MPa, the flexural modulus was (44.40±4.39) GPa, and the modulus of resilience was (1.24±0.37) MPa. For resin-matrix ceramics, the flexural strength was (173.71±16.61) MPa, the flexural modulus was (11.88±0.51) GPa, and the modulus of resilience was (1.29±0.27) MPa. The flexural strength and modulus of glass-matrix ceramics were significantly higher than those of resin-matrix ceramics (P < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference in the modulus of resilience between the two materials (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The marginal roughness of CAD/CAM glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers is greater than that of resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers, but there was no statistically significant difference in marginal fitness among them. Increasing the thickness can reduce the marginal roughness of glass-matrix ceramic laminate veneers, but has no effect on the marginal roughness of resin-matrix ceramic laminate veneers.
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Affiliation(s)
- 怡 李
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院修复科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 丽瑜 王
- 南京医科大学口腔医学院,南京 210029Stomatological College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - 晓强 刘
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院修复科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 倜 周
- 烟台市口腔医院福山分院修复科,烟台 264001Department of Prosthodontics, Fushan Clinical Division, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai 264001, Shandong, China
| | - 季喆 吕
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院修复科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 建国 谭
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院修复科,国家口腔医学中心,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Juri AZ, Basak AK, Yin L. In-situ SEM cyclic nanoindentation of pre-sintered and sintered zirconia materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:105068. [PMID: 35026563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Efficient diamond machining of zirconia requires a comprehensive understanding of repetitive diamond indentation mechanics. This paper reports on in-situ cyclic nanoindentations of pre-sintered and sintered zirconia materials performed inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In-situ SEM imaging of cyclic indentation processes and high-magnification SEM mapping of indentation imprints were conducted. The elastic and plastic behaviors of pre-sintered and sintered zirconia materials were investigated as a function of the cyclic nanoindentation number using the Sakai and Sakai-Nowak models. For pre-sintered zirconia, cyclic nanoindentation induced quasi-plastic deformation, causing localized agglomeration of zirconia crystals with microcracks and large cracking along the indentation edge. Severely compressed, fragmented, and pulverized zirconia crystals and smeared surfaces were also observed. For sintered zirconia, shear bands dominated quasi-plastic deformation with the formation of edge pile-ups and localized microfractures occurred at indentation apex and diagonals. All elastic and plastic behaviors for pre-sintered and sintered zirconia materials revealed significantly microstructure-dependent. Pre-sintered zirconia yielded significantly lower contact hardness, Young's moduli, resistance to plasticity, elastic deformation components, and resistance to machining-induced cracking, and higher elastic and plastic displacements than sintered state. Meanwhile, all the behaviors for the two materials were independent from the cyclic nanoindentation number. A model was proposed for cyclic nanoindentation mechanics, revealing their cyclic indentation-induced microstructural changes in the two zirconia materials. This study advances the fundamental understanding of nanoindentation mechanics of zirconia materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifah Z Juri
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Animesh K Basak
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ling Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Abad-Coronel C, Carrera E, Mena Córdova N, Fajardo JI, Aliaga P. Comparative Analysis of Fracture Resistance between CAD/CAM Materials for Interim Fixed Prosthesis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7791. [PMID: 34947384 PMCID: PMC8706852 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the resistance to fracture of interim restorations obtained through additive techniques (3D impressions) and subtractive techniques (milling) using a computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) system of a three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) to ascertain its clinical importance. (1) Materials and methods: In total, 40 samples were manufactured and divided into two groups (n = 20) using: (1) light-curing micro hybrid resin for temporary crowns and bridges (PriZma 3D Bio Prov, MarketechLabs, São Paulo, Brazil) for the rapid prototyping group (RP) and (2) a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) CAD/CAM disc (Vipiblock Trilux, VIPI, São Paulo, Brazil) for the computer-assisted milling (CC). The resistance to fracture was determined with a universal testing machine. (2) Results: The strength and the standard deviation for the computer-assisted milling group were higher (1663.57 ± 130.25 N) than the rapid prototyping (RP) group, which had lower values of (1437.74 ± 73.41 N). (3) Conclusions: The provisional restorations from the computer-assisted milling group showed a greater resistance to fracture than the provisional restorations obtained from the rapid prototyping group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Abad-Coronel
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador; (E.C.); (N.M.C.)
- Department of Digital Dentistry and CAD/CAM Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador
| | - Elena Carrera
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador; (E.C.); (N.M.C.)
| | - Nancy Mena Córdova
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador; (E.C.); (N.M.C.)
| | - Jorge I. Fajardo
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca 170517, Ecuador;
| | - Paulina Aliaga
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador;
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Alamoush RA, Salim NA, Silikas N, Satterthwaite JD. Long-term hydrolytic stability of CAD/CAM composite blocks. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 130:e12834. [PMID: 34897842 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess water sorption and solubility of CAD/CAM composite blocks compared to CAD/CAM ceramic after 8 months storage in water and artificial saliva. Eight CAD/CAM blocks were investigated: Five resin-composite blocks (RCBs), one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block, one ceramic-filled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) block, and one feldspathic ceramic block. One hundred and twelve specimens were prepared comprising 14 specimens of each of the eight materials. From each group of specimens, seven randomly selected specimens were immersed in 10 mL of water, while the other seven specimens were immersed in artificial saliva. All specimens were stored at 37°C and weighed at various time intervals. The data were analysed via repeat measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05 for all tests). Sorption values (mean [SD]) in water were within the range -1.21 (0.4) to 39.3 (2.1) μg/mm3 and in artificial saliva between -0.7 (0.2) and 41.6 (1.3) μg/mm3 . Solubility values in water were between -0.43 (0.08) and 0.34 (0.18) μg/mm3 and in artificial saliva between -0.53 (0.07) μg/mm3 and 0.33 (0.2) μg/mm3 . CAD/CAM composite blocks were hydrolytically stable under long-term storage (according to ISO 4949:2009), although not as stable as ceramic. Water sorption of CAD/CAM composite blocks was dependent on the resin-matrix and was influenced by the filler weight %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Alamoush
- Prosthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nesreen A Salim
- Prosthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nick Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Turker I, Kursoglu P. Wear evaluation of CAD-CAM dental ceramic materials by chewing simulation. J Adv Prosthodont 2021; 13:281-291. [PMID: 34777718 PMCID: PMC8558571 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2021.13.5.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the wear of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) dental ceramic materials opposed by enamel as a function of increased chewing forces. MATERIALS AND METHODS The enamel cusps of healthy human third molar teeth (n = 40) opposed by materials from CAD-CAM dental ceramic groups (n = 10), including Vita Enamic® (ENA), a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN); GC Cerasmart® (CERA), a resin nanoceramic; Celtra® Duo (DUO), a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramic; and IPS e.max ZirCAD (ZIR), a polycrystalline zirconia, were exposed to chewing simulation (1,200,000 cycles; 120 N load; 1 Hz frequency; 0.7 mm lateral and 2 mm vertical motion). The wear of both enamel cusps and materials was quantified using a 3D laser scanner, and the wear mechanisms were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were analysed using Welch ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test (α = .05). RESULTS ZIR showed lower volume loss (0.02 ± 0.01 mm3) than ENA, CERA and DUO (P = .001, P = .018 and P = .005, respectively). The wear of cusp/DUO [0.59 mm3 (0.50-1.63 mm3)] was higher than cusp/CERA[0.17 mm3 (0.04-0.41 mm3)] (P = .007). ZIR showed completely different wear mechanism in SEM. CONCLUSION Composite structured materials such as PICN and ZLS ceramic exhibit more abrasive effect on opposing enamel due to their loss against wear, compared to uniform structured zirconia. The resin nanoceramic causes the lowest enamel wear thanks to its flexible nano-ceramic microstructure. While zirconia appears to be an enamel-friendly material in wear volume loss, it can cause microstructural defects of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izim Turker
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Kursoglu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chairside CAD/CAM Materials: Current Trends of Clinical Uses. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111170. [PMID: 34827163 PMCID: PMC8614873 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The interest in chairside Computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorations has increased the diversity of the restorative material. The promise of accurate, esthetic restorations delivered rapidly to the patient has manly benefits for clinicians in the light of minimally invasive dentistry dictates. New materials have been developed by the industry in order to offer ceramic, composite, and hybrid materials with optimized properties, suitable mechanical and aesthetic features. However, this comes at the expense of making the application more complicated. This article is aimed at providing an overview regarding the main advantages and disadvantages of the CAD/CAM chairside materials. Abstract Restorative materials are experiencing an extensive upgrade thanks to the use of chairside Computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorations. Therefore, due to the variety offered in the market, choosing the best material could be puzzling for the practitioner. The clinical outcome of the restoration is influenced mainly by the material and its handling than by the fabrication process (i.e., CAD/CAM). Information on the restorative materials performances can be difficult to gather and compare. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of chairside CAD/CAM materials, their classification, and clinically relevant aspects that enable the reader to select the most appropriate material for predictable success.
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Mahrous AA, Ellakany P, Abualsaud R, Al-Thobity AM, Akhtar S, Siddiqui IA, Gad MM. Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Laboratory-Formulated Polishing Pastes for Two CAD/CAM Ceramic Restorative Materials. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:529-536. [PMID: 34693606 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different polishing pastes with different particle sizes on the surface finish of two different CAD/CAM ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 128 specimens were prepared of two CAD/CAM ceramics: lithium disilicate (12.4 × 14.5 × 2 mm) and monolithic zirconia (17.5 × 12.5 × 2.5 mm). They were divided randomly into 8 groups according to surface treatment (n = 8). Group 1 (control) was left as received after crystallization or sintering with no further surface treatment; Group 2 (glazed); Group 3 (positive control), where specimens were polished using standardized surface treatment (medium grit silicon carbide discs, rubber cup and pumice slurry, then rubber cup and toothpaste). For groups 4 to 8, in addition to silicon carbide and pumice slurry polishing, specimens were further polished using a diamond paste (DP), and polishing pastes of microzirconia (MZ), nanosilica (NS), nanodiamond (ND), and nanozirconia (NZ), respectively. Surface roughness (Ra ) was measured using noncontact profilometer. The mean values were compared using ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Specimens' surfaces were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS Positive control group and MZ exhibited significant Ra of lithium disilicate compared to control (p ˂ 0.001), glazed (p = 0.001), DPs (p = 0.002), NS (p ˂ 0.001), ND (p ˂ 0.001), and NZ (p = 0.002). In the case of zirconia, positive control showed a significantly higher Ra compared to all other groups (p ˂ 0.001). No statistical difference was found between all other polishing techniques (positive control, glazed, DPs, NS, ND, MZ, and NZ) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Polishing with ND, NZ, and NS lab-formulated pastes produced surfaces with comparable smoothness to control and glazed specimens for lithium disilicate and zirconia ceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Mahrous
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Intisar A Siddiqui
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Adawi HA, Al Moaleem MM, Al Ahmari NM, Shariff M, Qahhar MA, Muharraq SM, Alghazali NA. Assessment of Color Stainability of Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Ceramic Materials After Hot and Cold Coffee Immersion at Different Time Intervals. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932745. [PMID: 34601487 PMCID: PMC8496336 DOI: 10.12659/msm.932745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This spectrophotometric study assessed the color stability of CAD/CAM restorative materials with different exposed surfaces following staining by hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-six specimens were fabricated from 3 different CAD/CAM ceramic materials: Vita Suprinity (Vita-S), Vita Enamic (Vita-E), and Vitablocs Mark II (Vitablocs-MII). We divided 32 specimens for each group into glazed or polished surfaces, with 16 specimens in each group, then subdivided them according to staining materials: Arabic Qahwa and Frappuccino Cold Coffee. Color of specimens was measured during immersion in staining materials (BEFORE) as baseline with (Vita classic) and (L, a, b), for average color changes (ΔE₀₀), then remeasured after 2, 4, and 12 weeks, and described as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd measurements for VITAPAN Classic shade and T1, T2, and T3 for ΔE00 values using the CIE L*a*b* equation. We performed ANOVA and then post hoc testing. RESULTS We found significant differences in ΔE₀₀ values during immersing in hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee for tested materials in glazed or polished specimens. Polished specimens of Vita-S and Vita-E had the highest color changing and staining compared to glazed surfaces. Vitablocs-MII had the best color stability through immersion periods. Moreover, there were changes in relation to VITAPAN Classic shade guide for both Vita-S and Vita-E specimens during different immersion periods. CONCLUSIONS Coffee caused staining and contamination of ceramic material. Values of ΔE₀₀ for tested ceramic materials were significantly different but were within the clinically acceptable range. Polished specimens showed higher staining; therefore, we highly recommend re-glazing of ceramic restorations to maintain color stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz A. Adawi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Al Ahmari
- Department of Prosthetic, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Shariff
- Department of Prosthetic, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Qahhar
- General Practitioner, Altuwal General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nabiel A. Alghazali
- School of Dental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Prosthodontics, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
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Sakrana AA, Al-Zordk W, El-Sebaey H, Elsherbini A, Özcan M. Does Preheating Resin Cements Affect Fracture Resistance of Lithium Disilicate and Zirconia Restorations? MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195603. [PMID: 34640000 PMCID: PMC8509625 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper assesses the impact of preheating of adhesive cement on the fracture resistance of lithium disilicate and zirconia restorations. Methods: A total of 80 human maxillary premolar teeth were assigned into 8 groups (n = 10) according to material type (either lithium disilicate or zirconia) and type of resin cement (either LinkForce or Panavia SA) with preheating temperature at 54 °C or at room temperature (25 °C). Teeth were prepared and restored with either lithium disilicate or zirconia restorations. After cementation, specimens were thermal cycled (10,000 cycles, 5 °C/55 °C), then load cycled for 240,000 cycles (50 N). Each specimen was statically loaded until fracture and the load (N) at fracture was recorded, then the failure mode was detected. Statistical analysis of data was performed (p ≤ 0.05). Results: There was no significant difference (p = 0.978) in fracture mean values between LinkForce and Panavia SA. Statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) was revealed between fracture resistance of lithium disilicate restorations cemented with LinkForce at 25 °C and at 54 °C; however there was no significant difference (p = 0.92) between the fracture resistance of lithium disilicate restorations cemented with Panavia SA used at 25 °C and at 54 °C. Regarding the interaction between ceramic material, cement type, and cement preheating, there was no significant effect (p > 0.05) in fracture resistance. The cement type does not influence the fracture resistance of ceramic restorations. Preheating of resin cement has negatively influenced the fracture resistance of all tested groups, except for lithium disilicate cemented using LinkForce cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Abdelsamad Sakrana
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (W.A.-Z.); (H.E.-S.)
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Horus University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-102-384-9099
| | - Walid Al-Zordk
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (W.A.-Z.); (H.E.-S.)
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Horus University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
| | - Heba El-Sebaey
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (W.A.-Z.); (H.E.-S.)
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Horus University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
| | | | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Beji Vijayakumar J, Varadan P, Balaji L, Rajan M, Kalaiselvam R, Saeralaathan S, Ganesh A. Fracture resistance of resin based and lithium disilicate endocrowns. Which is better? - A systematic review of in-vitro studies. Biomater Investig Dent 2021; 8:104-111. [PMID: 34368777 PMCID: PMC8312589 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2021.1932510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The primary objective of this systematic review is to compare the fracture resistance of lithium disilicate (LDS)-based endocrowns and resin-based (RB) endocrowns of in-vitro studies, and the secondary objective is to compare their catastrophic failures. Materials and Methods: The review protocol was registered in the P ROSP ERO database (CRD42020166201). A comprehensive literature search was done in PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar using key terms. Only in-vitro studies that compared fracture resistance of LDS-based endocrowns and indirect RB endocrowns in molars were included. Data extraction, risk of bias assessment and qualitative analysis of the included studies were performed. Results: Five studies were included in this systematic review. The overall risk of bias for the included studies was moderate. Under axial loading, RB endocrowns showed similar fracture resistance when compared with LDS endocrowns. However, they showed better fracture resistance when compared with zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) endocrowns. Furthermore, RB endocrowns showed fewer catastrophic failures than LDS-based endocrowns. Conclusions: RB endocrowns have similar or better fracture resistance and fewer catastrophic failures when compared to LDS-based endocrowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshna Beji Vijayakumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, SRIHER (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Preethi Varadan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, SRIHER (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi Balaji
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, SRIHER (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Mathan Rajan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, SRIHER (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Rajeswari Kalaiselvam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, SRIHER (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Sindhu Saeralaathan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, SRIHER (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Arathi Ganesh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, SRIHER (DU), Chennai, India
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Çömlekoğlu ME, Tekeroğlu F, Dündar Çömlekoğlu M, Özcan M, Türkün LŞ, Paken G. Clinical wear and quality assessment of monolithic and lithium disilicate layered zirconia restorations. Aust Dent J 2021; 66:413-422. [PMID: 34319585 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wear and quality assessments of translucent monolithic zirconia and CAD-on® restorations were performed. METHODS Forty 3-unit posterior fixed partial denture (FPD) in 18 patients (age:18-50 years) were made from translucent monolithic zirconia (tm) (Zenostar T) and zirconia-frameworked, lithium disilicate layered (c) (CAD-on), materials in a split-mouth design. Restorations were digitally fabricated and their internal and marginal adaptations were measured before cementation followed by luting (Multilink Speed). Clinical evaluations were made by modified United States Public Health Service criteria at baseline, 6, 12, and 24-months. Wear of the restorations and the antagonists were digitally evaluated after optical scanning of stone casts at 1st week and 24 m through a software (Cerec 4.4). Statistical analysis was made (analysis of variance, Shapiro-Wilk, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (SPSS 20)) at α = 0.05 significance level. RESULTS At 24 m, all restorations were clinically acceptable. Insignificant differences were found between tm and c restorations (P > 0.05). Mean internal and marginal adaptation of c restorations were significantly better (145 µm (premolar)-174 µm (molar)) than tm (190 µm (premolar)-207 µm (molar)) (P < 0.05). C restorations significantly caused more wear (0.3 ± 0.1 mm) than tm (0.1 ± 0.07 mm) on the antagonistic dentition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Translucent monolithic zirconia restorations caused less wear and antagonist wear than CAD-on restorations. CAD-on restorations exhibited higher internal and marginal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Çömlekoğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - F Tekeroğlu
- Private Dental Practice, Kuşadası, Aydın, Turkey
| | - M Dündar Çömlekoğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Ş Türkün
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - G Paken
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
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Effect of CAD-CAM ceramic materials on the color match of veneer restorations. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:255.e1-255.e7. [PMID: 34120761 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM With the different translucency levels and types of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) ceramic materials, choosing the most appropriate CAD-CAM ceramic materials to better reproduce the color appearance of natural teeth can be challenging. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the color differences between natural teeth and milled veneers fabricated with the different types of CAD-CAM ceramic materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten extracted maxillary central incisor teeth with the A2 shade in the body region were prepared for ceramic veneers. The veneer restorations were designed by using the duplicating method and fabricated from 9 milling blocks (IPS e.max CAD HT/LT, Lava Ultimate CAD HT/LT, VITA SUPRINITY HT/T, IPS Empress CAD HT/LT/Multi) in a dental milling unit (n=10). The bonding surface of the abutment tooth was coated with a thin layer of a separating agent, and the veneer specimen with resin cement was then bonded to the corresponding abutment tooth. A clinical spectrophotometer was used to measure the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage Lab values of natural teeth, abutment teeth, and milled veneers in the cervical, body, and incisal regions. Color differences between the natural tooth and A2 shade tab (ΔE1) and between the milled veneer and natural tooth (ΔE2) were calculated. The ΔE2 values were compared with the perceptibility threshold (ΔE=2.6) and acceptability threshold (ΔE=5.5). The paired-samples t test, 1-way analysis of covariance, and 2-way ANOVA were used to analyze data (α=.05). RESULTS The results of 1-way analysis of covariance showed that ceramic materials significantly affected the a∗ and b∗ values of the milled veneers (P<.001) but did not affect the L∗ values of the milled veneers (P>.05). The results of 2-way ANOVA indicated that the ΔE2 values were not significantly affected by different CAD-CAM ceramic materials (F=1.560, P=.138), while statistically significant differences were found in the veneer regions (F=6.588, P=.002). The ΔE2 values ranged from 2.41 to 5.36, less than the clinically acceptable color threshold of 5.5. CONCLUSIONS The color parameters of milled veneers were affected by the different types of CAD-CAM ceramic materials. The color of the veneer restoration was able to match that of the natural tooth.
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Effectiveness of Nanohydroxyapatite on Demineralization of Enamel and Cementum Surrounding Margin of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Polycrystalline Ceramic Restoration. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:5540738. [PMID: 34113220 PMCID: PMC8154305 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5540738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prosthetic dentistry has shifted toward prevention of caries occurrence surrounding restorative margin through the anti-demineralization process. This study examines the ability of nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) gel and Clinpro (CP) on enhancing resistance to demineralization of enamel and cementum at margin of restoration. Materials and Methods Thirty extracted mandibular third molars were segregated at 1 mm above and below cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to separate CEJ portions and substituted with zirconia disks by bonding to crown and root portions with resin adhesive. The enamel and cementum area of 4 × 4 mm2 neighboring zirconia was applied with either NHA or CP, while one group was left no treatment (NT) before demineralized with carbopal. Vickers hardness (VHN) of enamel and cementum was evaluated before material application (BM), after material application (AM), and after demineralization (AD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc multiple comparisons were used to justify for the significant difference (α = 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were determined for surface evaluations. Results The mean ± SD of VHN for BM, AM, and AD for enamel and cementum was 393.24 ± 26.27, 392.89 ± 17.22, 155.00 ± 5.68 and 69.89 ± 4.59, 66.28 ± 3.61, 18.13 ± 0.54 for NT groups, respectively, 390.10 ± 17.69, 406.77 ± 12.86, 181.55 ± 7.99 and 56.01 ± 9.26, 62.71 ± 6.15, 19.09 ± 1.16 for NHA groups, respectively, and 387.90 ± 18.07, 405.91 ± 9.83, 188.95 ± 7.43 and 54.68 ± 7.30, 61.81 ± 4.30, 19.22 ± 1.25 for CP groups, respectively. ANOVA indicated a significant increase in anti-demineralization of enamel and cementum upon application of NHA or CP (p < 0.05). Multiple comparisons indicated the capability in inducing surface strengthening to resist demineralization for enamel and cementum of NHA which was comparable to CP (p > 0.05) as evidenced by SEM and XRD data indicating NHA and CP deposition and crystallinity accumulation. Conclusion NHA and CP were capable of enhancing anti-demineralization for enamel and cementum. The capability in resisting the demineralization process of NHA was comparable with CP. NHA was highly recommended for anti-demineralization for enamel and cementum surrounding restorative margin.
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The effect of different storage media on the monomer elution and hardness of CAD/CAM composite blocks. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1202-1213. [PMID: 33962792 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effect of different storage media on the hardness and monomer elution of CAD/CAM composite blocks. METHODS Five resin-composite blocks (RCB), one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block (Enamic (EN)), one ceramic-filled poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) block (Dentokeep (DK)), and one feldspathic ceramic block. Microhardness was measured using a Vickers indenter tester (FM-700, Future Tech Corp., Japan). In addition 4 conventional resin-composites were investigated for monomer elution using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after storage in different media for 3 months. The data were analysed by three-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test and the independent t-test (α=0.05 for all tests). RESULTS The specimens stored in the water had a hardness reduction ranging from 0.9% to 24.4%. In artificial saliva, the specimens had a hardness reduction ranging from 2.8% to 23.2%. The hardness reduction percentage in 75% Ethanol/Water (E/W) ranged between 3.8% and 35.3%. All materials, except GR (resin-composite block) and DK (Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)), showed a variable extent of monomer elution into 75% E/W with significantly higher amounts eluted from conventional composites. GRA and GND (conventional resin-composites) eluted TEGDMA in artificial saliva and GRA eluted TEGDMA in water. SIGNIFICANCE The hardness of CAD/CAM composite blocks was affected by different storage media, and they were not as stable as ceramic, with PICN exhibited superior hardness stability to all of the resin-composite blocks in all the storage media and was comparable to ceramic block. The hardness reduction percentage of the CAD/CAM composite blocks was influenced by the filler loading and resin-matrix composition.Minimal or no monomer elution from CAD/CAM blocks was detected.
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García-Cuesta C, Faus-Llácer V, Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Botello-Torres R, Faus-Matoses V. A comparison of the marginal adaptation of composite overlays fabricated with silicone and an intraoral scanner. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e473-e478. [PMID: 33981394 PMCID: PMC8106928 DOI: 10.4317/jced.58140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intraoral scanners have been developing during last years. The aim of this study was to know if digital impressions achieve a marginal adaptation in overlays as well as conventional impressions with silicone.
Material and Methods Sixty-two extracted molars were selected. The samples were prepared for MOD overlays. The teeth were divided into two groups (n=31). Group 1: impressions were made with silicone (Express™ Impression, 3M ESPE) and overlays were manufactured with Sinfony composite (3M ESPE) by the laboratory technician. Group 2: impressions were taken with the scanner True Definition (TD, 3M ESPE) and under Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM Restorative composite (3M ESPE) were produced the restorations. Under 32x magnification images of vestibular, lingual, mesial and distal were capture in all the samples. Then the fit of the restorations was evaluated before and after cementation. Data were analysed statistically applying ANOVA and Bonferroni test.
Results The marginal gap was better in TD group before (169,76 ± 54,15 µm) and after (145,16 ± 57,89 µm) cementation than in the silicone group (190,89 ± 58,18 µm) (187,47 ± 81,29 µm). The lowest marginal gap was in oclusal surface and the higher value was in the proximal margin for all the groups.
Conclusions Digital impressions regarding marginal adaptation achieve better results than conventional impressions. Key words:Composite onlays, overlays, restorative, CAD/CAM, intraoral scanner, silicone impressions, marginal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla García-Cuesta
- PHD student. Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Faus-Llácer
- Director of the master's Program in Endodontics. Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - René Botello-Torres
- Professor of the master's Program in Endodontics. Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Faus-Matoses
- Co-director of the master's Program in Endodontics. Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain
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Resin Composite Materials for Chairside CAD/CAM Restorations: A Comparison of Selected Mechanical Properties. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:8828954. [PMID: 34007429 PMCID: PMC8099508 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8828954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim was to evaluate the flexural strength, flexural modulus, microhardness, Weibull modulus, and characteristic strength of six resin composite blocks (Grandio Blocs-GR, Tetric CAD-TE, Brilliant Crios-CR, Katana Avencia-AV, Cerasmart-CS, and Shofu Block HC-HC). Methods Flexural strength and flexural modulus were measured using a three-point bending test and microhardness using the Vickers method. Weibull analysis was also performed. Results The materials showed flexural strength ranging from 120.38 (HC) to 186.02 MPa (GR), flexural modulus from 8.26 (HC) to 16.95 GPa (GR), and microhardness from 70.85 (AV) to 140.43 (GR). Weibull modulus and characteristic strength ranged from 16.35 (CS) to 34.98 (TE) and from 123.45 MPa (HC) to 190.3 MPa (GR), respectively. Conclusions GR, TE, and CR presented significantly higher flexural strength, modulus, Weibull modulus, and characteristic strength than the others.
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Oouchi H, Takamizawa T, Tamura T, Ishii R, Tsujimoto A, Miyazaki M, Kitahara N. Flexural properties and wear behavior of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing resin blocks. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:979-985. [PMID: 33883355 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the flexural properties, Knoop hardness number (KHN), and wear behavior of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin blocks and compares these values with those of conventional resin composites for direct restoration (RCDs). Four CAD/CAM resin blocks and two RCDs are compared. Ten specimens per material are used to obtain the flexural properties according to ISO 6872 specifications, and five specimens per material are used for KHN measurement. For sliding impact wear testing, twelve specimens are prepared. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM) is used to determine maximum facet depth and volume loss. Polished material surfaces and worn surfaces after wear testing are observed using scanning electron microscopy and LSM. While measured flexural properties and KHN are found to be material-dependent, CAD/CAM resin blocks exhibit higher wear resistance than RCDs. CAD/CAM resin blocks polymerized at high-pressure and high-temperature are found to exhibit wear behaviors far superior to those of RCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Oouchi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Ryo Ishii
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Akimasa Tsujimoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Masashi Miyazaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Nobuya Kitahara
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Team Tokyo
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Characterisation of the Filler Fraction in CAD/CAM Resin-Based Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081986. [PMID: 33921076 PMCID: PMC8071413 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The performance of dental resin-based composites (RBCs) heavily depends on the characteristic properties of the individual filler fraction. As specific information regarding the properties of the filler fraction is often missing, the current study aims to characterize the filler fractions of several contemporary computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) RBCs from a material science point of view. The filler fractions of seven commercially available CAD/CAM RBCs featuring different translucency variants were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Micro-X-ray Computed Tomography (µXCT), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD). All CAD/CAM RBCs investigated included midifill hybrid type filler fractions, and the size of the individual particles was clearly larger than the individual specifications of the manufacturer. The fillers in Shofu Block HC featured a sphericity of ≈0.8, while it was <0.7 in all other RBCs. All RBCs featured only X-ray amorphous phases. However, in Lava Ultimate, zircon crystals with low crystallinity were detected. In some CAD/CAM RBCs, inhomogeneities (X-ray opaque fillers or pores) with a size <80 µm were identified, but the effects were minor in relation to the total volume (<0.01 vol.%). The characteristic parameters of the filler fraction in RBCs are essential for the interpretation of the individual material's mechanical and optical properties.
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