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Bahabayi A, Zhang YH, Yuan Z, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zeng X, Guan Z, Wang P, Liu C. FCRL3 expression is upregulated and closely correlates with TIGIT expression in regulatory T cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350739. [PMID: 38461541 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Using data from single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry, we initially examined the expression of FCRL3, finding it to be elevated and positively associated with TIGIT expression in the regulatory T cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. This also suggests that the co-expression of FCRL3 and TIGIT warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayibaota Bahabayi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zihang Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yiying Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyue Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Guan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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2
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Mao XF, Zhang XQ, Yao ZY, Mao HJ. Advances in mesenchymal stem cells therapy for tendinopathies. Chin J Traumatol 2024; 27:11-17. [PMID: 38052701 PMCID: PMC10859297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathies are chronic diseases of an unknown etiology and associated with inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a viable therapeutic option to combat the pathological progression of tendinopathies, not only because of their potential for multidirectional differentiation and self-renewal, but also their excellent immunomodulatory properties. The immunomodulatory effects of MSCs are increasingly being recognized as playing a crucial role in the treatment of tendinopathies, with MSCs being pivotal in regulating the inflammatory microenvironment by modulating the immune response, ultimately contributing to improved tissue repair. This review will discuss the current knowledge regarding the application of MSCs in tendinopathy treatments through the modulation of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Xi-Qian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Hai-Jiao Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang province, China.
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3
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Liang X, Du L, Fan Y. The potential of FCRL genes as targets for cancer treatment: insights from bioinformatics and immunology. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204766. [PMID: 37285836 PMCID: PMC10292877 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a prevalent and dangerous disease that requires a multifaceted approach to treatment. The FCRL family gene has been linked to immune function and tumor progression. Bioinformatics may help unravel their role in cancer treatment. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FCRL family genes in pan-cancer using publicly available databases and online tools. Specifically, we examined gene expression, prognostic significance, mutation profiles, drug resistance, as well as biological and immunomodulatory roles. Our data were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, cBioPortal, STRING, GSCALite, Cytoscape, and R software. The expression of FCRL genes varies significantly across different tumor types and normal tissues. While high expression of most FCRL genes is associated with a protective effect in many cancers, FCRLB appears to be a risk factor in several types of cancer. Alterations in FCRL family genes, particularly through amplification and mutation, are common in cancers. These genes are closely linked to classical cancer pathways such as apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, and DNA damage response. Enrichment analysis indicates that FCRL family genes are predominantly associated with immune cell activation and differentiation. Immunological assays demonstrate a strong positive correlation between FCRL family genes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), immunostimulators, and immunoinhibitors. Furthermore, FCRL family genes can enhance the sensitivity of various anticancer drugs. The FCRL family genes are vital in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Targeting these genes in conjunction with immunotherapy could enhance cancer treatment efficacy. Further research is required to determine their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuchao Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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4
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Balunathan N, Rani G U, Perumal V, Kumarasamy P. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Interleukin - 4, Interleukin-18, FCRL3 and sPLA2IIa genes and their association in pathogenesis of endometriosis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4239-4252. [PMID: 36905404 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a complex gynaecological disorder that contributes to infertility, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and other chronic issues. It is a multifactorial disease involving genetic, hormonal, immunological and environmental components. Endometriosis's pathogenesis remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY was to analyse the polymorphisms in Interleukin 4, Interleukin 18, FCRL3 and sPLA2IIa genes to identify any significant association with the risk of endometriosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study evaluated the polymorphism of -590 C/T in interleukin- 4(IL-4) gene, C607A in Interleukin - 18(IL-18) gene, -169T > C in FCRL3 gene and 763 C > G in sPLA2IIa gene in women with endometriosis. The case-control study included 150 women with endometriosis and 150 apparently healthy women as control subjects. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and endometriotic tissue of cases and blood samples for controls and further analysed by PCR amplification and then sequencing was carried out to find the allele and genotypes of the subjects and then to analyse the relationship between the gene polymorphisms and endometriosis. To evaluate the association of the different genotypes, 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS Interleukin - 18 and FCRL3 gene polymorphisms of endometriotic tissue and blood samples of endometriosis (cases) showed significantly associated (OR = 4.88 [95% CI = 2.31-10.30], P > 0.0001) and (OR = 4.00 [95% CI = 2.2-7.33], P > 0.0001) when compared with normal blood samples. However, there was no significant difference in Interleukin - 4 and sPLA2IIa gene polymorphisms between control women and patients with endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that the IL-18 and FCRL3 gene polymorphisms are associated with a higher risk for endometriosis, which delivers valuable knowledge of endometriosis's pathogenesis. However, a larger sample size of patients from various ethnic backgrounds is necessary to evaluate whether these alleles have a direct effect on disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhini Balunathan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical sciences & technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University, Porur, Chennai, India.
| | - Usha Rani G
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical sciences & technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - P Kumarasamy
- Controller of examinations, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal sciences university, Chennai, India
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Mahlobo B, Laher F, Smidt W, Ogunshola F, Khaba T, Nkosi T, Mbatha A, Ngubane T, Dong K, Jajbhay I, Pansegrouw J, Ndhlovu ZM. The impact of HIV infection on the frequencies, function, spatial localization and heterogeneity of T follicular regulatory cells (TFRs) within human lymph nodes. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:34. [PMID: 35778692 PMCID: PMC9250173 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV eradication efforts have been unsuccessful partly due to virus persistence in immune sanctuary sites such as germinal centres within lymph node (LN) tissues. Recent evidence suggests that LNs harbour a novel subset of regulatory T cells, termed follicular regulatory T cells (TFRs), but their role in HIV pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. RESULTS Paired excisional LN and peripheral blood samples obtained from 20 HIV-uninfected and 31 HIV-infected treated and 7 chronic untreated, were used to determine if and how HIV infection modulate frequencies, function and spatial localization of TFRs within LN tissues. Imaging studies showed that most TFRs are localized in extra-follicular regions. Co-culture assays showed TFRs suppression of TFH help to B cells. Importantly, epigenetic and transcriptional studies identified DPP4 and FCRL3 as novel phenotypic markers that define four functionally distinct TFR subpopulations in human LNs regardless of HIV status. Imaging studies confirmed the regulatory phenotype of DPP4+TFRs. CONCLUSION Together these studies describe TFRs dynamic changes during HIV infection and reveal previously underappreciated TFR heterogeneity within human LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongiwe Mahlobo
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Faatima Laher
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Werner Smidt
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Funsho Ogunshola
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Trevor Khaba
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thandeka Nkosi
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anele Mbatha
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thandekile Ngubane
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Krista Dong
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ismail Jajbhay
- KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Johan Pansegrouw
- KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Zaza M Ndhlovu
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Ye Q, Singh S, Qian PR, Guo NL. Immune-Omics Networks of CD27, PD1, and PDL1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4296. [PMID: 34503105 PMCID: PMC8428355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, there are no prognostic/predictive biomarkers to select chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy in individual non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Major immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have more DNA copy number variations (CNV) than mutations in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) NSCLC tumors. Nevertheless, CNV-mediated dysregulated gene expression in NSCLC is not well understood. Integrated CNV and transcriptional profiles in NSCLC tumors (n = 371) were analyzed using Boolean implication networks for the identification of a multi-omics CD27, PD1, and PDL1 network, containing novel prognostic genes and proliferation genes. A 5-gene (EIF2AK3, F2RL3, FOSL1, SLC25A26, and SPP1) prognostic model was developed and validated for patient stratification (p < 0.02, Kaplan-Meier analyses) in NSCLC tumors (n = 1163). A total of 13 genes (COPA, CSE1L, EIF2B3, LSM3, MCM5, PMPCB, POLR1B, POLR2F, PSMC3, PSMD11, RPL32, RPS18, and SNRPE) had a significant impact on proliferation in 100% of the NSCLC cell lines in both CRISPR-Cas9 (n = 78) and RNA interference (RNAi) assays (n = 92). Multiple identified genes were associated with chemoresponse and radiotherapy response in NSCLC cell lines (n = 117) and patient tumors (n = 966). Repurposing drugs were discovered based on this immune-omics network to improve NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (Q.Y.); (S.S.); (P.R.Q.)
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Salvi Singh
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (Q.Y.); (S.S.); (P.R.Q.)
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Peter R. Qian
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (Q.Y.); (S.S.); (P.R.Q.)
| | - Nancy Lan Guo
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (Q.Y.); (S.S.); (P.R.Q.)
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Pieren DKJ, Smits NAM, Hoeboer J, Kandiah V, Postel RJ, Mariman R, Beek J, Baarle D, Wit J, Guichelaar T. Regulatory KIR + RA + T cells accumulate with age and are highly activated during viral respiratory disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13372. [PMID: 34043881 PMCID: PMC8208794 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe respiratory viral infectious diseases such as influenza and COVID‐19 especially affect the older population. This is partly ascribed to diminished CD8+ T‐cell responses a result of aging. The phenotypical diversity of the CD8+ T‐cell population has made it difficult to identify the impact of aging on CD8+ T‐cell subsets associated with diminished CD8+ T‐cell responses. Here we identify a novel human CD8+ T‐cell subset characterized by expression of Killer‐cell Immunoglobulin‐like Receptors (KIR+) and CD45RA (RA+). These KIR+RA+ T cells accumulated with age in the blood of healthy individuals (20–82 years of age, n = 50), expressed high levels of aging‐related markers of T‐cell regulation, and were functionally capable of suppressing proliferation of other CD8+ T cells. Moreover, KIR+RA+ T cells were a major T‐cell subset becoming activated in older adults suffering from an acute respiratory viral infection (n = 36), including coronavirus and influenza virus infection. In addition, older adults with influenza A infection showed that higher activation status of their KIR+RA+ T cells associated with longer duration of respiratory symptoms. Together, our data indicate that KIR+RA+ T cells are a unique human T‐cell subset with regulatory properties that may explain susceptibility to viral respiratory disease at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan K. J. Pieren
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Noortje A. M. Smits
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hoeboer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Vinitha Kandiah
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Rimke J. Postel
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Rob Mariman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Josine Beek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Debbie Baarle
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Wit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Teun Guichelaar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven The Netherlands
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8
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Tolnay M. Lymphocytes sense antibodies through human FCRL proteins: Emerging roles in mucosal immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:477-487. [PMID: 33884658 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ru0221-102rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Fc receptor-like (FCRL) family modulate B and T cell responses, yet their functional roles remain enigmatic. Nevertheless, FCRL3 promoter polymorphism that alters gene expression has been associated with autoimmune disease risk, indicating physiologic importance. Providing essential functional context, human FCRL3, FCRL4, and FCRL5 have recently been identified as secretory IgA (SIgA), dimeric IgA, and IgG receptors, respectively, revealing novel ways lymphocytes can interact with antibodies. FCRL3 and FCRL4 are able to distinguish the mucosal and systemic origin of IgA-containing immune complexes, respectively, with clear implications in guiding mucosal responses. SIgA can signal mucosal breach through FCRL3, driving the functional plasticity of regulatory T cells toward inflammatory to help control invading pathogens. Conversely, recognition of dimeric IgA by FCRL4 on memory B cells located in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues could promote tolerance to commensals. Memory B cells that accumulate under conditions of chronic antigen presence frequently express FCRL4 and FCRL5, and antibody ligands could provide functional feedback to the cells. FCRL5 apparently recognizes the age of the IgG molecule, using deamidation as a molecular clock, conceivably playing regulatory roles in chronic antibody responses. A framework of FCRL3, FCRL4, and FCRL5 operating as sensors of antibodies in immune complexes is proposed. Sensing the spatial origin and age of immune complexes can shape lymphocyte functional attributes and inform their participation in mucosal immune responses. The potential contributions of FCRL3 and SIgA to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mate Tolnay
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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9
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Davis RS. Roles for the FCRL6 Immunoreceptor in Tumor Immunology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575175. [PMID: 33162991 PMCID: PMC7591390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Fc receptor-like (FCRL1-6) gene family encode transmembrane glycoproteins that are preferentially expressed by B cells and generally repress responses via cytoplasmic tyrosine-based regulation. Given their distribution and function, there is a growing appreciation for their roles in lymphoproliferative disorders and as immunotherapeutic targets. In contrast to FCRL1-5, FCRL6 is distinctly expressed outside the B lineage by cytotoxic T and NK lymphocytes. Its restricted expression by these orchestrators of cell-mediated immunity, along with its inhibitory properties and extracellular interactions with MHCII/HLA-DR, represent a newly appreciated axis with relevance in tolerance and cancer defense. The significance of FCRL6 in this arena has been recently demonstrated by its upregulation in HLA-DR+ tumor samples from melanoma, breast, and lung cancer patients who relapsed following PD-1 blockade. These findings imply a potential mechanistic role for FCRL6 in adaptive evasion to immune checkpoint therapy. Here we review these new developments in the FCRL field and identify new evidence for the prognostic significance of FCRL6 in malignancies that collectively indicate its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall S Davis
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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10
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Agarwal S, Kraus Z, Dement-Brown J, Alabi O, Starost K, Tolnay M. Human Fc Receptor-like 3 Inhibits Regulatory T Cell Function and Binds Secretory IgA. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1292-1299.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Yousefi Z, Sharifzadeh S, Yar-Ahmadi V, Andalib A, Eskandari N. Fc Receptor-Like 1 as a Promising Target for Immunotherapeutic Interventions of B-Cell-Related Disorders. Biomark Insights 2019; 14:1177271919882351. [PMID: 31798301 PMCID: PMC6864034 DOI: 10.1177/1177271919882351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human B-cell responses are regulated through synergy between a collection of activation and inhibitory receptors. Fc receptor-like (FCRL) molecules have recently been identified as co-receptors that are preferentially expressed in human B-cells, which may also play an important role in the regulation of human B-cell responses. FCRL1 is a member of the FCRL family molecules with 2 immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in its cytoplasmic tail. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory roles of FCRL1 in human B-cell responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The regulatory potential of FCRL1 in human B-cell through knockdown of FCRL1 expression in the Ramos and Daudi Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines by using the retroviral-based short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) delivery method. The functional consequences of FCRL1 knockdown were assessed by measuring the proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bid, and Bax genes as well as phosphoinositide-3 kinase/-serine-threonine kinase AKT (PI3K/p-AKT) pathway in the BL cells, using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry analysis. The NF-κB activity was also measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS FCRL1 knockdown significantly decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptotic cell death in the BL cells. There was a significant reduction in the extent of the Bcl-2 gene expression in the treated BL cells compared with control cells. On the contrary, FCRL1 knockdown increased the expression levels of Bid and Bax genes in the treated BL cells when compared with control cells. In addition, the extent of the PI3K/p-AKT expression and phosphorylated-p65 NF-κB activity was significantly decreased in the treated BL cells compared with control cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that FCRL1 can play a key role in the activation of human B-cell responses and has the potential to serve as a target for immunotherapy of FCRL1 positive B-cell-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of
Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sharifzadeh
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and
Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of
Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vali Yar-Ahmadi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of
Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Andalib
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of
Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of
Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Applied Physiology Research Center,
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Longo UG, Candela V, Berton A, Salvatore G, Guarnieri A, DeAngelis J, Nazarian A, Denaro V. Genetic basis of rotator cuff injury: a systematic review. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:149. [PMID: 31477042 PMCID: PMC6720871 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Rotator cuff disease is a widespread musculoskeletal pathology and a major cause of shoulder pain. Studies on familial predisposition suggest that genetic plays a role in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff disease. Several genes are responsible for rotator cuff disease. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on genetic association between rotator cuff disease and genes variations. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase and Google Scholar databases were searched comprehensively using the keywords: “Rotator cuff”, “Gene”, “Genetic”, “Predisposition”, “Single-nucleotide polymorphism” and “Genome-wide association”. Results 8 studies investigating genes variations associated with rotator cuff tears were included in this review. 6 studies were case-control studies on candidate genes and 2 studies were GWASs. A significant association between SNPs and rotator cuff disease was found for DEFB1, FGFR1, FGFR3, ESRRB, FGF10, MMP-1, TNC, FCRL3, SASH1, SAP30BP, rs71404070 located next to cadherin8. Contradictory results were reported for MMP-3. Conclusion Further investigations are warranted to identify complete genetic profiles of rotator cuff disease and to clarify the complex interaction between genes, encoded proteins and environment. This may lead to individualized strategies for prevention and treatment of rotator cuff disease. Level of evidence Level IV, Systematic Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Candela
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berton
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salvatore
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Guarnieri
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph DeAngelis
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Trigoria, 00128, Rome, Italy
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13
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Yousefi Z, Eskandari N. Prognostic significance of Fc receptor-like 1 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and various B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leuk Res Rep 2019; 12:100181. [PMID: 31467839 PMCID: PMC6710560 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc receptor-like 1 (FCRL1) positively regulates B-cell responses and may involve in the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies. This study examined the expression pattern of FCRL1 in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients using real-time PCR and flow cytometry. The results revealed higher levels of FCRL1 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and Burkitt lymphoma patients compared with control groups. There was a significant reduction in the levels of FCRL1 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma patients compared with healthy individuals. These findings suggest FCRL1 as an excellent marker for the prognosis or immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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Bin Dhuban K, Bartolucci S, d'Hennezel E, Piccirillo CA. Signaling Through gp130 Compromises Suppressive Function in Human FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1532. [PMID: 31379810 PMCID: PMC6657659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) subset is an indispensable mediator of immune tolerance. While high and stable expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 is considered a hallmark feature of Treg cells, our previous studies have demonstrated that the human FOXP3+ subset is functionally heterogeneous, whereby a sizeable proportion of FOXP3+ cells in healthy individuals have a diminished capacity to suppress the proliferation and cytokine production of responder cells. Notably, these non-suppressive cells are indistinguishable from suppressive Treg cells using conventional markers of human Treg. Here we investigate potential factors that underlie loss of suppressive function in human Treg cells. We show that high expression of the IL-6 family cytokine receptor subunit gp130 identifies Treg cells with reduced suppressive capacity ex vivo and in primary FOXP3+ clones. We further show that two gp130-signaling cytokines, IL-6 and IL-27, impair the suppressive capacity of human Treg cells. Finally, we show that gp130 signaling reduces the expression of the transcription factor Helios, whose expression is essential for stable Treg function. These results highlight the role of gp130 in regulating human Treg function, and suggest that modulation of gp130 signaling may serve as a potential avenue for the therapeutic manipulation of human Treg function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bin Dhuban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Bartolucci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eva d'Hennezel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Gu Z, Shen Y, Tang XY, Ke X, Yao HB, Hong SL, Kang HY. Genetic risk of FCRL3 and FCRL5 polymorphisms in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis in a Chinese Han population. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 120:58-63. [PMID: 30771554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) frequently occur as comorbid diseases of the upper airways. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FCRL3 and FCRL5 genes have recently been shown to be associated with various immune-related disorders. This study evaluated the association of FCRL3 and FCRL5 polymorphisms with asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) in a Han Chinese population. METHODS Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FCRL3 and FCRL5 were genotyped in 300 asthmatic children, and 206 healthy unrelated individuals using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Genotyping was validated by direct sequencing. RESULTS Our results showed that the frequencies of the rs6692977 CT genotype and T allele within FCRL5 were significantly higher in asthma with comorbid AR compared to healthy controls (Bonferroni-corrected p (Pc) = 3.75 × 10-6; Pc = 0.006, respectively), whereas these of the CC genotype and C allele were significantly lower (Pc = 4.15 × 10-5; Pc = 0.006, respectively). The frequencies of the rs7528684 A allele (Pc = 1.80 × 10-3) and the rs10489678 G allele (Pc = 0.04) within FCRL3 were higher in asthma with comorbid AR than in controls. However, no differences in the tested genetic polymorphisms were detected between asthma and healthy individuals. CONCLUSION This study identified novel SNPs in FCRL3 and FCRL5 significantly associated with the risk for asthma with comorbid AR in the Chinese population. The genetic variants may play role in the development of the asthma phenotype in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Pediatric Research Institute of Chongqing Medical University, National Key Disciplinary Areas of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin-Ye Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Pediatric Research Institute of Chongqing Medical University, National Key Disciplinary Areas of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xia Ke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hong-Bing Yao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Pediatric Research Institute of Chongqing Medical University, National Key Disciplinary Areas of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Su-Ling Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hou-Yong Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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16
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Salles JI, Lopes LR, Duarte MEL, Morrissey D, Martins MB, Machado DE, Guimarães JAM, Perini JA. Fc receptor-like 3 (-169T>C) polymorphism increases the risk of tendinopathy in volleyball athletes: a case control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:119. [PMID: 30021560 PMCID: PMC6052601 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Tendinopathy pathogenesis is associated with inflammation. Regulatory T (Treg) cells contribute to early tissue repair through an anti-inflammatory action, with the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) transcription factor being essential for Treg function, and the FC-receptor-like 3 (FCRL3) possibly negatively regulating Treg function. FCRL3 –169T>C and FOXP3 –2383C>T polymorphisms are located near elements that regulate respective genes expression, thus it was deemed relevant to evaluate these polymorphisms as risk factors for tendinopathy development in athletes. Methods This case-control study included 271 volleyball athletes (146 tendinopathy cases and 125 controls) recruited from the Brazilian Volleyball Federation. Genotyping analyses were performed using TaqMan assays, and the association of the polymorphisms with tendinopathy evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. Results Tendinopathy frequency was 63% patellar, 22% rotator cuff and 15% Achilles tendons respectively. Tendinopathy was more common in men (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.67–4.93). Higher age (OR = 8.75; 95% CI = 4.33–17.69) and more years of volleyball practice (OR = 8.38; 95% CI = 3.56–19.73) were risk factors for tendinopathy. The FCRL3 –169T>C frequency was significantly different between cases and controls. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the FCRL3 –169C polymorphism was associated with increased tendinopathy risk (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.02–2.04), either considering athletes playing with tendon pain (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.30–3.01) or unable to train due to pain (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.01–3.53). The combined variant genotypes, FCRL3 –169TC or –169CC and FOXP3 –2383CT or –2383TT, were associated with an increased risk of tendinopathy among athletes with tendon pain (OR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.14–4.40 and OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.11–6.10). The combined analysis of FCRL3 –169T>C and FOXP3 –2383C>T suggests a gene-gene interaction in the susceptibility to tendinopathy. Conclusions FCRL3 –169C allele may increase the risk of developing tendinopathy, and together with knowledge of potential risk factors (age, gender and years playing) could be used to personalize elite athletes’ training or treatment in combination with other approaches, with the aim of minimizing pathology development risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Inácio Salles
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Avenida Brasil, 500, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-070, Brazil.,Federation International de Volleyball (FIVB) - Coach Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centre for Sports Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lucas Rafael Lopes
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Avenida Brasil, 500, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-070, Brazil.,Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Zone State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Program of Post-graduation in Public Health and Environment, National School of Public Health, Oswald Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugenia Leite Duarte
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Avenida Brasil, 500, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-070, Brazil
| | - Dylan Morrissey
- Centre for Sports Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Marilena Bezerra Martins
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Avenida Brasil, 500, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-070, Brazil
| | - Daniel Escorsim Machado
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Zone State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Matheus Guimarães
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Avenida Brasil, 500, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-070, Brazil
| | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Avenida Brasil, 500, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-070, Brazil. .,Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Zone State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Program of Post-graduation in Public Health and Environment, National School of Public Health, Oswald Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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17
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Rostamzadeh D, Kazemi T, Amirghofran Z, Shabani M. Update on Fc receptor-like (FCRL) family: new immunoregulatory players in health and diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:487-502. [PMID: 29737217 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1472768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fc receptor-like (FCRL) molecules, as recently identified members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), are preferentially expressed by B-cells. They have variable number of extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and cytoplasmic activating ITAMs and/or inhibitory ITIMs. FCRL1-5 are dominantly expressed in different stages of B-cells development. But, FCRL6 is preferentially expressed in different subsets of T-cells and NK cells. FCRL1-5 could regulate different features of B-cell evolution such as development, differentiation, activation, antibody secretion and isotype switching. Areas covered: Improved understanding of FCRL expression may grant B-cells and finally its signaling pathways, alone or in cooperation with other signaling molecules, as interesting new targets for diagnostic, monitoring and immunotherapeutic modalities; although further investigations remain to be defined. Recent investigations on different family members of FCRL proteins have substantiated their differential expression on different tissues, malignancies, immune related disease and infectious diseases. Expert opinion: FCRLs restricted expressions in normal B-cells and T-cell subsets accompanied with their overexpression in B-cell malignancies introduce them as logical candidates for the development of antibody- and cell-based immunotherapy approaches in B-cell malignancies, immune-mediated and infectious diseases. FCRLs would be applied as attractive and specific targets for immunodiagnostic approaches, clinical prognosis as well as disease monitoring of relevant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Rostamzadeh
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- b Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- c Department of Immunology, Medical School , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.,d Autoimmune Disease Research Center and Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mahdi Shabani
- e Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,f Monoclonal Antibody Research Center , Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
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18
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Mohr A, Malhotra R, Mayer G, Gorochov G, Miyara M. Human FOXP3 + T regulatory cell heterogeneity. Clin Transl Immunology 2018; 7:e1005. [PMID: 29484183 PMCID: PMC5822410 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP3-expressing CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells are instrumental for the maintenance of self-tolerance. They are also involved in the prevention of allergy, allograft rejection, foetal rejection during pregnancy and of exaggerated immune response towards commensal pathogens in mucosal tissues. They can also prevent immune responses against tumors and promote tumor progression. FOXP3-expressing Treg cells are not a homogenous population. The different subsets of Treg cells can have different functions or roles in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and can therefore be differentially targeted in the management of autoimmune diseases or in cancer. We discuss here how Treg cell subsets can be differentiated phenotypically, functionally and developmentally in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Mohr
- Sorbonne UniversitéInsermCentre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses‐Paris (Cimi‐Paris)AP‐HP Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Rajneesh Malhotra
- Immunity departmentRIA IMED Biotech UnitAstraZeneca GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Gaell Mayer
- Biometrics & Information SciencesRespiratory, Inflammation, Autoimmunity & NeurosciencesGlobal Medicine Development, AstraZenecaMölndalSweden
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne UniversitéInsermCentre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses‐Paris (Cimi‐Paris)AP‐HP Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
- Département d'ImmunologieAP‐HP, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Makoto Miyara
- Sorbonne UniversitéInsermCentre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses‐Paris (Cimi‐Paris)AP‐HP Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
- Département d'ImmunologieAP‐HP, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
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19
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Pawłowicz M, Filipów R, Krzykowski G, Stanisławska-Sachadyn A, Morzuch L, Kulczycka J, Balcerska A, Limon J. Coincidence of PTPN22 c.1858CC and FCRL3 -169CC genotypes as a biomarker of preserved residual β-cell function in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:696-705. [PMID: 27615679 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genotype-phenotype studies in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients are needed for further development of therapy strategies. OBJECTIVE Our aims were to investigate the distribution of selected PTPN22 and FCRL3 gene polymorphisms and their associations with clinical course of disease in children with newly diagnosed T1DM from the Pomeranian region of Poland. SUBJECTS/METHODS The prospective, longitudinal study of 147 children with newly diagnosed T1DM-autoimmune subtype was conducted. The PTPN22 c.1858T>C (rs2476601) and FCRL3 -169C>T (rs7528684) polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing. The frequencies of genotypes were compared between the study and population-matched control group (327 random anonymous samples from the Pomeranian region). Selected patients underwent a 24-monthly follow up [periodic re-evaluation of fasting C-peptide concentration (FCP) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) level]. RESULTS A significantly lower coincidence of the PTPN22 c.1858CC and FCRL3 -169CC genotypes was found in the study group compared with controls (P = 0.04). The PTPN22 c.1858CC and FCRL3 -169CC genotype combination, restricted to female patients only, was associated with well-preserved residual β-cell function throughout the entire follow up (prolonged FCP level increase up to the sixth month of disease, with further very stable dynamics-FCP median level ≥0.67 ng/mL without significant decrease up to the 24th month). HbA1c levels in this subgroup also remained the lowest during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Ascertained phenomenon could be explained by an interacting mechanism of the two polymorphisms through estrogen-regulated nuclear factor kappa B signaling in regulatory T (Treg ) lymphocytes. This hypothesis, if confirmed, may lead to further development of Treg administration-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pawłowicz
- Department of Paediatrics, Haematology, Oncology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Developmental Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Filipów
- Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Krzykowski
- Institute of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Lucyna Morzuch
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Julia Kulczycka
- Laboratory of Immunology and Clinic Transplantology, University Clinical Centre of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Balcerska
- Department of Paediatrics, Haematology, Oncology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Limon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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20
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Benoit BM, Jariwala N, O'Connor G, Oetjen LK, Whelan TM, Werth A, Troxel AB, Sicard H, Zhu L, Miller C, Takeshita J, McVicar DW, Kim BS, Rook AH, Wysocka M. CD164 identifies CD4 + T cells highly expressing genes associated with malignancy in Sézary syndrome: the Sézary signature genes, FCRL3, Tox, and miR-214. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:11-19. [PMID: 27766406 PMCID: PMC5357118 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS), a leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), is associated with a significantly shorter life expectancy compared to skin-restricted mycosis fungoides. Early diagnosis of SS is, therefore, key to achieving enhanced therapeutic responses. However, the lack of a biomarker(s) highly specific for malignant CD4+ T cells in SS patients has been a serious obstacle in making an early diagnosis. We recently demonstrated the high expression of CD164 on CD4+ T cells from Sézary syndrome patients with a wide range of circulating tumor burdens. To further characterize CD164 as a potential biomarker for malignant CD4+ T cells, CD164+ and CD164-CD4+ T cells isolated from patients with high-circulating tumor burden, B2 stage, and medium/low tumor burden, B1-B0 stage, were assessed for the expression of genes reported to differentiate SS from normal controls, and associated with malignancy and poor prognosis. The expression of Sézary signature genes: T plastin, GATA-3, along with FCRL3, Tox, and miR-214, was significantly higher, whereas STAT-4 was lower, in CD164+ compared with CD164-CD4+ T cells. While Tox was highly expressed in both B2 and B1-B0 patients, the expression of Sézary signature genes, FCRL3, and miR-214 was associated predominantly with advanced B2 disease. High expression of CD164 mRNA and protein was also detected in skin from CTCL patients. CD164 was co-expressed with KIR3DL2 on circulating CD4+ T cells from high tumor burden SS patients, further providing strong support for CD164 as a disease relevant surface biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice M Benoit
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Neha Jariwala
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Geraldine O'Connor
- National Cancer Institute, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Landon K Oetjen
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy M Whelan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrienne Werth
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrea B Troxel
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hélène Sicard
- Innate Pharma, Research and Drug Development, Marseille, France
| | - Lisa Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Junko Takeshita
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- National Cancer Institute, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alain H Rook
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maria Wysocka
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1049 BRB, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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21
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Li H, Borrego F, Nagata S, Tolnay M. Fc Receptor-like 5 Expression Distinguishes Two Distinct Subsets of Human Circulating Tissue-like Memory B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4064-74. [PMID: 27076679 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fc receptor-like (FCRL) 5 is a novel IgG binding protein expressed on B cells, with the capacity to regulate Ag receptor signaling. We assessed FCRL5 expression on circulating B cells from healthy donors and found that FCRL5(+) cells are most enriched among atypical CD21(-/lo)/CD27(-) tissue-like memory (TLM) B cells, which are abnormally expanded in several autoimmune and infectious diseases. Using multicolor flow cytometry, FCRL5(+) TLM cells were found to express more CD11c and several inhibitory receptors than did the FCRL5(-) TLM subset. The homing receptor profiles of the two TLM subsets shared features consistent with migration away from lymphoid tissues, but they also displayed distinct differences. Analysis of IgH V regions in single cells indicated that although both subsets are diverse, the FCRL5(+) subset accumulated significantly more somatic mutations. Furthermore, the FCRL5(+) subset had more switched isotype expression and more extensive proliferative history. Microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that the two TLM subsets possess distinct gene expression profiles, characterized by markedly different CD11c, SOX5, T-bet, and RTN4R expression, as well as differences in expression of inhibitory receptors. Functional analysis revealed that the FCRL5(+) TLM subset responds poorly to multiple stimuli compared with the FCRL5(-) subset, as reflected by reduced calcium mobilization and blunted cell proliferation. We propose that the FCRL5(+) TLM subset, but not the FCRL5(-) TLM subset, underwent Ag-driven development and is severely dysfunctional. The present study elucidates the heterogeneity of TLM B cells and provides the basis to dissect their roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; and
| | - Satoshi Nagata
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Mate Tolnay
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993;
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Hahn SA, Bellinghausen I, Trinschek B, Becker C. Translating Treg Therapy in Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2015; 6:623. [PMID: 26697017 PMCID: PMC4677486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) control immune cell function as well as non-immunological processes. Their far-reaching regulatory activities suggest their functional manipulation as a means to sustainably and causally intervene with the course of diseases. Preclinical tools and strategies are however needed to further test and develop interventional strategies outside the human body. “Humanized” mouse models consisting of mice engrafted with human immune cells and tissues provide new tools to analyze human Treg ontogeny, immunobiology, and therapy. Here, we summarize the current state of humanized mouse models as a means to study human Treg function at the molecular level and to design strategies to harness these cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne A Hahn
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Iris Bellinghausen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Bettina Trinschek
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Li G, Wang S, Zhang S, Xie B. Association of FCRL3 Genetic Polymorphisms With Endometriosis-Related Infertility Risk: An Independent Study in Han Chinese. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1168. [PMID: 26334889 PMCID: PMC4616513 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fc receptor-like 3 (FCRL3) gene was reported to be linked to a variety of autoimmune diseases, including endometriosis-related infertility. However, this linkage has not been studied in Chinese population and there has been no meta-analysis on the interrelationship of FCRL3 gene and endometriosis-related infertility. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between FCRL3 genetic polymorphisms and the risk of endometriosis-related infertility in Han Chinese, and a further meta-analysis was conducted to confirm our results.Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7528684 [FCRL3_3], rs11264799 [FCRL3_4], rs945635 [FCRL3_5], and rs3761959 [FCRL3_6]) on FCRL3 gene were genotyped in a case-control cohort composed of 217 patients suffering from endometriosis-related infertility and 220 healthy controls using cleaved amplification polymorphism sequence-tagged sites (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-RFLP). Odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the association quantitatively. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of previous studies including the present study was implemented through Stata 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX).We found an approximately 1.4-fold significantly increased frequency of the FCRL3_3 variant in women with endometriosis-related infertility over the controls (OR = 1.41 [95% CI = 1.08-1.84], P = 0.013). However, no significant difference was found between women with endometriosis-related infertility and controls for FCRL3_4, FCRL3_5, and FCRL3_6. Regardless of the symptoms and the revised classification of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (rASRM) stage of endometriosis, there was a significant association between FCRL3_3 variant and an increased risk of endometriosis-related infertility. Meta-analysis of previous studies combined with the present study further confirmed the association between FCRL3_3 and the risk of endometriosis-related infertility.In summary, the present study suggested that FCRL3_3 variant was associated with an increased risk of endometriosis-related infertility, regardless of symptoms, and rASRM stage of the patients. Meta-analysis of previous studies combined with the present study further confirmed our results. Further large-scale studies in the future are warranted to explore the association between FCRL3 genetic polymorphisms and endometriosis-related infertility, as well as other human diseases, in Asian and other ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- From the Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (HZ) and Gynecology Ward-1 (HZ, ZZ, BX); Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery (GL), and Gynecology Ward-3 (SW), Linyi City People's Hospital, Shandong Province, China
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Jin GX, Zhou YY, Yu L, Bi YX. Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism of FCRL-3 gene and Graves' disease in Han population of northern Anhui province, China. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:12624-12630. [PMID: 26550174 PMCID: PMC4612859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The frequency distribution of A/G genotype at position-169 in promoter of FCRL3 gene (Fc receptor-like 3) was identified in Han population of northern Anhui Province. The correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at this site and genetic susceptibility of Graves disease (GD) was discussed. How the genotype at this position correlated to age, gender, severity of goiter, presence or absence of exophthalmos, levels of thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRab), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TpoAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid function was analyzed in details. METHOD Peripheral venous blood was collected for DNA extraction. SNP at position-169 in the promoter of FCRL3 gene was determined by using PCR-RELP among 180 GD cases and 146 normal subjects. Thyroid function tests and antibody detection were performed. RESULTS The frequency of GG genotype of position-169 in promoter of FCRL3 gene was higher in GD group than in control group. The frequency was 28.9% and 13.8%, respectively, showing significant differences in intergroup comparison (χ(2)=6.618, P=0.046). The G allele frequency of GD group and control group was 49.4% and 40.4%, respectively, also showing significant differences between the groups (χ(2)=5.308, P=0.021). GD cases with AA, AG and GG genotypes at position-169 in FCRL3 promoter had significant differences in serum level of TRAb (χ(2)=7.319, P=0.026). However, no significant differences in gender, severity of goiter, TpoAb and TgAb level, presence or absence of exophthalmos and thyroid function (FT3, FT4, TSH) were found between the three genotypes (P>0.05). CONCLUSION A/G SNP at position-169 in promoter of FCRL3 gene was correlated with susceptibility to GD among Han population in northern Anhui Province. G allele may contribute to the susceptibility to GD and correlate to positive TRAb result in thyroid diseases, but not to age of onset, gender, presence or absence of exophthalmos, thyroid function, TpoAb and TgAb level or severity of goiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Ye Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ya-Xin Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
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Pidala J, Bloom GC, Eschrich S, Sarwal M, Enkemann S, Betts BC, Beato F, Yoder S, Anasetti C. Tolerance associated gene expression following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117001. [PMID: 25774806 PMCID: PMC4361657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologic markers of immune tolerance may facilitate tailoring of immune suppression duration after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). In a cross-sectional study, peripheral blood samples were obtained from tolerant (n = 15, median 38.5 months post-HCT) and non-tolerant (n = 17, median 39.5 post-HCT) HCT recipients and healthy control subjects (n = 10) for analysis of immune cell subsets and differential gene expression. There were no significant differences in immune subsets across groups. We identified 281 probe sets unique to the tolerant (TOL) group and 122 for non-tolerant (non-TOL). These were enriched for process networks including NK cell cytotoxicity, antigen presentation, lymphocyte proliferation, and cell cycle and apoptosis. Differential gene expression was enriched for CD56, CD66, and CD14 human lineage-specific gene expression. Differential expression of 20 probe sets between groups was sufficient to develop a classifier with > 90% accuracy, correctly classifying 14/15 TOL cases and 15/17 non-TOL cases. These data suggest that differential gene expression can be utilized to accurately classify tolerant patients following HCT. Prospective investigation of immune tolerance biologic markers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Pidala
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gregory C. Bloom
- Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Steven Eschrich
- Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Minnie Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Steve Enkemann
- Molecular Genomics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Brian C. Betts
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Francisca Beato
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Sean Yoder
- Molecular Genomics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Claudio Anasetti
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
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Bin Dhuban K, d'Hennezel E, Nashi E, Bar-Or A, Rieder S, Shevach EM, Nagata S, Piccirillo CA. Coexpression of TIGIT and FCRL3 identifies Helios+ human memory regulatory T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3687-96. [PMID: 25762785 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two distinct subsets of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells have been described based on the differential expression of Helios, a transcription factor of the Ikaros family. Efforts to understand the origin and biological roles of these Treg populations in regulating immune responses have, however, been hindered by the lack of reliable surface markers to distinguish and isolate them for subsequent functional studies. Using a single-cell cloning strategy coupled with microarray analysis of different Treg functional subsets in humans, we identify the mRNA and protein expression of TIGIT and FCRL3 as a novel surface marker combination that distinguishes Helios(+)FOXP3(+) from Helios(-)FOXP3(+) memory cells. Unlike conventional markers that are modulated on conventional T cells upon activation, we show that the TIGIT/FCRL3 combination allows reliable identification of Helios(+) Treg cells even in highly activated conditions in vitro as well as in PBMCs of autoimmune patients. We also demonstrate that the Helios(-)FOXP3(+) Treg subpopulation harbors a larger proportion of nonsuppressive clones compared with the Helios(+)FOXP3(+) cell subset, which is highly enriched for suppressive clones. Moreover, we find that Helios(-) cells are exclusively responsible for the productions of the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17 in FOXP3(+) cells ex vivo, highlighting important functional differences between Helios(+) and Helios(-) Treg cells. Thus, we identify novel surface markers for the consistent identification and isolation of Helios(+) and Helios(-) memory Treg cells in health and disease, and we further reveal functional differences between these two populations. These new markers should facilitate further elucidation of the functional roles of Helios-based Treg heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bin Dhuban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada; Federation of Clinical Immunology Centre of Excellence, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Eva d'Hennezel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada; Federation of Clinical Immunology Centre of Excellence, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Emil Nashi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H2C 2P2, Canada
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sadiye Rieder
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Satoshi Nagata
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada; Federation of Clinical Immunology Centre of Excellence, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada;
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Das R, Verma R, Sznol M, Boddupalli CS, Gettinger SN, Kluger H, Callahan M, Wolchok JD, Halaban R, Dhodapkar MV, Dhodapkar KM. Combination therapy with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 leads to distinct immunologic changes in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:950-9. [PMID: 25539810 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy concurrently targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints leads to remarkable antitumor effects. Although both PD-1 and CTLA-4 dampen the T cell activation, the in vivo effects of these drugs in humans remain to be clearly defined. To better understand biologic effects of therapy, we analyzed blood/tumor tissue from 45 patients undergoing single or combination immune checkpoint blockade. We show that blockade of CTLA-4, PD-1, or combination of the two leads to distinct genomic and functional signatures in vivo in purified human T cells and monocytes. Therapy-induced changes are more prominent in T cells than in monocytes and involve largely nonoverlapping changes in coding genes, including alternatively spliced transcripts and noncoding RNAs. Pathway analysis revealed that CTLA-4 blockade induces a proliferative signature predominantly in a subset of transitional memory T cells, whereas PD-1 blockade instead leads to changes in genes implicated in cytolysis and NK cell function. Combination blockade leads to nonoverlapping changes in gene expression, including proliferation-associated and chemokine genes. These therapies also have differential effects on plasma levels of CXCL10, soluble IL-2R, and IL-1α. Importantly, PD-1 receptor occupancy following anti-PD-1 therapy may be incomplete in the tumor T cells even in the setting of complete receptor occupancy in circulating T cells. These data demonstrate that, despite shared property of checkpoint blockade, Abs against PD-1, CTLA-4 alone, or in combination have distinct immunologic effects in vivo. Improved understanding of pharmacodynamic effects of these agents in patients will support rational development of immune-based combinations against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Smilow Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Rakesh Verma
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Smilow Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Mario Sznol
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Smilow Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Chandra Sekhar Boddupalli
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Smilow Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Scott N Gettinger
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Smilow Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Harriet Kluger
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Smilow Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Margaret Callahan
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ruth Halaban
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Smilow Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Kavita M Dhodapkar
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Smilow Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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Piotrowski P, Lianeri M, Prokop E, Wudarski M, Olesińska M, Jagodziński PP. The FCRL3 -169T>C polymorphism might be associated with some autoantibody presence in patients with SLE in a Polish population. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 24:296-9. [PMID: 24593204 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2013.854066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Fcrl3 -169T>C (rs7528684) polymorphism has been shown to be a risk factor of various autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, these results are inconsistent between distinct ethnicities. METHODS Using PCR-RFLP we studied the distribution of the FCRL3 -169T>C polymorphism in SLE patients (n = 263) and controls (n = 528) in a sample from the Polish population. RESULTS We found no significant differences of FCRL3 -169T>C genotypes and alleles between patients with SLE and healthy individuals. However, in the dominant model we found a significant association between the FCRL3 -169T>C polymorphism and the presence of anti-Scl-70 antibody (Ab) [OR = 4.747 (95 % CI = 1.639-13.749), p = 0.0011, p corr = 0.0198]. Moreover, in the dominant model we observed a significant contribution of FCRL3 -169T>C to the presence of either anti-La or anti-Scl-70 Abs [OR = 4.378 (95 % CI = 1.793-10.690, p = 0.0003, p corr = 0.0054)]. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the FCRL3 -169T>C polymorphism is not a risk factor of SLE in the Polish population, but this polymorphism may contribute to autoantibody production in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Piotrowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
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Garcia Santana CA, Tung JW, Gulnik S. Human treg cells are characterized by low/negative CD6 expression. Cytometry A 2014; 85:901-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James W. Tung
- Life Science Global Application and Reagent Development; Beckman Coulter Inc.; Miami Florida 33196
| | - Sergei Gulnik
- Life Science Research; Beckman Coulter Inc.; Miami Florida 33196
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30
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Terrier B, Nagata S, Ise T, Rosenzwajg M, Pastan I, Klatzmann D, Saadoun D, Cacoub P. CD21(-/low) marginal zone B cells highly express Fc receptor-like 5 protein and are killed by anti-Fc receptor-like 5 immunotoxins in hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:433-43. [PMID: 24504816 DOI: 10.1002/art.38222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with B cell lymphoproliferative disorders, including mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) vasculitis and B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The expansion of clonal and autoreactive rheumatoid factor-bearing CD21(-/low) marginal zone (MZ) B cells was demonstrated in patients with HCV-associated MC vasculitis. Fc receptor-like (FCRL) proteins comprise a family of immunoregulatory proteins preferentially expressed on B lineage cells. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of FCRL proteins 1-5 on B cells from patients with HCV-associated MC vasculitis. METHODS Expression of FCRL proteins 1-5 was assessed by flow cytometry on B cells from 15 HCV-infected patients with type II MC (7 of whom had B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), 20 HCV-infected patients without MC, and 20 healthy donors. To evaluate FCRL-5 as an immunotherapy target in HCV-associated MC vasculitis, 2 anti-FCRL-5 recombinant immunotoxins were produced using anti-FCRL-5 monoclonal antibodies and Pseudomonas exotoxin. RESULTS Expression of FCRLs 2, 3, and 5 was markedly increased while expression of FCRL-1 was decreased on clonal CD21(-/low) MZ B cells, as compared with other B cell subsets, from HCV-infected patients and healthy donors. However, there was no difference in the pattern of FCRL expression between HCV-MC patients with lymphoma and those without lymphoma. The anti-FCRL-5 immunotoxins showed specific cytotoxicity against FCRL-5-expressing clonal CD21(-/low) MZ B cells isolated from HCV-infected patients as well as FCRL-5-transfected cell lines. No cytotoxicity against T cells or conventional B cells was observed. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that FCRL-5-targeting therapies could be a specific treatment for HCV-associated MC vasculitis and other FCRL-5-positive autoimmune B cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Terrier
- UMR CNRS 7211, INSERM U959, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetrière, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, Paris, France
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Li FJ, Won WJ, Becker EJ, Easlick JL, Tabengwa EM, Li R, Shakhmatov M, Honjo K, Burrows PD, Davis RS. Emerging roles for the FCRL family members in lymphocyte biology and disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 382:29-50. [PMID: 25116094 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07911-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the extended Fc receptor-like (FCRL) family in humans and mice are preferentially expressed by B cells and possess tyrosine-based immunoregulatory function. Although the majority of these proteins repress B cell receptor-mediated activation, there is an emerging evidence for their bifunctionality and capacity to counter-regulate adaptive and innate signaling pathways. In light of these findings, the recent discovery of ligands for several of these molecules has begun to reveal exciting potential for them in normal lymphocyte biology and is launching a new phase of FCRL investigation. Importantly, these fundamental developments are also setting the stage for defining their altered roles in the pathogenesis of a growing number of immune-mediated diseases. Here we review recent advances in the FCRL field and highlight the significance of these intriguing receptors in normal and perturbed immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Li FJ, Schreeder DM, Li R, Wu J, Davis RS. FCRL3 promotes TLR9-induced B-cell activation and suppresses plasma cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2980-92. [PMID: 23857366 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fc receptor-like (FCRL) molecules are preferentially expressed by B lymphocytes and possess tyrosine-based immunoregulatory function. Although they generally inhibit B-cell receptor signaling, their influence on other activation pathways remains largely unexplored. In humans, FCRL3 encodes a type I transmembrane protein harboring both cytoplasmic ITAM and ITIM elements that can repress B-cell receptor activation. Despite this inhibitory property, mounting associations for FCRL3 with autoimmune and lympho-proliferative disorders imply a role for it in promoting B-cell pathogenesis. Here, we explore the influence of FCRL3 on B-cell responses to innate TLR9 stimulation. A detailed survey of blood B-cell populations found that FCRL3 expression increased as a function of differentiation and was higher among memory subsets with innate-like features. FCRL3 ligation augmented CpG oligodeoxynucleotide TLR9-mediated B-cell proliferation, activation, and survival, but surprisingly, abrogated plasma cell differentiation and antibody production. Although FCRL3 amplified the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, it halted CpG triggered BLIMP1 induction in an ERK-dependent fashion. These findings indicate that FCRL3 differentially modulates innate signaling in B cells and provide new insight into the potential of this disease-associated receptor to counter-regulate adaptive and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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CD164 and FCRL3 are highly expressed on CD4+CD26- T cells in Sézary syndrome patients. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:229-236. [PMID: 23792457 PMCID: PMC3869886 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) cells express cell surface molecules also found on normal activated CD4 T cells. In an effort to find a more specific surface marker for malignant SS cells, a microarray analysis of gene expression was performed. Results showed significantly increased levels of mRNA for CD164, a sialomucin found on human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, and FCRL3, a molecule present on a subset of human natural T regulatory cells. Both markers were increased in CD4 T cells from SS patients compared to healthy donors. Flow cytometry studies confirmed the increased expression of CD164 and FCRL3 primarily on CD4+CD26− T cells of SS patients. Importantly, a statistically significant correlation was found between an elevated percentage of CD4+CD164+ T cells and an elevated percentage of CD4+CD26− T cells in all tested SS patients but not in patients with Mycosis Fungoides and atopic dermatitis or healthy donors. FCRL3 expression was significantly increased only in high tumor burden patients. CD4+CD164+ cells displayed cerebriform morphology and their loss correlated with clinical improvement in treated patients. Our results suggest that CD164 can serve as a marker for diagnosis and for monitoring progression of CTCL/SS and that FCRL3 expression correlates with a high circulating tumor burden.
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Piotrowski P, Lianeri M, Prokop E, Wudarski M, Olesińska M, Jagodziński PP. The FCRL3 -169T>C polymorphism might be associated with some autoantibody presence in patients with SLE in a Polish population. Mod Rheumatol 2013. [PMID: 23564408 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-013-0875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The Fcrl3 -169T>C (rs7528684) polymorphism has been shown to be a risk factor of various autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, these results are inconsistent between distinct ethnicities. METHODS: Using PCR-RFLP we studied the distribution of the FCRL3 -169T>C polymorphism in SLE patients (n = 263) and controls (n = 528) in a sample from the Polish population. RESULTS: We found no significant differences of FCRL3 -169T>C genotypes and alleles between patients with SLE and healthy individuals. However, in the dominant model we found a significant association between the FCRL3 -169T>C polymorphism and the presence of anti-Scl-70 antibody (Ab) [OR = 4.747 (95 % CI = 1.639-13.749), p = 0.0011, p corr = 0.0198]. Moreover, in the dominant model we observed a significant contribution of FCRL3 -169T>C to the presence of either anti-La or anti-Scl-70 Abs [OR = 4.378 (95 % CI = 1.793-10.690, p = 0.0003, p corr = 0.0054)]. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that the FCRL3 -169T>C polymorphism is not a risk factor of SLE in the Polish population, but this polymorphism may contribute to autoantibody production in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Piotrowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781, Poznan, Poland
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Bajpai UD, Swainson LA, Mold JE, Graf JD, Imboden JB, McCune JM. A functional variant in FCRL3 is associated with higher Fc receptor-like 3 expression on T cell subsets and rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:2451-9. [PMID: 22392608 DOI: 10.1002/art.34457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD4+FoxP3+ Treg cells suppress effector T cells and prevent autoimmune disease. Treg cell function is deficient in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a loss which may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. We previously showed that a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the FCRL3 gene led to higher expression of Fc receptor-like 3 (FcRL3) on Treg cells and that FcRL3+ Treg cells are functionally deficient in comparison to FcRL3- Treg cells. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of FcRL3 in RA. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the FCRL3 -169 genotype and FcRL3 expression on T cell subsets, including Treg cells, in peripheral blood samples from 51 patients with RA enrolled in the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) RA Cohort. Clinical data were obtained from the UCSF RA Cohort database. RESULTS Patients with the FCRL3 -169C allele (genotype C/C or C/T) expressed higher levels of FcRL3 on Treg cells, and on CD8+ and γ/δ T cells, in comparison to RA patients with the T/T genotype. Higher FcRL3 expression on these T cell subpopulations correlated with RA disease activity in patients harboring the FCRL3 -169C allele. Furthermore, FcRL3 expression on Treg cells was higher in patients with erosive RA, and the FCRL3 -169C allele was overrepresented in patients with erosive RA. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that FcRL3 expression, which is strongly associated with the presence of the FCRL3 -169C allele, may serve as a biomarker for RA disease activity.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alleles
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Genotype
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
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Han SW, Sa KH, Kim SI, Lee SI, Park YW, Lee SS, Yoo WH, Kang JY, Soe JS, Nam EJ, Lee J, Park JY, Kang YM. FCRL3 gene polymorphisms contribute to the radiographic severity rather than susceptibility of rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:537-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Genetic association study of polymorphisms FOXP3 and FCRL3 in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:1124-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wilson TJ, Fuchs A, Colonna M. Cutting edge: human FcRL4 and FcRL5 are receptors for IgA and IgG. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4741-5. [PMID: 22491254 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fc receptor-like (FcRL) proteins are a family of cellular receptors homologous to FcγRI and are predominantly expressed by B cells. They function to costimulate or inhibit BCR signaling through consensus ITAMs and ITIMs; however, the extracellular ligands of these receptors remain unknown or controversial. In this study, we tested the ability of human FcRL proteins to bind Igs and found FcRL4 and FcRL5 to be bona fide Fc receptors. In cellular binding assays, FcRL4 bound efficiently to IgA and FcRL5 binds all IgG isotypes with varied efficiency. Additionally, we generated mAbs capable of specifically blocking these interactions. Given their expression on activated B cells and potential for inhibitory signaling, FcRL4 and FcRL5 are likely to be important for immune complex-dependent human B cell regulation, and they represent novel therapeutic targets for receptor blockade therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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40
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Sang D, Chen Q, Liu X, Qu H, Wei D, Yin L, Zhang L. Fc receptor like 3 in Chinese patients of Han nationality with Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 246:65-8. [PMID: 22458979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fc receptor like 3 gene (FcRL3) has been associated with some autoimmune diseases. Here, its role in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) was evaluated by studying nine FcRL3 gene SNPs in a Chinese cohort of GBS patients. The frequencies of FcRL3-3-169C, FcRL3-6 intron3A, and FcRL3-8 exon15G alleles were significantly increased in GBS patients compared with healthy controls. The frequency of FcRL3-1→9 CCTGGAGAA haplotype was significantly increased, and the frequencies of FcRL3-1→9 CCTACAAAA,CCCACGAAA, and CCTGCGGAA haplotypes were significantly decreased compared with healthy controls. These results suggest that FcRL3 is associated with GBS incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoqian Sang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai Road 287, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China.
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Dement-Brown J, Newton CS, Ise T, Damdinsuren B, Nagata S, Tolnay M. Fc receptor-like 5 promotes B cell proliferation and drives the development of cells displaying switched isotypes. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 91:59-67. [PMID: 22028333 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0211096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological roles of B cell membrane proteins in the FCRL family are enigmatic. FCRL proteins, including FCRL5, were shown to modulate early BCR signaling, although the subsequent, functional consequences of receptor engagement are poorly understood. We found that FCRL5 surface protein itself was induced temporarily upon BCR stimulation of human, naive B cells, indicating precise control over timing of FCRL5 engagement. Cross-linking of FCRL5 on cells induced to express FCRL5 enhanced B cell proliferation significantly. This enhancement required costimulation of the BCR and TLR9, two signals required for optimal proliferation of naive B cells, whereas T cell help in the form of anti-CD40 and IL-2 was dispensable. In addition, we found that FCRL5 stimulation generated a high proportion of cells displaying surface IgG and IgA. Optimal development of cells expressing switched isotypes required T cell help, in addition to stimuli found necessary for enhanced proliferation. Surprisingly, cells that developed upon FCRL5 stimulation simultaneously displayed surface IgM, IgG, and IgA. Cells expressing multiple Ig isotypes were described in hairy cell leukemia, a disease in which FCRL5 is overexpressed. Enhanced proliferation and downstream isotype expression upon FCRL5 stimulation could reflect a physiological role for FCRL5 in the expansion and development of antigen-primed B cells. In addition, FCRL5 may promote growth of malignant cells in hairy cell leukemia and other FCRL5-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dement-Brown
- Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
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Bianco B, Teles JS, Lerner TG, Vilarino FL, Christofolini DM, Barbosa CP. Association of FCRL3 −169T/C polymorphism with endometriosis and identification of a protective haplotype against the development of the disease in Brazilian population. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:774-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bonnin B, Correll A, Swiatek-de Lange M, Lenter M, Schneider FJ, Wijdenes J, Jonuleit H, Becker C. Large scale preparation of human MHC class II+ integrin beta(1)+ Tregs. J Immunol Methods 2010; 360:96-102. [PMID: 20599542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The human CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cell population (Tregs) contains both MHC class II+ and MHC class II(-) cells. MHC class II+ Tregs belong to the integrin alpha(4)beta(1)+ subpopulation and exclusively execute contact-dependent suppressive activity. Here we present a method optimized for isolation of these MHC class II expressing Tregs from large leukaphereses products using magnetic microbeads that achieves a reproducible purity of more than 90% and enables the use of this small-sized Treg population in pre-clinical application and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bonnin
- Gen-Probe Diaclone SAS, 1 Boulevard A. Fleming, 25020 Besançon, France
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Swainson LA, Mold JE, Bajpai UD, McCune JM. Expression of the autoimmune susceptibility gene FcRL3 on human regulatory T cells is associated with dysfunction and high levels of programmed cell death-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:3639-47. [PMID: 20190142 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) play a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance and inhibiting autoimmune disease. Despite being a major focus of modern immunological investigation, many aspects of T(reg) biology remain unknown. In a screen for novel candidate genes involved in human T(reg) function, we detected the expression of an autoimmune susceptibility gene, FcRL3, in T(reg) but not in conventional CD4(+) T cells. FcRL3 is an orphan receptor of unknown function with structural homology to classical Fc receptors. Numerous genetic studies have demonstrated a link between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the FCRL3 promoter and both overexpression of FcRL3 and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Given the critical role of T(reg) in suppressing autoimmunity, we sought to ascertain how expression of FcRL3 relates to the phenotype, differentiation, and function of T(reg). We show in this study that FcRL3 is expressed on a population of thymically derived T(reg) that exhibits a memory phenotype and high levels of programmed cell death-1. Purified FcRL3(+) T(reg) are less responsive to antigenic stimulation in the presence of IL-2 than their FcRL3(-) counterparts, despite intact proximal and distal IL-2 signaling as determined by phosphorylation of Stat-5 and upregulation of Bcl2. In vitro suppression assays demonstrated that FcRL3(+) T(reg) have reduced capacity to suppress the proliferation of effector T cells. These data suggest that FcRL3 expression is associated with T(reg) dysfunction that may, in turn, contribute to the loss of self-tolerance and the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Swainson
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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45
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Ehrhardt GRA, Cooper MD. Immunoregulatory roles for fc receptor-like molecules. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2010; 350:89-104. [PMID: 20680805 DOI: 10.1007/82_2010_88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fc receptor-like (FCRL) molecules comprise a family of imunoregulatory transmembrane proteins that are preferentially, but not exclusively expressed on B lineage cells. A strong regulatory potential on B cell activation has been characterized for the different FCRL proteins, but their biological roles are just beginning to be elucidated. We review recent advances in the understanding of FCRL1-6 expression and function, and indicate their potential roles in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiencies, lymphoid malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Götz R A Ehrhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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