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Shimizu T, Cruz A, Tanaka M, Mamoto K, Pedoia V, Burghardt AJ, Heilmeier U, Link TM, Graf J, Imboden JB, Li X. Structural Changes over a Short Period Are Associated with Functional Assessments in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:676-684. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To investigate the correlation between changes in radiological quantitative assessment with changes in clinical and functional assessment from baseline to 3 months in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Twenty-eight patients with RA [methotrexate (MTX) and anti-tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) group with high disease activity (n = 18); and MTX group with low disease activity (n = 10)] underwent assessments at baseline and 3 months: clinical [28-joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28)], functional [Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire (MHQ)], and imaging-based [3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT)]. MR images were evaluated semiquantitatively [RA MRI scoring (RAMRIS)] and quantitatively for the volume of synovitis and bone marrow edema (BME) lesions. Erosion volumes were measured using HR-pQCT.Results.After 3 months, the anti-TNF-α group demonstrated an improvement in disease activity through DAS28, HAQ, and MHQ. MRI showed significant decreases in synovitis and BME volume for the anti-TNF-α group, and significant increases in the MTX group. HR-pQCT showed significant decreases in bone erosion volume for the anti-TNF-α group, and significant increases in the MTX group. No significance was observed using RAMRIS. Changes in synovitis, BME, and erosion volumes, but not RAMRIS, were significantly correlated with changes in DAS28, HAQ, and MHQ.Conclusion.Quantitative measures were more sensitive than semiquantitative grading when evaluating structural and inflammatory changes with treatment, and were associated with patient clinical and functional outcomes. Multimodality imaging with 3T MRI and HR-pQCT may provide promising biomarkers that help determine disease progression and therapy response.
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Abraham RS, Albanesi C, Alevizos I, Anguita J, Antiochos B, Aranow C, Atkinson JP, Austin HA, Babu S, Ballow MC, Balow JE, Belmont JW, Berek C, Beukelman T, Bhavsar T, Bird JA, Blutt SE, Boguniewicz M, Bonamichi-Santos R, Boisson B, Borzova E, Boyaka PN, Boyce J, Browne SK, Burks W, Bustamante J, Calder VL, Campbell M, Cardones ARG, Casanova JL, Castells M, Cavacini LA, Chan ES, Chaplin DD, Chatham WW, Chen ES, Chinen J, Christopher-Stine L, Ciancanelli M, Cope AP, Corry DB, Crea F, Cron RQ, Cuellar-Rodriguez JM, Dalakas MC, Dann SM, Diamond B, Du TW, Dupuis-Boisson S, Eagar TN, Elmets CA, Erkan D, Fanning L, Fikrig E, Flego D, Fleisher TA, Fonacier L, Fontenot AP, Freeman AF, Frew AJ, Fujihashi K, Gadina M, Gatt ME, Gershwin ME, Gillespie SL, Goronzy JJ, Goswami S, Grattan CE, Greenspan NS, Gupta S, Gustafson CE, Hall RP, Hamilton RG, Harrington LE, Harrison LC, Hasni SA, Helbling A, Hester J, Holland SM, Hourcade D, Huntington ND, Hwangpo T, Imboden JB, Issa F, Izraeli S, Jaffe ES, Jalkanen S, Jones S, Jouanguy E, Kabbani S, Kaufmann SH, Kheradmand F, Kohn DB, Korngold R, Kovalszki A, Kuhns DB, Kulkarni H, Kuo CY, Lahouti A, Landgren CO, Laurence A, Lee JS, Lemière C, Leung DY, Levinson AI, Levy O, Lewis DE, Lin P, Linkermann A, Liuzzo G, Lockshin MD, Lord AK, Lozier JN, Luong A, Luqmani R, Mackay M, Maltzman JS, Mannon PJ, Manns MP, Martin JG, Maynard CL, McCash S, McDonald DR, Melby PC, Miller SD, Mitchell AL, Mohd-Zaki A, Mold C, Moller DR, Monos DS, Mueller SN, Mulders-Manders CM, Mulligan MJ, Müller UR, Munshi PN, Murata K, Murphy PM, Navasa N, Noel P, Notarangelo LD, Nussbaum RL, Nutman TB, Nutt SL, Oliveira JB, Ortel TL, O'Shea JJ, Pai SY, Pandit L, Paul ME, Pearce SH, Pedicino D, Peterson EJ, Picard C, Pittaluga S, Priel DL, Puck J, Puel A, Radbruch A, Reece ST, Reveille JD, Rich RR, Roifman CM, Rosen A, Rosenbaum JT, Rosenzweig SD, Rouse BT, Rowley SD, Sakaguchi S, Salmi M, Sant AJ, Satola SW, Saw V, Schechter MC, Schroeder HW, Segal BM, Selmi C, Shankar S, Sharma A, Sharma P, Shearer WT, Siegel RM, Simon A, Smith GP, Stephens DS, Stephens R, Straumann A, Teos LY, Timares L, Tonnus W, Torres RM, Uzel G, van der Hilst JC, van der Meer JW, Varga J, Vyas JM, Waldman M, Weiser P, Weller PF, Weyand CM, Wigley FM, Winchester RJ, Wing JB, Wood KJ, Wu X, Xu H, Yee C, Zhang SY. List of Contributors. Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6896-6.00104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schroeder HW, Imboden JB, Torres RM. Antigen Receptor Genes, Gene Products, and Coreceptors. Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6896-6.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wysham KD, Shoback DM, Imboden JB, Katz PP. Association of High Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Seropositivity and Lean Mass Index With Low Bone Mineral Density in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2018; 70:961-969. [PMID: 29106028 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporotic fractures are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have twice the risk of osteoporosis-related fracture than age-matched controls, the causes for which remain unknown. We investigated contributions of RA characteristics, medication use, and body composition to low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with RA. METHODS Data were from the Arthritis, Body Composition, and Disability Study (n = 138; 82 women, 56 men). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and functional variables were collected at study visits. Body composition (fat, lean muscle, and BMD) was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression analyses evaluated the association between predictors and femoral neck BMD. RESULTS Average disease duration was 19 years, 70% of patients were rheumatoid factor positive, and 55% were high-positive anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP). Age and high anti-CCP positivity were negatively associated with BMD after controlling for other variables (β = -0.003 and -0.055, respectively, P < 0.05). Appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) was positively associated with BMD (β = 0.053, P < 0.0001). In high anti-CCP positivity participants, increasing anti-CCP levels were associated with a negative linear trend in BMD (β = -0.011, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION High anti-CCP positivity and ALMI were strongly associated with BMD in patients with RA. The linear relationship of anti-CCP levels with lower BMD supports the hypothesis that processes specific to RA negatively impact BMD. In contrast, ALMI was positively associated with BMD, emphasizing the importance of this potentially modifiable risk factor. Our findings highlight the complicated interplay of RA disease-specific and functional factors and their impact on bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dolores M Shoback
- San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and University of California, San Francisco
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Goglin SE, Imboden JB. Neurologic Manifestations of Rheumatic Diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-857x(17)30061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shimizu T, Choi HJ, Heilmeier U, Tanaka M, Burghardt AJ, Gong J, Chanchek N, Link TM, Graf J, Imboden JB, Li X. Assessment of 3-month changes in bone microstructure under anti-TNFα therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:222. [PMID: 28978352 PMCID: PMC5628475 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although one study showed minimal progression of erosions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) one year after TNFα inhibition therapy, no studies have investigated very early bone changes after initiation of anti-TNFα treatment. We investigated the effects of 3-month anti-TNFα treatment on bone erosion progression and bone microarchitecture in RA patients using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Methods Patients with RA (n = 27) (17 in the anti-TNFα and 10 in the MTX-only group) underwent assessment of disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS-28), radiographs, 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and HR-pQCT of metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints at baseline and 3 months. HR-pQCT-derived erosion volume, joint volume/width and bone microarchitecture were computed and joint destruction was assessed using Sharp and RAMRIS scorings on radiographs and MRI, respectively. Results Overall, 73 erosions were identified by HR-pQCT at baseline. Over 3 months, the anti-TNFα group had decreased mean erosion volume; increased erosion volume was observed in one clinical non-responder. The MTX-only group in contrast, trended toward increasing erosion volume despite low disease activity. In the anti-TNFα group, joint-space width and volume of MCP joints decreased significantly and was positively correlated with erosion volume changes (R2 = 0.311, p = 0.013; R2 = 0.527, p = 0.003, respectively). In addition, erosion volume changes were significantly negatively correlated with changes in trabecular bone mineral density (R2 = 0.353, p = 0.020) in this group. We observed significant correlation between percentage change in erosion volume and change in DAS-28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein CRP scores (R2 = 0.558, p < 0.001; R2 = 0.745, p < 0.001, respectively) in all patients. Conclusions Using HR-pQCT, our data suggest that anti-TNFα treatment prevents erosion progression and deterioration of bone microarchitecture within the first 3 months of treatment, one patient not responding to treatment, had significant progression of bone erosions within this short time period. Patients with low disease activity scores (<3.2) can have continuous HR-pQCT-detectable progression of erosive disease with MTX treatment only. HR-pQCT can be a sensitive, powerful tool to quantify bone changes and monitor RA treatment short term (such as 3 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shimizu
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Hyo Jin Choi
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ursula Heilmeier
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Matthew Tanaka
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Andrew J Burghardt
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Jingshan Gong
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Nattagan Chanchek
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Thomas M Link
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Jonathan Graf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John B Imboden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
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Abstract
Neurologic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) range in severity from mild paresthesias in the hand from carpal tunnel syndrome to sudden death due to impingement of the medulla by an eroded, vertically subluxed dens. Most neurologic complications are a consequence of articular inflammation and damage that leads to compression of adjacent structures of the central or peripheral nervous systems. Rare but serious extra-articular manifestations include inflammation of the meninges and ischemic neuropathies due to necrotizing arteritis of the vasa vasorum. Medical therapy with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biological agents has diminished the incidence of serious neurologic manifestations in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly DeQuattro
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John B Imboden
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Scheibe MM, Imboden JB, Schmajuk G, Margaretten M, Graf JD, Chen AH, Yelin EH, Yazdany J. Efficiency Gains for Rheumatology Consultation Using a Novel Electronic Referral System in a Safety-Net Health Setting. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67:1158-63. [PMID: 25623810 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health information technology (HIT) holds promise in increasing access to rheumatologists by improving the quality and efficiency of referrals, but few studies have examined its use for this purpose. We evaluated the use and impact of a novel electronic referral (eReferral) system in rheumatology in a safety-net health system. METHODS We examined eReferrals over 4 years. Our primary outcome was use of preconsultation exchange, defined as back-and-forth communication between referring and specialty care providers, facilitating triage of referrals, requests for more information, or resolution of questions without a visit. We calculated the proportion of eReferrals that underwent preconsultation exchange, time to reviewer response, and number of visits scheduled. To increase generalizability, we selected a random sample of eReferrals to undergo additional blinded, adjudicated review to assess agreement on appropriateness for preconsultation exchange. RESULTS Between 2008 and 2012, 2,383 eReferrals were reviewed and 2,105 were eligible for analysis. One-fourth of eReferrals were resolved without a clinic visit. The proportion of eReferrals undergoing preconsultation exchange increased over time (55% in 2008 versus 74% in 2011), and the volume of referrals also steadily increased over time. Reviewer response time averaged between 1 and 4 days. In the random sample of eReferrals that underwent adjudicated review, agreement between reviewers was high (κ = 0.72). CONCLUSION HIT-enabled preconsultation exchange was used for a majority of eReferrals and facilitated communication between referring clinicians and rheumatologists. This redesigned system of care allowed for triage of a high number of referrals, with many referrals determined to be appropriate for preconsultation exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M Scheibe
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward H Yelin
- Phillip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Hellmann
- From Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John B. Imboden
- From Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Yang H, Yu A, Burghardt AJ, Virayavanich W, Link TM, Imboden JB, Li X. Quantitative characterization of metacarpal and radial bone in rheumatoid arthritis using high resolution- peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Int J Rheum Dis 2015; 20:353-362. [PMID: 25865349 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objectives of this study were: (i) to develop a standardized method of quantifying bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitecture in the hand and wrist bones of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using high resolution- peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT); (ii) to compare quantitative bone parameters between RA and post-menopausal osteopenic (PM-OP) subjects; and (iii) to correlate quantitative bone parameters at the distal radius with those at the metacarpal heads in RA subjects. METHODS HR-pQCT imaging of the dominant hand and wrist was performed in 12 female RA patients. BMD and trabecular parameters for the 2-12% head region of the second and third metacarpals were calculated and compared between RA patients and healthy controls. Bone parameters were also calculated for 110 slices of the distal radius in RA patients and compared to data from controls and PM-OP women from a previous study. RESULTS Compared to controls, RA patients had significantly decreased BMD, trabecular volume and number, and increased trabecular heterogeneity in the third metacarpal and distal radius. Significantly lower trabecular number and significantly higher ratio of outer annular trabecular BMD to inner trabecular BMD were observed in patients with RA, compared to patients with osteopenia (P < 0.05). Trabecular BMD in the third metacarpal and in the distal radius were significantly correlated (ρ = 0.918, P < 0.0001) in RA patients. CONCLUSION This study established a standardized method for quantifying bone density and trabecular properties in the hand and wrist bones of RA patients using HR-pQCT. Deterioration of bone structure in RA patients was found comparable to that in osteopenic women, and trabecular bone loss near affected joints was found to be correlated with bone loss away from joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Yu
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Burghardt
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Warapat Virayavanich
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thomas M Link
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John B Imboden
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Lee CH, Srikhum W, Burghardt AJ, Virayavanich W, Imboden JB, Link TM, Li X. Correlation of structural abnormalities of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints evaluated by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and conventional radiographs in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 18:628-39. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco California USA
- Division of Rheumatology; Department of Internal Medicine; National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital; Goyang-si South Korea
| | - Waraporn Srikhum
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco California USA
- Department of Radiology; Thammasat University; Pathumthani Thailand
| | - Andrew J. Burghardt
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco California USA
| | - Warapat Virayavanich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco California USA
- Department of Radiology; Ramathibodi Hospital; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - John B. Imboden
- Department of Medicine; University of California; San Francisco California USA
- Division of Rheumatology; San Francisco General Hospital; San Francisco California USA
| | - Thomas M. Link
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco California USA
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco California USA
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Carlson AQ, Tuot DS, Jen KY, Butcher B, Graf J, Sam R, Imboden JB. Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis in individuals with disease associated with levamisole-adulterated cocaine: a series of 4 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:290-297. [PMID: 25398064 PMCID: PMC4602417 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to levamisole-adulterated cocaine can induce a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by retiform purpura and/or agranulocytosis accompanied by an unusual constellation of serologic abnormalities including antiphospholipid antibodies, lupus anticoagulants, and very high titers of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Two recent case reports suggest that levamisole-adulterated cocaine may also lead to renal disease in the form of pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. To explore this possibility, we reviewed cases of pauci-immune glomerulonephritis between 2010 and 2012 at an inner city safety net hospital where the prevalence of levamisole in the cocaine supply is known to be high. We identified 3 female patients and 1 male patient who had biopsy-proven pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, used cocaine, and had serologic abnormalities characteristic of levamisole-induced autoimmunity. Each also had some other form of clinical disease known to be associated with levamisole, either neutropenia or cutaneous manifestations. One patient had diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Three of the 4 patients were treated with short courses of prednisone and cyclophosphamide, 2 of whom experienced stable long-term improvement in their renal function despite ongoing cocaine use. The remaining 2 patients developed end-stage renal disease and became dialysis-dependent. This report supports emerging concern of more wide spread organ toxicity associated with the use of levamisole-adulterated cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Q Carlson
- Divisions of Rheumatology (AQC, JG, JBI) and Nephrology (DST, BB, RS), Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Pathology (KYJ), University of California, San Francisco, California
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Teruel JR, Burghardt AJ, Rivoire J, Srikhum W, Noworolski SM, Link TM, Imboden JB, Li X. Bone structure and perfusion quantification of bone marrow edema pattern in the wrist of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a multimodality study. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:1766-73. [PMID: 25086074 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.131564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify bone structure and perfusion parameters in regions of bone marrow edema pattern (BMEP), non-edematous bone marrow (NBM), and pannus tissue areas in the wrists of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using 3-Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). METHODS Sixteen subjects fulfilling American College of Rheumatology classification were imaged using a HR-pQCT system and a 3T MRI scanner with an 8-channel wrist coil. Coronal T2-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-MRI) images were acquired. BMEP and pannus tissue areas were segmented semiautomatically in T2-weighted images. NBM areas were placed at a similar distance from the joint space as BMEP regions. MR and HR-pQCT images were registered, and bone variables were calculated within the BMEP and NBM regions. Perfusion parameters in BMEP, pannus tissue, and NBM regions were calculated based on the signal-time curve obtained from DCE-MRI. RESULTS Eighteen BMEP areas were segmented, 15 of them presented proximal to pannus-filled erosions. Significant increases in bone density and trabecular thickness and number were observed in all BMEP regions compared to NMB (p < 0.05). Significantly elevated perfusion measures were observed in both BMEP and pannus tissue regions compared to NBM (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION BMEP regions showed significantly increased bone density and structures as well as perfusion measures, suggesting bone remodeling and active inflammation. Combining MRI and HR-pQCT provides a powerful multimodality approach for understanding BMEP and erosions, and for potentially identifying novel imaging markers for disease progression in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Teruel
- From the Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, USA.J.R. Teruel, MSc, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); PhD Candidate, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; A.J. Burghardt, Researcher, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J. Rivoire, PhD, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; W. Srikhum, MD, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; Lecturer in Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; S.M. Noworolski, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; T.M. Link, MD, PhD, Professor of Radiology, Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Clinical Director, Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J.B. Imboden, MD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF; X. Li, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF
| | - Andrew J Burghardt
- From the Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, USA.J.R. Teruel, MSc, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); PhD Candidate, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; A.J. Burghardt, Researcher, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J. Rivoire, PhD, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; W. Srikhum, MD, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; Lecturer in Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; S.M. Noworolski, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; T.M. Link, MD, PhD, Professor of Radiology, Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Clinical Director, Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J.B. Imboden, MD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF; X. Li, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF
| | - Julien Rivoire
- From the Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, USA.J.R. Teruel, MSc, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); PhD Candidate, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; A.J. Burghardt, Researcher, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J. Rivoire, PhD, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; W. Srikhum, MD, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; Lecturer in Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; S.M. Noworolski, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; T.M. Link, MD, PhD, Professor of Radiology, Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Clinical Director, Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J.B. Imboden, MD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF; X. Li, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF
| | - Waraporn Srikhum
- From the Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, USA.J.R. Teruel, MSc, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); PhD Candidate, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; A.J. Burghardt, Researcher, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J. Rivoire, PhD, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; W. Srikhum, MD, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; Lecturer in Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; S.M. Noworolski, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; T.M. Link, MD, PhD, Professor of Radiology, Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Clinical Director, Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J.B. Imboden, MD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF; X. Li, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF
| | - Susan M Noworolski
- From the Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, USA.J.R. Teruel, MSc, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); PhD Candidate, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; A.J. Burghardt, Researcher, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J. Rivoire, PhD, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; W. Srikhum, MD, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; Lecturer in Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; S.M. Noworolski, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; T.M. Link, MD, PhD, Professor of Radiology, Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Clinical Director, Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J.B. Imboden, MD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF; X. Li, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF
| | - Thomas M Link
- From the Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, USA.J.R. Teruel, MSc, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); PhD Candidate, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; A.J. Burghardt, Researcher, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J. Rivoire, PhD, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; W. Srikhum, MD, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; Lecturer in Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; S.M. Noworolski, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; T.M. Link, MD, PhD, Professor of Radiology, Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Clinical Director, Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J.B. Imboden, MD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF; X. Li, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF
| | - John B Imboden
- From the Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, USA.J.R. Teruel, MSc, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); PhD Candidate, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; A.J. Burghardt, Researcher, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J. Rivoire, PhD, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; W. Srikhum, MD, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; Lecturer in Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; S.M. Noworolski, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; T.M. Link, MD, PhD, Professor of Radiology, Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Clinical Director, Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J.B. Imboden, MD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF; X. Li, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- From the Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, USA.J.R. Teruel, MSc, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); PhD Candidate, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; A.J. Burghardt, Researcher, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J. Rivoire, PhD, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; W. Srikhum, MD, Research Fellow, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; Lecturer in Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; S.M. Noworolski, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; T.M. Link, MD, PhD, Professor of Radiology, Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Clinical Director, Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF; J.B. Imboden, MD, Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF; X. Li, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF.
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15
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Richman NC, Yazdany J, Graf J, Chernitskiy V, Imboden JB. Extraarticular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis in a multiethnic cohort of predominantly Hispanic and Asian patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2013; 92:92-97. [PMID: 23429352 PMCID: PMC4028062 DOI: 10.1097/md.0b013e318289ce01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a study to determine the prevalence of extraarticular manifestations (ExRA) in a cohort of predominantly Hispanic and Asian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to identify factors associated with the development of ExRA, and to compare the prevalence of ExRA between Hispanic and Asian patients. Patients with RA followed in the outpatient rheumatology clinics of a public hospital were included if they were aged ≥18 years and met the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria for the diagnosis of RA. We performed a cross-sectional analysis in which patients with ExRA were identified based on predefined criteria. We compared sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in patients with and without ExRA. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics, and the presence of ExRA. The prevalence of ExRA was 21.5%, and the most common manifestations were subcutaneous nodules (17.2%) and interstitial lung disease (3.6%). Hispanic patients were significantly more likely to develop ExRA than Asian patients (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-5.09). The development of ExRA was also associated with disease duration, male sex, and seropositivity for serum rheumatoid factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Richman
- From Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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16
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Srikhum W, Virayavanich W, Burghardt AJ, Yu A, Link TM, Imboden JB, Li X. Quantitative and semiquantitative bone erosion assessment on high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:408-16. [PMID: 23418386 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop novel quantitative and semiquantitative bone erosion measures at metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and wrist joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), and to correlate these measurements with disease duration and bone marrow edema (BME) patterns derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Sixteen patients with RA and 7 healthy subjects underwent hand and wrist HR-pQCT and 3-Tesla MRI. Bone erosions of the MCP2, MCP3, and distal radius were evaluated by measuring maximal erosion dimension on axial slices, which is a simple and fast measurement, and then were graded (grades 0-3) based on the maximal dimension. Correlation coefficients were calculated between (1) sum maximal dimensions, highest grades, and sum grades of bone erosions; (2) erosion measures and the clinical evaluation; (3) erosion measures and BME volume in distal radius. RESULTS The inter- and intrareader agreements of maximal erosion dimensions were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.89, 0.99, and root mean square error 9.4%, 4.7%, respectively). Highest grades and sum grades were significantly correlated to sum maximal dimensions of all erosions. Number of erosions, sum maximal erosion dimensions, highest grades, and sum grades correlated significantly with disease duration. Number of erosions, sum maximal dimensions, and erosion grading of the distal radius correlated significantly with BME volume. CONCLUSION HR-pQCT provides a sensitive method with high reader agreement in assessment of structural bone damage in RA. The good correlation of erosion measures with disease duration as well as BME volume suggests that they could become feasible measures of erosions in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waraporn Srikhum
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF (University of California, San Francisco), CA, USA
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17
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Abraham RS, Albanesi C, Alevizos I, Anguita J, Anstead GM, Aranow C, Austin HA, Babu S, Ballow MC, Balow JE, Barnidge DR, Belmont JW, Belz GT, Ben-Yehuda D, Berek C, Beukelman T, Bieber T, Bijlsma JW, Bleesing JJ, Blutt SE, Bohle B, Borzova E, Boyaka PN, Knut B, Bustamante J, Buttgereit F, Byrne M, Calder VL, Carneiro-Sampaio M, Carotta S, Casanova JL, Cavacini LA, Chan ES, Chinen J, Chitnis T, Cho M, Christopher-Stine L, Cope AP, Corry DB, Cottrell T, Coutinho A, Craveiro M, Cron RQ, Cuellar-Rodriguez J, Dalakas MC, de Barros SC, Devlin BH, Diamond B, Dispenzieri A, Du Clos TW, Dupuis-Boisson S, Eagar TN, Edhegard KD, Eisenbarth GS, Elmets CA, Erkan D, Feinberg MB, Fikrig E, Fleisher TA, Fontenot AP, Franco LM, Freeman AF, Frew AJ, Friedman T, Fujihashi K, Gadina M, Galli SJ, Gaspar HB, Gatt ME, Gershwin ME, Ghoreschi K, Gillespie SL, Goronzy JJ, Grattan CE, Greenspan NS, Grunebaum E, Haeberli G, Hall RP, Hamilton RG, Harriman GR, Hasni SA, Helbling A, Hingorani M, Holland SM, Hruz PL, Illei G, Imboden JB, Izraeli S, Jaffe ES, Jagobi C, Jalkanen S, Jetanalin P, Jouanguy E, June CH, Kallies A, Kaufmann SH, Kavanaugh A, Khan S, Kheradmand F, Khoury SJ, Koretzky GA, Korngold R, Kovalszki A, Kuhns DB, Kyle RA, Lanza IR, Laurence A, Lee SJ, Lenardo MJ, Levinson AI, Levy O, Lewis DB, Lewis DE, Lightman SL, Lockshin MD, Lotze MT, Luong A, Mackay M, Malo JL, Maltzman JS, Mannon PJ, Manns MP, Markert ML, McCarthy EA, McDonald DR, McGhee JR, Melby PC, Metcalfe DD, Metz M, Miller SD, Mitchell AL, Mittal S, Miyara M, Mold C, Moller DR, Mueller SN, Müller UR, Murphy PM, Noel P, Notarangelo L, Nutman TB, Nutt SL, Oliveira JB, Olson CM, O'Shea JJ, Pai SY, Pandit L, Paul ME, Pearce SH, Peterson EJ, Picard C, Pichler WJ, Pittaluga S, Puel A, Radbruch A, Reece ST, Reveille JD, Rich RR, Rivat C, Robinson BW, Rodgers JR, Roifman CM, Rosen A, Rosenbaum JT, Rouse BT, Rowley SD, Sakaguchi S, Salmi M, Schroeder HW, Seibel MJ, Selmi C, Shafer WM, Shah PK, Shankar S, Shaw AR, Shearer WT, Sheikh J, Siegel R, Simon A, Simonian PL, Smith GP, Smith JR, Snow AL, Stephens DS, Stone JH, Straumann A, Su HC, Swainson L, Szymanska-Mroczek E, Taylor N, Thrasher AJ, Timares L, Torres RM, Uzel G, van der Meer JW, van der Hilst JC, Varga J, Waldman M, Weiser P, Weller PF, Weyand CM, Whiteside TL, Wigley FM, Winchester RJ, Wing K, Wood K, Xu H, Zhang SY, Zimmermann VS. List of contributors. Clin Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7234-3691-1.09995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Schroeder HW, Imboden JB, Torres RM. Antigen receptor genes, gene products, and co-receptors. Clin Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7234-3691-1.00028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Bajpai UD, Swainson LA, Mold JE, Graf JD, Imboden JB, McCune JM. A functional variant in FCRL3 is associated with higher Fc receptor-like 3 expression on T cell subsets and rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:2451-9. [PMID: 22392608 DOI: 10.1002/art.34457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD4+FoxP3+ Treg cells suppress effector T cells and prevent autoimmune disease. Treg cell function is deficient in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a loss which may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. We previously showed that a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the FCRL3 gene led to higher expression of Fc receptor-like 3 (FcRL3) on Treg cells and that FcRL3+ Treg cells are functionally deficient in comparison to FcRL3- Treg cells. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of FcRL3 in RA. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the FCRL3 -169 genotype and FcRL3 expression on T cell subsets, including Treg cells, in peripheral blood samples from 51 patients with RA enrolled in the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) RA Cohort. Clinical data were obtained from the UCSF RA Cohort database. RESULTS Patients with the FCRL3 -169C allele (genotype C/C or C/T) expressed higher levels of FcRL3 on Treg cells, and on CD8+ and γ/δ T cells, in comparison to RA patients with the T/T genotype. Higher FcRL3 expression on these T cell subpopulations correlated with RA disease activity in patients harboring the FCRL3 -169C allele. Furthermore, FcRL3 expression on Treg cells was higher in patients with erosive RA, and the FCRL3 -169C allele was overrepresented in patients with erosive RA. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that FcRL3 expression, which is strongly associated with the presence of the FCRL3 -169C allele, may serve as a biomarker for RA disease activity.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alleles
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Genotype
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. Imboden
- Department of Medicine, University of California, and Division of Rheumatology, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110;
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy A. Ku
- Division of Cardiology and the Center of Excellence in Vascular Research, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California
| | - John B. Imboden
- Division of Rheumatology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California
| | - Priscilla Y. Hsue
- Division of Cardiology and the Center of Excellence in Vascular Research, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California
| | - Peter Ganz
- Division of Cardiology and the Center of Excellence in Vascular Research, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California
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22
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Imboden JB, Shoback DM, Inokuchi S. Analysis of inositol phospholipid turnover during lymphocyte activation. Curr Protoc Immunol 2008; Chapter 11:Unit 11.1. [PMID: 18432702 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1101s35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase C (PLC) leads to the hydrolysis of membrane inositol phospholipids, generating diacylglycerol (DAG) and water-soluble inositol phosphates. This signaling mechanism is used by antigen receptors on T and B cells that have been implicated as mediators of receptor-induced influx of extracellular Ca(2+). This unit provides protocols that describe the resolution of InsP by Dowex anion-exchange chromatography. This technique provides a reliable means of separating inositol monophosphate, inositol bisphosphate, and inositol trisphosphate, but does not resolve isomers of these. An Alternate Protocol describes the separation of inositol phosphates by anion-exchange HPLC. A protocol for resolution of inositol phospholipids by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Imboden
- University of California and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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23
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24
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Abstract
Stimulation of the CD28 costimulatory receptor can lead to an increased surface lipid raft expression in T lymphocytes. Here, we demonstrate that CD28 itself is recruited to lipid rafts in both Jurkat and peripheral blood T lymphocytes. This recruitment of CD28 is triggered by engagement with either anti-CD28 mAbs or a natural ligand of CD28, B7.2 (CD86). All detectable tyrosine-phosphorylated CD28 is in the lipid raft fractions, as is all of the CD28 associated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which is recruited to CD28 by tyrosine phosphorylation. Targeting the CD28 cytoplasmic domain to lipid rafts results in its tyrosine phosphorylation, indicating that tyrosine phosphorylation of CD28 may occur after translocation to lipid rafts. Studies with Jurkat cells deficient in Lck and CD45 demonstrate that movement of CD28 into lipid rafts does not require Lck and CD45 and can occur despite reduction of CD28 tyrosine phosphorylation to below the levels of detection. Analysis of murine CD28 mutants reveals a correlation between translocation to lipid rafts and costimulation of IL-2 production. Taken together with the known importance of lipid rafts in T cell activation, these observations suggest that translocation to lipid rafts may play an important role in CD28 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sadra
- Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell Research Laboratory, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110-3594, USA
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25
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Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an essential negative regulator of T cell activation. Recent evidence suggests that CTLA-4 association with the immunological synapse during contact with antigen-presenting cells is important for its inhibitory function. In the present study, we observed a direct interaction of CTLA-4 with the phosphorylated form of T cell receptor (TCR)zeta within the glycolipid-enriched microdomains associated with the T cell signaling complex. In this setting, CTLA-4 regulated the accumulation/retention of TCRzeta in the signaling complex, as the lipid raft fractions from CTLA-4KO T cells contained significantly higher amounts of the TCR components when compared with wild-type littermates. In contrast, coligation of CTLA-4 with the TCR during T cell activation selectively decreased the amount of TCRzeta that accumulated in the rafts. These results suggest that CTLA-4 functions to regulate T cell signaling by controlling TCR accumulation and/or retention within this a critical component of the immunological synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Chikuma
- Diabetes Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sadra
- Rosalind Russell Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110-3594,
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Abstract
CTLA-4 is an important inhibitor of T cell activation. We used Jurkat cells expressing mutants of murine CTLA-4 to study the structural requirements for inhibitory signaling. We find that signals for the inhibition of IL-2 secretion are delivered efficiently by a CTLA-4 mutant in which both cytoplasmic tyrosines have been replaced by phenylalanines. A CTLA-4 mutant that lacks the carboxyl-terminal half of the intracellular domain also retains the ability to inhibit, but deletion of an additional 11 aa completely abrogates that capability. We conclude that delivery of an inhibitory signal requires the membrane-proximal region of the CTLA-4 cytoplasmic domain and does not depend upon the tyrosine phosphorylation of CTLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cinek
- Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell Research Laboratory, San Francisco General Hospital, CA 94143, USA
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28
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Sadra A, Cinek T, Arellano JL, Shi J, Truitt KE, Imboden JB. Identification of tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the CD28 cytoplasmic domain and their role in the costimulation of Jurkat T cells. J Immunol 1999; 162:1966-73. [PMID: 9973466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic domain of CD28 contains four tyrosine residues. Because signal transduction by CD28 appears to involve its tyrosine phosphorylation, we determined sites of CD28 tyrosine phosphorylation using mutants of mouse CD28 that retained tyrosine at one position, with the remaining three positions mutated to phenylalanine. When expressed in Jurkat cells and stimulated by mAb, only the mutants with tyrosine at position 170 or 188 were tyrosine phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of Tyr170 recruits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to CD28. Tyr188 has not been associated with any specific signaling event, but we found that ligation of CD28 by the natural ligand B7.2 also induced phosphorylation of Tyr188, suggesting that this event is of physiological importance. Consistent with that possibility, mutation of Tyr188 to phenylalanine severely impaired the ability of mouse CD28 to deliver a costimulus for the expression of CD69 and the production of IL-2. The functional consequences of the mutation of Tyr188 were unique; mutation of the other three tyrosines, individually or in combination, did not impair costimulation. Therefore, of the four CD28 tyrosine residues only Tyr188 is required for signaling in Jurkat cells, suggesting that its phosphorylation is a key event in the costimulation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sadra
- Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell Research Laboratory, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California 94143, USA
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Sadra A, Cinek T, Arellano JL, Shi J, Truitt KE, Imboden JB. Identification of Tyrosine Phosphorylation Sites in the CD28 Cytoplasmic Domain and Their Role in the Costimulation of Jurkat T Cells. The Journal of Immunology 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.4.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The cytoplasmic domain of CD28 contains four tyrosine residues. Because signal transduction by CD28 appears to involve its tyrosine phosphorylation, we determined sites of CD28 tyrosine phosphorylation using mutants of mouse CD28 that retained tyrosine at one position, with the remaining three positions mutated to phenylalanine. When expressed in Jurkat cells and stimulated by mAb, only the mutants with tyrosine at position 170 or 188 were tyrosine phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of Tyr170 recruits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to CD28. Tyr188 has not been associated with any specific signaling event, but we found that ligation of CD28 by the natural ligand B7.2 also induced phosphorylation of Tyr188, suggesting that this event is of physiological importance. Consistent with that possibility, mutation of Tyr188 to phenylalanine severely impaired the ability of mouse CD28 to deliver a costimulus for the expression of CD69 and the production of IL-2. The functional consequences of the mutation of Tyr188 were unique; mutation of the other three tyrosines, individually or in combination, did not impair costimulation. Therefore, of the four CD28 tyrosine residues only Tyr188 is required for signaling in Jurkat cells, suggesting that its phosphorylation is a key event in the costimulation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sadra
- Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell Research Laboratory, San Francisco General Hospital, and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Tomas Cinek
- Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell Research Laboratory, San Francisco General Hospital, and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jerry L. Arellano
- Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell Research Laboratory, San Francisco General Hospital, and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell Research Laboratory, San Francisco General Hospital, and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kenneth E. Truitt
- Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell Research Laboratory, San Francisco General Hospital, and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - John B. Imboden
- Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell Research Laboratory, San Francisco General Hospital, and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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30
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Barz C, Nagel T, Truitt KE, Imboden JB. Mutational Analysis of CD28-Mediated Costimulation of Jun-N-Terminal Kinase and IL-2 Production. The Journal of Immunology 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.10.5366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The accessory molecule CD28 delivers a costimulus that acts in concert with TCR signals to promote T cell activation. Activation of Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNK) requires simultaneous stimulation of the TCR and CD28 and, therefore, likely plays an important role in signal integration during costimulation. We investigated the effects of mutations in the 41-amino acid cytoplasmic domain of murine CD28 on its ability to deliver costimuli for JNK activation and IL-2 production when expressed in Jurkat T cells. Our results indicate that the costimulus for JNK activation requires the membrane-proximal 24 amino acids of the CD28 cytoplasmic domain and is not mediated by the tyrosine-based recruitment of signaling molecules, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal 17 amino acids does not affect the ability of CD28 to augment JNK activation but impairs its ability to enhance TCR-mediated production of IL-2, demonstrating that optimal costimulation of IL-2 production requires CD28 signals in addition to the activation of JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Barz
- Rosalind Russell Arthritis Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Thomas Nagel
- Rosalind Russell Arthritis Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kenneth E. Truitt
- Rosalind Russell Arthritis Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - John B. Imboden
- Rosalind Russell Arthritis Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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31
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Barz C, Nagel T, Truitt KE, Imboden JB. Mutational analysis of CD28-mediated costimulation of Jun-N-terminal kinase and IL-2 production. J Immunol 1998; 161:5366-72. [PMID: 9820510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The accessory molecule CD28 delivers a costimulus that acts in concert with TCR signals to promote T cell activation. Activation of Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNK) requires simultaneous stimulation of the TCR and CD28 and, therefore, likely plays an important role in signal integration during costimulation. We investigated the effects of mutations in the 41-amino acid cytoplasmic domain of murine CD28 on its ability to deliver costimuli for JNK activation and IL-2 production when expressed in Jurkat T cells. Our results indicate that the costimulus for JNK activation requires the membrane-proximal 24 amino acids of the CD28 cytoplasmic domain and is not mediated by the tyrosine-based recruitment of signaling molecules, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal 17 amino acids does not affect the ability of CD28 to augment JNK activation but impairs its ability to enhance TCR-mediated production of IL-2, demonstrating that optimal costimulation of IL-2 production requires CD28 signals in addition to the activation of JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Barz
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, CA 94110, USA
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32
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Weber JR, Orstavik S, Torgersen KM, Danbolt NC, Berg SF, Ryan JC, Taskén K, Imboden JB, Vaage JT. Molecular cloning of the cDNA encoding pp36, a tyrosine-phosphorylated adaptor protein selectively expressed by T cells and natural killer cells. J Exp Med 1998; 187:1157-61. [PMID: 9529333 PMCID: PMC2212210 DOI: 10.1084/jem.187.7.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of T and natural killer (NK) cells leads to the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp36 and to its association with several signaling molecules, including phospholipase Cgamma-1 and Grb2. Microsequencing of peptides derived from purified rat pp36 protein led to the cloning, in rat and man, of cDNA encoding a T- and NK cell-specific protein with several putative Src homology 2 domain-binding motifs. A rabbit antiserum directed against a peptide sequence from the cloned rat molecule recognized tyrosine phosphorylated pp36 from pervanadate-treated rat thymocytes. When expressed in 293T human fibroblast cells and tyrosine-phosphorylated, pp36 associated with phospholipase Cgamma-1 and Grb2. Studies with GST-Grb2 fusion proteins demonstrated that the association was specific for the Src homology 2 domain of Grb-2. Molecular cloning of the gene encoding pp36 should facilitate studies examining the role of this adaptor protein in proximal signaling events during T and NK cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Weber
- Department of Medicine and Rosalind Russell Arthritis Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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33
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Gibson S, Truitt K, Lu Y, Lapushin R, Khan H, Imboden JB, Mills GB. Efficient CD28 signalling leads to increases in the kinase activities of the TEC family tyrosine kinase EMT/ITK/TSK and the SRC family tyrosine kinase LCK. Biochem J 1998; 330 ( Pt 3):1123-8. [PMID: 9494076 PMCID: PMC1219252 DOI: 10.1042/bj3301123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optimal T cell activation requires crosslinking of the T cell receptor (TCR) concurrently with an accessory receptor, most efficiently CD28. Crosslinking of CD28 leads to increased interleukin 2 (IL2) production, inhibition of anergy and prevention of programmed cell death. Crosslinking of CD28 leads to rapid increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of specific intracellular substrates including CD28 itself. Since CD28 does not encode an intrinsic tyrosine kinase domain, CD28 must activate an intracellular tyrosine kinase(s). Indeed, crosslinking of CD28 increases the activity of the intracellular tyrosine kinases EMT/ITK and LCK. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and GRB2 binding site in CD28 is dispensable for optimal IL2 production in Jurkat T cells. We demonstrate herein that murine Y170 (equivalent to human Y173) in CD28 is also dispensable for activation of the SRC family tyrosine kinase LCK and the TEC family tyrosine kinase EMT/ITK. In contrast, the distal three tyrosines in CD28 are required for optimal IL2 production as well as for optimal activation of the LCK and EMT/ITK tyrosine kinases. The distal three tyrosines of CD28, however, are not required for recruitment of PI3K to CD28. Furthermore, PI3K is recruited to CD28 in JCaM1 cells which lack LCK and in which EMT/ITK is not activated by ligation of CD28. Thus optimal activation of LCK or EMT/ITK is not obligatory for recruitment of PI3K to CD28 and thus is also not required for tyrosine phosphorylation of the YMNM motif in CD28. Taken together the data indicate that the distal three tyrosines in CD28 are integral to the activation of LCK and EMT/ITK and for subsequent IL2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gibson
- The University of Texas M.D., Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Box 92, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
The activation of naive CD4+ T cells requires two discrete signals: a signal delivered by the T cell receptor following recognition of antigen and an accessory signal transduced when costimulatory receptors interact with their ligands. Particularly important in the development of an immune response to foreign antigens is the T cell molecule CD28, which delivers a potent costimulus when engaged by ligands, B7-1 and B7-2, on antigen-presenting cells. It is interesting that blockade of B7 molecules, which disrupts interactions with CD28 and prevents delivery of the CD28 costimulus, also alters the immune responses to self antigens and prevents the development of clinical disease in murine models of systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. Herein we review the roles of CD28 and its B7 ligands in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, discuss efforts to treat animal models of autoimmunity by modifying the CD28 signal, and consider the mechanisms by which manipulation of the CD28 signal alters the course of experimental autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Daikh
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, USA
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35
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Shapiro VS, Truitt KE, Imboden JB, Weiss A. CD28 mediates transcriptional upregulation of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) promoter through a composite element containing the CD28RE and NF-IL-2B AP-1 sites. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:4051-8. [PMID: 9199340 PMCID: PMC232258 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.17.7.4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutagenesis studies have demonstrated the requirement for the CD28-responsive element (CD28RE) within the interleukin-2 (IL-2) promoter for transcriptional upregulation by CD28. Here, we demonstrate that CD28 responsiveness is conferred by a composite element containing both the CD28RE and the NF-IL-2B AP-1 sites (RE/AP). Mutations at either site within the RE/AP composite element abolish activity. The RE/AP composite element is a site for signal integration within the IL-2 promoter, since its activation is dependent on at least two separate signalling pathways being activated, through the T-cell receptor, CD28, and/or phorbol myristate acetate. Activation is maximal when all three signals occur simultaneously. By using a panel of CD28 cytoplasmic domain mutants, it was found that the transcriptional activation of the RE/AP composite element correlates exactly with the pattern of IL-2 secretion induced by these mutants upon stimulation. Similar to the upregulation of IL-2 secretion, the transcriptional upregulation of the RE/AP composite element by CD28 is FK506 insensitive. The pattern of activation of the RE/AP composite element is different from that observed for either an NFAT or consensus AP-1 site, implying that RE/AP represents a unique element. Using gel shift analysis, we demonstrate that stimulation by CD28 induces the association of the NF-kappaB family member c-Rel to the CD28RE within the RE/AP composite element. The transcriptional upregulation of IL-2 by CD28 appears, therefore, to be mediated through the RE/AP composite element, involving the association of c-Rel with the CD28RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
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36
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Shi J, Cinek T, Truitt KE, Imboden JB. Wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, blocks antigen-mediated, but not CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced, activation of murine CD4+ T cells. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.158.10.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Perturbation of several distinct T cell molecules, including the CD3/TCR complex, CD7, and CD28, activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), but a clear consensus on the role of PI3-K in T cell activation has yet to emerge. We report here that CD3 mAb-induced IL-2 production by CD4+ T cells from DO11.10 TCR-alphabeta-transgenic mice is refractory to the potent PI3-K inhibitor, wortmannin, demonstrating that activation under these conditions is independent of PI3-K. In marked contrast, wortmannin substantially inhibits IL-2 production elicited by Ag (OVA(323-339) peptide) presented by appropriate APCs (syngeneic B7+ B cell blasts) and blocks Ag-induced differentiation of naive CD4+ DO11.10 T cells into IL-4-producing cells. Wortmannin inhibits Ag-induced conjugate formation between T cells and B7+ B cell blasts. Because T cell activation by Ag requires stable interactions with APCs, this inhibitory effect on conjugate formation may underlie the ability of wortmannin to block Ag-induced IL-2 production and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- Department of Medicine and San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 94143, USA
| | - T Cinek
- Department of Medicine and San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 94143, USA
| | - K E Truitt
- Department of Medicine and San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 94143, USA
| | - J B Imboden
- Department of Medicine and San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 94143, USA
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37
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Shi J, Cinek T, Truitt KE, Imboden JB. Wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, blocks antigen-mediated, but not CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced, activation of murine CD4+ T cells. J Immunol 1997; 158:4688-95. [PMID: 9144481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Perturbation of several distinct T cell molecules, including the CD3/TCR complex, CD7, and CD28, activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), but a clear consensus on the role of PI3-K in T cell activation has yet to emerge. We report here that CD3 mAb-induced IL-2 production by CD4+ T cells from DO11.10 TCR-alphabeta-transgenic mice is refractory to the potent PI3-K inhibitor, wortmannin, demonstrating that activation under these conditions is independent of PI3-K. In marked contrast, wortmannin substantially inhibits IL-2 production elicited by Ag (OVA(323-339) peptide) presented by appropriate APCs (syngeneic B7+ B cell blasts) and blocks Ag-induced differentiation of naive CD4+ DO11.10 T cells into IL-4-producing cells. Wortmannin inhibits Ag-induced conjugate formation between T cells and B7+ B cell blasts. Because T cell activation by Ag requires stable interactions with APCs, this inhibitory effect on conjugate formation may underlie the ability of wortmannin to block Ag-induced IL-2 production and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- Department of Medicine and San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 94143, USA
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38
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Truitt KE, Nagel T, Suen LF, Imboden JB. Structural requirements for CD28-mediated costimulation of IL-2 production in Jurkat T cells. J Immunol 1996; 156:4539-41. [PMID: 8648094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although under certain conditions an association with phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-K) appears to be critical for CD28 signaling, mutation of the PI3-K binding site (Tyr 170) does not alter the costimulatory ability of murine CD28 (mCD28) in Jurkat T cells. To define the structural requirements for this PI3-K-independent signaling, we expressed a series of mCD28 mutants in Jurkat. Mutation to Phe of all four cytoplasmic Tyr residues together (ALL F mutant) greatly reduced the ability of mCD28 to augment IL-2 production. Isolated re-constitution of Tyr 188, but not 170, 185, or 197, restored the ability of ALL F mCD28 to deliver a costimulus. Thus, a signal based upon Tyr 188 can deliver a costimulus for the enhancement of IL-2 production by Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Truitt
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, and the University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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39
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Truitt KE, Nagel T, Suen LF, Imboden JB. Structural requirements for CD28-mediated costimulation of IL-2 production in Jurkat T cells. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.156.12.4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although under certain conditions an association with phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-K) appears to be critical for CD28 signaling, mutation of the PI3-K binding site (Tyr 170) does not alter the costimulatory ability of murine CD28 (mCD28) in Jurkat T cells. To define the structural requirements for this PI3-K-independent signaling, we expressed a series of mCD28 mutants in Jurkat. Mutation to Phe of all four cytoplasmic Tyr residues together (ALL F mutant) greatly reduced the ability of mCD28 to augment IL-2 production. Isolated re-constitution of Tyr 188, but not 170, 185, or 197, restored the ability of ALL F mCD28 to deliver a costimulus. Thus, a signal based upon Tyr 188 can deliver a costimulus for the enhancement of IL-2 production by Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Truitt
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, and the University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - T Nagel
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, and the University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - L F Suen
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, and the University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - J B Imboden
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, and the University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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40
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Abstract
CD2, a cell surface glycoprotein expressed on T cells and natural killer cells, can couple to signaling pathways that result in T cell proliferation. An Src-like protein tyrosine kinase, p56lck, coprecipitates with CD2, and perturbation of CD2 by monoclonal antibodies results in an increase in the activity of p56lck, suggesting that an interaction with p56lck contributes to CD2-mediated signaling. Herein, we investigate the mechanism by which CD2 associates with p56lck. We demonstrate that CD2 and p56lck associate when coexpressed in nonlymphoid cells, that this association requires the cytoplasmic domain of CD2, and that the SH3 domain of p56lck mediates its interactions with CD2. Using truncation mutants of CD2, we identify two regions in the cytoplasmic domain of CD2 involved in binding p56lck. Each region contains a proline-rich sequence that, in the form of a synthetic peptide, directly binds p56lck. Thus, proline-rich sequences in the cytoplasmic domain of CD2 allow this transmembrane receptor to bind to the SH3 domain of p56lck.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Bell
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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41
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Truitt KE, Shi J, Gibson S, Segal LG, Mills GB, Imboden JB. CD28 delivers costimulatory signals independently of its association with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.155.10.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD28, a cell-surface molecule expressed by T cells, delivers costimulatory signals during the activation of T cells by Ag. Stimulation of CD28 induces its association with phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-K), raising the possibility that PI3-K plays a critical role in CD28 signaling. We find, however, that wortmannin, a potent inhibitor of PI3-K, does not block CD28-mediated costimulation of Jurkat (a human T cell line) or of murine CD4+ T cells. To address further the role of PI3-K in CD28-mediated signaling, we expressed mutant murine CD28 molecules in Jurkat cells. Mutation of Tyr 170 of murine CD28 to Phe abrogates the association of murine CD28 with PI3-K but does not affect the ability of murine CD28 to augment IL-2 production by Jurkat cells in response to the combination of ionomycin and PMA. Conversely, a mutant of murine CD28 that has a Tyr at position 170 but has Phe substitutions at the remaining three cytoplasmic tyrosines retains the ability to associate with PI3-K and has an impaired ability to deliver a costimulus that augments IL-2 production. CD28, therefore, can deliver costimulatory signals independently of its interaction with PI3-K, and association with PI3-K is insufficient to mediate the full effector function of CD28. Optimal signaling by CD28 requires the integrity of one or more of the carboxyl-terminal three Tyr residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Truitt
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Shi
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Gibson
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L G Segal
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G B Mills
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J B Imboden
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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42
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Truitt KE, Shi J, Gibson S, Segal LG, Mills GB, Imboden JB. CD28 delivers costimulatory signals independently of its association with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Immunol 1995; 155:4702-10. [PMID: 7594470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
CD28, a cell-surface molecule expressed by T cells, delivers costimulatory signals during the activation of T cells by Ag. Stimulation of CD28 induces its association with phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-K), raising the possibility that PI3-K plays a critical role in CD28 signaling. We find, however, that wortmannin, a potent inhibitor of PI3-K, does not block CD28-mediated costimulation of Jurkat (a human T cell line) or of murine CD4+ T cells. To address further the role of PI3-K in CD28-mediated signaling, we expressed mutant murine CD28 molecules in Jurkat cells. Mutation of Tyr 170 of murine CD28 to Phe abrogates the association of murine CD28 with PI3-K but does not affect the ability of murine CD28 to augment IL-2 production by Jurkat cells in response to the combination of ionomycin and PMA. Conversely, a mutant of murine CD28 that has a Tyr at position 170 but has Phe substitutions at the remaining three cytoplasmic tyrosines retains the ability to associate with PI3-K and has an impaired ability to deliver a costimulus that augments IL-2 production. CD28, therefore, can deliver costimulatory signals independently of its interaction with PI3-K, and association with PI3-K is insufficient to mediate the full effector function of CD28. Optimal signaling by CD28 requires the integrity of one or more of the carboxyl-terminal three Tyr residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Truitt
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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43
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Bell GM, Imboden JB. CD2 and the regulation of T cell anergy. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.155.6.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - J B Imboden
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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44
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Bell GM, Imboden JB. CD2 and the regulation of T cell anergy. J Immunol 1995; 155:2805-7. [PMID: 7673695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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45
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Abstract
In hematopoietic cells, the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1C appears to play a central role in the termination of signalling by receptors that activate protein tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Imboden
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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46
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Abstract
The T cell surface molecule CD28 can provide costimulatory signals that permit the full activation of T cells. Here we demonstrate that stimulation of CD28, either by B7, its natural ligand, or by the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody 9.3, induces an association between CD28 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) in Jurkat T cells, raising the possibility that an interaction with PI3-K contributes to CD28-mediated signaling. To examine the mechanism of the association, we synthesized tyrosine-phosphorylated oligopeptides corresponding to each of the four tyrosines in the CD28 cytoplasmic domain. When added to lysates of B7-stimulated Jurkat cells, the oligopeptide corresponding to Tyr 173 inhibits the coimmunoprecipitation of PI3-K with CD28; the other oligopeptides have no effect. Tyr 173 is contained within the sequence YMNM, a motif that is also found in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor and that, when phosphorylated, forms a high affinity binding site for the p85 subunit of PI3-K. These observations suggest that phosphorylation of Tyr 173 may mediate the interaction between CD28 and PI3-K. However, because CD28 is not known to be phosphorylated, it remains possible that CD28 interacts with PI3-K through a mechanism independent of tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Truitt
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, California
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47
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Truitt KE, Mills GB, Turck CW, Imboden JB. SH2-dependent association of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase 85-kDa regulatory subunit with the interleukin-2 receptor beta chain. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:5937-43. [PMID: 7509794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling results in tyrosine phosphorylation of the 75-kDa IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) beta chain and the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-K). Herein, we demonstrate that the 85-kDa (p85) regulatory subunit of PI3-K physically associates with the tyrosine-phosphorylated IL-2R beta chain. A fusion protein containing both the amino- and the carboxyl-terminal src homology 2 domains of p85 precipitates an 80-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein (pp80) from the lysates of IL-2-stimulated, but not unstimulated, human T lymphoblasts. Preclearing studies and immunoblotting with an antiserum to the IL-2R beta chain demonstrates that pp80 represents a portion of the IL-2R beta chain pool. A tyrosine-phosphorylated oligopeptide corresponding to tyrosine 392 of the IL-2R beta chain partially inhibits binding of the IL-2R beta chain by p85 fusion protein, raising the possibility that this residue plays a role in the interaction of PI3-K with the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Truitt
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94121
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48
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Bell GM, Dethloff GM, Imboden JB. CD45-negative mutants of a rat natural killer cell line fail to lyse tumor target cells. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.151.7.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To examine the role of CD45 in NK cell activation, we isolated three mutants and one variant of a rat NK cell line, RNK-16. Each of these lacked cell-surface expression of CD45 and did not have detectable transcripts for CD45 on Northern blot analysis. The CD45-negative cells expressed CD2, CD53, and NKR-P1, but mAb-induced perturbations of these molecules did not induce protein tyrosine phosphorylations and increases in the concentration of cytoplasmic-free calcium, as occurred in the wild-type RNK-16. Unlike the wild-type cells, the CD45-negative cells failed to lyse YAC-1 and RL-male-1 tumor targets. The cytolytic activity of the CD45-negative cells could be stimulated pharmacologically by ionomycin and PMA, which, when added to the cytotoxicity assays, induced killing of tumor targets. These studies suggest that CD45 is required for the response of RNK-16 cells to target cells and for signaling through CD2, CD53, and NKR-P1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Bell
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA
| | - G M Dethloff
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA
| | - J B Imboden
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA
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Bell GM, Dethloff GM, Imboden JB. CD45-negative mutants of a rat natural killer cell line fail to lyse tumor target cells. J Immunol 1993; 151:3646-53. [PMID: 8104222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To examine the role of CD45 in NK cell activation, we isolated three mutants and one variant of a rat NK cell line, RNK-16. Each of these lacked cell-surface expression of CD45 and did not have detectable transcripts for CD45 on Northern blot analysis. The CD45-negative cells expressed CD2, CD53, and NKR-P1, but mAb-induced perturbations of these molecules did not induce protein tyrosine phosphorylations and increases in the concentration of cytoplasmic-free calcium, as occurred in the wild-type RNK-16. Unlike the wild-type cells, the CD45-negative cells failed to lyse YAC-1 and RL-male-1 tumor targets. The cytolytic activity of the CD45-negative cells could be stimulated pharmacologically by ionomycin and PMA, which, when added to the cytotoxicity assays, induced killing of tumor targets. These studies suggest that CD45 is required for the response of RNK-16 cells to target cells and for signaling through CD2, CD53, and NKR-P1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Bell
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, CA
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Bell GM, Bolen JB, Imboden JB. Association of Src-like protein tyrosine kinases with the CD2 cell surface molecule in rat T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12:5548-54. [PMID: 1280324 PMCID: PMC360493 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.12.5548-5554.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface molecule CD2 has a signaling role in the activation of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Because perturbation of CD2 leads to the appearance of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, we investigated the possibility that CD2 associates with cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases. As determined by in vitro kinase assays and phosphoamino acid analysis, protein tyrosine kinase activity coprecipitated with CD2 from rat T lymphocytes, T lymphoblasts, thymocytes, interleukin-2-activated natural killer cells, and RNK-16 cells (a rat natural killer cell line). In each case, both p56lck and p59fyn were identified in the CD2 immunoprecipitate. In the thymus, the association between CD2 and these kinases occurred predominately in a small subset of thymocytes that had the cell surface phenotype of mature T cells, indicating that the association is a regulated event and occurs late in T-cell ontogeny. The finding that CD2 is associated with p56lck and p59fyn in detergent lysates suggests that interactions with these Src-like protein kinases play a critical role in CD2-mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Bell
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121
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